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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-Phase Single Active Bridge DC-DC Converter (SAB3)'
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Mohsin, Raza Mahesar, Ahmed Mahar Mukhtiar, Sattar Larik Abdul, and Hussain Solangi Muzamil. "Comparative Analysis of Three-Phase Single Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Different Mode of Conduction with Transformer Vector Groups." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 6 (2020): 630–45. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i06/149543.
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Abstract <strong>Background/objectives:</strong> This research study compares the performance of a three-phase single active bridge DC-DC converter with several operating modes along with vector groups in order to present the importance and applications of transformer vector groups in the electrical network system. <strong>Methods/statistical analysis:</strong> In order to analyze and compare the operating characteristics of three-phase single active bridge converter with vector groups of transformer. Initially, we made a detailed study of vector groups of transformers through literature review. Then the development of simulation model of three-phase single active bridge DC-DC converter with transformer vector groups while operating with different operating modes of three-phase inverter by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software was made. <strong>Findings:</strong> We investigated Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in terms of voltage and current waveforms with both resistive and inductive load of SAB3 converter with the different transformer vector group while operating with different modes of conduction, i.e., 120, 150, and 180. <strong>Improvements:</strong> Undoubtedly, today’s world is moving towards replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy resources. Three-phase single active bridge DC-DC converters are widely advantageous. From the simulated results, it is clear that at 150-operating mode, the SAB3 generated fewer harmonics in terms of voltage and current for both resistive and inductive load as compared to other operating modes. <strong>Keywords:</strong> DC-DC Converter, Harmonics, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Three-Phase Single Active Bridge DC-DC Converter (SAB3).
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Guennouni, Nasr, Nadia Machkour, and Ahmed Chebak. "Single- and Three-Phase Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converter Comparison for Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain Application." Energies 17, no. 21 (2024): 5509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17215509.
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Dual-active-bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters are of great interest for DC–DC conversion in battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain applications. There are two versions of DAB DC–DC converters: single-phase (1p) and three-phase (3p) architectures. Many studies have compared these architectures, selecting the 3p topology as the most efficient. However, there is a gap in the literature when comparing both architectures when single-phase-shift (SPS) modulation is not used to drive the converter. The aim of this study was to compare 1p and 3p DAB DC–DC converters driven by optimal modulation techniques appropriate for BEV powertrain applications. Mathematical loss models were derived for both architectures, and their performances were compared. A case study of a 100 kW converter was considered as an example to visualize the overall efficiency of the converter for each layout. The 1p DAB DC–DC converter architecture outperformed the 3p layout in both its Y–Y and D–D transformer configurations. The higher performance efficiency, lower number of components, and reduced design complexity make the 1p DAB DC–DC converter topology a favorable choice for BEV powertrain applications.
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Zhang, Xin, and Fusheng Wang. "Minimum current stress control strategy for three degree of freedom three-phase dual active bridge DC-DC converter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2728, no. 1 (2024): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2728/1/012059.
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Abstract Compared to single-phase dual active bridge (1p-DAB) DC-DC converters, three-phase dual active bridge (3p-DAB) DC-DC converters have advantages such as high single machine power, high power density, small filtering capacitance, and are more suitable for high-voltage situations. Therefore, they have good application prospects in DC transmission and industrial high-power DC-DC converters. However, under traditional single-phase shift (SPS) control, especially in the low power range, there is a large reactive current and severe soft switch loss. This article adopts an asymmetric modulation strategy for its larger reactive power, which reduces its reactive power in the low power range with more degrees of freedom and improves the efficiency of power transmission. Taking current stress as the optimization objective, the KKT algorithm is used to solve, and the corresponding analytical solution is ultimately obtained. Finally, a simulation is built by using MATLAB software to verify the feasibility of the proposed solution.
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Venmathi, M., and R. Ramaprabha. "Analysis of Three Port Full Bridge and Half Bridge DC-DC Converter Interfacing Renewable Energy System." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.3.
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This paper presents the comparative dynamic analysis of full bridge and half bridge three port dc-dc converter topology interfacing the renewable energy sources along with the energy storage devices. The three port converter comprises the active bridge circuit and the three winding transformer. It uses single power conversion stage with high frequency link to control power flow between the batteries, load and the renewable energy sources. The power flow between the ports is controlled by phase shifting the square wave outputs of the active bridges in combination with pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The analysis reveals that the battery discharges when the source is not sufficient to supply the load and it was charged when the source alone is capable of supplying the load. Hence there is a bidirectional power flow in the storage port when there is a transition in the source.
