Journal articles: 'Three-steps method by Kühn'

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Jia, Y., F. Correa-Victoria, A. McClung, et al. "Rapid Determination of Rice Cultivar Responses to the Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Using a Micro-Chamber Screening Method." Plant Disease 91, no. 5 (2007): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-5-0485.

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An accurate greenhouse screening method has not been developed previously to identify host response to sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn that causes significant economic losses in rice yield worldwide. The unavailability of a robust screening system in the greenhouse has made it difficult to quantify disease reactions to R. solani, and has hampered studies on the genetics of resistance and plant breeding efforts to improve resistance. In an effort to develop a standardized laboratory micro-chamber screening method to quantify resistance to R. solani in rice, five rice cultivars, representing a wide range of observed disease reactions under field conditions, were examined in a blind inoculation test at three locations (Arkansas, Texas, and Colombia). Rice seedlings were inoculated at the three- to four-leaf stage with potato dextrose agar plugs containing mycelium and then covered with a 2- or 3-liter transparent plastic bottle for maintaining high humidity after inoculation. Two cultivars, Jasmine 85 and Lemont, that consistently have shown the highest and lowest levels of resistance, respectively, in previous field and greenhouse studies, were used as standards. Concurrent field experiments in Arkansas and Texas also were performed to compare the greenhouse disease ratings with those observed under field conditions. Overall, the relative disease ratings of the seven test cultivars were consistent between test locations and with field evaluations. Thus, the micro-chamber screening method can be used as an effective approach to accurately quantify resistance to the sheath blight pathogen under controlled greenhouse conditions and should help expedite the selection process to improve resistance to this important pathogen.

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Valentín Torres, Suheidy, María M. Vargas, Graciela Godoy-Lutz, Timothy G. Porch, and James S. Beaver. "Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Can Produce both Web Blight and Root Rot Symptoms in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (2016): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1270-re.

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In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is an important pathogen causing web blight (WB) in the tropics, and it is also a soilborne pathogen causing root rot (RR) worldwide. This pathogen is a species complex classified into 14 anastomosis groups (AG). AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB, AG 1-IE, AG 1-IF, AG 2-2, and AG 4 have been reported to cause WB of the aboveground structures of the plant, while AG 4 and AG 2-2 have been associated with RR. There is limited information, however, concerning the ability of particular isolates of specific AG to cause both diseases in common bean. Nine R. solani isolates, including three AG 1 and three AG 4 WB isolates and three AG 4 RR isolates collected from both leaves and roots, respectively, of common bean in Puerto Rico, were used to evaluate the response of 12 common bean genotypes to WB inoculated using a detached-leaf method and to RR inoculated using a solution suspension of R. solani mycelia in the greenhouse. All R. solani isolates were able to induce both RR and WB symptoms. RR readings were generally more severe than the WB readings. The RR isolate RR1 (AG 4) produced the most severe RR scores. A few bean lines had mean RR scores ≤4.4 for specific R. solani isolates on a scale of 1 to 9, with 1 representing resistant and 9 highly susceptible. However, all of the bean lines had mean RR scores ≥5.0 when inoculated with the isolates RR1, RR2, and RR3, which were determined to be AG 4 in this study. Significant line–isolate interactions were observed for the WB and RR inoculations for the three planting dates, suggesting a differential response of the common bean lines to the pathogen. This genotypic interaction may require bean breeders and pathologists to monitor the virulence patterns of R. solani in specific growing environments, while the compatibility of specific R. solani isolates to both aerial and root tissue needs to be considered for disease control strategies.

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Winkler, Jan, and Věra Zelená. "Impact of different soil cultivation on weed species in winter rape (oilseed)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 5 (2005): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553050187.

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A community of weeds and crops is affected by a number of factors, including, among other things, also tillage. In the years 2000–2002, the composition of weed species in rape stands was evaluated on the fields with the total area of 551 hectares (1 hectar equals to some 2.47 acres). The evaluation was carried out with the application of methodology developed by Kühn (1982). On the fields located in the cadastral area of Olomouc – Holice, which had been cultivated in a traditional manner, 115 relevés were recorded. On the fields in the cadastral area of Bohuňovice, which had been cultivated with the application of reduced tillage, 97 relevés were recorded and evaluated. All of the above fields were subjected to the application of chemical agents reducing the occurrence of weeds. The data thus received were processed by means of multidimensional analysis of ecological data with the application of a RDA method (Redundancy Analysis). In the course of three years, 75 weed species were found on the fields under conventional tillage, on the average, 8.2 species per a relevé, while 66 weed species were found during the same period of time on the fields cultivated by means of reduced tillage, on the average, 8.6 species per a relevé. The application of RDA analysis enabled us to sort out the selected species of weeds (i.e. those the frequency of occurrence of which exceeded 15 %) into three groups. The conditions provided by the conventional tillage appeared to be more satisfactory for the weed species included in the first group (Arctium tomentosum, Elytrigia repens, Helianthus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, Lolium perenne and Papaver rhoeas). The species included in the second group, i.e. Alsinula media, Apera spica-venti, Atriplex patula, Bromus sterilis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Myosotis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense., responded to reduced tillage by the increase in cover or by increased frequency of occurrence. The third group consists of species such as: Cirsium arvense, Chamomilla recutita, Galium aparine, Lactuca serriola, Matricaria maritima, Triticum aestivum and Viola arvensis. Their cover and frequency of occurrence were in a more degree influenced by factors different from the type of tillage. The manner of tillage appears to be only one of a number of factors that affect the occurrence of weed species. It influences them together with other factors and it is a factor of polyfunctional nature.

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Baiswar, P., P. Chandra, K. P. Mohapatra, T. L. Kipgen, S. Chandra, and S. V. Ngachan. "First Record of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB on Mucuna pruriens in India." Plant Disease 97, no. 2 (2013): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-12-0316-pdn.

