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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-phase four-leg inverter non-linear loads'
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Oggier, Elias, Fernando Botteron, Jonathan Ochoa Sosa, German Gustavo Oggier, and Guillermo Oscar Garcia. "Digital Control of a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter to Feeds Non-Linear Loads." IEEE Latin America Transactions 19, no. 5 (2021): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2021.9448312.
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Omar, Riyadh, and Rabee Thejel. "Matlab/Simulink Modeling of Four-leg Voltage Source Inverter With Fundamental Inverter output Voltages Vector Observation." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, no. 2 (2014): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.10.2.6.
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Four-leg voltage source inverter is an evolution of the three-leg inverter, and was ought about by the need to handle the non-linear and unbalanced loads. In this work Matlab/ Simulink model is presented using space vector modulation technique. Simulation results for worst conditions of unbalanced linear and non-linear loads are obtained. Observation for the continuity of the fundamental inverter output voltages vector in stationary coordinate is detected for better performance. Matlab programs are executed in block functions to perform switching vector selection and space vector switching.
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Marco, di Benedetto, Tang Mi, Lidozzi Alessandro, Solero Luca, Formentini Andrea, and Zannchetta Pericle. "Resonant and a new disturbance-observer combined control for off-grid voltage source inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 223–36. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp223-236.
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A new control strategy that combines the resonant controller and the repetitive-controller based on the disturbance-observer (RSCDO) for off grid four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) has been presented in this paper. The aim of the new controller is to regulate the inverter output voltage, reducing as much as possible the voltage total harmonic distortion (THDv) in every load condition. The resonant controller allows to adjust the voltage at the fundamental harmonic, while the repetitive observer is able to compensate the voltage distortions due to inverter nonlinearity. The proposed strategy has been at first validated by means of simulation results performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then, the new control strategy has been implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) using LabView environmental and experimental results are performed on the 40 kVA three-phase 4-leg VSI prototype.
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Hurde, Yogeeta, and Nandkishor . "Grid Connected Energy System four leg Inverter for DC Voltage and Power Improvement." IJOSTHE 5, no. 4 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ojssports.v5i4.72.
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The first power systems were DG systems designed to meet the needs of local areas.Full load DG applications showed greater benefits in terms of power and performance as well as reducing transmission losses. GDs are very suitable for a specific location and for specific applications because they require a short construction time and require little investment. It is defined on the basis of the size of the plant, which can vary from a few KW to MW (10-50 MW). GD options can be classified as renewable or non-renewable sources from fuel sources. This study deals with a newly-conceived voltage control method for three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) which are being required in autonomous power generating units devoted to supply both three-phase and single-phase electrical loads
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Benedetto, Marco di, Mi Tang, Alessandro Lidozzi, Luca Solero, Andrea Formentini, and Pericle Zanchetta. "Resonant and a new disturbance-observer combined control for off-grid voltage source inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp223-236.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a new control strategy based on the combination between the resonant controller and the disturbance-observer (RSCDO) for stand-alone four-leg Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The aim of the new controller is to regulate the inverter output voltage, reducing as much as possible the voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THDv) in every load condition. The resonant controller allows to adjust the output voltage fundamental harmonic, whereas the disturbance observer is designed for compensating output voltage harmonics when non-linear loads have to be fed. The proposed control strategy has been tested using a 40 kVA three-phase 4-leg VSI and a dedicated control board, which uses the National Instruments System-on-Module sbRIO-9651. Experimental results demonstrate good behavior of the RSCDO controller to reject the disturbance in the output voltage, as well as a good dynamic response.</span>
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Rami Reddy, K. Venkata, T. Gowri Manohar, and B. Chandra Sekhar. "Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQC." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (2016): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1153-1160.
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This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus application of these control technique such as Artifical Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on MATLAB/SIMULINK<sup>TM </sup>are discussed in detail to support the concept developed in the paper.
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Sun, Shiyi, Qingjun Huang, Bingyang Luo, et al. "An Energy-Feed Type Split-Capacitor Three-Phase Four-Wire Power Electronic Load Compatible with Various Load Demands." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010119.
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Energy-feed power electronic loads can precisely control the phase and magnitude of the power supply output current, achieving the emulation of loads. Moreover, they can feed energy back to the grid for energy regeneration, demonstrating significant research value. This article proposes an energy-fed power electronic load topology and control method that can realize the static and dynamic simulation of linear and non-linear loads and take into account the simulation needs of single-phase, three-phase three-wire, and three-phase four-wire loads. The main circuit uses a two-stage back-to-back AC/DC/AC structure: the front side is a three-phase four-wire split capacitor PWM rectifier bridge, which is used to simulate loads under various operating conditions; the back side is a three-phase three-wire PWM inverter bridge, which realizes the energy feeding back to the grid and reduces the waste of energy; and the intermediate side uses a split capacitor to equalize the voltage and achieve voltage stabilization. The topology is analyzed under the simulation demands of three-phase balanced, three-phase unbalanced, single-phase and non-linear loads. Finally, a MATLAB(R2022a)/Simulink simulation platform is built for a power electronic load with a rated capacity of 200 kVA. The simulation results verify the effectiveness, feasibility, and advancement of the power electronic load proposed in this article.
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Djendaoui, Dahmane, Amar Benaissa, Boualaga Rabhi, and Laid Zellouma. "Self tunning filter for three levels four legs shunt active power filter with fuzzy logic controller." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 3 (2021): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0415.
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The low harmonic distortion and reduced switching losses are the advantages of using the multilevel inverter. For this purpose, the three-level inverter is used in this paper as a three-phase four-leg shunt active power filter (SAPF). The SAPF is used to eliminate the harmonic current to compensate the reactive power current, and to balance the load currents under an unbalanced non-linear load. A fuzzy logic controller and self-tuning filters (STF) are used to control the active power filter (APF) and generate the reference current. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed control strategy, we compared it with a conventional p − q theory, under distortion voltage conditions and unbalanced non-linear load. The Matlab-Simulink toolbox is used to implement the algorithm of Fuzzy logic control. The performance of the SAPF controller is found very effective and adequate as compared with the p − q theory.
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Bhattacharya, Shilpi, Prabal Deb, Sujit K. Biswas, and Ambarnath Banerjee. "Open-Delta VSC Based Voltage Controller in Isolated Power Systems." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 2 (2015): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i2.pp376-386.
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<p>This paper proposes a reduced switch Open-Delta (OD-VSC) voltage controller for an standalone asynchronous generator (SAG), also known as the self-excited induction generator (SEIG),used in constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven isolated induction generator (IAG) for feeding three-phase loads. The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and control the generator terminal voltage as it is subjected to voltage drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various critical loads. Generally this purpose is carried out by a STATCOM comprising of a three-leg six-switch inverter structure. Here, in this work the DSTATCOM is realized using a three-leg four-switch insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based current controlled voltage-sourced converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing two split capacitors. The proposed generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes. The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.</p>
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Mohamed, M. El-sotouhy, A. Mansour Ahmed, I. Marei Mostafa, M. Zaki Aziza, and A. EL-Sattar Ahmed. "Four-leg active power filter control with SUI-PI controller." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 2768–78. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2768-2778.
