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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-phase four-leg inverter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Silva, José Francisco Resende da, Fábio Ferreira, Hugo Miranda, et al. "Microgrid Application of Four-Leg Three-phase Inverter." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 7, no. 12 (2020): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.712.34.

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2

Su, Ming, Xue Yan Ma, and Yan Sun. "The Control Technology of the Z-Source Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter Based on Computer Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.688.

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Z-source inverter can boost the voltage of the DC-side, allow the two switches of the same leg conducting at the same time and it has some other advantages. The zero-sequence current flows through the fourth leg of the three-phase four-leg inverter so the three-phase four-leg inverter can work with unbalanced load. This paper presents a Z-source three-phase four-leg inverter which combines a Z-source network with three-phase four-leg inverter. The circuit uses simple SPWM modulation technique and the fourth leg uses fully compensated control method. The inverter can maintain a symmetrical output voltage when the proposed scheme under the unbalanced load.

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3

Chebabhi, Ali, Mohammed-Karim Fellah, Mohamed-Fouad Benkhoris, and Abdelhalim Kessal. "Sliding mode controller for four leg shunt active power filter to eliminating zero sequence current, compensating harmonics and reactive power with fixed switching frequency." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 12, no. 2 (2015): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1502205c.

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In this paper, the four leg inverter controlled by the three dimensional space vector modulation (3D SVM) is used as the shunt active power filter (SAPF) for compensating the three phase four wire electrical network, by using the four leg inverter with 3D SVM advantages to eliminated zero sequence current, fixed switching frequency of inverter switches, and reduced switching losses. This four leg inverter is employed as shunt active power filter to minimizing harmonic currents, reducing magnitude of neutral wire current, eliminating zero sequence current caused by nonlinear single phase loads and compensating reactive power, and a nonlinear sliding mode control technique (SMC) is proposed for harmonic currents and DC bus voltage control to improve the performances of the three phase four wire four leg shunt active power filter based on Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory in the dq0 axes, and to decoupling the four leg SAPF mathematical model.

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4

Hadidian Moghaddam, Mohammad Jafar, Akhtar Kalam, Mohammad Reza Miveh, et al. "Improved Voltage Unbalance and Harmonics Compensation Control Strategy for an Isolated Microgrid." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102688.

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This paper suggests an enhanced control scheme for a four-leg battery energy storage systems (BESS) under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions operating in the isolated microgrid. Simplicity, tiny steady-state error, fast transient response, and low total harmonic distortion (THD) are the main advantages of the method. Firstly, a new decoupled per-phase model for the three-phase four-leg inverter is presented. It can eliminate the effect of power stage coupling on control design; thus, the three-phase four-leg power inverter can be viewed as three single input single output (SISO) control systems. Then, using an improved orthogonal signal generation method, the per-phase model of the four-leg inverter in the stationary and synchronous frame is derived. As the second step, a per-phase multi-loop control scheme for the four-leg inverter under unbalanced load conditions is suggested. The proposed control strategy has the ability to provide balanced output voltages under unbalanced load conditions by avoiding the need to deal with the symmetrical components. Finally, a multi-resonant harmonic compensator is used to actively prevent low-order harmonic currents to distort the output voltages of the three-phase four-leg grid-forming power converter. Simulations results are also presented to verify the performance of the suggested control strategy.

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5

Rivera, Marco, Venkata Yaramasu, Ana Llor, Jose Rodriguez, Bin Wu, and Maurice Fadel. "Digital Predictive Current Control of a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 11 (2013): 4903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2219837.

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6

Meng, Wei, Lei Meng, and Chang Zhe Chen. "Design and Control Scheme of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.445.