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Mucuna is the source of L-Dopa (L 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine), a precursor of a dopamine used to treat Parkinson's disease. Leaf blight symptoms were observed on Mucuna pruriens plants in October to November 2010 in a field at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research Complex for the Northeastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India. Symptoms included black necrotic areas on leaves, collapsed leaf tissue and, occasionally, fungal growth visible on the leaf. In advanced infections, dead leaves were attached to the stem, followed by defoliation with only infected pods still attached. Approximately 10% of plants were infected in ~0.5 ha surveyed. Symptomatic leaf pieces were washed with sterile water, surface-sterilized using 4% NaOCl for 30 s, washed again, blotted dry, and plated on PDA amended with streptomycin (100 ppm). Characteristics of three fungal isolates were typical of Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn [teleomorph = Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk], i.e., hyphal branching at 90° angles, basal constriction at the hyphal branching point with a septum close to the lateral hyphum (3), and presence of multinucleate hyphal cells confirmed using DAPI (2-(4-amidinophenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxamidine) staining (1). A culture was deposited at the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India (NFCCI No. 2602). The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of nuclear rDNA of one isolate was sequenced after amplification with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4), (GenBank Accession No. JQ675536). A BLAST search revealed 99% similarity of the sequence with that of 2 R. solani AG 1-IB isolates (AB122137 and AB000039). Sequences were aligned using MAFT Version 6. Maximum parsimony analysis using MEGA 5 placed the test isolate in AG 1-IB with 99% bootstrap support. PCR assays with primers for R. solani AG 1-IB produced a DNA band of ~300 bp (2). Koch's postulates were completed by inoculating 5-mm colonized plugs of PDA at the soil line of each of 5 potted, 40-day-old plants of M. pruriens, and covering the base of each plant with moistened cheesecloth. In addition, 3 plants were inoculated with colonized plugs at the junction of the lamina and petiole of 9 leaves/plant, spraying the plants with sterilized water, and covering the plants with polythene for 3 days. In addition, 10 detached leaves were inoculated with colonized PDA plugs and incubated in a moist chamber. Three non-inoculated plants served as a control treatment for the first 2 methods, and 10 leaves as a control treatment for the third method with sterilized PDA plugs. Symptoms of leaf blight (necrosis from base to leaf tip, with abundant fungal growth) developed in 6 to 7 days on plants inoculated at the soil line, 4 days on leaves inoculated at the junction of the lamina and petiole, and 2 to 3 days on detached leaves. Control plants and leaves remained asymptomatic for all 3 methods. R. solani was reisolated from inoculated plants as described above, and confirmed to be AG 1-IB. The fungus was not reisolated from control plants or leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first record of R. solani AG 1-IB causing leaf blight on M. pruriens in India. References: (1) M. M. Kulik and P. D. Dery. Biotech. Histochem. 70:95, 1995. (2) M. Matsumoto. Mycoscience 43:185, 2002. (3) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St Paul, MN, 1991. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

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Shamsi, Shamim, and Mst Naznin Nahar. "Pathogenic potentiality of fungi isolated from seeds of three hill cotton varieties (Gossypium arboreum L.)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 2 (2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v28i2.46505.

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Twelve species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresenius., A. niger van Tiegh (Type-I)., A. niger van Tiegh (Type-II), Chaetomium globosum Kunze ex Fr., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans Wr. & Reink, F. sporotrichioides Sherb., Mem., Penicillium Link., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay., Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.: Fr.) Vuill and Trichoderma viride Pers were isolated from the seeds of three cotton varieties (HC-1, HC-2 and HC-3) following “Tissue planting” and “Blotter” methods. Among the isolated fungi, six, namely A. flavus, A. niger, C. lunata, F. moniliforme var. subglutinans, F. sporotrichioides and Rhizoctonia solani showed pathogenic potentiality following seed inoculation technique. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, root shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(2): 187-193, 2019 (July)

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Oghovese, Ogbereyivwe, and Emunefe O. John. "New Three-Steps Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations." IOSR Journal of Mathematics 10, no. 5 (2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5728-10544447.

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Fenster, Tovi. "Cognitive Temporal Mapping: The Three Steps Method in Urban Planning." Planning Theory & Practice 10, no. 4 (2009): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649350903417266.

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Yang, Jin, Ya Jun Zhou, and Bing Xue Pu. "Three-Dimensional ES Barrier Promotes the Steps Formation." Key Engineering Materials 783 (October 2018): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.783.115.

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Physical vapor deposition (PVD) has been an important method to synthesize metallic nanorods during the past two decades. Based on the main physical process of crystal growth, this letter made a growth model of metallic nanorods with kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) method and studied the effects of three-dimensional (3D) Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) barrier during the metallic nanorods growth. According to the simulation results, a large 3D ES barrier affects the surface morphology apparently. With analyze the simulation results, 3D ES barrier promotes the step formation and increases the step height greatly, and it is the main factor of metallic nanorods formation.

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Shi, Chenyang, and Yandan Lin. "Image Quality Assessment Based on Three Features Fusion in Three Fusion Steps." Symmetry 14, no. 4 (2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040773.

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The objective image quality assessment (IQA) method was developed to replace subjective observer image quality evaluations in various applications. A reliable full reference color IQA method that allows reference and distorted images to be compared in a symmetric way is designed via three fusion steps described in this article. The three fusion steps include luminance channels fusion, similarity maps fusion, and features fusion. A fusion weight coefficient is designed to fuse the luminance channels of input images as an enhancement operator for features. The extracted SR (spectral residual), gradient, and chrominance features, by means of symmetric calculations for the reference and distorted images, are conducted via similarity fusion processing. Then, based on the human visual system (HVS) characteristics of achromatic and chromatic information receiving, a features fusion map represents the weighted sum of three similarity fusion maps. Finally, a deviation pooling strategy is utilized to export the quality score after features fusion. The novel method is called the features fusion similarity index (FFS). Various experiments are carried out based on statistical evaluation criteria to optimize the parameters of FFS, after which the proposed method of FFS is compared with other state-of-the-art IQA methods using large-scale benchmark single distortion databases. The results show that FFS performs with higher consistency with respect to subjective scores in terms of prediction accuracy, e.g., the PLCC can achieve at least 0.9116 accuracy and at most 0.9774 accuracy for four databases. In addition, the average running time of FFS is 0.0657 s—a value representing a higher computational efficiency.

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Fu, Li Mei, and Guo Hua Peng. "Three-Steps Uncalibrated Rectification Using Epipolar Distance Transform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1341.

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A direct, efficient method for the problem of epipolar rectification in the uncalibrated casewas proposed. The method was based on minimizing a measure ofdistortion, by introducing anepipolar distance transform. The transform converted image intensity values to a relative locationinside a planar segment along the epipolar line, so it was robust to noises. The ratio of the distancesbetween two matching points in the epipolar lines was theoretically proved invariant to an affinetransformation for planar surfaces. To calculate the relative rotation between both cameras, thealgorithm was decomposed into three-steps to limit the distortion. Results show that the new measureis more appropriate for image rectification, and the three-step algorithm has obtained an accuracycomparable result both in estimation error and visual effect, especially when the initial epipolar linesare far from horizontal.

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Vasoo, Shawn. "Susceptibility Testing for the Polymyxins: Two Steps Back, Three Steps Forward?" Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 9 (2017): 2573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00888-17.

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ABSTRACTOptimizing and standardizing susceptibility testing for the polymyxins have become pressing issues, given the rise in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Recently, both the CLSI and EUCAST have recommended broth microdilution (BMD) (without polysorbate) as the reference method for polymyxin susceptibility testing. In this issue, K. L. Chew et al. (J Clin Microbiol 55:2609–2616, 2017,https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00268-17) compare the performances of three commercial BMD panels and the Etest to the reference, BMD, for polymyxin B and colistin, using 76Enterobacteriaceaeisolates (21 of which weremcr-1positive). Although none of the commercial BMD panels strictly met FDA performance standards in this evaluation, possibly because of the small number isolates tested, the Sensititre panel achieved >90% categorical agreement for both polymyxin compounds. These results also reaffirm CLSI and EUCAST guidance that gradient diffusion testing, which had unacceptable error rates, should be abandoned. In a simulated analysis with lowered breakpoints (susceptible, ≤1 mg/liter; intermediate, 2 mg/liter; resistant, ≥4 mg/liter), error rates and agreement were improved across the various methods and the rate of detection ofmcr-1-positive isolates improved. These observations, taken together with recent pharmacokinetic data on optimizing target attainment for the polymyxins, suggest that more-stringent (lower) breakpoints may be reasonable, although such an approach may be limited by the inherent reliability of current testing methodologies and a lack of robust clinical correlative data, which are sorely needed.

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Yan, H. H., R. Q. Zhang, H. F. Du, Y. C. Chi, and S. C. Xia. "Rhizoctonia solani Identified as the Disease Causing Agent of Peanut Leaf Rot in China." Plant Disease 97, no. 1 (2013): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0510-pdn.

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most economically important oil crops in the world. Since the 1990s, the peanut industry has developed rapidly in China. However, because of the use of high-yield varieties and increased plant density, a peanut leaf rot disease occurred in Laixi Experimental Fields in Shandong Province, China in 2007. Leaves had nearly circular, brown lesions that enlarged quickly developing yellow-brown halos at the edges of the lesions. High relative humidity under field conditions led to complete necrosis of the leaves with cotton wool-like mycelia observed followed by the development of sclerotia on the leaf surface. Symptomatic plants were observed between 2007 and 2010, and symptomatic leaf tissue was collected from the Laixi Experimental Fields. An isolate (designated YF-1) from symptomatic peanut leaves was isolated and purified on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and water agar (WA) medium. On PDA, the colony appeared initially as colorless and grew to the diameter of a 9-cm petri dish within 3 days. As the mycelium aged, the colony color gradually became light brown, and sclerotia developed on the surface of the colony. YF-1 was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kühn based on the number of nuclei per cell ranging from 4 to 13 (average 6.1), hyphal diameter being 7.5 to 12.9 μm (average 8.3 μm), branching at right angles, a septum was present near each hyphal branch with a slight constriction, and no clamp connection structures or conidia were ever observed (4). To further confirm the identity of isolate YF-1, genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Plant Mini DNA Extraction Kit (Shanghai Leifeng Biotechnol. Co., Ltd.), and the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA was amplified and sequenced with a pair of primers ITS1/ITS4 (2). A GenBank BLAST search produced an exact match for the sequences of R. solani (AY154301), with 100% sequence similarity. To estimate the mode of anastomosis, YF-1 was paired on WA medium with each reference strain belonging to anastomosis groups (AGs) 1 through 8 (provided by Shandong Agriculture University) (1,3). The results indicated that YF-1 belonged to group AG-1, subgroup AG-1-IA of R. solani. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating 10 peanut leaves using a colonized paper disc method (filter paper 1 cm in diameter suspended in the mycelia suspension). Ten control leaves received paper discs without mycelium. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were kept in humid chambers for 24 h at 25°C. Three days after inoculation, the leaves developed typical brown lesions that were similar to those of naturally diseased plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of R. solani from symptomatic leaves. No symptoms were observed on control leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of peanut leaf rot caused by R. solani. Occurrence of the disease in China is a new threat to the health of peanut. References: (1) Y. X. Chen et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 3:139, 1985. (2) T. Misawa and S. Kuninaga. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 76:310, 2010. (3) A. Ogoshi. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 38:117, 1972. (4) J. R. Jr. Pameter and H. S. Whitmey. UC Press. 135, 1970.

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Meyers-Rice, B., L. Sugars, T. McPoil, and MW Cornwall. "Comparison of three methods for obtaining plantar pressures in nonpathologic subjects." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 84, no. 10 (1994): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-84-10-499.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if pressure data, collected after taking one step or two steps, were similar to values obtained by using the traditional midgait method. Ten healthy subjects, with a mean age of 27 years, walked across a sensor platform sampling at 70 Hz. Each subject was randomly assigned to take one step, two steps, or multiple steps (midgait method) across the sensor platform. The results of the study indicate that the two-step method, in comparison with the one-step method, provides pressure data more representative of the midgait method, and different values for pressure and force will be obtained, depending on the method of pressure data collection selected by the clinician.

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Lou, Xiao Ping, Nai Guang Lv, Peng Sun, and Yi Min Lin. "Data Registration Method Based on Three Dimensional Target." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.87.

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Data registration method using special three dimensional target to track the structured light measurement system is discussed. Optical scanning device, tracking target and stereo vision system are integrated together to fulfill profile inspection of large-scale free-form surface objects without extra mark points. System architecture and processing steps are introduced and layout optimization methods of three dimensional target are illustrated. Experimental results are showed to evaluate the validity of the registration method and suggests are given to improve the accuracy of the system.

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Suryani, I., Wartono, Rahmadeni, and Khairudin. "Modification of three-steps iteration method with third-order hermite interpolation approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1116 (December 2018): 022045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/2/022045.

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Huang, Xu, Yongjun Zhang, and Zhaoxi Yue. "IMAGE-GUIDED NON-LOCAL DENSE MATCHING WITH THREE-STEPS OPTIMIZATION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-67-2016.

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This paper introduces a new image-guided non-local dense matching algorithm that focuses on how to solve the following problems: 1) mitigating the influence of vertical parallax to the cost computation in stereo pairs; 2) guaranteeing the performance of dense matching in homogeneous intensity regions with significant disparity changes; 3) limiting the inaccurate cost propagated from depth discontinuity regions; 4) guaranteeing that the path between two pixels in the same region is connected; and 5) defining the cost propagation function between the reliable pixel and the unreliable pixel during disparity interpolation. This paper combines the Census histogram and an improved histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature together as the cost metrics, which are then aggregated based on a new iterative non-local matching method and the semi-global matching method. Finally, new rules of cost propagation between the valid pixels and the invalid pixels are defined to improve the disparity interpolation results. The results of our experiments using the benchmarks and the Toronto aerial images from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) show that the proposed new method can outperform most of the current state-of-the-art stereo dense matching methods.

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Huang, Xu, Yongjun Zhang, and Zhaoxi Yue. "IMAGE-GUIDED NON-LOCAL DENSE MATCHING WITH THREE-STEPS OPTIMIZATION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-67-2016.

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This paper introduces a new image-guided non-local dense matching algorithm that focuses on how to solve the following problems: 1) mitigating the influence of vertical parallax to the cost computation in stereo pairs; 2) guaranteeing the performance of dense matching in homogeneous intensity regions with significant disparity changes; 3) limiting the inaccurate cost propagated from depth discontinuity regions; 4) guaranteeing that the path between two pixels in the same region is connected; and 5) defining the cost propagation function between the reliable pixel and the unreliable pixel during disparity interpolation. This paper combines the Census histogram and an improved histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature together as the cost metrics, which are then aggregated based on a new iterative non-local matching method and the semi-global matching method. Finally, new rules of cost propagation between the valid pixels and the invalid pixels are defined to improve the disparity interpolation results. The results of our experiments using the benchmarks and the Toronto aerial images from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) show that the proposed new method can outperform most of the current state-of-the-art stereo dense matching methods.

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Abdulrazzak, Firas H., Rawnaq B. Jimaa, Israa M. Radhi, and Takialdin A. Himdan. "XRD and Microscopic Images for Synthesis Graphite Nanoparticles by Oxidation Method." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 2 (2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.2.nq21016.

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Graphite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using mixture of H2O2/NH4OH with three steps of oxidation. The process of oxidations were analysis by XRD and optics microscopic images which shows clear change in particle size of graphite after every steps of oxidation. The method depend on treatments the graphite with H2O2 in two steps than complete the last steps by reacting with H2O2/NH4OH with equal quantities. The process did not reduces the several sheets for graphite but dispersion the aggregates of multi-sheets carbon when removed the Van Der Waals forces through the oxidation process.

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Anastassopoulos, George C. "Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction through two-dimensional multiresolution backprojection steps according to Marr’s method." Optical Engineering 48, no. 3 (2009): 037003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3089883.

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Li, Yang, Yi-Ping Cao, Zhen-Fen Huang, De-Liang Chen, and Shun-Ping Shi. "A three dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase shifting." Optics Communications 285, no. 21-22 (2012): 4285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.06.062.

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Xu, Yangyang, Zhigang Wu, Peiru Zhang, et al. "A novel enzymatic method for synthesis of glycopeptides carrying natural eukaryotic N-glycans." Chemical Communications 53, no. 65 (2017): 9075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc04362g.

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Morinaga, Eiji, Masayuki Yamada, Hidefumi Wakamatsu, and Eiji Arai. "Flexible Process Planning Method for Milling." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 5 (2011): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0700.

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This paper concerns the development of flexible Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP). In the agile manufacturing which has been strongly promoted, manufacturing situation changes dynamically. Therefore, the CAPP method which can be adaptable to these dynamic changes is required. From this point of view, there has been the method which is mainly composed of the following three steps – (i) decomposing the Total Removal Volume (TRV), (ii) recomposing parts obtained by decomposition, and (iii) extracting an optimal set of parts. Steps (i) and (ii) require a high computational load. We propose solving this problem by focusing on concave parts of the TRV in decomposition. The proposed method is also enhanced toward the multiaxis milling processes. A case study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposal.

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Song, Li Mei, Guang Xin Xing, Peng Qiang Wang, Jiang Tao Xi, and Qing Hua Guo. "A 3D Measurement Method Based on Three Frequencies PSP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.471.

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This paper proposes a method of global phase unwrapping used in multi-frequency three-dimensional (3D) measurements. In this method, three kinds of optical information which change in accordance with trigonometric function (sine or cosine) to the objects. The optical information cycles is P1, P2 and P3. Each waveform should 4-8 steps phase shifts. Then, calculate the phase value of each cycle. The composited phase value of two cycles and the final composited phase value of three cycles are calculated by image shift of each cycle. Finally, calculate the global phase value of each cycle based on the composited phase, thus, all the 3D coordinates of objects can be obtain after 3D reconstruction. The proposed method can solves the object surfaces color changing largely in 3D measurements. This method realizes high precision measurement without spray developer and achieves the protection of the environment.

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Rodriguez, Juan B., and Eduardo G. Gros. "A Convenient Method for the Preparation of (±)Juvenile Hormone III." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 1 (1990): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0118.

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Abstract Following a different approach methyl (2 E ,6 E)-farnesoate (4) was prepared in three steps from trans-geranylacetone (1). Compound 4 was regioselectively epoxidized to (±)juvenile hormone III.

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Badea, Irinel, Philippe Cotelle, and Jean-Pierre Catteau. "AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NEW SUBSTITUTED CHROMENS." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 9, no. 10 (2001): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v9.n10.2001.4_2001.pdf.

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Sumar-Ristovic, M., D. M. Minic, V. Blagojevic, and K. Andjelkovic. "Kinetics of multi-step processes of thermal degradation of Co(II) complex with N-benzyloxycarbonylglycinato ligand. Deconvolution of DTG curves." Science of Sintering 46, no. 1 (2014): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1401037s.

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Thermal decomposition of Co(II) complex with N-benzyloxycarbonylglycinato ligand, [Co(N-Boc-gly)2(H2O)4]?2H2O, in non-isothermal conditions occurs in three complex steps. In order to investigate detail kinetics of first two steps, dehydration and ligand degradation, DTG curves were deconvoluted using product of Gaussian and Lorentzian function. It was shown that process of complex dehydration consists of three, while process of ligand fragmentation consist of five elementary steps. For elementary steps the kinetic triplet (Ea, Z and f(?)) was determinated. Kinetic parameters were obtained by application of IKP method. On the basis of M?lek?s criteria and Sest?k-Berggren's method, Sest?k-Berggren's model, f(?)=?M(1-?)N was suggested for all elementary steps, while Master plot method and Perez- Maqueda criteria confirmed suggested reaction models. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated for process of complex dehydration, and lifetime for first elementary step of the dehydration and ligand degradation processes was estimated.

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Lei, Rong Rong, Zuo Liang Sha, Liang Zhu, Li Bin Yang, and Yan Fei Wang. "Investigation on Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ulipristal Acetate (Form B)." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.260.

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Non-isothermal thermogravimetry analysis was applied to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of ulipristal acetate (form B). According to the experimental result, ulipristal acetate (form B) decomposed included three steps. Based on different kinetics function of corresponding thermal decomposition mechanisms and experimental data of ulipristal acetate (form B), decomposition mechanisms of three steps of ulipristal acetate (form B) were analyzed by differential method. According to fitting results of different mechanism functions, decomposition mechanisms of three steps of ulipristal acetate (form B) were determined, and three corresponding thermal decomposition dynamic functions were also obtained.

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Zhou, Jian Guo. "Macroscopic Lattice Boltzmann Method." Water 13, no. 1 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010061.

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The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a highly simplified model for fluid flows using a few limited fictitious particles. It has been developed into a very efficient and flexible alternative numerical method in computational physics, demonstrating its great power and potential for resolving more and more challenging physical problems in science and engineering covering a wide range of disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, material science and image analysis. The LBM is implemented through the two routine steps of streaming and collision using the three parameters of the lattice size, particle speed and collision operator. A fundamental question is if the two steps are integral to the method or if the three parameters can be reduced to one for a minimal lattice Boltzmann method. In this paper, it is shown that the collision step can be removed and the standard LBM can be reformulated into a simple macroscopic lattice Boltzmann method (MacLAB). This model relies on macroscopic physical variables only and is completely defined by one basic parameter of the lattice size δx, bringing the LBM into a precise “lattice” Boltzmann method. The viscous effect on flows is naturally embedded through the particle speed, making it an ideal automatic simulator for fluid flows. Three additional advantages compared to the existing LBMs are that: (i) physical variables can directly be retained as the boundary conditions; (ii) much less computational memory is required; and (iii) the model is unconditionally stable. The findings are demonstrated and confirmed with numerical tests including flows that are independent of and dependent on fluid viscosity, 2D and 3D cavity flows and an unsteady Taylor–Green vortex flow. This provides an efficient and powerful model for resolving physical problems in various disciplines of science and engineering.

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Vu, Tam Minh, and Quang Van Le. "THE COMPLEX RESEARCH METHOD IN THE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 26 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.26.2017.98.

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The complex case study is one of the qualitative research methods applied in many fields. However, studies using this method are limited since various forms need identifying in orderto match the research objectives. Within the content of this article, the author introduces the basic theories and steps of the complex case study in qualitative analysis. In addition, in order to facilitate the clearer understanding and the application, this article illustrates the topic of "innovation in cooperation between third party logistics service providers and customers" using this method. In this article, the author presents three analytical cases: (1) Nike - APL Logistic scenarios; (2) APL Logistic - TBS Logistics; (3) APL Logistic - ICD Tan Cang Song Than to clarify the steps of the complex case study methodology.

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Costella, Marcelo Fabiano, Gustavo Bugnotto, Analice Pinzon, Paulo Eduardo Lopes, and Francieli Dalcanton. "Proposal and evaluation of a method to implement the lean construction principles." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 15, no. 4 (2018): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n4.a8.

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Since there is a gap between the concepts of the lean construction philosophy and an effective method of implementation in construction companies, the objective of this paper is to propose and evaluate a method to implement the lean construction principles. The method was constructed and evaluated through the application during 120 days of an action research in a pre-cast concrete company involving both researchers and the members of the company. The lean construction implementation method has three stages (preparation, application, and deployment), and it consists of three steps in each stage, totaling 9 steps. The evaluation of the method was satisfactory since the application was methodologically successful. In addition, it resulted in a cycle time reduction of 23.5% and the share of value-adding activities increased from 57.8% to 72.6%.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "A New Three Step Iterative Method without Second Derivative for Solving Nonlinear Equations." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (2015): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.3.632-637.

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In this paper , an efficient new procedure is proposed to modify third –order iterative method obtained by Rostom and Fuad [Saeed. R. K. and Khthr. F.W. New third –order iterative method for solving nonlinear equations. J. Appl. Sci .7(2011): 916-921] , using three steps based on Newton equation , finite difference method and linear interpolation. Analysis of convergence is given to show the efficiency and the performance of the new method for solving nonlinear equations. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated by numerical examples.

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Jiang, Xiao Qin, Yan Gong, Sa Han, and Ke Zhou. "Application of the Improved Three-Ratio Method in Chromatographic Analysis of Locomotive Transformer Oil." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.29.

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The chromatographic analysis of gas dissolved in oil can monitor transformer operation state at any time.It will help to find out transformer latent fault.The chromatogram analysis of locomotive transformer oil mainly adopts the improved three-ratio method.This paper introduces the improved three-ratio method and chromatogram analysis steps,through the concrete example,shows that the improved three-ratio method for transformer fault diagnosis result is basically matched with the actual fault reason,and summarizes attentions.

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Cho, Eun Jin, Yoon Gyo Lee, Jihye Chang, and Hyeun-Jong Bae. "A High-Yield Process for Production of Biosugars and Hesperidin from Mandarin Peel Wastes." Molecules 25, no. 18 (2020): 4286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184286.

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In this research, novel biorefinery processes for obtaining value-added chemicals such as biosugar and hesperidin from mandarin peel waste (MPW) are described. Herein, three different treatment methods were comparatively evaluated to obtain high yields of biosugar and hesperidin from MPW. Each method was determined by changes in the order of three processing steps, i.e., oil removal, hesperidin extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The order of the three steps was found to have a significant influence on the production yields. Biosugar and hesperidin production yields were highest with method II, where the processing steps were performed in the following order: oil removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hesperidin extraction. The maximum yields obtained with method II were 34.46 g of biosugar and 6.48 g of hesperidin per initial 100 g of dry MPW. Therefore, the methods shown herein are useful for the production of hesperidin and biosugar from MPW. Furthermore, the utilization of MPWs as sources of valuable materials may be of considerable economic benefits and has become increasingly attractive.

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Ghelishli, Yaser, Seied Sepehr Ghazinoory, and Seyed Ziaodin GhazizadehFard. "The Impact of Social Capital on Enterprise Architecture of Government-to-Government in Iran: A Scenario Planning Approach." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 01 (2014): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol2iss01pp21-34.

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We combined three areas of social capital, G2G and the enterprise architecture (EA) which are some of the important areas. Due to the complexity of governments’ responsibilities, using G2G EA is essential. Three EA styles and five elements of G2G are elected and a combination method of scenario planning and interviews is chosen as the research method. Four steps are determined for the scenario planning(SP) process. And, in one of the steps in SP, we create 9 scenarios with three elements of social capital (Trust, Partnership and Norm). Then, by using interviews, we propose eight different combinations of the three styles of EA and five elements of G2G.

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HUKUSHIMA, KOJI, HAJIME TAKAYAMA, and KOJI NEMOTO. "APPLICATION OF AN EXTENDED ENSEMBLE METHOD TO SPIN GLASSES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 07, no. 03 (1996): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183196000272.

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An efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for simulating hardly-relaxing systems is proposed. By using this algorithm the three-dimensional ± J Ising spin glass model is studied. The result shows that reasonable values of the critical temperature and of the critical exponents can be obtained within Monte Carlo steps much shorter than the observation time a conventional simulation usually requires.

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Sheu, Jia-Shing, Wei-Cian Jheng, and Chih-Hung Hsiao. "Implementation of a Three-Dimensional Pedometer Automatic Accumulating Walking or Jogging Motions in Arbitrary Placement." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/372814.

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This study proposes a method for using a three-axis accelerometer and a single-chip microcontrol unit to implement a three-dimensional (3D) pedometer that can automatically identify walking and running motions. The proposed design can calculate the number of walking and running steps down to small numbers of steps and can be easily worn, thus remedying defects of generic mechanical and 3D pedometers. The user’s motion state is calculated using a walk/run mode switching algorithm.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "New Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 4 (2014): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.4.1649-1654.

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The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient three steps iterative method for finding the zeros of the nonlinear equation f(x)=0 . Starting with a suitably chosen , the method generates a sequence of iterates converging to the root. The convergence analysis is proved to establish its five order of convergence. Several examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed new method and its comparison with other methods.

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Chen, Xue Ye, and Hong Zeng. "Macro-Micro Modeling Analysis for a Two-Steps Micro Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.412.

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A macro-micro modeling method was presented for simulating the phenomenon in three-dimensional micro reactor. This paper discusses the use of macro-micro modeling method to predict the concentration variation of various reactants in the reactor. The macro model was used to predict the overall behavior of the reactor. The micro model was used to predict the local behavior of the reactor. With the macro-micro modeling method, the computational efficiency has been significantly improved. The macro-micro modeling method will facilitate design of the micro reactor.

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Marti-Puig, P., J. Danés, A. Manjabacas, and A. Lombarte. "New parameterisation method for three-dimensional otolith surface images." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 7 (2016): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15069.

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The three-dimensional (3-D) otolith shapes recently included in the Anàlisi de FORmes d’Otòlits (AFORO) database are defined by means of clouds of points across their surfaces. Automatic retrieval and classification of natural objects from 3-D databases becomes a difficult and time-consuming task when the number of elements in the database becomes large. In order to simplify that task we propose a new method for compacting data from 3-D shapes. The new method has two main steps. The first is a subsampling process, the result of which can always be interpreted as a closed curve in the 3-D space by considering the retained points in an appropriate order. The subsampling preserves morphological information, but greatly reduces the number of points required to represent the shape. The second step treats the coordinates of the 3-D closed curves as periodic functions. Therefore, Fourier expansions can be applied to each coordinate, producing more information compression into a reduced set of points. The method can reach very high information compression factors. It also allows reconstruction of the 3-D points resulting from the subsampling process in the first step. This parameterisation method is able to capture 3-D information relevant to classification of fish species from their otoliths, providing a greater percentage of correctly classified specimens compared with the previous two-dimensional analysis.

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Eisenmann, Matthias, Patric Grauberger, and Sven Matthiesen. "SUPPORTING EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN METHOD VALIDATION - AN APPROACH TO ASSESS APPLICABILITY." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 2821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.543.

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AbstractDesign method validation is an important research activity in method development. But the design method's applicability is often left out in validation, although it is a necessary step and it enables further validation steps. Currently, there is a lack of support for the assessment of design method applicability. We present an approach to provide support for iterative studies on three aspects of design method applicability. We evaluate the approach in a single case study. In the study, we investigate the applicability of a method for model building in analysis, in three iterative steps of the approach. Application of the approach produced valuable insights on the method applicability. The results show how aspects of applicability can be assessed using the presented approach. Therefore, the approach can contribute to the standardisation of design method validation, especially for early stages of validation, which is currently discussed in the community.

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Zhao, Ran, Chao Li, Xiaowei Guo, Sijiang Fan, Yi Wang, and Canqun Yang. "A Block Iteration with Parallelization Method for the Greedy Selection in Radial Basis Functions Based Mesh Deformation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061141.

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Greedy algorithm is one of the important point selection methods in the radial basis function based mesh deformation. However, in large-scale mesh, the conventional greedy selection will generate expensive time consumption and result in performance penalties. To accelerate the computational procedure of the point selection, a block iteration with parallelization method is proposed in this paper. By the block iteration method, the computational complexities of three steps in the greedy selection are all reduced from O ( n 3 ) to O ( n 2 ) . In addition, the parallelization of two steps in the greedy selection separates boundary points into sub-cores, efficiently accelerating the procedure. Specifically, three typical models of three-dimensional undulating fish, ONERA M6 wing and three-dimensional Super-cavitating Hydrofoil are taken as the test cases to validate the proposed method and the results show that it improves 17.41 times performance compared to the conventional method.

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Cao, Yan Long, Kui Zhao, Jiang Xin Yang, Jia Yan Guan, and Bo Li. "A Study on Economic Analysis of HOQ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1519.

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This paper put forward the concept of economic house of quality (EHOQ), constructing EHOQ model based on quality economic analysis. The proposed method expands the 10-steps model of traditional house to a new 13-steps model via introducing three new steps which are growth rate of customer cognitive price, annual increment of quality comprehensive cost and enterprise expected revenue to carrying out the economic analysis on HOQ. The new method breaks the limitations of traditional quality function deployment (QFD) construction without revenue analysis.

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Hendrawan, Wawan, Eva Tuckyta, Ekaning Krisnawati, and Nani Darmayanti. "Didactic Oriented Study: Move and Transitivity Analysis of Method, Result, and Discussion Sections in Research Articles." European Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 3 (2022): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.3.1259.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">This study expounds how the analysis of move and transitivity in the method, result, and discussion sections contributes to the advancement of novice writers’ writing skills by providing a writing pattern applied when composing research articles. To this aim, a qualitative approach with descriptive technique is employed to encapsulate and explain the phenomena being studied. The data are the method, result, and discussion sections of research articles (RAs) drawn from top tier journals categorized as language and linguistics and analyzed based on macro structure (move and steps) and micro structure (transitivity). The results indicate that 11 moves and 38 steps discovered, in detail, these consist of three moves and 15 steps in method, four moves and 10 steps in result, and four moves and 13 steps in discussion. As for the successions of the move steps, few inter-move step shifts observed. This is in contrast with the outer-move step shifts that commonly occurred. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the transitivity analysis suggest that there are six processes revealed including material, relational, verbal, mental, existential, and behavioral consecutively with material dominating and behavioral the fewest. The results of the present study may supplement the teaching materials reside in English for a research purpose. </p>

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Zhang, Yong Gang, Jian Min Xu, Tie Fang Zou, and Yu Liu. "A Method for Reconstructing Vehicle - Vehicle Impact Accidents Based on Pc-Crash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.799.

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To reconstruct accident succinctly and scientifically, four steps of vehicle-vehicle impact accident reconstruction based on Pc-Crash were discussed, including accident scene reconstruction, vehicle modeling, accident reconstruction, result analysis and verification. Three accident scene reconstruction methods were proposed. Key attention was paid to methods which can reduce difficulties of accident reconstruction, such as drive model, equivalent energy speed (EES) database and collision optimizer. Finally, a case study was conducted, which confirmed that the proposed four steps can simplify vehicle-vehicle accident reconstruction while maintaining satisfying objectivity and reliability. This paper can contribute to the better application of Pc-Crash to traffic accident reconstruction.

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Li, Rui. "Linear Comprehensive Evaluation Method on Intercultural Communicative Competence." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 4323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.4323.

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With the continuous development of economic globalization and information network, the intercultural communication people from different regions and cultural backgrounds are widespread. For the problems in intercultural personnel training and evaluation, this paper uses linear comprehensive evaluation method to conduct the study based on evaluation index system. First, building an evaluation mathematical model, and the evaluation could be divided into three steps according to solving process; then, creating the index weight vectors, which includes one-level index weight vector and six two-level index weight vectors; finally, comprehensive evaluation case study should be carried on according to solving steps, so you can get evaluation findings. The advantages of the method presented in this paper is that the interaction between each evaluation index obtains linear compensation, so it ensures the fairness of the comprehensive evaluation and plays an important role in promoting intercultural communication and personnel training.

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Amini, Keyvan, and Faramarz Rostami. "Three-steps modified Levenberg–Marquardt method with a new line search for systems of nonlinear equations." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 300 (July 2016): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2015.12.013.

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Akao, Yoji. "The Method for Motivation by Quality Function Deployment (QFD)." Nang Yan Business Journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nybj-2014-0001.

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Abstract This paper presented a study on proposing a method for motivation with the use of QFD. It was reported by three students who majored in MOT at Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University in 2009. QFD has been widely used in manufacture and service industries for making improvement with the existing products and programs. However, in this study, QFD was not used in the sense of “activation” to improve motivation. Rather, it took the viewpoint of “what is required by customers”, the central theme QFD, to approach the problem. With reference to the process of knowledge conversion suggested by the SECI Model, the study operated with the basic principles and steps of QFD. In the paper, the major steps of QFD leading to setting quality planning were outlined and the implication of the study was discussed.

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Novotny, Anna C. "Implementing Photogrammetry in Three Bioarchaeological Contexts: Steps for In-Field Documentation." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 1 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.45.

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AbstractHuman skeletal remains hold a wealth of information about past life-ways, but their documentation and recovery from archaeological contexts is challenging. Four challenges face bioarchaeological field work: poor skeletal preservation; complex mortuary traditions; sub-par excavation conditions; and excavation time limits. Poor preservation often prevents the collection of metric data from skeletons. This project tested whether a bioarchaeologist with basic photography skills and excavation equipment could address these challenges using photogrammetry. Photogrammetry was employed at the ancient Maya sites of Say Kah and Chan Chich, both located in northern Belize, to document human skeletal remains and their archaeological contexts. Steps are provided for implementing photogrammetry in the field, as well as addressing challenges for using the technique during burial documentation. This project produced only one adequate 3-D model and no metric data could be collected. Overall, photogrammetry seems to be a promising method for bioarchaeological research because it is low-cost, effective, and fairly straightforward to learn. The technique was faster than traditional line drawing, but sub-par excavation conditions and dark, small spaces hindered the creation of useful models. Photogrammetry provides an excellent alternative to traditional documentation addressing the challenges of poor skeletal preservation and holding potential for unraveling complex mortuary traditions.

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Haryanti, Dhena Usthiana, Rohmati Nur Indah, and Sri Wahyuni. "ENHANCING ORAL PROFICIENCY USING THREE STEPS INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE FOR ELEVENTH GRADERS." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v9i1.3271.

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Enhancing students' abilities and potential is an important thing that every teacher must do gradually. The ability to speak in a foreign language is one of the skills that must be developed, which will benefit students in their learning process. The aim of this study is to enhance students' oral proficiency using Three steps interview technique for eleventh-grade students. Quasi-Experimental research design as a method applied in this study, to determine whether students are learning to use the technique Three Steps Interview has the ability to speak that better than the students who are taught using the technique of group discussion. This research involves two classes divided into an experimental class and a control class with 32 students in each class. Students received special treatment in the experimental class, namely, using the Three Steps Interview technique, while in the control class, the researcher applied the Group Discussion technique. The instrument used in testing students' oral proficiency was using a pretest before implementing learning techniques in each class and doing a posttest after applying learning techniques. The data analysis results showed that p(0.000)< significance level (0.05), which means that Three Steps Interview has significant effect as cooperative learning on oral proficiency, motivation and enthusiasm during the learning process. Thus, students can easily express their ideas and opinions confidently.

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Baek, Seung Hyun, Alberto Garcia-Diaz, and Yuanshun Dai. "Multi-choice wavelet thresholding based binary classification method." Methodology 16, no. 2 (2020): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.2787.

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Data mining is one of the most effective statistical methodologies to investigate a variety of problems in areas including pattern recognition, machine learning, bioinformatics, chemometrics, and statistics. In particular, statistically-sophisticated procedures that emphasize on reliability of results and computational efficiency are required for the analysis of high-dimensional data. Optimization principles can play a significant role in the rationalization and validation of specialized data mining procedures. This paper presents a novel methodology which is Multi-Choice Wavelet Thresholding (MCWT) based three-step methodology consists of three processes: perception (dimension reduction), decision (feature ranking), and cognition (model selection). In these steps three concepts known as wavelet thresholding, support vector machines for classification and information complexity are integrated to evaluate learning models. Three published data sets are used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Additionally, performance comparisons with recent and widely applied methods are shown.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-steps method by Kühn'

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