Journal articles: 'Three-phase distribution feeders'

1

Huang, M. Y., C. S. Chen, C. H. Lin, M. S. Kang, H. J. Chuang, and C. W. Huang. "Three-phase balancing of distribution feeders using immune algorithm." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2, no. 3 (2008): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20070206.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lee, Yih-Der, Jheng-Lun Jiang, Yuan-Hsiang Ho, Wei-Chen Lin, Hsin-Ching Chih, and Wei-Tzer Huang. "Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071844.

Full text

Abstract:

An increase in the neutral current results in a malfunction of the low energy over current (LCO) protective relay and raises the neutral-to-ground voltage in three-phase, four-wire radial distribution feeders. Thus, the key point for mitigating its effect is to keep the current under a specific level. The most common approach for reducing the neutral current caused by the inherent imbalance of distribution feeders is to rearrange the phase connection between the distribution transformers and the load tapped-off points by using the metaheuristics algorithms. However, the primary task is to obtain the effective load data for phase rearrangement; otherwise, the outcomes would not be worthy of practical application. In this paper, the effective load data can be received from the feeder terminal unit (FTU) installed along the feeder of Taipower. The net load data consisting of customers’ power consumption and the power generation of distributed energy resources (DERs) were measured and transmitted to the feeder dispatch control center (FDCC). This paper proposes a method of establishing the equivalent full-scale net load model based on FTU data format, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) was adopted for monthly load forecasting. Furthermore, the full-scale net load model was built by the monthly per hour load data. Next, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to rearrange the phase connection of the distribution transformers with the aim of minimizing the neutral current. The outcomes of this paper are helpful for the optimal setting of the limit current of the LCO relay and to avoid its malfunction. Furthermore, the proposed method can also improve the three-phase imbalance of distribution feeders, thus reducing extra power loss and increasing the operating efficiency of three-phase induction motors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chia-Hung Lin, Chao-Shun Chen, Hui-Jen Chuang, Ming-Yang Huang, and Chia-Wen Huang. "An Expert System for Three-Phase Balancing of Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 23, no. 3 (August 2008): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2008.926472.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Taghipour Boroujeni, Samad, Mohammad Mardaneh, and Zhale Hashemi. "A Dynamic and Heuristic Phase Balancing Method for LV Feeders." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6928080.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the single-phase loads and their stochastic behavior, the current in the distribution feeders is not balanced. In addition, the single-phase loads are located in different positions along the LV feeders. So the amount of the unbalanced load and its location affect the feeder losses. An unbalanced load causes the feeder losses and the voltage drop. Because of time-varying behavior of the single-phase loads, phase balancing is a dynamic and combinatorial problem. In this research, a heuristic and dynamic solution for the phase balancing of the LV feeders is proposed. In this method, it is supposed that the loads’ tie could be connected to all phases through a three-phase switch. The aim of the proposed method is to make the feeder conditions as balanced as possible. The amount and the location of single-phase loads are considered in the proposed phase balancing method. Since the proposed method needs no communication interface or no remote controller, it is inexpensive, simple, practical, and robust. Applying this method provides a distributed and dynamic phase balancing control. In addition, the feasibility of reducing the used switches is investigated. The ability of the proposed method in the phase balancing of the LV feeders is approved by carrying out some simulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Djagolado, Martinus W., Amirullah Amirullah, and Saidah Saidah. "Pengembangan Nominal Aturan Fuzzy pada Metode Fuzzy Mamdani untuk Menyeimbangkan Beban Tiga Phasa pada Saluran Distribusi Tegangan Menengah." Rekayasa 14, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v14i3.10655.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of electrical equipment on the customer side with low voltage absorbs unbalanced power. The load unbalances in each phase will result in an unbalanced current, resulting in a phase voltage shift in the secondary coil of the 20 kV/380 V medium voltage transformer. Shifting the voltage in the distribution transformer phase, then causes the flow of current in the transformer neutral wire causing losses. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic method with the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) to balance three-phase load currents at seven feeders of 20 kV medium voltage distribution at PLN Rayon Taman Jawa-Timur. The feeders are Ngelom, Tawang Sari, Geluran, Bringin, Masangan Kulon, Palm Residence, and Pasar Sepanjang. There are three input variables used, namely the load current in phase R, phase S, and phase T respectively. There are three output variables in one FIS block, namely changes in load current in phase R, phase S, and phase T respectively. With the number of fuzzy rules as many as 509 rules, the proposed method is able to produce the lowest load current unbalance value of 1.6% at Palm Residence Feeders. The development of a nominal (number) of fuzzy rules in the Fuzzy Logic Method with FIS Mamdani is able to reduce the value of unbalance load current at the 20 kV medium voltage distribution feeder better than the method proposed by previous researchers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chen, Chao-Shun, Te-Tien Ku, and Chia-Hung Lin. "Design of Phase Identification System to Support Three-Phase Loading Balance of Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 48, no. 1 (January 2012): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2011.2175352.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Yandulskyy, Oleksandr, Hanna Trunina, Dmytro Nastenko, and Artem Nesterko. "LOAD BALANCING IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH MICRO-SYNCHROPHASORS." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 3(128) (June 11, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.3.99-104.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose. The article discusses new strategies for controlling distribution networks with different, active components using synchronized measurements of voltage and current phase values (magnitude and phase angle) based on the use of high precision micro-synchrophasors (uPMUs), which are adapted to work in distribution networks. Particular attention in the article is focused on the problem of mislabeling of phases and load balancing of distribution network feeders. Methodology. Elements of the optimization theory and matrix calculation were used to develop optimization criteria for initial load balancing problem and minimum switching load balancing problem. Results. The article considers approaches to solving problems arising in distribution power grids under conditions of growth of distributed generation levels. The factors leading to increased uncertainty in forecasting distribution network modes that complicate the tasks of power equipment diagnostics, network topology identification, state assessment and fault location are established. Problems of incorrect phase marking and load symmetry of distribution network feeders are analyzed in detail. Authors proposed an approach to phase identification and feeder load symmetry using micro-synchrophasor data (uPMU) based on the analysis of voltage measurements. The proposed approach is based on comparing the measurements made at the beginning of the feeder with the measurements made in other locations of the feeder considering the constant phase angle shifts of voltage multiples of 30 degrees, which are caused by the phase shift of transformers. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is the ability to solve the problem of phase marking and phase identification using the measuring bodies of uPMUs with accuracy within 1 degree. As a result, based on the information about the actual phase markings, the authors proposed an approach to feeder load symmetry, which is based on solving the optimization problem. The optimization criterion is the minimum by the sum of the norms of the vector of the feeder phase loads for a certain period of time. This article investigates an approach to phase identification in three-phase distribution networks based on the analysis of micro-synchrophasor measurements (uPMU). The proposed approach is based on direct voltage measurements at different feeder locations, taking into account the fact that in an unbalanced three-phase system the time series voltage values at the two ends of one phase should have a much stronger correlation than at the two ends of different phases. This feature makes it possible to solve the problem of marking and identification of phases when using uPMU measuring bodies with accuracy within 1 degree. The proposed approach takes into account, in multiples of 30 degrees, the phase shift due to the presence of D-Y transformers. The proposed approaches will be investigated when creating a monitoring system for electric distribution networks using uPMUs at the pilot site of the Igor Sikorsky KPI campus and elsewhere in cooperation with network operators. Originality. In contrast to the known methods and approaches to the phase identification, proposed method using direct measurements of three phase voltages and thus obtained results do not contain uncertainty. Practical value. Solving the phase marking problem also reduces the number of errors in power equipment diagnostics, network topology identification, condition assessment and fault location. References 11, figures 4.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zeng, Yu, Guibin Zou, Xiuyan Wei, Chenjun Sun, and Lingtong Jiang. "A Novel Protection and Location Scheme for Pole-to-Pole Fault in MMC-MVDC Distribution Grid." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082076.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, the efficient and reliable protection and location schemes for MMC-MVDC (Modular Multilevel Converter-Medium Voltage Direct Current) grid are few. This paper is the first to propose a scheme to not only protect the feeders and the busbar, but locate the segments in MMC-MVDC grid. To improve the reliability, this paper analyzes the transient characteristics of the pole-to-pole fault and then obtains the characteristic frequency band. Based on S-transform, STCFB (S-transform characteristic frequency band) Phase of fault component is utilized to construct the identification criterion for faulty feeder and faulty segment. The whole scheme can be divided into three steps, namely, protection starting criterion, faulty feeder and busbar protection criterion, and faulty segment location criterion. Firstly, the current gradient method is utilized to quickly detect the fault and start the protection device. Secondly, the non-unit protection criterion on busbar and feeders is proposed according to STCFB Phase of the voltage and current fault component. Thirdly, according to the STCFB Phase on both sides of the feeder segment, the faulty segment can be located. A radial MMC-MVDC distribution network model was built in PSCAD/EMTDC software to evaluate the performance of the protection and location method. Simulation results for different cases demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy, good adaptability and reliability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhu, Ke, and Rundong Lv. "A Three-Phase Adaptive Reclosure Technology for Distribution Feeders Based on Parameter Identification." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 34, no. 6 (December 2019): 2173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2911847.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pilehvar, Mohsen Shid. "Forming Interphase Microgrids in Distribution Systems Using Cooperative Inverters." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2022.00017.