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Four-leg active power filter is considered one of the greatest vital active filters that are frequently used in industrial applications, especially those that need to be controlled in each individual phase. Also, to control the neutral current that created because of a lot of unbalanced and non-linear loads. In this paper, the used active filter was controlled by a proposed control method which can achieve simplicity and intelligence at the same time. The novelty of this paper is using the proposed controller with Four-leg active power filter. This controller relies on instantaneous reactive power theory, which used to create the required currents that are injected into the network via the used active filter to remove the problems created by unbalanced and nonlinear loads. It is also maintained that the current source a pure sinusoidal wave. The system is implemented on MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results proved the preference of the proposed controller than the conventional proportional-integration controller, where it reduced the percentage of total harmonic distortion for the current source.
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Stephen, Samantha S., Hussain Shareef, Rachid Errouissi, Mahdiyeh Eslami, and Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi. "Disturbance Observer-Based Feedback Linearized Controller for Grid-Forming Four-Leg VSI Supplying Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133319.
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This paper presents the design of a disturbance observer-based controller that regulates the output voltage of three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) deployed for grid-forming operation in Renewable Energy-based Distributed Generation (REDG) Systems. The primary objective of the controller is to provide a symmetric and sinusoidal voltage at the output of the VSI when supplying highly unbalanced and nonlinear loads. The controller employs the feedback linearization (FL) technique and incorporates a disturbance observer (DO) to address a range of disturbances that include oscillations resulting from unbalanced loads, harmonics generated by nonlinear loads, and non-oscillatory disturbances. Notably, the controller adopts a direct control scheme without the need for nested current control loops and does not use any transformation frames. Simulation studies and experimental investigations were conducted to assess the controller’s performance under various load conditions, including both linear and nonlinear types, as well as load transients. The findings demonstrate the controller’s capability to accurately track references while complying with the IEEE power quality standards for the tested conditions.
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Azab, Mohamed. "Low-Cost Active Power Filter Using Four-Switch Three-Phase Inverter Scheme." Electricity 6, no. 1 (2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity6010016.
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Shunt active power filters (SAPFs) have been around for a long time. They improve the quality of a current drawn from the grid when feeding non-linear loads formed by old-fashioned power electronic converters such as uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers. Most SAPFs are implemented using the well-known six-switch three-phase inverter (SSTPI) topology. This paper investigates the capability of adopting the four-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) scheme to develop low-cost SAPFs, mainly for low-power ranges. The performance of the proposed SAPF using the FSTPI topology is compared with the conventional scheme of an SAPF formed by the six-switch three-phase inverter (SSTPI) topology. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted. The performance of the proposed FSTPI-based SAPF is investigated under different loading conditions. The obtained results indicate the validity and effectiveness of the FSTPI scheme in improving the quality of currents drawn from the AC grid. The SAPF scheme investigated is also feasible and results in cost reduction when the SAPF power circuit is constructed with modern WBG devices, such as SiC-based MOSFETs, which are relatively expensive (approximately three times the price of the equivalent Si IGBTs).
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Rito, Gianpietro Di, Aleksander Suti, and Roberto Galatolo. "Fault-tolerant control via four-leg inverter of a full-electric propulsion system for lightweight fixed-wing UAVs." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (2022): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012108.
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Abstract The work deals with the development and the performance characterization of a novel control strategy for the detection, isolation and accommodation of coil faults in a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), used to drive the propeller of a modern lightweight fixed-wing UAV. The health-monitoring algorithms on motor currents (used to detect the open-circuit fault and to activate the control reconfiguration) are based on a slope method, associated to the evaluation of the current phasor trajectory in the Clarke plane. Actually, when an open-circuit fault occurs in PMSM driven by a standard three-leg converter, the typical circular trajectory of the current phasor in the Clarke plane collapses into a linear track and relevant torque ripples are generated. On the other hand, if the PMSM is driven by a four-leg converter, a control reconfiguration can be applied: the fourth leg of the power bridge is in stand-by when the system operates without faults, but it is enabled to regulate the current flowing at the central point of the Y connection of the 3-phase PMSM. The performances of the fault-tolerant algorithms are assessed via detailed nonlinear simulation of the propulsion system (including propeller loads, electrical faults, mechanical transmission compliance, digital signal processing and sensors errors). The results demonstrate that the health-monitoring algorithms and the fault-tolerant control strategies permit to obtain extremely small detection and isolation latencies, and negligible performance degradation in terms PMSM torque.
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Ms., Rohini. R. Dabhade* Prof. C. Veeresh. "RESOLVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS BY UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER (UPQC)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 8 (2016): 63–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59954.
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In this project presents a Design of a Unified Power Quality conditioner (UPQC) connected to three phase four wire system (3P4W). The neutral of series transformer used in the fourth wire for the 3P4W system. The neutral current that may flow toward transformer neutral point is compensated by using a four-leg voltage source inverter topology for shunt part. The series transformer neutral will be at virtual zero potential during all operating conditions. In this simulation we observe the power quality problems such as unbalanced voltage and current, harmonics by connecting non linear load to 3P4W system with Unified Power Quality conditioner. A new control strategy such as unit vector template is used to design the series APF to balance the unbalanced current present in the load currents by expanding the concept of single phase P-Q theory.
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Rani, Sangam Uma, and Dr Sukanth T. "Improvement of Power Quality in Grid Connected Wind Energy System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (2023): 1098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54813.
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Abstract: This research covers industrial plant-connected wind turbine system control. An algorithm permits a control structure that uses a four-leg inverter linked to the grid to inject energy and operate as an active power filter, reducing load current disturbances and improving power quality. Algorithms enable this control structure. A four-wire system considers linear and nonlinear three-phase and single-phase loads. The utility-side controller supplies active and reactive power and adjusts for reactive, nonlinear, and unbalanced single- and intra-phase demands during wind turbine connection. Besides providing power, this is done. If there is no wind power, the controller uses the DC-link capacitor and grid-connected power converter to improve power quality. The proposed control structure is based on conservative power theory decompositions, which distinguishes it from previous techniques. This option separates the inverter control power and current references, giving a broad variety of adaptable, selective, and powerful functions. Real-time software benchmarking has tested the recommended control technique for comprehensive real-time implementation. The real-time simulator "FACTS" and the DSP microcontroller test and implement the control strategy in hardware-in-the-loop. These results confirmed our power quality improvement control, allowing us to omit passive filters. This created an electronic smart grid-based control system that was more efficient, adaptive, and reliable.
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Archana, J., K. Sunil, Sai K. Mohanth, D. Sowmya, and K. Aneela. "A grid-connected DVSI with features to enhance power quality." i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering 10, no. 1 (2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jps.10.1.18831.
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A dual-source voltage inverter system is proposed to improve the power and consistency aspects of using a microgrid. Evaluation of the Proportional Integral (PI), the intelligent Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), and the developed control method is known as the Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory (ISCT). A Dual Voltage Source Inverter (DVSI) uses Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to exchange power and compensate for unbalanced and non-linear loads in the system. The direct-quadrature-zero transformation (Dq0) conversion is used to obtain the positive sequence voltage. To evaluate the system control method, an inverter connected to a three-phase, four-wire distribution combination is used. The proposed system is verified by MATLAB simulation methods using a PI controller and an intelligent FLC system.
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Hajjej, Mohamed, and Lassaad Sbita. "A New Design and Implementation of a Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter for Mitigating Harmonic Problems caused by Compact Fluorescent Lamps." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 3 (2024): 14619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7251.
