Academic literature on the topic 'Three Phase Load Unbalance'

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Journal articles on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Durgayandi, Ravichandran, and Muruganantham Narayanan. "Effect of harmonics on reduction of unbalance in three-phase four wire composite network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp24-32.

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The unbalanced current drawn by the composite loads in small-scale industries is mainly due to single-phase loads. Any operation of single-phase loads will cause unbalance of current and produce distortion due to non-linear loads. The neutral current is increased and voltage at the load end is reduced due to an increase in unbalanced linear loads. Industries find it difficult to balance the load and control the neutral current. To overcome the problem, this work aims to add a passive network in different configurations along with shunt active power filter. A set of linear and non-linear loads
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Ravichandran, Durgayandi, and Narayanan Muruganantham. "Effect of harmonics on reduction of unbalance in three-phase four wire composite network." Effect of harmonics on reduction of unbalance in three-phase four wire composite network 30, no. 1 (2023): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp24-32.

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The unbalanced current drawn by the composite loads in small-scale industries is mainly due to single-phase loads. Any operation of single-phase loads will cause unbalance of current and produce distortion due to non-linear loads. The neutral current is increased and voltage at the load end is reduced due to an increase in unbalanced linear loads. Industries find it difficult to balance the load and control the neutral current. To overcome the problem, this work aims to add a passive network in different configurations along with shunt active power filter. A set of linear and non-linear loads
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Kastawan, I. Made Wiwit, Parno Raharjo, and Mutiara Zahra Kurnia. "Effect of voltage supply unbalance on temperature distribution of three-phase induction motor." E3S Web of Conferences 479 (2024): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447901005.

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Three-phase induction motor is the most popular kind of electric motor used in industrial applications. To operate in ideal condition, a three-phase induction motor should work on balance three-phase voltage supply. Unfortunately, it is often found that a three-phase induction motor operates under unbalance three-phase voltage supply. A three-phase induction motor operate under unbalance three-phase voltage supply shows different performances to that operate under balance three-phase voltage supply. In this paper, effect of three-phase voltage supply unbalance on temperature distribution of a
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Li, Yongxia, and Yulei Gong. "Design of Three Phase Load Unbalance Automatic Regulating System for Low Voltage Power Distribution Grids." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817302040.

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In the three-phase four wire system of the low voltage side for the distribution grid, the phenomenon of asymmetrical and uneven single phase load were very common, causing unbalance in certain network. When unbalance exists, the system will have a larger line loss and the unbalanced loads can result in efficiency reduction of power energy and voltage quality decline. And then the safety and stabilization of power system in the low-voltage distribution grid will be directly affected. Therefore, based on the problems above, combined with the characteristic of the low voltage distribution grid i
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Karthik, B., Jerald Praveen Arokkia, S. Sreejith, and S. Rangarajan Shriram. "Three Phase Power Flow Incorporating Static Var Compensator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.747.

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Application of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in a power system is a promising and more efficient way for the transfer and control of bulk amount of power. One of the problems encountered in power-systems operation is the generation of unbalanced voltages and currents in the presence of long transmission lines with few or no transpositions. This includes possible unbalances arising in source and load conditions, or indeed any items of plant such as shunt and series reactors. To improve or investigate these unbalance effects in any detail, a 3-phase load-flow solution that all
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Djagolado, Martinus W., Amirullah Amirullah, and Saidah Saidah. "Pengembangan Nominal Aturan Fuzzy pada Metode Fuzzy Mamdani untuk Menyeimbangkan Beban Tiga Phasa pada Saluran Distribusi Tegangan Menengah." Rekayasa 14, no. 3 (2021): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v14i3.10655.

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The use of electrical equipment on the customer side with low voltage absorbs unbalanced power. The load unbalances in each phase will result in an unbalanced current, resulting in a phase voltage shift in the secondary coil of the 20 kV/380 V medium voltage transformer. Shifting the voltage in the distribution transformer phase, then causes the flow of current in the transformer neutral wire causing losses. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic method with the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) to balance three-phase load currents at seven feeders of 20 kV medium voltage distribution at PLN Ray
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Diao, Guanxun, Heli Ni, Wenrong Si, Yingjie Gu, and Jian Yang. "Multi-Physics Numerical Research in Oil-Immersed Three-Phase Transformer Under Load Unbalance." Energies 18, no. 5 (2025): 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051217.