Full text

Abstract:

Interphase-microgrids formed by three islanded single-phase feeders in distribution systems are proposed in this paper. Loss of utility caused by natural and human-made disasters may isolate each residential subdivision from the utility. In this case, the household loads are supplied by distributed generation (DG) units which may not be enough to meet the load demand. This can lead to deviations in voltage and frequency, and the deviations may vary for each phase. The proposed solution is to form an interphase-microgrid by seamlessly interconnecting the islanded single-phase feeders. This interphase-microgrid can effectively balance the load demands and DG generation in distribution systems after losing the utility supply. This paper presents different case studies to demonstrate the viability of forming interphase-microgrids for residential distribution systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Alhmoud, Lina, Qosai Nawafleh, and Waled Merrji. "Three-Phase Feeder Load Balancing Based Optimized Neural Network Using Smart Meters." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112195.

Full text

Abstract:

The electricity distribution system is the coupling point between the utility and the end-user. Typically, these systems have unbalanced feeders due to the variety of customers’ behaviors. Some significant problems occur; the unbalanced loads increase the operational cost and system investment. In radial distribution systems, swapping loads between the three phases is the most effective method for phase balancing. It is performed manually and subjected to load flow equations, capacity, and voltage constraints. Recently, due to smart grids and automated networks, dynamic phase balancing received more attention, thus swapping the loads between the three phases automatically when unbalance exceeds permissible limits by using a remote-controlled phase switch selector/controller. Automatic feeder reconfiguration and phase balancing eliminates the service interruption, enhances energy restoration, and minimize losses. In this paper, a case study from the Irbid district electricity company (IDECO) is presented. Optimal reconfiguration of phase balancing using three techniques: feed-forward back-propagation neural network (FFBPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and a hybrid are proposed to control the switching sequence for each connected load. The comparison shows that the hybrid technique yields the best performance. This work is simulated using MATLAB and C programming language.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

San-Yi Lee and Chi-Jui Wu. "On-line reactive power compensation schemes for unbalanced three phase four wire distribution feeders." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 8, no. 4 (1993): 1958–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.248308.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sudheer, Kasa, and Ramasamy Sudha. "Enhancement of Power Quality in Multi Feeder Three Phase System with Photovoltaic fed ANFIS-Unified Multi Converter Controller." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503015.