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Nguyen, Duy-Dinh, Ngoc-Tam Bui, and Kazuto Yukita. "Design and Optimization of Three-Phase Dual-Active-Bridge Converters for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations." Energies 13, no. 1 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010150.
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In this paper, design and optimization method of a three-phase dual-active-bridge DC/DC converter is discussed. Three single phase transformers connected in star-star configuration were designed with large leakage inductance aiming to eliminate the need for external inductors. Switching frequency, peak flux density, number of turns, number of layers, etc., were optimized using non-linear programming technique for minimizing the overall converter loss. Experimental results on a 10 kW prototype show that the optimized converter can operate efficiently an efficacy of up to 98.65% and a low-temperature rise of less than 70 degrees Celsius on both transformers and semiconductor devices.
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Jiang, Lilei, Jianxin Qu, Lingguo Kong, Hejianuig Qian, Chuang Liu, and Guowei Cai. "Novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter for different operating modes between renewable energy, electrolyser and fuel cell/battery." Clean Energy 7, no. 2 (2023): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac086.
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Abstract Due to the slow dynamic power-regulation characteristics of the electrolyser (EL), a novel integrated three-port DC/DC converter topology based on a phase-shifted full-bridge converter and dual active-bridge converter is proposed in this paper. Especially, the proposed converter can achieve a fast auxiliary response to the EL. This topology has the features of single-stage conversion, high system integration and compatibility with multiple operation modes. The operational principles and a hybrid modulation scheme of the proposed converter are analysed in detail. In addition, the power-transmission characteristics of each port and the soft-switching range are researched. On these bases, six operation modes suitable for a hydrogen energy-storage system are designed. The simulation and a 2-kW scaled-down experimental prototype are established to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology in different operation modes.
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Sal y Rosas, Damian, Daniel Chavez, David Frey, and Jean-Paul Ferrieux. "Single-Stage Isolated and Bidirectional Three-Phase Series-Resonant AC–DC Converter: Modulation for Active and Reactive Power Control." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 8070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218070.
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Single-stage isolated and bidirectional (SSIB) AC–DC converters have a high potential for future solid-state transformers and smart battery chargers due to their reduced volume and high efficiency. However, there is a research gap for SSIB reactive power injection. This article introduces an SSIB three-phase AC–DC converter composed of three low frequency rectifiers linked by tiny film capacitors with a quad-active-bridge series-resonant (QABSR) DC–DC. A novel QAB modulation is proposed to solve three issues: (1) Three DC inputs with high ripple compensation, (2) active–reactive power injection, and (3) minimization of high-frequency (HF) transformers currents. The rectified grid voltages were modulated by time-variant duty ratio (DR) angles. In contrast, the DC source was modulated by a fixed DR (FDR) angle along with a phase-shift angle which changes according to the grid current amplitude. A constant HF current amplitude with minimum value was obtained. It is shown that the HF current amplitude is increased for reactive power injection. Hence, the FDR angle was used to compensate for this increase. Active and reactive power control were validated in a 2 kW prototype. Compared with other structures, tiny DC-link capacitors and smaller L filters were used. Moreover, higher efficiency (96%) and smaller grid currents THDi (3%) were obtained.
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Wang, Zhenkun, Xianjin Su, Nianyin Zeng, and Jiahui Jiang. "Overview of Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Topology and Switching Strategies for Electric Vehicle Applications." Energies 17, no. 10 (2024): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102434.
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Isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters are becoming increasingly important in various applications, particularly in the electric vehicle sector, due to their ability to achieve bidirectional power flow and their safety features. This paper aims to review the switch strategies and topologies of isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters, with a specific focus on their applications in the field of electric vehicles. From the perspective of topology, PWM-type isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters, dual active bridge converters, and resonant-type isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters constitute the three main categories of these converters. The paper further examines the traditional switch strategies of these converters and discusses how specific switch technologies, such as single-phase shift, expanding-phase shift, double-phase shift, and triple-phase shift, can enhance the overall performance of isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters. The paper meticulously examines the characteristics of each topology and control scheme, as well as their typical use cases in practical applications. Particularly, the paper delves into the applications of isolated bidirectional DC–DC converters in the electric vehicle sector and draws conclusions regarding their potential and trends in future electric vehicle technology.
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Jha, Rupesh, Mattia Forato, Satya Prakash, Hemant Dashora, and Giuseppe Buja. "An Analysis-Supported Design of a Single Active Bridge (SAB) Converter." Energies 15, no. 2 (2022): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020666.