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With the development of power electronics technology, a variety of unbalanced load are connected to the grid, causing the grid voltage imbalance and power quality decline, seriously affect the user's normal use. Traditional three-leg inverter can output three-phase symmetrical voltage in the case of three-phase symmetrical load. But it is difficult to output three-phase symmetrical voltage when the three-phase load is asymmetric. In order to solve the impact of unbalanced load on the power quality, the three-phase four-leg inverter which is obtained with the addition of a bridge arm on the basis of traditional three-leg inverter is adopted in this paper. Therefore, the three-phase symmetrical voltage can be acquired in the case of unbalanced load, at the same time, with the advantages of simple structure, small size, light weight, higher voltage utilization.

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7

ÖZDEMİR, Ayhan, and Zekiye ERDEM. "Optimal digital control of a three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 24 (2016): 2220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1310-102.

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8

Wang, Rutian, Fuxu Wang, Haining Pan, and Sutong Liu. "Hybrid Pulse Width Modulation Strategy of a High-Frequency Link Three-Phase Four-Leg Matrix Converter Based on Compensation Theory." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010039.

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A high-frequency link (HFL) three-phase four-leg matrix converter (MC) can output three-phase balanced voltage for unbalanced load conditions. It is an inverter with great development potential. This paper presents a hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) strategy for a four-wire matrix converter based on the fourth bridge leg compensation method. Firstly, the rear-stage topology of a high-frequency link three-phase four-leg matrix converter is decoupled into two sets of ordinary three-phase four-wire inverters. Then the compensation strategy is applied to separate the fourth bridge leg from the coupling of the ordinary inverter and realize its independent control. Under the theory of compensation, the fourth bridge leg plays a role in compensating the deviation of the neutral point potential when the load is unbalanced, the fourth bridge leg does not need to work when the load is balanced. Finally, the fourth bridge leg modulation wave obtained by the compensation method is combined with the front three bridge leg modulation waves to perform the coupling control using the hybrid pulse width modulation strategy. It has changed the problem that the previous hybrid pulse width modulation strategy cannot be directly applied to the four-wire matrix converter. This strategy is simple to control, without adding any auxiliary commutation detection circuitry, can effectively solve the inherent commutation problem in the bidirectional switch tube of the four-wire matrix converter. It simplifies the complexity of the system, reduced control cost, and high switching loss caused by high switching frequency. The fast adjustment function of compensation strategy makes the dynamic response performance of system under load fluctuation state more prominent, the harmonic distortion rate is smaller. The perfect combination of two strategies allows the high-frequency link three-phase four-leg matrix converter with any form of load to give full play to its structural advantages. The related work verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the modulation method and control logic.

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9

Min, Jing Yan, and Hong Bing Chen. "Research on Modify Proportion-Integration Control Strategy of Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7305.

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A general PI control algorithm is not a perfect solution to control ac signal. Because it is not able to eliminated steady-state error. The radical reason of the problem is investigated in few literatures. So the reason is explored, and an important conclusion is reached. The conclusion is that zero steady-state error control is obtained when the control algorithm has infinite gain at the excited frequency. Based on this conclusion, a modified PI algorithm is proposed for a four-leg inverter. The method that parameters of the modified PI algorithm are defined is given. To control the component in the 0 axis, the virtual component leading the component in the 0 axis by 90 degree is constructed. So the unified control algorithm is implemented in reference frame. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been investigated and verified through simulation.

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10

Guo, Xiaoqiang, Ran He, Jiamin Jian, Zhigang Lu, Xiaofeng Sun, and Josep M. Guerrero. "Leakage Current Elimination of Four-Leg Inverter for Transformerless Three-Phase PV Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 3 (2016): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2477539.

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11

Jegal, Jun-Hyeok, Minho Kwon, Chang-Yeol Oh, Kiryong Kim, and Jong-Pil Lee. "Implementation of three-phase four-leg inverter using SiC MOSFET for UPS applications." Journal of Power Electronics 21, no. 1 (2020): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43236-020-00173-w.

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12

Kim, Soo Yeon, Sung Geun Song, and Sung Jun Park. "Minimum Loss Discontinuous Pulse-Width Modulation Per Phase Method for Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 122923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3006245.