Full text

Abstract:

Substantial growth in modern innovations demands more power from utility. To cope with drastic power demand on grid renewable sources have been integrated. This makes more complex power system as these integrated sources more dynamic in nature. Intelligent usage of renewable sources leads to optimal and reliable power structure. This paper provides an optimal usage of renewable source for unified controlling action to compensate power quality issues on multi distribution feeders. Proposed Unified Multi Converter Controller (UMCC) effectively alleviates power quality issues like harmonics, imperfections in current and voltage on multi feeder. ANFIS based harmonics alleviation is studied and compared with traditional control error tuning. Here, Photovoltaic source is considered. Proposed three phase system is analyzed in MATLAB\SIMULINK platform with variable load and supply voltage conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ikeda, Fuka, Kei Nishikawa, Yuki Okamoto, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Simple Power Quality Compensation with Bidirectional Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112894.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper deals with power quality compensation in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders using a constant DC-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC)-based strategy of the previously proposed bidirectional battery charger (BBC) for electric vehicles under the distorted source-voltage and load-current conditions. Instantaneous active power flowing into the three-leg pulse-width-modulated (PWM) rectifier in the BBC is discussed. The instantaneous power flowing into the three-leg PWM rectifier demonstrates that the CDCVC-based strategy obtains balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor, where the source-side active power is balanced with the load-side active power. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor are attained in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders with both battery-charging and -discharging operations for electric vehicles even though both source voltage and load currents are distorted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Cruz-Reyes, Jose Luis, Sergio Steven Salcedo-Marcelo, and Oscar Danilo Montoya. "Application of the Hurricane-Based Optimization Algorithm to the Phase-Balancing Problem in Three-Phase Asymmetric Networks." Computers 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11030043.

Full text

Abstract:

This article addresses the problem of optimal phase-swapping in asymmetric distribution grids through the application of hurricane-based optimization algorithm (HOA). The exact mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is solved by using a master–slave optimization procedure. The master stage is entrusted with the definition of load connection at each stage by using an integer codification that ensures that, per node, only one from the possible six-load connections is assigned. In the slave stage, the load connection set provided by the master stage is applied with the backward/forward power flow method in its matricial form to determine the amount of grid power losses. The computational performance of the HOA was tested in three literature test feeders composed of 8, 25, and 37 nodes. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed master–slave optimization approach when compared with the classical Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm (CBGA) and the discrete vortex search algorithm (DVSA). The reductions reached with HOA were 24.34%, 4.16%, and 19.25% for the 8-, 28-, and 37-bus systems; this confirms the literature reports in the first two test feeders and improves the best current solution of the IEEE 37-bus grid. All simulations are carried out in the MATLAB programming environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tanaka, Toshihiko, Hirokazu Fukui, Eiji Hiraki, Shuuji Watanabe, and Shinji Fukuma. "A New Current Balancer in Single-Phase Three-Wire Secondary Distribution Feeders Using the Correlation Coefficients." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 127, no. 6 (2007): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.127.675.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tanaka, Toshihiko, Tsukasa Sekiya, Hidenori Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Eiji Hiraki. "Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles With Power-Quality Compensator on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49, no. 6 (November 2013): 2628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2262915.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tanaka, Toshihiko, Hirokazu Fukui, Eiji Hiraki, Shuuji Watanabe, and Shinji Fukuma. "A new current balancer in single-phase three-wire secondary distribution feeders using the correlation coefficients." Electrical Engineering in Japan 169, no. 1 (October 2009): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20843.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Omar, Moien A., and Marwan M. Mahmoud. "Control of power converter used for electric vehicle DC charging station with the capability of balancing distribution currents and reactive power compensation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp924-931.

Full text

Abstract:

The global interest in electric cars aims to achieve sustainability in the transportation sector and reduce dependence on conventional cars that mainly depend on fossil fuels, the main source of emissions polluting the environment. However, the electric cars required electric fast chargers to charge the batteries with high currents in order to make the electric cars competitive with conventional cars that required a short time for filling fuel. Single-phase electric chargers make the distribution feeders with unbalanced currents as the single-phase loads and single-phase PV inverters. In the case of the unbalanced operation, one of the three phases may reach its maximum limit before other phases which leads to disconnect the transformer and thereby inefficient and unreliable system operation. This paper presents a control scheme for a three-phase, four-leg power converter that can be used as a fast charger for electric cars. Moreover, it can be used for balancing grid currents and for reactive power compensation. This will avoid frequent interruptions of distribution transformers due to unbalanced operation and reactive power loads. The distribution feeder considered to evaluate the control scheme consists of single-phase loads and inverters in addition to the proposed converter. The converter controls the charging power effectively and balancing the feeder currents. Moreover, during off charging time which is a possible manner for the charging station when the EV battery is fully charged the converter is effectively used for unbalanced mitigation and reactive power compensation. The simulated results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Montoya, Oscar Danilo, Andres Arias-Londoño, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, José Ángel Barrios, and Harold R. Chamorro. "Optimal Demand Reconfiguration in Three-Phase Distribution Grids Using an MI-Convex Model." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071124.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of the optimal load redistribution in electrical three-phase medium-voltage grids is addressed in this research from the point of view of mixed-integer convex optimization. The mathematical formulation of the load redistribution problem is developed in terminals of the distribution node by accumulating all active and reactive power loads per phase. These loads are used to propose an objective function in terms of minimization of the average unbalanced (asymmetry) grade of the network with respect to the ideal mean consumption per-phase. The objective function is defined as the l1-norm which is a convex function. As the constraints consider the binary nature of the decision variable, each node is conformed by a 3×3 matrix where each row and column have to sum 1, and two equations associated with the load redistribution at each phase for each of the network nodes. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mixed-integer convex model to equilibrate the power consumption per phase in regards with the ideal value in three different test feeders, which are composed of 4, 15, and 37 buses, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Pidancier, Thomas, Mokhtar Bozorg, Dominique Roggo, Patrick Favre-Perrod, and Mauro Carpita. "15 kVA Three-Phase Low-Voltage SOP Prototype Laboratory Tests Results." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153895.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, a 15 kVA soft open point converter is presented. The converter design and manufacturing have been presented in previous papers. The aim of this paper was to show the results of the devices in a full-scale laboratory environment, Gridlab, made of four distribution LV feeders, each rated 40 A. The tests demonstrated the good dynamics of the SOP control and its usefulness in performing a suitable PQ control. They also showed an improvement in the voltage profile and in the load capacity of the overall network. In the final part of the paper, the feedback earned during the development and the test of this first prototype are presented. This feedback will benefit the team for the design of a new improved 50 kVA version.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Montoya, Oscar Danilo, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, and Edwin Rivas-Trujillo. "Approximated Mixed-Integer Convex Model for Phase Balancing in Three-Phase Electric Networks." Computers 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10090109.