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Currently, due to its various applications, the high-performance isolated dc-dc converter is in demand. In applications where unidirectional power transfer is required, the single active bridge (SAB) is the most suitable one due to its simplicity and ease of control. The general schematic of the SAB converter consists of an active bridge and a passive bridge, which are connected through a high-frequency transformer thus isolated. The paper summarizes the behavior of this converter in its three operation modes, namely the continuous, discontinuous, and boundary modes. Later, the features of this converter, such as its input-to-output and external characteristics are discussed. Input-to-output characteristics include the variation of converter output power, voltage, and current with an input control variable i.e., phase-shift angle, whereas the external characteristic is the variation of the output voltage as a function of output current. In this discussion, the behavior of this converter in its extreme operating conditions is also examined. The features of the characteristics are elucidated with the help of suitable plots obtained in the MATLAB environment. Afterward, the specifications of a SAB converter are given and, based on the results of the analysis, a detailed design of its electrical elements is carried out. To validate the features and the design procedures presented in this paper, a prototype is developed. An element-wise loss estimation is also carried out and the efficiency of the converter has been found to be approximately equal to 93%. Lastly, the test was executed on this prototype, confirming the theoretical findings concerning this converter.
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Campos-Salazar, José M., Sergio Busquets-Monge, Alber Filba-Martinez, and Salvador Alepuz. "Multibattery Charger System Based on a Multilevel Dual-Active-Bridge Power Converter." Electronics 14, no. 8 (2025): 1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081659.
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This work introduces a novel battery charger implemented with a four-level three-phase neutral-point-clamped converter and a four-level single-phase dual-active-bridge converter, which offers the intrinsic advantages of multilevel conversion, provides galvanic isolation and allows bidirectional power flow. A detailed and extensive modeling of the system is developed, together with the design of appropriate closed-loop control and modulation. The proposed system allows individual charging of each battery pack, ensuring that the full capacity of the battery bank is utilized, even when the battery packs have different state-of-charge levels, differ in nominal capacities, or use different chemistries. Furthermore, the proposed control system manages the overall DC-link voltage and ensures voltage balance across both DC-links in the system. The effectiveness of the proposed system configuration and control has been validated through simulations. The simulation results show good dynamic response in different operating scenarios, confirming the suitability, feasibility, and benefits of the proposed implementation and control approach.
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Li, Xin, and Xiaodong Fang. "Passive Backstepping Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter in Modular Three-Port DC Converter." Electronics 12, no. 5 (2023): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051074.
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A dual active bridge (DAB) converter in a modular three-port DC converter is the key equipment to connect distributed energy and energy storage units and realize its efficient and large-scale utilization. When a DAB converter with traditional control is disturbed by the input voltage of distributed energy sources, some problems occur, such as large fluctuation of load voltage and slow dynamic response. In order to address such problems, this paper firstly starts with the single-phase shift control of the DAB converter, establishes the dynamic mathematical model of the DAB converter according to the nonlinear characteristics of the converter, transforms it into the passive form of Euler–Lagrange (E-L) model and designs the passive controller based on the analysis of the passive nature and stability of the converter, in order to improve the energy dissipation rate and ensure the global stability of the system. Secondly, in conjunction with the backstepping control, a passive backstepping controller is designed with the goal of shifting the comparison to eliminate errors caused by input disturbances and achieve fast-tracking of the reference voltage. Finally, a DAB simulation model based on passive backstepping control is established in Matlab/Simulink. By selecting the appropriate injection damping value, it is compared with traditional PI control and passivity-based control strategy, and the effectiveness of forward and reverse power transmission modes of the DAB converter under passive backstepping control is verified. The results show that the DAB converter with passive backstepping control has better dynamic performance and stronger robustness after sudden changes in input voltage.
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Aouiti, Abdelkarim, Mokhtar Abbassi, and Faouzi Bacha. "A New Proposed Triple Active Bridge Converter for Fuel Cell Applications." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 15, no. 10 (2024): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.15.10.8.
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This paper deals with a new proposed three port converter structure dedicated for two-input source hybrid systems especially for fuel cell applications. This converter is made up of three-phase triple active bridges which are galvanically isolated by means of three single phase high frequency transformers. The present converter integrates a fuel cell as the primary power source with a battery that stores energy, harnessing the unique benefits of both sources to deliver reliable power to a DC load through a single power conversion stage. In order to control the power flow between the ports, a phase shift control technique has been carried out to generate the control signals of the load and battery side bridges in reference with those of the fuel cell bridge. A detailed analysis of the proposed converter has been presented in this paper. A novel proposed energy management algorithm has been developed. This algorithm provides a robust solution for managing and distributing power flow between the converter's ports, ensuring an optimal balance of power delivery. The algorithm has been rigorously validated through simulations and experimental test, using Dspace 1104 board.