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13

Mandrioli, Riccardo, Aleksandr Viatkin, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051434.

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This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments.

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14

Oggier, Elias, Fernando Botteron, Jonathan Ochoa Sosa, German Gustavo Oggier, and Guillermo Oscar Garcia. "Digital Control of a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter to Feeds Non-Linear Loads." IEEE Latin America Transactions 19, no. 5 (2021): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2021.9448312.

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15

Bhattar, Chandrakant L., and Vilas N. Ghate. "A New Control Algorithm for Three-Phase, Four-Wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in Distributing Systems." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6731.

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This paper presents the new control algorithm for three-phase, four-wire distributing system using unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The UPQC, a combination of series and shunt active filter (AF) with common dc link, is one of the best solution towards the compensation of voltage sag, swell problems and also compensate voltage flicker/imbalance, reactive power, negative sequence current and maintain zero voltage regulation (ZVR) at the point of common coupling (PCC) on distribution system. The series AF is seen by using a three-phase, three leg voltage source inverter (VSI) and the shunt AF is of a three-phase, four leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposed model of the UPQC is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the simulation results prove the power quality improvement in the system.

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16

Kamil, Haval Sardar, Dalila Mat Said, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, Mohammad Reza Miveh, and Nasarudin Ahmad. "Low-voltage ride-through for a three-phase four-leg photovoltaic system using SRFPI control strategy." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (2019): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1524-1530.

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With the innovative progresses in power electronics in recent years, photovoltaic (PV) systems emerged as one of the promising sources for electricity generation at the distribution network. Nonetheless, connection of PV power plants to the utility grid under abnormal conditions has become a significant issue and novel grid codes should be recommend. The low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability is one of the challenges faced by the integration of PV power stations into electrical grid under abnormal conditions. This work firstly provides a discussion on recent control schemes for PV power plants to enhance the LVRT capabilities. Next, a control scheme for a three-phase four-leg grid-connected PV inverter under unbalanced grid fault conditions using synchronous reference frame proportional integral (SRFPI) controller is proposed. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the influence of the control strategy on the PV inverter.

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17

Hurde, Yogeeta, and Nandkishor . "Grid Connected Energy System four leg Inverter for DC Voltage and Power Improvement." IJOSTHE 5, no. 4 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ojssports.v5i4.72.

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The first power systems were DG systems designed to meet the needs of local areas.Full load DG applications showed greater benefits in terms of power and performance as well as reducing transmission losses. GDs are very suitable for a specific location and for specific applications because they require a short construction time and require little investment. It is defined on the basis of the size of the plant, which can vary from a few KW to MW (10-50 MW). GD options can be classified as renewable or non-renewable sources from fuel sources. This study deals with a newly-conceived voltage control method for three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) which are being required in autonomous power generating units devoted to supply both three-phase and single-phase electrical loads

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18

Zhang, Min, David J. Atkinson, Bing Ji, Matthew Armstrong, and Mingyao Ma. "A Near-State Three-Dimensional Space Vector Modulation for a Three-Phase Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 11 (2014): 5715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2297205.

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19

Guo, Xiaoqiang, Yong Yang, Baocheng Wang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Leakage Current Reduction of Three-Phase Z-Source Three-Level Four-Leg Inverter for Transformerless PV System." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 7 (2019): 6299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2873223.

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20

Han, Jungho, and Joongho Song. "Control of the Neutral Leg in Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter Using Proportional-Resonant Controller." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 29, no. 2 (2015): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2015.29.2.054.

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21

Gu, Ling, and Wei Zhu. "Single‐stage high‐frequency‐isolated three‐phase four‐leg buck–boost inverter with unbalanced load." IET Power Electronics 13, no. 1 (2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0436.