Full text

Abstract:

With this study, we address the optimal phase balancing problem in three-phase networks with asymmetric loads in reference to a mixed-integer quadratic convex (MIQC) model. The objective function considers the minimization of the sum of the square currents through the distribution lines multiplied by the average resistance value of the line. As constraints are considered for the active and reactive power redistribution in all the nodes considering a 3×3 binary decision variable having six possible combinations, the branch and nodal current relations are related to an extended upper-triangular matrix. The solution offered by the proposed MIQC model is evaluated using the triangular-based three-phase power flow method in order to determine the final steady state of the network with respect to the number of power loss upon the application of the phase balancing approach. The numerical results in three radial test feeders composed of 8, 15, and 25 nodes demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed MIQC model as compared to metaheuristic optimizers such as the genetic algorithm, black hole optimizer, sine–cosine algorithm, and vortex search algorithm. All simulations were carried out in MATLAB 2020a using the CVX tool and the Gurobi solver.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ren, Gang, Xianguang Zha, Bing Jiang, Xiaoli Hu, Junjun Xu, and Kai Tao. "Location of Multiple Types of Faults in Active Distribution Networks Considering Synchronization of Power Supply Area Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 10024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910024.

Full text

Abstract:

When a short circuit occurs in the power supply area of a distribution network with a high-permeability distributed generation, the line current will increase, the voltage will drop sharply, and the fault characteristics will be more complex. Therefore, the automatic, quick, and accurate location of fault sections is of great significance to the reliability of power supply. In order to prevent large-scale power outages in the power supply area caused by the failure of feeders and transformers, this paper proposes a novel method to locate fault sections in active distribution networks by taking into account the data of the power supply area. On the basis of the synchronization of calculated and measured time and the observability of the fault state, a limited number of intelligent terminals are reasonably arranged in the distribution network feeder and power supply area. Additionally, the fault location equation is established based on the three-phase voltage change values of the nodes before and after the fault collected by intelligent terminals, so that the fault section is determined by comparing the residuals. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the improved IEEE 37-node and IEEE 123-node three-phase distribution networks. The results show that it has high accuracy in locating fault sections in multiple fault scenarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kihara, Yuya, Seita Hikosaka, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, Fuka Ikeda, Masayuki Okamoto, and Seong Ryong Lee. "Harmonics Compensation in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders With a Four-Leg Structured Active Power-Line Conditioner." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.9.605.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Tanaka, Hidenori, Toshihiko Tanaka, Takaaki Wakimoto, Eiji Hiraki, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Reduced-Capacity Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders With Reactive Power Control." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 1 (January 2015): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2327156.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Montoya, Oscar Danilo, Federico Martin Serra, Cristian Hernan De Angelo, Harold R. Chamorro, and Lazaro Alvarado-Barrios. "Heuristic Methodology for Planning AC Rural Medium-Voltage Distribution Grids." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165141.

Full text

Abstract:

The optimal expansion of AC medium-voltage distribution grids for rural applications is addressed in this study from a heuristic perspective. The optimal routes of a distribution feeder are selected by applying the concept of a minimum spanning tree by limiting the number of branches that are connected to a substation (mixed-integer linear programming formulation). In order to choose the caliber of the conductors for the selected feeder routes, the maximum expected current that is absorbed by the loads is calculated, thereby defining the minimum thermal bound of the conductor caliber. With the topology and the initial selection of the conductors, a tabu search algorithm (TSA) is implemented to refine the solution with the help of a three-phase power flow simulation in MATLAB for three different load conditions, i.e., maximum, medium, and minimum consumption with values of 100%, 60%, and 30%, respectively. This helps in calculating the annual costs of the energy losses that will be summed with the investment cost in conductors for determining the final costs of the planning project. Numerical simulations in two test feeders comprising 9 and 25 nodes with one substation show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology regarding the final grid planning cost; in addition, the heuristic selection of the calibers using the minimum expected current absorbed by the loads provides at least 70% of the calibers that are contained in the final solution of the problem. This demonstrates the importance of using adequate starting points to potentiate metaheuristic optimizers such as the TSA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Medina-Gaitán, Daniel Federico A., Ian Dwrley Rozo-Rodriguez, and Oscar Danilo Montoya. "Optimal Phase-Balancing in Three-Phase Distribution Networks Considering Shunt Reactive Power Compensation with Fixed-Step Capacitor Banks." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010366.