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Goto, Takuya, The-Tiep Pham, Nam-Danh Nguyen, Kazuto Yukita, and Duy-Dinh Nguyen. "Mitigation of Low Harmonic Ripples Based on the Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter in Charging Station Applications." Electronics 13, no. 13 (2024): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132527.
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To minimize the recharge time of EVs, Level 3 charging stations utilizing DC fast charging systems have become increasingly prevalent. Additionally, these systems offer bidirectional functionality, aiding in stabilizing the DC grid during peak hour. As a result, the DC–DC converters utilized in such systems must be capable of bidirectional energy transfer. Among existing typologies, DAB converters are preferred due to their simplicity and sustainability. The three-phase DAB (DAB3) is favored because the output ripple is lower compared to the single-phase structure. This characteristic assists in mitigating the negative effects on the battery caused by high-frequency current ripple. However, the input to DAB3 converters typically originates from AC–DC stages, leading to the inclusion of low harmonic frequency ripples (e.g., multiples of 360 Hz). These ripples are then transferred to the battery, increasing its temperature. To address this issue, this paper proposes a technique to mitigate negative effects by attenuating these low frequencies in the charging current. Simulations were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Scaled-down experiments utilizing a DAB3 prototype were conducted to corroborate the simulations. The findings demonstrated a reduction in ripple from 8.66% to below 2.67% when compared to the original controller. This reduction enabled the solution to meet the limiting current ripple criteria outlined in the CHAdeMO standard.
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Jean-Pierre, Garry, Necmi Altin, Ahmad El Shafei, and Adel Nasiri. "Overall Efficiency Improvement of a Dual Active Bridge Converter Based on Triple Phase-Shift Control." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196933.
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This paper proposes a control scheme based on an optimal triple phase-shift (TPS) control for dual active bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters to achieve maximum efficiency. This is performed by analyzing, quantifying, and minimizing the total power losses, including the high-frequency transformer (HFT) and primary and secondary power modules of the DAB converter. To analyze the converter, three operating zones were defined according to low, medium, and rated power. To obtain the optimal TPS variables, two optimization techniques were utilized. In local optimization (LO), the offline particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was used, resulting in numerical optimums. This method was used for the low and medium power regions. The Lagrange multiplier (LM) was used for global optimization (GO), resulting in closed-form expressions for rated power. Detailed analyses and experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, obtained results are compared with the traditional single phase-shift (SPS) method, the optimized dual phase-shift (DPS) method, and TPS method with RMS current minimization to better highlight the performance of the proposed approach.
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Stala, Robert, Jakub Hachlowski, and Adam Penczek. "NPC Seven-Level Single-Phase Inverter with DC-Link Voltage Balancing, Input Voltage Boosting, and AC Power Decoupling." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103729.
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This paper presents a novel concept of the DC-AC system with the input voltage boost ability, seven-level output voltage modulation, and the input AC current reduction at the double frequency of the output voltage. The system integrates the NPC full-bridge inverter which is composed of four-level legs and an active input voltage balancer (AIVB). The DC-link is composed of three capacitors connected in a series. The source of the energy is connected directly to the middle capacitor while the upper and lower capacitors of the DC-link are charged by the AIVB. The operation of the AIVB leads to balancing of the DC-link voltage and a three-fold boosting of the input voltage. The AIVB utilizes a novel switched-capacitor (SC) topology and can be designed as a low-volume quasi-magneticless converter with a simple open-loop control. One of the proposed methods of the control of the AIVB allows for a double frequency reduction in the input current. The application of the AIVB allows for the use of a seven-level NPC full-bridge (FB) inverter with a simple classic carrier-based PWM which is not applicable in the typical DC-link configurations. This paper presents the converter’s concept, its operation, control methods, and the results of simulations and experiments.
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Mahesar, Mohsin Raza. "Comparative Analysis of Three-Phase Single Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Different Mode of Conduction with Transformer Vector Groups." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 06 (2020): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i06/149543.
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Nardoto, Adriano, Lucas Encarnação, Walbermark Santos, et al. "Enhanced Efficiency on ANPC-DAB through Adaptive Model Predictive Control." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010012.