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Transformers are susceptible to the influences of complex power grid systems, which may induce three-phase unbalance in transformers, thereby threatening their safety and stable operation. To better understand multiphysics interactions within a transformer under a three-phase load unbalance, a coupled multiphysics model is established and validated for an oil-immersed transformer based on the finite element method. The electromagnetic characteristics, conjugate heat transfer, and thermal stress of the transformer under three-phase load unbalance are analyzed, and the impact on the transformer’
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Cuong, Ngo Xuan, Le Anh Tuan, and Y. Do Nhu. "Effect of Voltage Unbalances on the Performance of a Three-phase Transformer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, no. 1 (2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012050.

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Abstract Mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been major driving forces in modernizing electric power infrastructure. Low power quality has a significant impact on electrical equipment efficiency. Voltage unbalances one of the issues with low power quality. This study used a simulation method for a power supply with a voltage unbalance to evaluate the effect of voltage unbalance on the performance of 3-phase transformers. The research results show that when voltage unbalance occurs, the working point with the maximum efficiency shifts and transformer efficiency is reduced in all lo
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Krisna Yoga, I. Kadek, Rukmi Sari Hartati, and Wayan Gede Ariastina. "PENGARUH KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN BEBAN TERHADAP PROFIL JARINGAN TEGANGAN RENDAH." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 2 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i02.p1.

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Load imbalance occurs due to unequal distribution of load in each phase, this can occur in low voltage network distribution lines, one of which occurs in the DS0588 transformer, Merdeka feeder, Denpasar. Based on the data obtained, the percentage of DS0588 transformer load unbalance is 14%. The DS0588 transformer is one of the transformers at the Merdeka Denpasar Feeder with a capacity of 160 kVA which is located on Jalan Badak Agung, Renon Denpasar. Load unbalance data obtained at PLN UP3 South Bali. The research was carried out by the method of redistribution of the load on each phase under
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Vijayarajan, Singaraj, N. Kamaraj, and S. Selvaperumal. "Day and Night Utilization of Solar PV System Integrated with Stand Alone Wind Generator for Real and Reactive Power Management in Three Phase Unbalanced Load ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.702.

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Utilizing the renewable energy at consumer side is not required additional transmission capacity. Solar power plant connected with wind generator can support real and reactive power to the unbalance three phase loads. The unbalance load always requires more reactive power compare to balanced load. The reactive power support demand of the unbalanced load is supplied by any conventional FACTS devices. These conventional devices add additional cost and require maintenance also. In this proposed system Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) based solar power plant acts like a STATCOM and reduces the additi
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Gupta, Nitin. "HOLOMORPHIC EMBEDDED LOAD-FLOW METHOD'S APPLICATION ON THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH UNBALANCED WYE-CONNECTED LOADS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624146858767491.

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Cetinkaya, Suleyman. "Repetitive Control Of A Three-phase Uninterruptible Power Supply With Isolation Transformer." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608150/index.pdf.

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A repetitive control method for output voltage control of a three phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with isolation transformer is investigated. In the method voltage control loop is employed in the stationary dq frame. The controller eliminates the periodic errors on the output voltages due to inverter voltage nonlinearity and load disturbances. The controller design and implementation details are given. The controller is implemented on a 5-kVA UPS prototype which is constructed in laboratory. Linear and nonlinear loads for balanced and unbalanced load operating conditions are considere
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Callaghan, C. D. "Three phase integrated load and harmonic flows." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical Engineering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5733.

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This thesis investigates two algorithms for the steady state analysis of HVDC convertor plant. The first is an already well established frequency domain technique, known as IHA (Iterative Harmonic Analysis), and the investigation centres on the nature of the algorithm under divergent conditions. In particular, a mathematical analysis of the algorithm is used to prove that divergence of the algorithm is not necessarily indicative of a physical harmonic instability. The second algorithm is developed to exploit the IHA technique within the context of the three phase a.c.-d.c. loadflow as an alt
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Henderson, Douglas Stuart. "A three phase electronic load governor for micro hydro generation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14046.