Full text

Abstract:

The black hole optimization (BHO) method is applied in this research to solve the problem of the optimal reactive power compensation with fixed-step capacitor banks in three-phase networks considering the phase-balancing problem simultaneously. A master–slave optimization approach based on the BHO in the master stage considers a discrete codification and the successive approximation power flow method in the slave stage. Two different evaluations are proposed to measure the impact of the shunt reactive power compensation and the phase-balancing strategies. These evaluations include a cascade solution methodology (CSM) approach and a simultaneous solution methodology (SSM). The CSM approach solves the phase-balancing problem in the first stage. This solution is implemented in the distribution network to determine the fixed-step capacitor banks installed in the second stage. In the SSM, both problems are solved using a unique codification vector. Numerical results in the IEEE 8- and IEEE 27-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution methodology, where the SSM presents the better numerical results in both test feeders with reductions of about 32.27% and 33.52%, respectively, when compared with the CSM. To validate all the numerical achievements in the MATLAB programming environment, the DIgSILENT software was used for making cross-validations. Note that the selection of the DIgISLENT software is based on its wide recognition in the scientific literature and industry for making quasi-experimental validations as a previous stage to the physical implementation of any grid intervention in power and distribution networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Tanaka, Hidenori, Takaaki Wakimoto, Toshihiko Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Eiji Hiraki. "Reducing Capacity of Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders with Reactive Power Control." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 3, no. 6 (2014): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.3.437.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Medeiros Júnior, Manoel F., Marcos A. D. Almeida, Melinda C. S. Cruz, Rafaela V. F. Monteiro, and Abmael B. Oliveira. "A three-phase algorithm for state estimation in power distribution feeders based on the powers summation load flow method." Electric Power Systems Research 123 (June 2015): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Nikolic, Aleksandar B., Blagoje Babic, Aleksandar Zigic, Nikola Miladinovic, and Srdjan Milosavljevic. "Simultaneous power quality analysis of feeders in MV utility power stations." ACTA IMEKO 4, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v4i1.163.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of a low-cost, space saving device that could simultaneously take measurements from all (usually eight or up to twelve) outgoing three-phase feeders in a distribution substation is presented in this paper. To meet these requirements, at least 3 voltage measurements and 36 current measurements should be performed at the same time. In order to save space but not to reduce the measurement accuracy, a data acquisition system is designed based on real-time multiprocessing with a microcontroller and an FPGA circuit. Voltage and current measurements and their corresponding higher-order harmonics are calculated using a fast FPGA circuit, while other calculations (power, power factor, voltage and current phase angles, etc.) are performed in the microcontroller. Further savings are obtained using multichannel analog input modules with multiplexed inputs. Communication with the supervising computer is done using a GPRS modem or wireless network module depending of the station location. Results obtained in the laboratory and later in an industrial prototype confirm the proposed solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Purswell, Joseph L., Elizabeth J. Kim, and Scott L. Branton. "Research Brief: Effect of Feed Form andFeeder Position on Feed Consumption Patterns in Male Broilers." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 3 (2020): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13695.

Full text

Abstract:

Highlights Male broilers showed significant preference for whole pellets as compared to a 50:50 (by mass) mixture of pellets and fines and 100% fines. Broilers preferentially consumed pellets from the mixed diets, with 65% of the mixed diet consumed as pellets. Changes in feeder location did not affect preferences, and locations of preferred feed forms were readily re-acquired after re-positioning. Variation in pellet content may reduce effective feeder space through increased competition for pellets. Abstract. Post-starter phase broiler diets are almost universally pelleted during the manufacturing process to improve nutrient density, handling characteristics, and live performance. Low pellet durability, transportation, and on-farm handling and distribution can result in pellet destruction, ultimately resulting in variation in pellet distribution in a wire-auger feeding system. Given that poultry selectively feed to meet nutritional needs, the variation in pellet distribution observed in commercial feeding systems may result in a reduction in effective feeder space through increased competition for pellets. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mixtures of feed form and location on feed consumption patterns in broilers. Feed form treatments included 100% pellets (P), a 50:50 mix (M) of pellets and fines (by mass), and 100% fines (F). A total of 264 broilers were randomly allocated to each of six rooms at 37 days of age and provided with each of the three feed form treatments in separate feeders. Feeder locations were rotated every three days, allowing each feed form treatment to be located in all three feeder positions. Overall mean consumption rates for each feed form treatment were significantly different (p = 0.0001) with 70.3%, 21.3%, and 8.1% for the pellet only, mixed, and fines diets, respectively, and a pooled SEM of 0.02%. No significant differences were found for feeder position (p = 0.12) or test period (p = 0.91). Broilers were able to reliably re-acquire the position of preferred feed form treatments after each location change Keywords: Feeding systems, Housing design, Poultry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kootte, Maria Eliza, and Cornelis Vuik. "Steady-State Stand-Alone Power Flow Solvers for Integrated Transmission-Distribution Networks:A Comparison Study and Numerical Assessment." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185784.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper compares and assesses several numerical methods that solve the steady-state power flow problem on integrated transmission-distribution networks. The integrated network model consists of a balanced transmission and an unbalanced distribution network. It is important to analyze these integrated electrical power systems due to the changes related to the energy transition. We classified the existing integration methods as unified and splitting methods. These methods can be applied to homogeneous (complete three-phase) and hybrid (single-phase/three-phase) network models, which results in four approaches in total. These approaches were compared on their accuracy and numerical performance—CPU time and number of iterations—to demonstrate their applicability on large-scale electricity networks. Furthermore, their sensitivity towards the amount of distributed generation and the addition of multiple distribution feeders was investigated. The methods were assessed by running power flow simulations using the Newton–Raphson method on several integrated power systems up to 25,000 unknowns. The assessment showed that unified methods applied to hybrid networks performed the best on these test cases. The splitting methods are advantageous when complete network data sharing between system operators is not allowed. The use of high-performance techniques for larger test cases containing multiple distribution networks will make the difference in speed less significant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lee, San-Yi, and Chi-Jui Wu. "Combined compensation structure of a static Var compensator and an active filter for unbalanced three-phase distribution feeders with harmonic distortion." Electric Power Systems Research 46, no. 3 (September 1998): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(98)00074-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tanaka, Hidenori, Toshihiko Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Eiji Hiraki. "Reactive Power Control without Load-Side Power Calculation for Smart Charger of Electric Vehicles on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Journal of the Japan Institute of Power Electronics 40 (2014): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5416/jipe.40.63.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Rao, Naarisetti Srinivasa, and Pulipaka Venugopal Ramana Rao. "Novel multi-device unified powerquality conditioner for powerquality improvement." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp390-400.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes the customizable multi-device unified power-quality conditioner (MD-UPQC) is designed especially for multi-feeder distribution networks. The proposed MD-UPQC can exchange the power between the multi-feeders and proficiently mitigates all voltage-current associated power-quality problems, make sure to maintain balanced power-flow to consumers. At recent days, various manufacturers recommend the provision of multilevel inverters in mid-range customized compensation devices with desirable control schemes. In distinct, the 5-level diode-clamped multi-level inverter (DCMLI) is best suited for MD-UPQC over traditional 3-level voltage source inverter (VSI) topology for attaining enhanced features. In this paper, MD-UPQC has been proposed with three 5-level DCMLI modules interfaced as back-to-back with a common direct current (DC) capacitor. The simplified phase-dispositional modulation technique is easily assembled with proposed universal voltage-current reference controller for significant functioning of DCMLI-MDUPQC device. The operation and performance of proposed model and its control scheme is evaluated with MATLAB/Simulink computational tool, simulation results are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Budiyasa, I. Gede, I. Wayan Artha Wijaya, and Tjok Gede Indra Partha. "RUGI – RUGI DAYA AKIBAT PENGARUH KETIDAK SEIMBANGAN BEBAN TERHADAP ARUS NETRAL PADA EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN DAYA TERPASANG." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i01.p29.