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This work studies the DC-DC conversion stage in solid-state transformers (SST). The traditional two- or three-level dual active bridge (DAB) topology faces limitations in microgrid interconnection due to power and voltage limitations. For this reason, the use of multilevel topologies such as active neutral point clamped (ANPC) is a promising alternative. Additionally, the efficiency of the SSTs is a recurring concern, and reducing losses in the DC-DC stage is a subject to be studied. In this context, this work presents a new control technique based on an adaptive model- based predictive control (AMPC) to select the modulation technique of an ANPC-DAB DC-DC converter aimed at reducing losses and increasing efficiency. The single-phase shift (SPS), triangular, and trapezoidal modulation techniques are used according to the converter output power with the aim of maximizing the number of soft-switching points per cycle. The performance of the proposed control technique is demonstrated through real-time simulation and a reduced-scale experimental setup. The findings indicate the effectiveness of the AMPC control technique in mitigating voltage source perturbations. This technique has low output impedance and is robust to converter parameter variations. Prototyping tests revealed that, in steady-state, the AMPC significantly improves converter efficiency without compromising dynamic performance. Despite its advantages, the computational cost of AMPC is not significantly higher than that of traditional model predictive control (MPC), allowing for the allocation of time to other applications.
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Gonçalves, José Teixeira, Stanimir Valtchev, Rui Melicio, Alcides Gonçalves, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Hybrid Three-Phase Rectifiers with Active Power Factor Correction: A Systematic Review." Electronics 10, no. 13 (2021): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131520.
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The hybrid three-phase rectifiers (HTR) consist of parallel associations of two rectifiers (rectifier 1 and rectifier 2), each one of them with a distinct operation, while the sum of their input currents forms a sinusoidal or multilevel waveform. In general, rectifier 1 is a GRAETZ (full bridge) (can be combined with a BOOST converter) and rectifier 2 is combined with a DC-DC converter. In this HTR contest, this paper is intended to answer some important questions about those hybrid rectifiers. To obtain the correct answers, the study is conducted as an analysis of a systematic literature review. Thus, a search was carried out in the databases, mostly IEEE and IET, and 34 papers were selected as the best corresponding to the HTR theme. It is observed that the preferred form of power distribution in unidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifiers (UHTR) is 55%Po (rectifier 1) and 45%Po (rectifier 2). For the bidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifiers (BHTR), rectifier 1 preferably takes 90% of Po and 10% of Po is processed by rectifier 2. It is also observed that the UHTR that employ the single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) or VIENNA converter topologies in rectifier 2 can present sinusoidal input currents with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high Power Factor (PF), even successfully complying with the international standards. The same can be said about the rectifier that employs a pulse-width (PWM) converter of BOOST topology in rectifier 2. In short, the HTR are interesting because they allow using the GRAETZ full bridge topology in rectifier 1, thus taking advantage of its characteristics, being simple, robust, and reliable. At the same time, the advantages of rectifier 2, i.e., high PF and low THD, are well used. In addition, this article also points out the future direction of research that is still unexplored in the literature, thus giving opportunities for future innovation.
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Lee, Jun-Young, Kyung-Wook Heo, Kyu-Tae Kim, and Jee-Hoon Jung. "Analysis and Design of Three-Phase Buck Rectifier Employing UPS to Supply High Reliable DC Power." Energies 13, no. 7 (2020): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071704.
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In the DC distribution system, to step down the DC voltage level from the AC grid voltage, the conventional topologies require multiple power conversion stages and bulky line-frequency transformers, which degrade their power density and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the conventional topologies suffer from a shoot-through problem resulting in their low system reliability. In this paper, to overcome the above issues, systematic design approaches of a three-phase buck rectifier with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and a protection algorithm are proposed to obtain the high reliability of the DC distribution system, which can deal with fault conditions and can regulate the output voltage level. It only requires a single stage of the three-phase buck rectifier. Also, a thyristor switch is added without any commutation circuits to cut off the output from the fault circuit. The shoot-through faults do not occur in the buck rectifier, leading to high reliability. A dual-active-bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is applied as the UPS to supply the electric power from the battery when the buck rectifier is shut down under the fault conditions. Finally, the protection algorithm is proposed to detect the fault conditions and to regulate the output voltage level.
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Wang, Rui, Qiuye Sun, Qifu Cheng, and Dazhong Ma. "The Stability Analysis of a Multi-Port Single-Phase Solid-State Transformer in the Electromagnetic Timescale." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092250.
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This paper proposes an overall practical stability assessment for a multi-port single-phase solid-state transformer (MS3T) in the electromagnetic timescale. When multiple stable subsystems are combined into one MS3T, the newly formed MS3T has a certain possibility to be unstable. Thus, this paper discusses the stability assessment of the MS3T in detail. First and foremost, the structure of the MS3T and its three stage control strategies are proposed. Furthermore, the stability analysis of each of the MS3T’s subsystems is achieved through the closed loop transfer function of each subsystem, respectively, including an AC-DC front-end side converter, dual active bridge (DAB) with a high-frequency (HF) or medium-frequency (MF) transformer, and back-end side incorporating DC-AC and dc-dc converters. Furthermore, the practical impedance stability criterion in the electromagnetic timescale, which only requires two current sensors and one external high-bandwidth small-signal sinusoidal perturbation current source, is proposed by the Gershgorin theorem and Kirchhoff laws. Finally, the overall stability assessment, based on a modified impedance criterion for the MS3T is investigated. The overall practical stability assessment of the MS3T can be validated through extensive simulation and hardware results.