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The massive embedding of nonlinear loads in industrial, commercial, and residential applications has created severe power quality problems in modern power distribution systems. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs), which have been designed to replace Incandescent Lamps (ILs), due to their lower energy consumption and longer lifetime, are among the most used non-linear loads. These electric devices, equipped with ballasts and power electronic converters, inject harmonic currents, reactive powers, and create unbalance in the electrical system. Active filters are widely implemented to overcome these issues and improve power quality. In this sense, a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) is developed in this paper to eliminate the under-wanted harmonics caused by multiple CFLs and ameliorate the global power factor in 3-phase 4-wire systems. The suggested SAPF is connected in parallel with the loads and it consists of three main blocks, the reference current calculation block, the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), and the VSI control block. The reference currents are calculated following the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory. Meanwhile, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based control is adopted for controlling the switching signals. In order to investigate the efficiency and applicability of the developed 3-phase 4-wire SAPF, different simulations and experimental tests are carried out. The measurements are performed by employing a power analyzer and are analyzed with the Power Pad III software. The obtained results disclosed that the proposed SAPF reduced the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the CFL current from 89.6% to 1.62% and improved the power factor.
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SINCHUK, Igor, and Maryna KOTIAKOVA. "STUDY OF NON-SYMMETRICAL MODES OF THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIRE NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 313, no. 5 (2022): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-313-5-233-237.
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The use of distributed generation electric energy sources allows efficient use of energy resources, including available renewable energy sources, contributes to the reduction of harmful emissions during traditional electric energy generation, improves the quality of electric energy for consumers and reduces overloading of transmission lines. Meanwhile, if the load supplied by the source of distributed generation is asymmetrical, then the voltage at the zero point of the inverter interface feeding the neutral conductor can deviate quite noticeably from the set level. The easiest way to provide a neutral point for connecting the neutral conductor is to use two capacitors with balancing resistors connected in parallel to them, that is, to create a zero voltage by dividing the total voltage of the direct current link in half. Circuits with voltage separation in the direct current circuit are widely used in electric drives with three-level energy converters, since in this case there is no need to connect the zero point of the direction to the load, and the main purpose of this electrical circuit is to obtain equal halves of the total voltage in the direct current circuit. This will lead to asymmetry of the output voltage, that is, to a decrease in its quality, the presence of significant constant components in alternating voltages, as well as to the flow of a significant current in the neutral conductor. In this regard, a three-dimensional space-vector pulse-width modulation method was proposed for controlling a four-arm inverter, which differs from the existing ones by the possibility of minimizing the components of negative and zero-sequence voltages in networks with distributed generation with parallel connection of three- and four-arm inverters . To develop approaches to control the inverters of such systems, it is necessary to obtain analytical dependencies that describe the flow of active and reactive power between inverters depending on the parameters of their generated output voltages.
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Albatran, Saher, Issam A. Smadi, and Mohammad A. Alsyouf. "Experimental Validation of Shared Inverter Topology to Drive Multi AC-Loads." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (2018): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp793-805.
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Many reduced-switch-count (RSC) inverter topologies have been proposed in the literature. As the number of switches required to produce a set of voltages in RSC inverters are less than that in conventional inverter, as a result utilizing RSC inverters in a certain system reduces its size and cost. In this paper, a novel RSC shared inverter topology consisting of fifteen switches and capable of driving four three-phase AC-loads independently is proposed and experimentally verified. A carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique that employs the zero-sequence-signal injection principle is developed to drive the proposed inverter along with adequate DC voltage bus utilization between the shared loads for common frequency (CF) as well as different frequency (DF) modes. The structure and the principle of operation of the proposed inverter are introduced and intensively verified using simulation and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-in-the-loop simulation under linear and nonlinear loads. Then, Inverter prototype was built and the proposed inverter has been verified experimentally. The experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed inverter and the employed PWM.
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Saher, Albatran, A. Smadi Issam, and A. Alsyouf Mohammad. "Experimental Validation of Shared Inverter Topology to Drive Multi AC-Loads." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (2018): 793–805. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp793-805.
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Many reduced-switch-count (RSC) inverter topologies have been proposed in the literature. As the number of switches required to produce a set of voltages in RSC inverters are less than that in conventional inverter, as a result utilizing RSC inverters in a certain system reduces its size and cost. In this paper, a novel RSC shared inverter topology consisting of fifteen switches and capable of driving four three-phase AC-loads independently is proposed and experimentally verified. A carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique that employs the zero-sequence-signal injection principle is developed to drive the proposed inverter along with adequate DC voltage bus utilization between the shared loads for common frequency (CF) as well as different frequency (DF) modes. The structure and the principle of operation of the proposed inverter are introduced and intensively verified using simulation and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-in-the-loop simulation under linear and nonlinear loads. Then, Inverter prototype was built and the proposed inverter has been verified experimentally. The experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed inverter and the employed PWM.
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Zhang, Hengkang, Fusheng Wang, Guorui Liu, Wei Wu, and Qingfeng Zuo. "Neutral-point voltage balancing method for three-phase four-leg three-level ANPC inverter based on modulation waveform splitting." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2918, no. 1 (2024): 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2918/1/012013.
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Abstract A neutral-point (NP) voltage balancing method based on modulation wave splitting is proposed for a three-phase four-leg (3P4L) three-level (3L) active NP clamped (ANPC) inverter. According to the principle of changing the NP current by adjusting the o-state duty cycle, the NP current injected by each carrier period is made zero by splitting the modulation waveforms of the mid-phase and N-phase. This approach eliminates low-frequency fluctuation in NP voltage under various load conditions. On this basis, according to the inverter operating state and limiting conditions, the output o-state duty cycle of the modulation wave for the intermediate phase and N-phase is adjusted to suppress the NP voltage deviation caused by various non-ideal factors. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation.
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Lazi, Jurifa Mat, Zulkifilie Ibrahim, Md Hairul Nizam Talib, Auzani Jidin, and Ahmad Shukri Abu Hasim. "Non-independent speed control for dual-PMSM drives using a single three-leg VSI." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (2020): 1717–24. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1717-1724.
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The objective of this article is to analyze the performances of non-independent speed control of dual-pmsm (permanent magnet synchronize motor) drives by a single three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) using control of mean and differential torque technique. In general, there are two types of control strategies for dual-motor drives. One is master-slave technique and another one is mean control technique. For mean control technique, this study chooses mean and differential approach for the motors parameters and using average value for the voltage space vector. The advantages of dual-motor drives fed by a single inverter topology are, it can decrease the size and cost compared to the dual-motor drives which used by individual inverter, either in industrial or in traction applications. However, by using a single three-phase inverter, the topology only restricted for the same operating conditions which are at the same speed, same parameters and same direction. The dual-motors are dependent (non-independent) on the other motor. It is can only be tested on different load operation. The analysis is focuses on speed and load variation for dual-PMSM drives considering the forward and reverse operations of the motor. This simulation model is modelled using MATLAB-Simulink.
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Manoj Kumar, Manjathu Valappil, and Mahesh Kumar Mishra. "Three‐leg inverter‐based distribution static compensator topology for compensating unbalanced and non‐linear loads." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 11 (2015): 2076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0044.
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Rishi Kumar Singh, Mohd Navaid Ansari,. "Application of D-STATCOM for Harmonic Reduction using Power Balance Theory." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 2496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.5694.
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In modern power systems due to prolific use of non-linear devices harmonics are present in the distribution system. To reduce the harmonics and source neutral current D-FACT along with a star-delta transformer and Power Filter is proposed in shunt. In this article, the three phase load has been taken from NTS Industries, which deals with FMCG products. This system includes 3 phase 3 wire system having industrial load such as mixer grinder, pulverizer, packaging machine, etc. A star-delta transformer along with three leg voltage source inverter and a capacitor used to filter out harmonics present in supply current. Power balance theory is used to control the D-FACT. A MATLAB Simulink model was created and the results were discussed.