Full text

Abstract:

The increasing need for electrical power with a stable and continuous distribution ofelectricity networks is an absolute requirement in meeting the needs of electrical energy. Theload imbalance between each phase (phase R, phase S, and phase T) which flows a net currentin the transformer, because of the transformer tolerance set by PLN, which is 20% of the powercapacity of the transformer In Abiansemal feeders there is a load imbalance of more than 20 %then in this study the load balancing is carried out in the LVMDV panel on three-phasecustomers, which has an impact on the load imbalance between each phase (phase R, phaseS, and phase T) which causes a neutral current and causes losses (losses). Based on thisproblem, balancing must be done by measuring first. From the measurement results in theLVMDP panel on three-phase customers and data obtained from the results of measurement ofload imbalance during the day is 29.9% and 26.6 % and the load imbalance at night is 62.6%and 31%, as shown in Table 4.5, it can be seen that the bush on the large current neutral INthat flows in the transformer neutral conductor, the greater the loss in the neutral conductor(PN).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lin, Shunjiang, Sen He, Haipeng Zhang, Mingbo Liu, Zhiqiang Tang, Hao Jiang, and Yunong Song. "Robust Optimal Allocation of Decentralized Reactive Power Compensation in Three-Phase Four-Wire Low-Voltage Distribution Networks Considering the Uncertainty of Photovoltaic Generation." Energies 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132479.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the unbalanced three-phase loads, the single-phase distributed photovoltaic (PV) integration, the long feeders, and the heavy loads in a three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution network (LVDN), the voltage unbalance factor (VUF), the network loss and the voltage deviation are relatively high. Considering the uncertain fluctuation of the PV output and the load power, a robust optimal allocation of decentralized reactive power compensation (RPC) devices model for a three-phase four-wire LVDN is proposed. In this model, the uncertain variables are described as box uncertain sets, the three-phase simultaneous switching capacity and single-phase independent switching capacity of the RPC devices are taken as decision variables, and the objective is to minimize the total power loss of the LVDN under the extreme scenarios of uncertain variables. The bi-level optimization method is used to transform the robust optimization model with uncertain variables into bi-level deterministic optimization models, which could be solved alternately. The nonlinear programming solver IPOPT in the mature commercial software GAMS is adopted to solve the upper and lower deterministic optimization models to obtain a robust optimal allocation scheme of decentralized RPC devices. Finally, the simulation results for an actual LVDN show that the obtained decentralized RPC scheme can ensure that the voltage deviation and the VUF of each bus satisfied the secure operation requirement no matter how the PV output and load power changed within their own uncertain sets, and the network loss could be effectively reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ikeda, Fuka, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Harmonics Compensation Strategy of Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Energies 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2017): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10060797.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ikeda, Fuka, Toshihiko Tanaka, Hiroaki Yamada, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Harmonics Compensation Algorithm of Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 5, no. 5 (2016): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.5.405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ikeda, Fuka, Toshihiko Tanaka, Hiroaki Yamada, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Simple Harmonics Compensation Method for Smart Charger with Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.8.23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Yang, Nien-Che, Yan-Lin Zeng, and Tsai-Hsiang Chen. "Assessment of Voltage Imbalance Improvement and Power Loss Reduction in Residential Distribution Systems in Taiwan." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 3254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243254.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to optimize the annual phase arrangement of distribution transformers connected to primary feeders to improve three-phase imbalance and reduce power loss. Based on the data of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), a quasi-real-time ZIP load model and typical sample distribution systems in Taiwan are constructed. The equivalent circuit models and solution algorithms for typical distribution systems in Taiwan are built using the commercial software package MATLAB. A series of simulations, analyses, comparisons, and explorations is executed. Finally, the quantitative evaluation results for improving the voltage imbalance and reducing the power loss are summarized. For the series of studies, the percentage reductions in (1) total power imbalance TSI, (2) total line loss TLL, (3) average voltage drop AVD, (4) total voltage imbalance factors for zero/negative sequences Td0/Td2, and (5) neutral current of the main transformer ILCO are up to 45.48%, 4.06%, 16.61%, 63.99%, 21.33%, and 88.01%, respectively. The results obtained in this study can be applied for energy saving and can aid the authorities to implement sustainable development policies in Taiwan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Myint, Shwe, and Warit Wichakool. "A high frequency reflected current signals-based fault type identification method." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp551-563.