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The need for an economic alternative to the traditional speed governor for micro hydro applications is discussed and the Electronic Load Governor (ELG) is identified as the solution. The international market for the ELG is seen to vary in accordance with the development and traditions of those countries with micro hydro resources. Technical and economic design parameters for a novel, prototype ELG are developed in relation to previous work in the field. The need for a reliable unit based on digital electronic circuits and capable to three phase balancing is identified. The significance of the
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Chaudhari, Subodh. "Load based energy savings in three phase squirrel cage induction motors." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3749.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-121).
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Struthers, Christopher Andrew. "Three phase load balancing and power factor correction using a pulse width modulated static compensator." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62855.pdf.

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Ye, Zhihong. "Modeling and Control of Parallel Three-Phase PWM Converters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29476.

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This dissertation studies modeling and control issues of parallel three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters. The converters include three-phase boost rectifiers, voltage source inverters, buck rectifiers and current source inverters. The averaging of the parallel converters is performed based on a generic functional switching unit, which is called a phase leg in boost rectifiers and voltage source inverters, and a rail arm in buck rectifiers and current source inverters. Based on phase-leg and rail-arm averaging, the developed models are not only equivalent to the conventional three-p
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Li, Yun. "Voltage balancing on three-phase low voltage feeder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/voltage-balancing-on-threephase-low-voltage-feeder(4320ec9a-f287-4e83-86fd-c8e29e8d49f4).html.

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Voltage imbalance in low voltage (LV) networks is expected to deteriorate as low carbon technologies, e.g. electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps (HPs) are increasingly deployed. The new electrical demand attributable to EVs and HPs would increase the voltage magnitude variation, increasing the possibility of voltages moving outside the statutory LV magnitude limits. Moreover, the single-phase nature of EVs and HPs, which will be connected via a single-phase 'line &amp; neutral' cable to a 3-phase four-wire LV mains cable buried beneath the street, further entangles this voltage management pro
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Singh, Bhanu Pratap. "Real-time detection of stator resistance unbalances in three phase drives." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286813.

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An estimated 30% of the faults in Induction Machine (IM) are related to its stator. These faults are mostly in the form of an Inter-Turn Short Circuit (ITSC) fault i.e., when two winding inside the stator of IM are shorted due to insulation failure. However, ITSC fault can be avoided by detecting them in advance and then scheduling the maintenance of the IM. This thesis studies two methods for detecting this incipient ITSC fault in a three-phase IM and then estimating the stator resistance unbalance due to the ITSC fault. The first method is based on the asymmetry caused in the IM by the ITSC
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Yao, Xiao Guang. "Investigation of the no-load performance of a model three-phase three-limb laminated transformer core operating under sinusoidal and PWM voltage excitation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54939/.

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Transformers subjected to PWM voltage excitation are becoming more and more common in industrial applications and renewable energy supply systems. Therefore, the assessment and improvement in the performance of transformer cores under PWM voltage excitation have become prominent. This project intends to characterise the no-load performance, total power loss and acoustic noise level, of a model three-phase, three-limb laminated transformer core, operating under sinusoidal and PWM voltage excitation. Measurements of total power losses and localised flux density in the joint regions of the core u
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Books on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE standard for three-phase, manually operated subsurface and vault load-interrupting switches for alternating-current systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2001.

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Beuschel, Andreas. Load Compensation in Three Phase Power Systems. Diplomarbeiten Agentur diplom.de. ein Imprint der Diplomica, 2003.

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Dawson, Francis Philip. Protection of a three-phase line commutated converter and load against line disturbances. 1988.

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Vimalesvaran, Kavitha, and Michael Marber. Myocardial Remodelling after Myocardial Infarction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0031.

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This chapter focuses on myocardial remodelling, a process that affects the heart’s shape, structure, and function, following myocardial injury (MI). Post-MI remodelling can be divided into three phases, with the first phase 0–72 hours beginning at the time of ischaemic injury, the second phase 72 hours to 6 weeks, and the third and last phase 6 weeks and beyond. During post-infarction remodelling, hypertrophy is an adaptive response that compensates for the increased load, reduces the effect of progressive dilatation, and balances contractile function. The chapter discusses the factors involve
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Book chapters on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Van, Tan Luong, Ngoc Diep Pham, and Ngoc Minh Doan Nguyen. "Fractional Order Control of Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverters Under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8703-0_37.