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22

Sun, Yuge, Xitong Niu, Chuanlin Zhang, and Nannan Jiang. "Finite-time composite control scheme for three-phase four-leg inverter under variable operating conditions." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 22 (2019): 8287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.1060.

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23

Liu, Zeng, Jinjun Liu, and Jin Li. "Modeling, Analysis, and Mitigation of Load Neutral Point Voltage for Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 5 (2013): 2010–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2207653.

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24

Zhang, Fanghua, and Yangguang Yan. "Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Control Scheme on a Three-Phase Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 24, no. 7 (2009): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2009.2014378.

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25

Kim, Gyeong-Hun, Chulsang Hwang, Jin-Hong Jeon, Jong-Bo Ahn, and Eung-Sang Kim. "A novel three-phase four-leg inverter based load unbalance compensator for stand-alone microgrid." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 65 (February 2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.09.035.

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26

Chen, Hong Bing, and Xing Zhang. "Reseach on Control Strategy Based on p-q-r Theory for Four-Leg Grid-Connected Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1099.

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The mathematical model for three-phase four-leg grid-connected inverter is modeled by the simplified p-q-r theory. The control strategy is proposed based on the characteristic of controlled variables. PI algorithm is adopted for variables of p axis and q axis, and PR algorithm is adopted for variable of r axis. The full design and analysis of the proposed control algorithms are given in this paper. Simulation results and experimental result show that quality of four-leg grid-connected inverter output current is higher, and effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is validated by all results.

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27

Luo, Yixiao, Chunhua Liu, Feng Yu, and Christopher H. T. Lee. "Design and Evaluation of an Efficient Three-Phase Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverter with Reduced IGBTs." Energies 10, no. 4 (2017): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10040530.

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28

Nian, Heng, Yuming Liao, Meng Li, Dan Sun, Yunyang Xu, and Bin Hu. "Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Three-Phase Four-Leg Grid-Connected Inverter Considering Zero-Sequence." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 83676–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3087331.

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29

Hossein Karimi, Mohammad, Seyed Abbas Taher, and Josep M. Guerrero. "Independent predictive control with current limiting capability of three-phase four-leg inverter-interfaced isolated microgrids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 134 (January 2022): 107457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107457.

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30

S, Renukadevi, and Rathinakumar M. "Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives During Voltage Sag." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (2016): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1393-1401.

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<p>This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed, voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter , single phase two leg Vienna rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are simulated using Matlab /Simulink. </p>

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31

Rami Reddy, K. Venkata, T. Gowri Manohar, and B. Chandra Sekhar. "Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQC." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (2016): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1153-1160.

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This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus application of these control technique such as Artifical Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on MATLAB/SIMULINK<sup>TM </sup>are discussed in detail to support the concept developed in the paper.

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32

Doan, Van-Tuan, Ki-Young Kim, Woojin Choi, and Dae-Wook Kim. "Design of a Hybrid Controller for the Three-phase Four-leg Voltage-source Inverter with Unbalanced Load." Journal of Power Electronics 17, no. 1 (2017): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2017.17.1.181.

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33

Zhang, Li, Michael J. Waite, and Benjamin Chong. "Three‐phase four‐leg flying‐capacitor multi‐level inverter‐based active power filter for unbalanced current operation." IET Power Electronics 6, no. 1 (2013): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2012.0317.

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34

Chen, Yihan, Honghao Guo, HaiXiao Ma, and Yan Zhou. "Circulating current minimisation of paralleled 400 Hz three-phase four-leg inverter based on third harmonics injection." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 13 (2018): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.0031.

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35

Tan, Cuilan, Qihong Chen, Keliang Zhou, and Liyan Zhang. "A Simple High-Performance Current Control Strategy for V2G Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter With LCL Filter." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 5, no. 3 (2019): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2019.2936684.

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36

Dadu, Abdul Mannan, Saad Mekhilef, and Tey Kok Soon. "Lyapunov model predictive control to optimise computational burden, reference tracking and THD of three‐phase four‐leg inverter." IET Power Electronics 12, no. 5 (2019): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5732.