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Vermulst, Bas J. D., Jorge L. Duarte, Cornelis G. E. Wijnands, and Elena A. Lomonova. "Quad-Active-Bridge Single-Stage Bidirectional Three-Phase AC–DC Converter With Isolation: Introduction and Optimized Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, no. 4 (2017): 2546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2016.2579682.
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Zhao, Chenhao, Chuang Huang, Shaoxu Jiang, and Rui Wang. "Multimodal Switching Control Strategy for Wide Voltage Range Operation of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converters." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061921.
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In recent years, to achieve “dual carbon” goals, increasing the penetration of renewable energy has become a critical approach in China’s power sector. Power electronic converters play a key role in integrating renewable energy into the power system. Among them, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter has gained widespread attention due to its merits, such as galvanic isolation, bidirectional power transfer, and soft switching. It has been extensively applied in microgrids, distributed generation, and electric vehicles. However, with the large-scale integration of stochastic renewable sources and uncertain loads into the grid, DAB converters are required to operate over a wider voltage regulation range and under more complex operating conditions. Conventional control strategies often fail to meet these demands due to their limited soft-switching range, restricted optimization capability, and slow dynamic response. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-mode switching optimized control strategy for the three-port DAB (3p-DAB) converter. The proposed method aims to broaden the soft-switching range and optimize the operation space, enabling high-power transfer capability while reducing switching and conduction losses. First, to address the issue of the narrow soft-switching range at medium and low power levels, a single-cycle interleaved phase-shift control mode is proposed. Under this control, the three-phase Dual Active Bridge can achieve zero-voltage switching and optimize the minimum current stress, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the converter. Then, in the face of the actual demand for wide voltage regulation of the converter, a standardized global unified minimum current stress optimization scheme based on the virtual phase-shift ratio is proposed. This scheme establishes a unified control structure and a standardized control table, reducing the complexity of the control structure design and the gain expression. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed multi-mode optimized control strategy.
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GITAU, M. N., I. R. SMITH, and J. G. KETTLEBOROUGH. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ANALOG CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS FOR IMPROVED DYNAMIC RESPONSE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 04 (1998): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126698000286.
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Increases in the occurrence of nonlinear loads have resulted in the need to reduce or minimize the levels of harmonic currents being injected into the power supply. As a consequence, active current waveshaping and pulse-width modulation have now replaced conventional phase-controlled and diode bridge rectifiers in many applications. In this paper, mathematical models are developed for the power circuits of analog controlled single-phase and three-phase voltage source converters, and then used to analyse the performance of current- and voltage-control loops for the converters. Analytical expressions are derived for the gains and time constants of the current and voltage controllers, and it is shown that the bandwidth of the current-loop is a function of the switching frequency, and that of the voltage-loop is a function of the DC-busbar capacitance and the voltage filter cut-off frequency. To illustrate the application of the models, simulation results are presented from investigations into the control of a 5 kW single-phase voltage-source converter and a 100 kW three-phase boost converter.
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Watanakul, Narin. "An application phase-modular rectifier applied to MMC with medium voltage based on wind turbine generator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3, no. 3 (2014): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i3.2996.
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This paper proposes two stages of controller. First stage, direct power control (P-Q control) applied single-phase structure of multilevel modular converter (MMC) , multilevel cascaded H-Bridge inverter with 9-level SPWM injection to medium voltage (24kV) based on wind turbine generator (PMSG)rated capacity 25kVA. Second stage, three-phase PFC rectifier with phase-modular Y-rectifier, boosttype. The separate dc sources (DC-links) average voltage at 178V (Vdc1-Vdc12). This study is concerned with the application, operating, principle, and design example. The unity power factor operation of PMSG is realized by controlling of phase-modular Y-Rectifier system, and the current waveform distortion results increase of the lower harmonics distortion. The P-Q controller can make it possible of the grid line current phase by providing the direct instantaneous power control in the steady state under the active power and reactive power command. The data collected by PSIM and MATLAB simulation are used in comparison with the experimental tester of results. This provides guideline to further analyze and improvement energy efficiency and power quality in electrical system pertinent to wind turbine generator (PMSG). Keywords: Wind Turbine Generator, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), Phase-Modular Y-Rectifier, Cascaded H-Bridges, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), Power Quality, Unity Power Factor, Harmonics.
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Wang, L. B., C. X. Mao, D. Wang, J. M. Lu, J. F. Zhang, and X. Chen. "Extended Unbalanced Operation of Induction Motor Driven System Based on a Single-Phase Electronic Power Transformer." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 04 (2015): 1550045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500450.
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A new control strategy to extend the unbalanced operation of the induction motor driven system based on a single-phase electronic power transformer (EPT) is proposed in this paper. This new motor driven system avoids the traditional input power transformer and only single-phase power network is needed. It has a modular structure and consists of series H-bridges rectifier, output-parallel dual active bridge converters and a three-phase voltage source inverter. In the input stage, a new control strategy is proposed to balance the dc voltages among the series H-bridges and regulate the current. This new control algorithm determines the minimal reactive current to stabilize the converter when the loads are seriously unbalanced. In order to verify the new driven system, a 3 kV/462 V/180 kW EPT driving an induction motor is constructed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulations results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed unbalanced control algorithm and good dynamic behavior of the integrated control system for this new driven system.
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Fiaz, Muhammad Faisal, Sandro Calligaro, Mattia Iurich, and Roberto Petrella. "Analytical Modeling and Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter Considering All Phase-Shifts." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082720.
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In the field of power electronics-based electrical power conversion, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) topology has become very popular in recent years due to its characteristics (e.g., bidirectional operation and galvanic isolation), which are particularly suitable to applications such as interface to renewable energy sources, battery storage systems and in smart grids. Although this converter type has been extensively investigated, its analysis and control still pose many challenges, due to the multiple control variables that affect the complex behavior of the converter. This paper presents a theoretical model of the single-phase DAB converter. The proposed model is very general, i.e., it can consider any modulation technique and operating condition. In particular, the converter is seen as composed by four legs, each capable of generating voltage on the inductor, and by the two output legs, which can steer the resulting inductor current to the load. Three variables are considered as the control inputs, i.e., the phase-shifts with respect to one leg. This approach results in a very simple yet accurate closed-form algorithm for obtaining the inductor current waveform. Moreover, a novel analytical model is proposed for calculating the average output current, based on the phase-shift values, independently of the output voltage. It is also shown that average output current can be varied cycle-by-cycle, with no further dynamics. In fact, average output current is not affected by the initial value of inductor current or by DC offset (which may arise during transients). The proposed models can be exploited at several stages of development of a DAB: during the design stage, for fast iteration, when selecting its operating points and when designing the control. In fact, based on the analytical results, a novel control loop is proposed, which adopts a “fictitious” (i.e., open-loop) inner current regulation loop, which can be applied to any modulation scheme (e.g., Single Phase-Shift, Triple Phase-Shift, etc.). The main advantage of this control scheme is that the simple dynamics of the output voltage versus the average output current can be decoupled from the complicated relationship between the phase-shifts and the output current. Moreover, a Finite Control Set (FCS) method is proposed, which selects the optimal operating points for each operating condition and control request, ensuring full Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) in all cases. The analytical results obtained and control methods proposed are verified through simulations and extensive experimental tests.
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Horrillo-Quintero, Pablo, Pablo García-Triviño, Raúl Sarrias-Mena, Carlos Andrés García-Vázquez, and Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez. "Power Sharing Control for a Microgrid with PV Power Plants, Batteries and Quasi-Z-source Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.457.
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In recent years, Quasi-Z-source cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (qZS-CHBMLIs) have become an interesting solution for integrating renewable energy into the utility grid. The possibility of performing power conversion in a single stage, without an additional DC/DC converter, and a higher voltage gain, are their main advantages over traditional inverters. In addition, individual control of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be achieved for each PV plant. Owing to the intermittent nature of PV power plants, battery energy storage systems (BESS) are commonly used to smooth out PV power fluctuations. This paper presents a control system for the active and reactive power delivered to the grid according to the system operator references and an EMS for an ES-qZS-CHBMLI. The BESS is coordinated through an energy management system (EMS) based on the state of charge (SOC) The system is evaluated under two different operation modes. One of them, where the PV power plants operate according to their MPP and the other in which the MPPT faults and thus, the PV power is decreased. A MATLAB-Simulink simulation is used to validate the proposed control system for a grid-connected single-phase configuration based on a qZSCHBMLI with three cascade qZSI, each connected to a 4.8 kW PV power plant and a BESS.
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Kopacz, Rafał, David Menzi, Florian Krismer, Jacek Rąbkowski, Johann W. Kolar, and Jonas Huber. "New single‐stage bidirectional three‐phase ac‐dc solid‐state transformer." Electronics Letters 60, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ell2.13084.
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AbstractHigh‐power applications with low‐voltage (LV) dc loads, for example, fast charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs), are typically supplied from the medium‐voltage (MV) grid. Aiming for low volume, MVac‐LVdc solid‐state transformers (SSTs) that provide galvanic separation with medium‐frequency transformers (MFTs) are thus considered, which are conventionally realized as two‐stage systems that consist of an ac‐dc power‐factor‐correction (PFC) rectifier and an isolated dc‐dc converter. This letter extends a new single‐stage isolated bidirectional PFC rectifier concept to MV levels, resulting in an SST that performs MVac‐LVdc conversion in a single converter stage and, unlike many modular SST concepts, employs only a single MFT. The SST's primary side operates modular‐multilevel‐converter (MMC) bridge legs, whose input voltages contain large ac components, in the quasi‐two‐level mode to minimize the cell capacitors. The secondary side employs a standard LV three‐phase rectifier, and a dual‐active‐bridge‐(DAB)‐like modulation strategy allows power flow regulation and ensures sinusoidal grid currents. The concept is explained and validated using detailed circuit simulations of an exemplary 1‐MW system operating between a 10‐kV three‐phase grid and an 800‐V dc output. The component stresses are evaluated, and an efficiency of 98.1% and a power density of up to 0.6 kW/dm3 are estimated.
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Guo, Zhiqiang, Zhiruo Zhang, and Ge Zou. "Single-Stage Isolated Three-Phase SWISS AC-DC Converter Based on Dual Active Bridge Converters." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2025, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2025.3578808.
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Bachman, Serafin, Marek Turzyński, and Marek Jasiński. "Comparative analysis of three‐phase dual active bridge converter with different transformer topology and modern universal control for DC microgrids." IET Power Electronics, January 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12647.
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AbstractThe presented work discusses issues related to the use of modern multiphase topologies of Dual Active Bridge (DAB)‐type converters. Converters of this type are widely used in most DC microgrid applications. The introduction emphasizes a comparative analysis between single‐phase and multi‐phase DAB topologies within high‐power DC microgrids, delving into their respective advantages, drawbacks, design procedures, and considerations based on the latest knowledge. The publication explores the comparison and selection of viable topologies for deployment in high‐power and high‐efficiency DC microgrids. The unified method of controlling 1‐phase and multi‐phase DAB converters was proposed in this design, simplifying the issues of DC microgrid control. All topologies were tested on the same controller concept. The study performs laboratory investigation of DAB 1‐phase and 3‐phase: Star–Star, and Star–Delta topologies. Attention was paid to maintaining uniform operating conditions of the system, contrary to studies known from the literature, all tests were carried out on the same laboratory stand and the same magnetic components in different configurations. Analytical and laboratory analyses of the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) region were performed, accounting for non‐linear phenomena. Based on these findings, an assessment of the system's performance in soft switching was carried out. The presented results were implemented in a simulation model and subsequently validated through tests on a constructed laboratory setup to ensure the proper operation of the system. This work meticulously presents and discusses variations in efficiency, dynamic response, phase current harmonic distribution, phase shift distribution, ZVS switching region, and more among the examined topologies. To ensure a fair comparison, the converter configuration for both simulation and laboratory models utilized identical components across all configurations.
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"A DQ Synchronous Reference Frame Current Control for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems usingSingle Phase Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2019): 2814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3174.129219.
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This paper projects a high performance decoupled current control using a dq synchronous reference frame for single-phase inverter. For the three-phase inverter the conversion from AC to DC with Proportional Integral controller grants to obtain steady state error for AC Voltages and currents but has a few challenges with the single-phase systems. Hence, an orthogonal pair (β) is created by shifting the phase by one quarter cycle with respect to the real component (α) which is needed for the transformation from stationary to rotating frame. The synchronous reference frame control theory helps in controlling the AC voltage by using DC signal as the reference with the proportional integrator controllers. The implementation of the control is done with two-stage converter with LCL filter for a single-phase photovoltaic system. A modified MPPT Incremental conductance algorithm along with decoupled current control helps in regulating the active and reactive power infused into the grid where the power factor is improved, the efficiency of the system is increased above 95% and total harmonic distortion for current is also reduced to3%. The results have been validated using MATLAB.
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Rosas, Damian Sal y., Daniel Chavez, and Julio Tafur. "Quad-Active-Bridge Resonant-Type Single-Stage Three-Phase AC-DC Converter: Modulation and Control for V2G Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2025, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2025.3543691.
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