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Van, Tan Luong, Le Minh Thien Huynh, Tran Thanh Trang, and Duc Chi Nguyen. "Improved Control Strategy of Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverters Using Sliding Mode Input-Ouput Feedback Linearization Under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions." In AETA 2015: Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27247-4_23.

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Arrillaga, J., and C. P. Arnold. "Three-Phase Load Flow." In Computer Analysis of Power Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118878309.ch3.

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Yan, Yaoliang, Ming Fan, Hong Zhang, et al. "Research on Three-Phase Unbalance Compensation of Magnetic Control Transformer." In Conference Proceedings of 2022 2nd International Joint Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4334-0_51.

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Yu, Congwei, Xiao Liang, Jiafeng Ding, et al. "New Measurement Method of Three-Phase Voltage Unbalance Rate Based on DSOGI-PLL." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34387-3_57.

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Alam, Kamran, and Namarta Chopra. "PID-Based Electronic Load Controller for Three-Phase Synchronous Generator." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2305-2_13.

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Liu, Xuewen, Tingzhang Liu, and Chen Xing. "Real-Time Adjustment and Control of Three-Phase Load Balance Based on Change-Phase Switch." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7210-1_49.

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Ali, Shamshad, Majid Jamil, and M. A. Khan. "Power Quality Analysis and Enhancement Using DSTATCOM for Three-Phase Variable Load." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1476-7_52.

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Ferreira, Fernando J. T. E., José Alberto, Edson Bortoni, and A. T. De Almeida. "Experimental Study on Three-Phase Induction Motor Performance Under Supply Voltage Unbalance for Star and Delta Connections." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69799-0_50.

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Shi, Mo, Bin Zhang, Yingting Luo, Lei Wang, and Shenglong E. "Short-Term Three-Phase Load Combination Forecasting Method Based on Deep Neural Networks." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8780-7_66.

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Conference papers on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Li, Y., and F. P. Dawalibi. "Effects of Current Unbalance and Transmission Line Configuration on the Interference Levels Induced on Nearby Pipelines." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04213.

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Abstract Recent research work on magnetic field induction from nearby high voltage power lines to adjacent pipelines has uncovered several interesting and intriguing results under unbalanced load (steady-state) conditions of a horizontal three-phase transmission line. This paper focuses on this topic, more specifically, on the analysis of the effects of current unbalance ratio and power line configuration on the induced interference levels. Three typical transmission line configurations, two horizontal and one vertical, are examined to carry out the study. Various unbalanced currents on a phas
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Yang, Qi, Jiazhi Wang, Cong Chen, Tianyuan Xie, Xin Xiang, and Wuhua Li. "An Improved Grid-Forming Control Strategy for Three-Phase Four-Wire Converter with Unbalanced Load." In 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/pedg62294.2025.11060404.

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Han, Ruirui, Jie Hong, Lin Shi, Zhuolan Li, Haixiang Gao, and Yu Zhang. "Voltage Imbalance Compensation for Unbalanced Local Load Under Weak Grid Though Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter." In 2024 IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering (CIYCEE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ciycee63099.2024.10846273.

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Yang, Wenlin. "Research on Control Strategy for Three-Phase Unbalanced Load in Power Market Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." In 2024 4th International Conference on Energy Engineering and Power Systems (EEPS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/eeps63402.2024.10804354.

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Verduzco-Durán, J. Manuel, Rubén Rodríguez-Flores, Aurelio Medina-Rios, Rafael Cisneros-Magaña, J. Cesar Godinez-Delgado, and J. Gilberto Guzmán-Pérez. "Time-Domain Harmonic State Estimation of Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Networks with Nonlinear Electrical Load Using the Kalman Filter." In 2024 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ropec62734.2024.10876958.

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McCormick, Gavin, Yunita Muharram, Eduard Muljadi, and Robert M. Nelms. "Thermal Impacts of Voltage Unbalance on Three-Phase Induction Motors." In 2025 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpec63981.2025.10907112.

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Nie, Pengchen, Kunhua Ji, Cheng Zhang, Yun Wang, Min Wang, and Huilin Wang. "Real - time Load Three - phase Unbalance Treatment under High Photovoltaic Permeability." In 2022 7th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acpee53904.2022.9783944.