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Semenenko, Olexandr, Yurii Semenenko, and Mykola Odiegov. "APPLICATION OF SOFT SWITCHING IN THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE INVERTERS OF TRACTIONAL ROLLING STOCK." Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 208 (June 28, 2024): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.208.2024.308754.
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Autonomous voltage inverters with PWM, which are used in electric drive systems with brushless motors, occupy an important place in the complex of electrical equipment of modern traction rolling stock of railways. The article presents the results of the research of the traction three-phase bridge voltage inverter with soft switching of power switches. Using the soft switching mode allows you to reduce the switching losses in the power transistors of the keys, increase the PWM frequency and improve other performance indicators of the converter. It is advisable to implement soft switching in the key transistors of the three-phase voltage inverter using soft switching nodes with fast-acting four-quadrant switches based on IGBT. It is proposed to consider the possibility of using transistor switches of a voltage inverter with capacitive non-dissipative snubbers at high PWM frequencies. For this purpose, a synthesis of the scheme and algorithm for the implementation of soft switching in a three-phase bridge voltage inverter with bipolar sinusoidal PWM with soft switching nodes with high-speed four-quadrant switches based on IGBT was performed. An analysis of the characteristics of the three-phase voltage inverter was carried out when using high-speed switches in the soft switching nodes to implement soft switching in the power transistors of the inverter switches.On the basis of the study, it is proposed to modernize the scheme of the soft switching unit in order to provide better preparation for the switching of the power transistors of the keys at large load currents. The improved soft switching unit includes low-voltage sources of constant voltage, which will compensate for energy losses in the recharging circuit of the snubber capacitors and contribute to the soft switching on of the power transistors of the voltage inverter keys. The performance test was carried out and the characteristics of the converter were analyzed when using a modernized soft switching node using simulation modeling in the MATLAB package.
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Mat Lazi, Jurifa, Zulkifilie Ibrahim, and Md Hairul Nizam Talib. "Non-independent speed control for dual-PMSM drives fed by a single three-leg VSI." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (2020): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1717-1724.
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<span>The objective of this article is to analyze the performances of Non-Independent Speed Control of Dual-PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronize Motor) Drives by a single Three-Leg Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) using control of Mean and Differential Torque technique. In general, there are two types of control strategies for Dual-Motor drives. One is Master-Slave technique and another one is Mean Control technique. For mean control technique, this study chooses mean and differential approach for the motors parameters and averaging the voltage space vector. The advantages of Dual-Motor drives fed by a single inverter topology are, it can reduce size and cost compared to the Dual-motor drives fed by individual inverter, either in industrial or in traction applications. However, by using a single three-phase inverter, the topology only restricted for the same operating conditions which are at the same speed, same parameters and same direction. The dual-motors are dependent (non-independent) on the other motor. It is can only be tested on different load operation. The analysis is focuses on speed and load variation for Dual-PMSM drives considering the forward and reverse operations of the motor. This simulation model is modelled using MATLAB-Simulink.</span>
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Preeti, Gangashetty A., and Anbalagan Karthikeyan. "Finite control set model predictive control of three-port converter for interfacing a PV–battery energy storage system to a three-phase stand-alone AC system." Clean Energy 8, no. 2 (2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkae006.
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Abstract This paper proposes a multiport bidirectional non-isolated converter topology that provides advantages in terms of simultaneous multiple operations, single-stage conversion, high power density and reduced power losses due to the lower number of switches. The proposed multiport converter uses a centralized non-linear controller known as a finite control set model predictive controller to manage the flow of power between different ports. It deals with the parallel operation of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems for stand-alone alternating current (AC) systems. The converter connects the lower voltage battery to the photovoltaic port using a bidirectional buck/boost converter and the photovoltaic port is linked to the stand-alone AC load through a three-phase full-bridge inverter. Each leg of the three-phase converter will act as a bidirectional direct current (DC)/DC converter as well as an inverter simultaneously. Only six switches manage the power transfer between all the connected ports of photovoltaic–battery energy storage system linked to the stand-alone AC load. The proposed multiport converter is mathematically modelled and controlled by a finite control set model predictive controller. The system is validated in simulation (1-kW rating) and experimental environment (200-W rating). The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory and the controller is implemented on the field-programmable gate array board. Two independent case studies are carried out to validate the efficacy of the system. The first scenario is for a change in solar irradiance, while the second scenario is for a change in the output load.
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Freitas, Stefani, Luis Carlos Oliveira, Priscila Oliveira, Bruno Exposto, José Gabriel Pinto, and Joao L. Afonso. "New Topology of a Hybrid, Three-Phase, Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031384.
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With a view to reducing harmonic content in electrical power systems, and, consequently, improving power quality level, filters and other harmonic compensation devices are widely used. In the category of filters, they can be distinguished into two classes that are related to the operating mode, active or passive, both widely known and applied in electrical power grids and in the most diverse industry sectors. In this sense, taking into account the use of compensating devices in four-wire electrical systems feeding single-phase, non-linear loads, this paper presents a new hybrid arrangement of harmonic compensation that incorporates both active and passive filtering, which performs all functions concerning the harmonic compensation of a four-leg shunt active power filter. In this hybrid arrangement, the harmonic filtering of positive and negative sequence components is performed by a three-leg shunt active power filter, while the filtering of zero-sequence harmonics is attributed to the electromagnetic zero-sequence suppressor. The results, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid arrangement, are proven through simulations and experimental tests in different operating scenarios, revealing a substantial improvement in the system’s power factor, as well as a reduction in harmonic distortions.
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Kulathilaka, M. J. S., S. Saravanan, H. D. H. P. Kumarasiri, V. Logeeshan, S. Kumarawadu, and Chathura Wanigasekara. "NILM for Commercial Buildings: Deep Neural Networks Tackling Nonlinear and Multi-Phase Loads." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153802.
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As energy demand and electricity costs continue to rise, consumers are increasingly adopting energy-efficient practices and appliances, underscoring the need for detailed metering options like appliance-level load monitoring. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is particularly favored for its minimal hardware requirements and enhanced customer experience, especially in residential settings. However, commercial power systems present significant challenges due to greater load diversity and imbalance. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel neural network architecture that combines sequence-to-sequence, WaveNet, and ensembling techniques to identify and classify single-phase and three-phase loads using appliance power signatures in commercial power systems. Our approach, validated over four months, achieved an overall accuracy exceeding 93% for nine devices, including six single-phase and four three-phase loads. The study also highlights the importance of incorporating nonlinear loads, such as two different inverter-type air conditioners, within NILM frameworks to ensure accurate energy monitoring. Additionally, we developed a web-based NILM energy dashboard application that enables users to monitor and evaluate load performance, recognize usage patterns, and receive real-time alerts for potential faults. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of our approach to enhance energy management and conservation efforts in commercial buildings with diverse and complex load profiles, contributing to more efficient energy use and addressing climate change challenges.
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Li, Hui, Yue Qu, Junwei Lu, and Shuang Li. "A Composite Strategy for Harmonic Compensation in Standalone Inverter Based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control." Energies 12, no. 13 (2019): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132618.