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37

Chen, Yihan, Honghao Guo, Haixiao Ma, Yan Zhou, and Jiawei Chen. "Circulation suppression of synchronous/interleaving paralleled 400 Hz three‐phase four‐leg inverter based on third harmonics injection." IET Power Electronics 12, no. 14 (2019): 3624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5737.

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38

Ozdemir, Ayhan, and Zekeriya Ozdemir. "Digital current control of a three‐phase four‐leg voltage source inverter by using p – q – r theory." IET Power Electronics 7, no. 3 (2014): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0254.

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39

Miveh, Mohammad Reza, Mohd Fadli Rahmat, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, Ali Asghar Ghadimi, and Alireza Rezvani. "An Improved Control Strategy for a Four-Leg Grid-Forming Power Converter under Unbalanced Load Conditions." Advances in Power Electronics 2016 (August 29, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9123747.

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This paper proposes an improved multiloop control strategy for a three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) operating with highly unbalanced loads in an autonomous distribution network. The main objective is to balance the output voltages of the four-leg inverter under unbalanced load conditions. The proposed control strategy consists of a proportional-integral (PI) voltage controller and a proportional current loop in each phase. The voltage controller and the current control loop are, respectively, used to regulate the instantaneous output voltage and generate the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage command with zero steady-state tracking error and fast transient response. A voltage decoupling feedforward path is also used to enhance the system robustness. Since the outer voltage loop operates in the synchronous reference frame, tuning and stability analysis of the PI controller is far from being straightforward. In order to cope with this challenge, the stationary reference frame equivalent of the voltage controller in the rotating frame is derived. Subsequently, a systematic design based on a frequency response approach is provided. Simulation results are also carried out using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy.

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40

DAGOMIS, IVANILES PUTRA UTAMA, and LEONARDUS HERU PRATOMO. "Inverter 5-Tingkat Tiga Fasa Empat Kawat menggunakan STM32F407 untuk Catu Daya Mandiri." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 9, no. 1 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v9i1.177.

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ABSTRAKSalah satu energi terbarukan adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS), yang menggunakan photovoltaic (PV) sebagai sarana konversi energi. Untuk mendapatkan daya maksimal, menggunakan konverter DC-DC beralgoritma maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Sistem di Indonesia menggunakan tiga fasa empat kawat (TFEK), sehingga sistem perlu diintegrasi menjadi satu, dikenal dengan nama konversi dua tahap. Masalah yang muncul adalah konverter TFEK lazim diimplementasi menggunakan konverter daya empat lengan, di mana setiap lengannya terdapat dua buah sakelar daya. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan sistem pensaklaran yang tinggi, tapis dan stress tegangan yang besar untuk mendapatkan THD rendah. Oleh karena itu, telah diteliti inverter TFEK menggunakan 5-level inverter. Metode modulasi lebar pulsa digital sinusoidal (MLPDS) digunakan untuk mengendalikan setiap sakelar (IRFP 460) dengan menggunakan mikrokontrol jenis STM32F407. Verifikasi menggunakan perangkat lunak PSIM dan prototype. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, metode yang dilakukan mampu menghasilkan arus dan tegangan keluaran inverter TFEK dengan THD tegangan sebesar 4,38%.Kata kunci: Inverter 5-tingkat, Tiga fasa empat kawat, STM32F407, THD ABSTRACTOne of the renewable energy is solar power plant (PLTS), which uses photovoltaic (PV) as a means of energy conversion. To get maximum power, use a DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The system in Indonesia uses three-phase four-wires (TPFW), the system needs to be integrated into one, as two-stage conversion. The problem is that TPFW converters are commonly implemented using four-leg power converter, where each leg has two power switches. This will result in high switching system, large filters, and stress voltage to get low THD. Hence, the TPFW inverter 5-level inverter has been investigated. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) method is used to control each switch (IRFP 460) using an STM32F407 microcontroller. Verification with PSIM software and prototype. Based on the results, the method used can produce the current and output voltage of the TPFW inverter with a voltage THD of 4.38%.Keywords: five-level inverter, three-phase four-wire, STM32F407, THD