Full text

Abstract:

The main objective of this paper is to identify fault type and faulted phase focus on the time delay values of reflected phase and modal current signals. The proposed method identifies fault type with the help of amplitude maxima of detail wavelet coefficient of residual current. The time delay values of phase and modal current reflected signals are used to detect faulty phase instead of using threshold values. Using time delay as a fault type identification parameter is achieved to save the overall protection system operating time because time delay is also the main feature of traveling wave fault location method. Moreover, to ensure the applied wavelet filter, the proposed algorithm is tested with the detail information of the three mother wavelets, such as db4, db6 and db8 and chosen the highest classification accuracy. Various disturbance events were tested with changing different possible fault types, faulted-feeders, fault resistances, fault locations and fault inception times on a loop distribution system. The robustness of the proposed faulted phase selection algorithm is performed through MATLAB Simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ushiroda, Mitsumasa, Takaaki Wakimoto, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Koji Kawahara. "Voltage Rise Suppression and Load Balancing by PV-PCS with Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Strategy in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 6, no. 5 (2017): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.6.303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kirui, Kemei Peter, David K. Murage, and Peter K. Kihato. "Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators on IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Feeder In-Line Transformer Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.6.1939.

Full text

Abstract:

The ever increasing global demand on the electrical energy has lead to the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) onto the distribution power systems networks to supplement on the deficiencies on the electrical energy generation capacities. The high penetration levels of DGs on the electrical distribution networks experienced over the past decade calls for the grid operators to periodically and critically asses the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations. The assessment on the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations is done by simulating the dynamic response of the network to major disturbances occurring on the network like the faults once the DGs have been connected into it. Connection of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) into a conventional electrical energy distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels experienced during a fault and also on the protective devices used in protecting the distribution network equipment namely; the transformers, the overhead distribution lines, the underground cables and the line compensators and the shunt capacitors commonly used/found on the relatively long rural distribution feeders. The main factors which contribute to the impacts brought by the WTGs integration onto a conventional distribution network are: The location of interconnecting the WTG/s into the distribution feeder; The size/s of the WTG/s in terms of their electrical wattage penetrating the distribution network; And the type of the WTG interfacing technology used labeled/classified as, Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV WTGs. Even though transformers are the simplest and the most reliable devices in an electrical power system, transformer failures can occur due to internal or external conditions that make the transformer incapable of performing its proper functions. Appropriate transformer protection should be used with the objectives of protecting the electrical power system in case of a transformer failure and also to protect the transformer itself from the power system disturbances like the faults. This paper was to investigate the effects of integrating WTGs on a distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse conventional protection coordination scheme. The radial distribution feeder studied was the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder and it was simulated using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software for distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse protection coordination analysis. The IEEE 13 Node radial test feeder In-line transformer studied is a three-phase step down transformer having a star solidly grounded primary winding supplied at and a star solidly grounded secondary winding feeding power at a voltage of . The increase on the short circuit currents at the In-line transformer nodes due to the WTG integration continuously reduces the time coordination margins between the upstream fuse F633 and the downstream fuse F634 used to protect the transformer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kirui, Kemei Peter, David K. Murage, and Peter K. Kihato. "Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators on IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Feeder In-Line Transformer Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.6.1939.

Full text

Abstract:

The ever increasing global demand on the electrical energy has lead to the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) onto the distribution power systems networks to supplement on the deficiencies on the electrical energy generation capacities. The high penetration levels of DGs on the electrical distribution networks experienced over the past decade calls for the grid operators to periodically and critically asses the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations. The assessment on the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations is done by simulating the dynamic response of the network to major disturbances occurring on the network like the faults once the DGs have been connected into it. Connection of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) into a conventional electrical energy distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels experienced during a fault and also on the protective devices used in protecting the distribution network equipment namely; the transformers, the overhead distribution lines, the underground cables and the line compensators and the shunt capacitors commonly used/found on the relatively long rural distribution feeders. The main factors which contribute to the impacts brought by the WTGs integration onto a conventional distribution network are: The location of interconnecting the WTG/s into the distribution feeder; The size/s of the WTG/s in terms of their electrical wattage penetrating the distribution network; And the type of the WTG interfacing technology used labeled/classified as, Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV WTGs. Even though transformers are the simplest and the most reliable devices in an electrical power system, transformer failures can occur due to internal or external conditions that make the transformer incapable of performing its proper functions. Appropriate transformer protection should be used with the objectives of protecting the electrical power system in case of a transformer failure and also to protect the transformer itself from the power system disturbances like the faults. This paper was to investigate the effects of integrating WTGs on a distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse conventional protection coordination scheme. The radial distribution feeder studied was the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder and it was simulated using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software for distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse protection coordination analysis. The IEEE 13 Node radial test feeder In-line transformer studied is a three-phase step down transformer having a star solidly grounded primary winding supplied at and a star solidly grounded secondary winding feeding power at a voltage of . The increase on the short circuit currents at the In-line transformer nodes due to the WTG integration continuously reduces the time coordination margins between the upstream fuse F633 and the downstream fuse F634 used to protect the transformer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Dwivedi, Shailendra. "Implementation of a Microgrid Using Conventional Strategies Despite the Feeder's Unsymmetrical Characteristics." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 3, no. 1 (2020): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.312005.