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Zhang, Chengjia, Junyong Liu, Yue Xiang, Youbo Liu, Tingjian Liu, and Yi Zhang. "A coordinated charging strategy for electric vehicle considering three-phase load unbalance." In 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itec-ap.2017.8080850.

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Douglass, Philip J., Ionut Trintis, and Stig Munk-Nielsen. "Voltage unbalance compensation with smart three-phase loads." In 2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2016.7540918.

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Zhao, Yuxin, Yunfei Xie, and Haoming Liu. "Loss Reduction Strategy for Low Voltage Three-phase Unbalance Distribution Network Considering Load Phase Adjustment." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei250167.2020.9346853.

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Reports on the topic "Three Phase Load Unbalance"

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Zand, Benjamin. PR-218-104509-R01 Field Validation of Surface Loading Stress Calculations for Buried Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010547.

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The objective for this two phase project was to validate surface loading criterion for pipelines with shallow burial. This is the report of the first phase of this project which focused on field measurements of the stress in shallow buried pipe while it is being crossed by heavy equipment. During the second phase, this data will be compared with the predictions of the most prevalent models currently used for surface load stress analysis for pipelines with shallow cover. The objective of the two phase study is to have a validated model for surface loading of shallow buried pipe. In the phase I,
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Chen, Weixing. PR-378-083601-R02 Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011010.

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This report summarizes the work completed in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of PRCI SCC-2-12 project: Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC. The following two insights from the two-phase PRCI SCC 2-12 project can be proven to be the most important: 1) The identification of three types of pressure fluctuations and their different susceptibility to crack growth; 2) The importance of load interaction effects during variable amplitude pressure fluctuations in the prediction of crack growth rate. The work has enabled us to divide near-neutral pH SCC cracking into the following
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Calabrese, Andrea, Pitiporn Asvapathanagul, Nisarg N. Patel, et al. Experimental Investigation of the Self-Healing Potential of Bacteria for Sustainable Concrete Structures Phase 2. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2331.

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Concrete is a critical component of so much of the modern construction industry. This material, well known for its versatility, robustness, longevity, and strength, is well-suited for a wide range of structural applications. Nonetheless, the widespread occurrence of cracks in concrete structures, primarily attributed to its limited tensile strength, shrinkage, and overstain, imposes a considerable economic and environmental challenge when it comes to retrofitting these fissures. This study tackles this problem by harnessing bacteria tolerant to high alkaline conditions to enable Microbially In
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Ebeling, Robert, Barry White, John Hite та ін. Load and resistance factors from reliability analysis Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance (PUP) of flood mitigation, batter pile-founded T-Walls given a target reliability index (𝛽). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47245.

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This technical report documents the research and development (R&amp;D) study in support of the development of a combined Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology that accommodates both geotechnical and structural design limit states for design of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) batter pile-founded, reinforced concrete flood walls. Development of the required reliability and corresponding LRFD procedures has been progressing slowly in the geotechnical topic area as compared to those for structural limit state considerations, and therefore this has been the focus of this first
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Bajwa, Abdullah, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-17201-R03 Residual Gas Fraction Estimation Based on Measured In-Cylinder Pressure - Phase III. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011996.

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An experimental study was carried out to characterize the scavenging behavior of a cross-scavenged, piston-aspirated, two-stroke, natural gas engine to aid in the development of computationally inexpensive simple scavenging models for onboard engine control by (1) studying the effects of changing operational parameters on the engine's scavenging performance, and (2) identifying the underlying phenomena driving the observed effects. Tracer based methods were used to quantify the scavenging and trapping performance of the engine - CO2 was used as a tracer for combustion products and pre-mixed fu
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Dry Specimens (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/vsjs5869.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens II (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ldbn4070.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that
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Tao, Gang, and Mark Stephens. PR-244-18702-R01 Evaluation of Casing Integrity for Underground Storage Wells. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012101.

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This work was funded in part, under the Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the Department of Transportation, or the U.S. Government. C-FER Technologies (1999) Inc., ("C-FER") conducted a multi-phase study to further advance the ability to predict the remaining casing burst capacity for underground natural gas
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of
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