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Hasanzad, Fardin, Hasan Rastegar, and Mohammad Pichan. "A three-dimensional active zero state PWM for common-mode voltage reduction of a three-phase four-leg voltage-source inverter." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 5 (2018): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2017-0423.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the common-mode voltage (CMV) issue of a three-phase four-leg voltage-source inverter. A new space vector modulation method, named as three-dimensional active zero state Pulse-width modulation (PWM) (3-D AZSPWM), is proposed to reduce the CMV level. Design/methodology/approach PWM is a general method to generate the switching signals of the power converters in order to obtain high-quality output voltages. However, the CMV produced by PWM methods has become a serious problem. 3-D AZSPWM is proposed to solve this issue. In 3-D AZSPWM, instead of using zero voltage vectors with high CMV level, appropriate complementary non-zero vectors are introduced to synthesize reference vector. The proposed method is classified into four types of AZSPWM1(a), AZSPWM1(b), AZSPWM2(a) and AZSPWM2(b) based on different complementary vectors chosen for each type. An extend software simulation using MATLAB/Simulink is performed to verify the superior performance of the proposed methods. Findings Compared to other reduced CMV methods, the proposed method not only reduces the CMV but also retains the positive characteristics of the three-dimensional classical space vector PWM (3-D CSVPWM). Originality/value The proposed method does not suffer from linear modulation region limitation and also does not impose additional switching loss. Furthermore, calculated output voltage harmonic distortion factor illuminates acceptable quality of output voltage produced by the proposed method.

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Djendaoui, Dahmane, Amar Benaissa, Boualaga Rabhi, and Laid Zellouma. "Self tunning filter for three levels four legs shunt active power filter with fuzzy logic controller." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 3 (2021): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0415.

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The low harmonic distortion and reduced switching losses are the advantages of using the multilevel inverter. For this purpose, the three-level inverter is used in this paper as a three-phase four-leg shunt active power filter (SAPF). The SAPF is used to eliminate the harmonic current to compensate the reactive power current, and to balance the load currents under an unbalanced non-linear load. A fuzzy logic controller and self-tuning filters (STF) are used to control the active power filter (APF) and generate the reference current. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed control strategy, we compared it with a conventional p − q theory, under distortion voltage conditions and unbalanced non-linear load. The Matlab-Simulink toolbox is used to implement the algorithm of Fuzzy logic control. The performance of the SAPF controller is found very effective and adequate as compared with the p − q theory.

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ÖZDEMİR, Ayhan, İrfan YAZICI, and Zekiye ERDEM. "Model-reference sliding mode control of a three-phase four-leg voltage source inverter for stand-alone distributed generation systems." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 23 (2015): 1817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1403-25.

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Li, Botong, Jianfei Jia, and Shimin Xue. "Study on the Current-Limiting-Capable Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter in Low-Voltage Network." Energies 9, no. 9 (2016): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9090726.

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Dadu, Abdul, Saad Mekhilef, Tey Soon, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, and Ben Horan. "Near State Vector Selection-Based Model Predictive Control with Common Mode Voltage Mitigation for a Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." Energies 10, no. 12 (2017): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10122129.

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Tan, Kuang-Hsiung, Faa-Jeng Lin, and Jun-Hao Chen. "A Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter-Based Active Power Filter for Unbalanced Current Compensation Using a Petri Probabilistic Fuzzy Neural Network." Energies 10, no. 12 (2017): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10122005.

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VIJAYAKUMAR, M., and S. VIJAYAN. "THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIRE PV-BASED SERIES HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 10 (2014): 1450144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501448.

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This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV)-based three-phase four-wire (3P4W) series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) it comprises of a series active power filter (SAPF) and an LC shunt passive filter. The proposed system eliminates both the current and voltage harmonics and compensates reactive power, neutral current and voltage interruption. A SAPF demands a source of energy for compensating the voltage sag/swell. This system introduces a new topology for SHAPF utilizes the PV with DC–DC boost converter as a source of DC power for SAPF. The compensation current reference evaluation is based on the twin formulation of the vectorial theory of electrical power theorem with fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PV array/battery managed DC–DC boost converter is employed to step up the voltage to meet the DC bus voltage requirement of the three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI). The foremost benefit of the proposed system is that, it will provide uninterrupted compensation for the whole day. This system utilizes the renewable energy accordingly saves the energy and shares the load during the solar irradiation available. The simulation and experimental studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PV-SHAPF.

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Ahmed, Emad M., Mokhtar Aly, Ahmed Elmelegi, Abdullah G. Alharbi, and Ziad M. Ali. "Multifunctional Distributed MPPT Controller for 3P4W Grid-Connected PV Systems in Distribution Network with Unbalanced Loads." Energies 12, no. 24 (2019): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244799.

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The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems with three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution networks has imposed several challenges related to existing unbalanced loads, reactive power generation and harmonics content. In this paper, a multifunctional distributed maximum power point (MPPT) controller for grid integration of PV systems is proposed. The proposed distributed MPPT controller is developed based on employing a four-leg three-level T-type multilevel inverter. The proposed inverter performs multifunctionalities, including distributed MPPT, neutral current compensation for the unbalanced loads, supplying reactive power into the grid and the grid integration. Moreover, the proposed inverter overcomes the stochastic behavior of both the PV generation with partial shading problems and its operation with unbalanced loads as well. Furthermore, the new proposed controller injects sinusoidal output currents with decreased levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) into the grid. The tested case study is investigated for the various operating scenarios of PV generation and load demands. The results and tabulated performance comparisons have proven the superior performance of the proposed multifunctional PV generation system. The results show the ability of the proposed controller to efficiently extract distributed MPPT for all PV modules at all the tested scenarios. Additional improvement of the energy efficiency is achieved through the elimination of the neutral current due to existing unbalanced loads.

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Avci, Emre, and Mehmet Ucar. "Proportional multi‐resonant‐based controller design method enhanced with a lead compensator for stand‐alone mode three‐level three‐phase four‐leg advanced T‐NPC inverter system." IET Power Electronics 13, no. 4 (2020): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0765.

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Hoon, Yap, and Mohd Mohd Radzi. "PLL-Less Three-Phase Four-Wire SAPF with STF-dq0 Technique for Harmonics Mitigation under Distorted Supply Voltage and Unbalanced Load Conditions." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082143.

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This paper presents a non-iterative technique that generates reference current to manage operation of a three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter which employs a three-leg split capacitor voltage source inverter (VSI) topology. The proposed technique integrates together a self-tuning-filter (STF) and direct-quadrature-zero (dq0) principle (referred here as STF-dq0), allowing the controlled shunt active power filter (SAPF) to perform effectively under distorted source voltages and unbalanced load conditions. Unlike the previous technique developed based on the standard dq0 principle, the proposed technique does not require any service from a phase-locked loop (PLL) where two STFs are applied to separate harmonic and fundamental elements for the purpose of generating synchronization phases and reference current, respectively. Simulation work which includes connection of the SAPF circuits, design of control techniques and all the necessary assessments are conducted in MATLAB-Simulink platform. Performance achieved by the SAPF while utilizing the proposed technique is thoroughly investigated and benchmarked with that demonstrated by the SAPF while using the standard dq0 technique, to evaluate the inherent advantages. Exhaustive simulation results are provided and thoroughly discussed to support design concept, effectiveness, and benefits of the proposed technique.

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