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This paper proposes a harmonic compensation control with disturbance rejection function for a standalone inverter. Due to the LC type three-phase three-leg inverter is connected to nonlinear loads, low-order harmonic components appears in the inverter output current. These harmonic current generate harmonic voltage drops when flowing through the filter inductor and the feeder impedance, which causes the output voltage of the inverter distorted. In order to compensate harmonics and produce sinusoidal voltage without additional compensation devices, virtual harmonic impedance method can be added to the fundamental voltage control. Due to the compensation effect of virtual harmonic impedance are very sensitive to the fluctuation of filter inductance. Therefore, inductance variation, as a disturbance in physical system, should be considered. In this paper, linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is proposed in the fundamental voltage control loop to reduce the sensitivity of virtual harmonic impedance and decouple the model. Compared with traditional dual-loop PI control, the proposed strategy has faster dynamic response in control performance and fewer acquisition modules in engineering applications. The whole design process of virtual harmonic impedance and stability analyses of this strategy are provided. The simulation and experiment results show the good performance of the proposed strategy.
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Hasanzad, Fardin, Hasan Rastegar, and Mohammad Pichan. "A three-dimensional active zero state PWM for common-mode voltage reduction of a three-phase four-leg voltage-source inverter." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 5 (2018): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2017-0423.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the common-mode voltage (CMV) issue of a three-phase four-leg voltage-source inverter. A new space vector modulation method, named as three-dimensional active zero state Pulse-width modulation (PWM) (3-D AZSPWM), is proposed to reduce the CMV level. Design/methodology/approach PWM is a general method to generate the switching signals of the power converters in order to obtain high-quality output voltages. However, the CMV produced by PWM methods has become a serious problem. 3-D AZSPWM is proposed to solve this issue. In 3-D AZSPWM, instead of using zero voltage vectors with high CMV level, appropriate complementary non-zero vectors are introduced to synthesize reference vector. The proposed method is classified into four types of AZSPWM1(a), AZSPWM1(b), AZSPWM2(a) and AZSPWM2(b) based on different complementary vectors chosen for each type. An extend software simulation using MATLAB/Simulink is performed to verify the superior performance of the proposed methods. Findings Compared to other reduced CMV methods, the proposed method not only reduces the CMV but also retains the positive characteristics of the three-dimensional classical space vector PWM (3-D CSVPWM). Originality/value The proposed method does not suffer from linear modulation region limitation and also does not impose additional switching loss. Furthermore, calculated output voltage harmonic distortion factor illuminates acceptable quality of output voltage produced by the proposed method.
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Artemenko, M. Yu, V. V. Chopyk, V. M. Mikhalsky, I. A. Shapoval, and S. Y. Polishchuk. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE POWER OF THE IMBALANCE OF THE THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIRE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR THE NEEDS OF ITS DISTRIBUTED COMPENSATION." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 2 (2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.02.012.
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The idea of distributed active filtration is to compensate for the currents of higher harmonics and undesirable components of the power of the main network with inverters of renewable energy converters of the connected microgrid, which have reserves of apparent power. For the convenience of distributed compensation, it is proposed to identify the sinusoidal mode of the three-phase four-wire power system, provided that the symmetric source is six mutually orthogonal components of the three-coordinate vector of line currents. The power of imbalance is shown to be due to four mutually orthogonal components of the three-coordinate vector of line currents with defined reference voltage vectors, each of which is proportional to a separate orthogonal component of the power of imbalance. Integral formulas for determining the scalar values of the four specified orthogonal components of imbalance powers have been obtained, which open the possibility of accounting for their contribution to the deterioration of the quality of electrical energy and the synthesis of control signals for active distributed filtration. The connection between the four specified orthogonal components of the power of imbalance and the parameters of the linear unbalanced load was established, which made it possible to verify these integral formulas using a computer experiment. It is analytically established and experimentally confirmed that the squares of the two orthogonal components of the imbalance powers associated with the current of the neutral wire are included in the decomposition of the square of apparent power and power losses with the multiplier, depending on the ratio of the resistances of the transmission line of the three-phase four-wire power system. References 17, figures 3.
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Hoon, Yap, and Mohd Mohd Radzi. "PLL-Less Three-Phase Four-Wire SAPF with STF-dq0 Technique for Harmonics Mitigation under Distorted Supply Voltage and Unbalanced Load Conditions." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082143.
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This paper presents a non-iterative technique that generates reference current to manage operation of a three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter which employs a three-leg split capacitor voltage source inverter (VSI) topology. The proposed technique integrates together a self-tuning-filter (STF) and direct-quadrature-zero (dq0) principle (referred here as STF-dq0), allowing the controlled shunt active power filter (SAPF) to perform effectively under distorted source voltages and unbalanced load conditions. Unlike the previous technique developed based on the standard dq0 principle, the proposed technique does not require any service from a phase-locked loop (PLL) where two STFs are applied to separate harmonic and fundamental elements for the purpose of generating synchronization phases and reference current, respectively. Simulation work which includes connection of the SAPF circuits, design of control techniques and all the necessary assessments are conducted in MATLAB-Simulink platform. Performance achieved by the SAPF while utilizing the proposed technique is thoroughly investigated and benchmarked with that demonstrated by the SAPF while using the standard dq0 technique, to evaluate the inherent advantages. Exhaustive simulation results are provided and thoroughly discussed to support design concept, effectiveness, and benefits of the proposed technique.
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Prasad, Miska, and Ashok Kumar Akella. "Comparison of DSTATCOM Performance for Voltage Sag Alleviation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i2.pp305-316.
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<p><em>This paper describes the comparative analysis of three different control techniques of distributed flexible AC transmission system (DFACTS) controller called as distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM), </em><em>aimed at power quality (PQ) enhancement in terms of voltage sag mitigation in a three-phase four-wire (3p4w) distribution system. A DSTATCOM is one of the major power quality improvement devices which consist of a DC energy source, a voltage source inverter (VSI), a filter, a coupling transformer and the control system. The control strategy based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory, instantaneous active and reactive current (IARC) theory and propositional-integral (PI) controller has been used for reference current generation of voltage source inverter (VSI) based DSTATCOM. The SRF, IARC and PI control based DSTATCOM is validated through dynamic simulation in a MATLAB\SIMULINK environment under linear as well as nonlinear loads.</em></p>
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Fereidouni, Alireza, Mohammad A. S. Masoum, and Moayed Moghbel. "Power Quality Improvement Using an Enhanced Network-Side-Shunt-Connected Dynamic Voltage Restorer." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 16, no. 5 (2015): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0019.
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Abstract Among the four basic dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) topologies, the network-side shunt-connected DVR (NSSC-DVR) has a relatively poor performance and is investigated in this paper. A new configuration is proposed and implemented for NSSC-DVR to enhance its performance in compensating (un)symmetrical deep and long voltage sags and mitigate voltage harmonics. The enhanced NSSC-DVR model includes a three-phase half-bridge semi-controlled network-side-shunt-connected rectifier and a three-phase full-bridge series-connected inverter implemented with a back-to-back configuration through a bidirectional buck-boost converter. The network-side-shunt-connected rectifier is employed to inject/draw the required energy by NSSC-DVR to restore the load voltage to its pre-fault value under sag/swell conditions. The buck-boost converter is responsible for maintaining the DC-link voltage of the series-connected inverter at its designated value in order to improve the NSSC-DVR capability in compensating deep and long voltage sags/swells. The full-bridge series-connected inverter permits to compensate unbalance voltage sags containing zero-sequence component. The harmonic compensation of the load voltage is achieved by extracting harmonics from the distorted network voltage using an artificial neural network (ANN) method called adaptive linear neuron (Adaline) strategy. Detailed simulations are performed by SIMULINK/MATLAB software for six case studies to verify the highly robustness of the proposed NSSC-DVR model under various conditions.
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Meshcheryakov, V. N., and A. S. Belousov. "Development of a control algorithm for the three-phase inverter of the two-phase electric drive for reducing the number of switching elements." Vestnik IGEU, no. 3 (2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.3.049-061.
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High overload capacity and ability to control speed in a wide range are important requirements for modern electric drives. Introduction of a low-power adjustable two-phase electric drive with these properties into me-chanical devices is limited by the frequency converter function to convert a three-phase network into a two-phase one when the unit power of such mechanisms increases. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to use a standard frequency converter with a three-phase bridge voltage inverter applying a new control algorithm based on space-vector PWM. When PWM is used, the switching frequency of the key inverter elements remains quite high, strictly specified, non-amenable to reduction without degrading the harmonic composition. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm for two-phase electric drive control that would reduce the number of switching operations of the switch elements of a three-phase inverter with-out increasing the deviations of the instantaneous values of the phase currents from the reference sine curve. The study employed provisions of the theory of automatic control, the theory of electric drive and methods of mathematical modeling. The simulation object was the control system of a two-phase motor; the elements of the Matlab Simulink software package were used. An algorithm has been proposed for operating a three-phase inverter of a two-phase electric drive system. The difference of the algorithm from the well-known control system of a standard bridge inverter with space vector PWM consists in using phase current control relays and dividing the period of sinusoidal phase currents into four sections ensuring a decrease in the number of switching operations of the inverter switch elements when the maximum instantaneous deviations of current values from a sinusoidal reference are equal, the starting torque of the motor is stabilized and the speed control is smooth. The results show that with an equal maximum deviation of the instantaneous current values from a given sinusoidal value, the number of switching operations of the inverter switch elements in the proposed system is smaller than in the known analogues. The electric drive system ensures the start of a two-phase motor with stabilization of the starting torque under increased load. The considered system of variable frequency control with current control relays can be used for two-phase electric drives of mechanical devices and household electric appliances and is promising as a substitute for less cost-effective single-phase and capacitor motors.
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Zamzami, Safitri Nelly, and Fauzi. "Non-uniform Rooftop PVs Distribution Effect to Improve Voltage Profile in Residential Feeder." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 16, no. 4 (2018): 1388–95. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i4.7789.
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This paper presents the simple design of a grid-tied single-phase with distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) non-uniformly location and ratings. All the inclusion components in the developed scheme are estimated and defined as the inevitability of low voltage (LV) residential network. This developed scheme is purposed for allocating AC and DC load, which are divided into four steps: the sized determination of PV inverter (1-5kW), the selection of PV array, the size determination of battery and the selection of other supporting components. The purposed configuration consists of modeling the system with non-uniform distributions of rooftop PVs, modeling the rooftop PVs based on their injected active and reactive power, and finally the inclusion of battery storage, based on its state of charge (SOC). Due to test the configuration, several cases are built in the MATLAB platform. Simulation results have been generated and analyzed for an unbalanced three-phase residential feeder which is populated with rooftop PVs and battery storage (BS). The simulation results show that the unbalanced reduction due to the coordinate of PVs and BS that provided educated energy storage when the unequal loadings are there, have significant effect toward the anxiety of the distribution network are successfully done.
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Aldwin, Carolyn M., Nuoo-Ting Molitor, Avron Spiro, Michael R. Levenson, John Molitor, and Heidi Igarashi. "Do Stress Trajectories Predict Mortality in Older Men? Longitudinal Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/896109.
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We examined long-term patterns of stressful life events (SLE) and their impact on mortality contrasting two theoretical models: allostatic load (linear relationship) and hormesis (inverted U relationship) in 1443 NAS men (aged 41–87 in 1985;M= 60.30, SD = 7.3) with at least two reports of SLEs over 18 years (total observations = 7,634). Using a zero-inflated Poisson growth mixture model, we identified four patterns of SLE trajectories, three showing linear decreases over time with low, medium, and high intercepts, respectively, and one an inverted U, peaking at age 70. Repeating the analysis omitting two health-related SLEs yielded only the first three linear patterns. Compared to the low-stress group, both the moderate and the high-stress groups showed excess mortality, controlling for demographics and health behavior habits, HRs = 1.42 and 1.37,ps<.01and<.05. The relationship between stress trajectories and mortality was complex and not easily explained by either theoretical model.
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Sekhar Mishra, Chandra, Ranjan Kumar Jena, and Soumya Ranjan Nayak. "PQ improvement of Micro-Grid by Using DG and Power Quality Conditioner with BESS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15577.
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DG Grid interfaced system has been focused through this paper. The objective is to improve power quality of the grid, which was polluted by various means. The improvement of power quality of the micro grid includes uses of a specially designed DG, BESS and Power Quality conditioner. The system consists of a two-stage power conversion. Solar PV supplies power for both DC and AC loads. Manufacturer datasheet is used for modeling the PV panel. In order to keep the BUS voltage stable a BESS is joined to DC BUS through power electronic converter, which is used to absorb the excess power whenever production is high and deliver power to the load on low production. The system continues to supply the local loads, incase of grid discontinuity. Thus it eliminates threats of islanding. This paper also focuses on control and stability of DC bus voltage and energy management scheme. The project uses Matlab/Simulink platform for efficient verification. For power quality improvement of Micro Grid it uses 3leg inverter, which is coupled with SPV and MPPT with Battery storage, which is used as compensator for the whole system. For prevention to reduce voltage current and power flow between DG and Grid, it is necessary to have an optimum control. Through the adjustment of power circulation between shunt paired DG ensures current voltage and power on micro grid. +ve, -ve and Zero sequence components of currents and voltage can be adjusted by the suggested methodology in Grid tied DG system. The said PQC have multiple uses. Firstly as a power converter and secondly as a shunt APF for harmonic compensation on voltage, current and power (both active and reactive) for both balanced and unbalanced loads in the Grid tied DG system. It also cares for the neutral conductor. Either individually or in grid connected mode all the above objectives can be achieved. For the entire Grid, it is realized that after compensation three phase four wired un-balance loads looks as balanced linear resistive load for the Grid. All these task significantly replicated on MATLAB/Simulink. After compensation the total harmonic distortion on input voltage and current reduced drastically. IEEE519 in the range of 5% suitably accepts it.
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Chandran, Dr S. Ravi. "Buck and Boost Inverter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (2021): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36644.
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Abstract: A versatile operation of any electronic circuitry depends on the power source supplying the power for its operation. The buck converter is implemented using an integrated circuit(IC), LM317. The constructed buck converter was tested for load and line regulation cited in the datasheets for stability. The test and analysis for the linear buck converter was done using setup. The output measurements indicate that the power supply is functional. The measured output values results of the test circuit. The developed output power supply unit is important in measurements, laboratories and test setup. It is implemented for all general applications that require power supply unit. XL6009 module is a DC to DC BUCK-BOOST converter module that operates at a switching frequency of 400kHz. In such high frequency, it provides smaller sized filter components compared with low frequency switching regulators. An improved SingleStage Buck-Boost inverter is provided, using only three or four power semiconductor switches. The inverter can handle a wide range of dc input voltages and produce a fixed ac output voltage. The inverter is well suited to distributed power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power and fuel cells, for standalone or grid connected applications. The inverter has a single charge loop, a positive discharge loop and a negative discharge loop. In this complete design of the converter is carried out. This application report gives details regarding this conversion with examples
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Mirgorodskaya, Ekaterina E., Nikita P. Mityashin, Mikhail E. Mamonychev, Yury B. Tomashevsky, and Ivan I. Artyukhov. "MULTILEVEL INVERTER TO GENERATE VOLTAGE WITH COMPLEX HARMONIC COMPOSITION." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 4 (December 25, 2024): 45–59. https://doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2024-4-45-59.
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The paper deals with the problem of forming the desired and controllable harmonic composition of the output curve of a multilevel voltage inverter. The problem is relevant when creating installations for multi-frequency induction heating and metal melting. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective method to form the output voltage of power sources for multi-frequency induction heating installations, the curve of which has a given harmonic spectrum. Materials and methods. The theoretical part of the work was carried out on the basis of the circuit base of multi-level voltage inverters and switching DC converters using numerical analytical methods of studying nonlinear electrical circuits, methods of solving nonlinear differential equations and approximate harmonic analysis, as well as simulation modeling methods using the MATLAB/Simulink mathematical package. Experimental verification of the theoretical results was carried out in laboratory conditions on the example of a multi-level inverter generating a voltage curve with three operating harmonics. ACS758 series sensors and a four-channel RIGOL DS1104Z digital oscilloscope were used to record the results. Research results. Achieving of the purpose is based on the use of a universal multilevel voltage inverter, the circuit scheme of which does not depend on the levels number of the generated curve, which ensures a minimum number of power elements for any complexity of the curve spectrum. The method of forming of the output curve of this inverter consists in alternately connecting of the output capacitors of two direct voltage impulse converters to the input of a single-phase bridge voltage inverter using a transistor switch. In this case, voltages of different parity levels are formed by capacitors in the order of their succession, as a result of which a constant-sign multilevel voltage is formed on the input of the bridge inverter, corresponding to the required alternating-sign multilevel voltage. The law of the transistor switching of the bridge inverter ensures the conversion of its input voltage into a load voltage with a given harmonic composition. The peculiarity of the developed converter control method is that the transistor switching of the bridge inverter is carried out in accordance with the change in the sign of the generated curve. The method contains an algorithm to determine levels values formed by capacitors of impulse converters that realizes the required spectrum of the inverter output curve. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by computer modeling of the converter when voltage with four working harmonics of the spectrum (i.e. the required spectrum harmonics) is generated. The quality indicators of the realized spectrum of the voltage curve are proposed and the analysis results of the influence of the levels number on values of these indicators are presented. The efficiency of the proposed methods is demonstrated experimentally with a laboratory model of the converter. Conclusions. The paper proposes a method to form the output voltage of a power source, the curve of which has a given harmonic, the efficiency of which is confirmed by the results of computer modeling and laboratory experiments. The proposed technical solutions made it possible to generate an output voltage, the spectrum of the curve of which contains four or more harmonics with specified amplitudes with a minimum number of power elements of the circuit. The paper also proposes models of quality indicators of the realized spectrum of the voltage curve and presents the results of the analysis of the influence of the number of levels on the values of these indicators. The developed methodology allows the development in the direction of controlling the spectrum of the generated voltage in real time, as well as non-periodic alternating voltage that changes according to a given program in accordance with the requirements of the technological process.
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Faris, Asaad Abdulmunem, and Mokif Obais Abdulkareem. "Design of a continuously and linearly controlled VSI-based STATCOM for load current balancing purposes." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 183–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp183-198.
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In this paper, load current balancing are reviewed in both three-wire and 4- wire systems taking into account linearity, harmonics injection, and control schemes. A linearized static compensator (STATCOM) based on H-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposed STATCOM is controlled in closed loop mode via equipping it with a new current controller. The DC capacitor voltage of the STATCOM is kept constant without using external energy injection or storage devices via shunting the DC capacitor with a suitable series filter. The simulation results of the current responses of the 220V, 50Hz STATCOM reveal continuous and linear performance during responding to reactive current demands from 123A inductive current to 227A capacitive current. The transition time required for the proposed STATCOM during treatment of a sudden change in reactive current demand from maximum inductive current to maximum capacitive current is less than 40ms. The steady state portions of the STATCOM current responses show pure sinusoids, thus the proposed STATCOM can be promoted as harmonic free static Var compensator. The closed loop continuous mode control and the considerable linearity of the proposed STATCOM promot it as a bipolar susceptance (capacitive and inductive) in applications of load current balancing systems in both three and four wire power systems.
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Abdulmunem, Faris Asaad, and Abdulkareem Mokif Obais. "Design of a continuously and linearly controlled VSI-based STATCOM for load current balancing purposes." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp183-198.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, load current balancing are reviewed in both three-wire and 4-wire systems taking into account linearity, harmonics injection, and control schemes. A linearized static compensator (STATCOM) based on H-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposed STATCOM is controlled in closed loop mode via equipping it with a new current controller. The DC capacitor voltage of the STATCOM is kept constant without using external energy injection or storage devices via shunting the DC capacitor with a suitable series filter. The simulation results of the current responses of the 220V, 50Hz STATCOM reveal continuous and linear performance during responding to reactive current demands from 123A inductive current to 227A capacitive current. The transition time required for the proposed STATCOM during treatment of a sudden change in reactive current demand from maximum inductive current to maximum capacitive current is less than 40ms. The steady state portions of the STATCOM current responses show pure sinusoids, thus the proposed STATCOM can be promoted as harmonic free static Var compensator. The closed loop continuous mode control and the considerable linearity of the proposed STATCOM promot it as a bipolar susceptance (capacitive and inductive) in applications of load current balancing systems in both three and four wire power systems.
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Geddada, Nagesh, and Mahesh Kumar Mishra. "LCL Filter with Active Damping using PI and SSI Regulators in Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame Current Controller for DSTATCOM." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 4 (2013): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0057.
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Abstract This article proposes a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with interface LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter for load compensation in three-phase four-wire distribution system. DSTATCOM, consisting of voltage source inverter (VSI), is connected in parallel to the load and injects currents corresponding to load reactive, harmonic powers. But this injected current consists of unnecessary high-frequency switching ripple generated by VSI. This LCL filter has superior switching ripple attenuation capability compared to L filter. Moreover, this can be achieved with small value of overall LCL filter inductance than L filter. Thus providing high slew rate for output current to track the desired reference current closely, reducing voltage drop across it, as well as cost and size of filter. However, one major concern with LCL filter is its resonating frequency (determined from its L, C, L values), which can create high-resonance oscillating currents and results in improper load compensation. Therefore, in this study, proper design of LCL filter with high switching ripple attenuation and a current controller with proportional integral (PI) plus harmonic compensation (HC) regulators along with active damping feature of LCL filter in synchronous rotating reference (dq0) frame are presented. HC regulator minimizes the steady-state error in the non-sinusoidal filter currents (fundamental and harmonic) which are tracked by the VSI. Active damping feature (obtained by capacitor current feedback control of LCL filter) is used to overcome resonance oscillations and provides proper control, operation of DSTATCOM under steady-state and dynamic load conditions. Stability studies for designed LCL filter and current controller using Bode and root locus plots are also performed and presented. Extensive simulation study, to understand the compensation performance of LCL filter DSTATCOM with two types of current controllers (PI and PI plus HC) under steady-state and dynamic load conditions, is carried out in PSCAD simulator and the corresponding results along with THDs of various parameters are presented.
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Liao, Wenli, Qipeng Cai, Xiangyu Guo, Hao Lin, Jiajin Zhou, and Shizhuo Su. "Experimental Study on the Uplift Bearing Capacity of Pre-Drilled Planted Piles in Isolated Stone Strata Based on Transparent Soil Technology." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010304.
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The presence of isolated stones in the soil layers of engineering sites has significantly increased. Currently, the existing methods for dealing with isolated stones are inadequate to meet engineering needs. This paper combines pile-planting technology with isolated stones to incorporate them into the load-bearing system, resulting in a new type of pre-drilled composite pile suitable for isolated stone sites. A visualization testing system for pile-soil deformation is developed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology and transparent soil, conducting non-intrusive model tests on pile-planting and boulder-capped piles under different uplift load conditions, and comparing the results with a discrete-continuous coupled three-dimensional numerical model analysis. The results indicate that when an isolated stone with a cross-sectional area four times that of the pile exists at the pile tip, the ultimate pullout bearing capacity of the pile increases by a factor of two. Regarding the distribution of internal and external side friction resistances of the core and outer concrete of the piles, the internal friction resistance of piles without isolated stones is approximately 1.47 times that of the external friction resistance and about 0.8 times the ratio of the diameters of the pile and core. For piles with isolated stones at the tip, the internal friction resistance is approximately 1.37 times that of the external friction resistance. Under the ultimate load, the displacement field around the pile without an isolated stone exhibits an “inverted triangular” distribution; the displacement field around the pile with an isolated stone at the tip exhibits a “trapezoidal” distribution. This study investigates the bearing capacity and load transfer mechanisms of the new pre-drilled composite piles in isolated stone engineering sites, and the research findings may provide new solutions for similar construction projects involving rubble reclamation.
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Patel, Ranjeeta, and Anup Kumar Panda. "Real Time Harmonic Mitigation Using Fuzzy Based Highly Reliable Three Dual-Buck Full-Bridge APF for Dynamic Unbalanced Load." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 19, no. 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2017-0167.
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Abstract This study presents a highly reliable 3-phase 4-wire, three dual-buck full-bridge shunt active power filter (3 DB FB APF) for distribution system. The proposed topology uses three single phase dual buck full bridge inverter sharing the same dc-link capacitor with high utilization of dc-bus voltage. The dual buck inverter circuit composed of one power switch and one diode leg instead of two power switches conventional inverter leg effectually eliminate the undesirable “shoot-through” phenomenon occurs in conventional inverter circuit. The fuzzy and adaptive hysteresis current controller based id-iq control strategy has been adopted to generate optimized switching frequency. For validation, the proposed topology is implemented in the OPAL-RT LAB using OP5142-Spartan 3 FPGA. The dynamic performance of the proposed 3 DB FB APF is assessed for sinusoidal, unbalanced and non-sinusoidal voltage source condition with unbalanced non-linear load that is when both three-phase and single-phase loads are present in the system. Besides, the results with proportional-integral (PI) controller are compared with FLC in terms of harmonic compensation. Furthermore, a comparison has been made between split capacitor dual buck half bridge active power filter (2C DB HB APF) and proposed 3 DB FB APF based on switch power rating.
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Yash, Pal, A.Swarup, and Singh Bhim. "A Control Strategy Based on UTT and ISCT for 3P4W UPQC." International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences 4.0, no. 3 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327881.
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This paper presents a novel control strategy of a threephase four-wire Unified Power Quality (UPQC) for an improvement in power quality. The UPQC is realized by integration of series and shunt active power filters (APFs) sharing a common dc bus capacitor. The shunt APF is realized using a thee-phase, four leg voltage source inverter (VSI) and the series APF is realized using a three-phase, three leg VSI. A control technique based on unit vector template technique (UTT) is used to get the reference signals for series APF, while instantaneous sequence component theory (ISCT) is used for the control of Shunt APF. The performance of the implemented control algorithm is evaluated in terms of power-factor correction, load balancing, neutral source current mitigation and mitigation of voltage and current harmonics, voltage sag and swell in a three-phase four-wire distribution system for different combination of linear and non-linear loads. In this proposed control scheme of UPQC, the current/voltage control is applied over the fundamental supply currents/voltages instead of fast changing APFs currents/voltages, there by reducing the computational delay and the required sensors. MATLAB/Simulink based simulations are obtained, which support the functionality of the UPQC. MATLAB/Simulink based simulations are obtained, which support the functionality of the UPQC.
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Selvakumar, K., R. Palanisamy, M. Kannan, et al. "Cone-structured seven-level boost inverter topology for improvising power quality using online monitoring controller scheme for DSTATCOM application." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (October 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1026240.
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In this article, a seven-level triple-time voltage-boosting topology (8S7L-TTB) is proposed, which has eight switches as the minimum. This topology is used as DSTATCOM to eliminate power-quality issues. In a three-phase four-wire distribution system, specific unpredictable issues have emerged through the increase of unbalanced linear and non-linear loads, which has caused various drawbacks such as voltage imbalance, poor voltage regulation, increased reactive components, and harmonics generation, through which the life period of the system has been minimized, undesirable heating has been produced, and the RMS voltage has been reduced. Hence, it is highly essential to eliminate the issues as mentioned earlier. In this research, a PV-based DSTATCOM is introduced for online-monitoring adaptive Chebyshev neural network controller with triple-boost inverter topology. The three-phase system’s D-Q components, which have been continuously extracted under instant-loading conditions, and the reference magnitude, have been compared through the proposed controller. The error signal is received from the adaptive Chebyshev neural network controller, through which the proposed inverter-switching devices are triggered with multi-carrier pulse width-modulation technique are used to compute the THD of 2.79%. Furthermore, this proposed seven-level inverter and controller have solved the aforementioned problems and maintained the floating capacitor’s voltage nearly as similar as the source voltage in different loading conditions to ensure the efficiency of the system is at 96.82%. To ensure its suitability in real-time, the proposed controller is simulated with MATLAB software and validated through the downscale experimental setup and the results are observed.
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Dr.DURGAM, KUMARASWAMY, BABU P.RAJAN, and KUMAR Dr.K.VINAY. "HIGH POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN 3-PHASE WITH 4-WIRE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TO GRID INTER CONNECTION." June 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15201327.
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Abstract: Considering a rapid increase in the use of power electronic converters in distribution systems, renewable energy resources (RES) are becoming more and more integrated. Our study provides a thorough, cutting-edge control method for grid-interfacing inverters installed in three-phase, four-wire distribution systems to maximize their performance. In addition to its active power filtering capabilities, an inverter can be used as a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF), which can both replenish current imbalances and inject energy from renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid, and as a power converter. Specifically with current harmonics. By using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software the new concept is demonstrated for the user friendly control where the grid-interfacing inverter paired with a three-phase, four-wire linear or non-linear unbalanced load at the common coupling point appears to be a balanced linear load.
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"Design and Construction of Model Battery Charging Control for Stand-alone self-Excited Induction Generator." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (2019): 3706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l2652.1081219.
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In this paper, design and construction of model battery charging control for stand-alone wind driven self-excited induction generator SEIG) is present. Apart from an energy transfer function from wind turbine (WT) with stand-alone SEIG, the proposed model battery charging control can also be an active power in linear loads with stand-alone for a three-phase four wire system. Initially, mathematical modeling of the wind turbine with stand-alone SEIG is given. The simulation based on mathematical equations obtained from the model provides electrical characteristics of the wind turbine source that which will be use as the battery charging control input of the inverter. Secondly, the main system has been virtually create in order to actualize the conversion from DC to AC and the main power circuit employs insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) formed in a three-phase full bridge. Thirdly, the control circuit is discuss and has been design and the control method used is voltage control with microcontroller for stand-alone linear loads that is simple. Finally, the obtained results are discusses in order to verify the correct operation as the system is designed.