Full text

Abstract:

Real-time modelling of the IEEE 13-node test feeder is accomplished with the help of a microgrid implementation. As a consequence, a quantified real-time platform is produced. The IEEE standard provides the basis for this paradigm. Solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbine electricity can both be used in microgrids. Both of these are non-conventional sources of energy. Studying how environmental friendly sources can be integrated into the micro-grid and how the micro-grid and system reliability can be evaluated simultaneously is a main goal of this study work. Secondly, we want to learn how to include ecologically friendly sources and analysis into our daily practises. Radial feeders have an imbalance due to renewable energy sources being connected at the appropriate bus. Solar panels and wind turbines are two examples of these green energy options. A microgrid is a self-contained network linked to the main grid through the distribution system. It is possible to run a micro-grid without relying on the main grid, despite its link. In a microgrid scenario, the modelling software Matlab/Simulink is being used to simulate an imbalanced three-phase power supply. Microgrids are equipped with batteries for power storage. Findings show that a number of distinct time-shifting buses have considerably improved their voltage and current profiles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Nishikawa, Kei, Fuka Ikeda, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Strategy for Harmonics Compensation in Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders with Reactive Power Control." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.8.116.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Nishikawa, Kei, Fuka Ikeda, Yuki Okamoto, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Improvement in Harmonic Compensation of a Smart Charger with a Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Strategy for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Energies 11, no. 6 (June 19, 2018): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11061604.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Carpinelli, Guido, Christian Noce, Angela Russo, and Pietro Varilone. "Allocation of Capacitors and Voltage Regulators in Unbalanced Distribution Systems: A Multi-objective Problem in Probabilistic Frameworks." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0106.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Capacitors and series voltage regulators are used extensively in distribution systems to reduce power losses and improve the voltage profile along the feeders. This paper deals with the problem of contemporaneously choosing optimal locations and sizes for both capacitors and series voltage regulators in three-phase, unbalanced distribution systems. This is a mixed, non-linear, constrained, multi-objective optimization problem that usually is solved in deterministic scenarios. However, distribution systems are stochastic in nature, which can lead to inaccurate deterministic solutions. To take into account the unavoidable uncertainties that affect the input data related to the problem, in this paper, we have formulated and solved the multi-objective optimization problem in probabilistic scenarios. To address the multi-objective optimization problem, algorithms were used in which all the objective functions were combined to form a single function. These algorithms allow us to transform the original multi-objective optimization problem into an equivalent, single-objective, optimization problem, an approach that appeared to be particularly suitable since computational time was an important issue. To further reduce the computational efforts, a linearized form of the equality constraints of the optimization model was used, and a micro-genetic algorithm-based procedure was applied in the solution method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kulshrestha, Atul, Om Prakash Mahela, Mukesh Kumar Gupta, Neeraj Gupta, Nilesh Patel, Tomonobu Senjyu, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, and Mahdi Khosravy. "A Hybrid Fault Recognition Algorithm Using Stockwell Transform and Wigner Distribution Function for Power System Network with Solar Energy Penetration." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143519.

Full text

Abstract:

Penetration level of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in the utility network is steadily increasing. This changes the fault level and causes protection problems. Furthermore, multi-tapped structure of distribution network deployed to integrate solar PV energy to the grid and supplying loads at the same time also raised the protection challenges. Hence, this manuscript is aimed at introducing an algorithm to identify and classify the faults incident on the network of utilities where penetration level of the solar PV energy is high. This fault recognition algorithm is implemented in four steps: (1) calculation of Stockwell transform-based fault index (STFI) (2) calculation of Wigner distribution function-based fault index (WDFI) (3) calculation of combined fault index (CFI) by multiplying STFI and WDFI (4) calculation of index for ground fault (IGF) used to recognize the involvement of ground in a fault event. The STFI has the merits that its performance is least affected by the noise associated with the current signals and it is effective in identification of the waveform distortions. The WDFI employs energy density of the current signals for estimation of the faults and takes care of the current magnitude. Hence, CFI has the merit that it considers the current magnitude as well as waveform distortion for recognition of the faults. The classification of faults is achieved using the number of faulty phases. An index for ground fault (IGF) based on currents of zero sequence is proposed to classify the two phase faults with and without the ground engagement. Investigated faults include phase to ground, two phases fault without involving ground, two phases fault involving ground and three phase fault. Fault recognition algorithm is tested for fault recognition with the presence of noise, various angles of fault incidence, different impedances involved during faulty event, hybrid lines consisting of overhead line (OHL) and underground cable (UGC) sections, and location of faults on all nodes of the test grid. Fault recognition algorithm is also tested to discriminate the transients due to switching operations of feeders, loads and capacitor banks from the faulty transients. Performance of the fault recognition algorithm is compared with the algorithms based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Stockwell transform (ST) and hybrid combination of alienation coefficient and Wigner distribution function (WDF). Effectiveness of the fault recognition algorithm is established using a detailed study on the IEEE-13 nodes test feeder modified to incorporate solar PV plant of capacity 1 MW in MATLAB/Simulink. Algorithm is also validated on practical utility grid of Rajasthan State of India.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Three-phase distribution feeders'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles