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Academic literature on the topic 'Three types of steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Three types of steel"

Sugimoto, Koh-ichi, Shoya Shioiri, and Junya Kobayashi. "Evaluation of Shear-Punched Surface Layer Damage in Three Types of High-Strength TRIP-Aided Steel." Metals 14, no. 5 (2024): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14050531.

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The damage properties in the shear-punched surface layer, such as the strain-hardening increment, strain-induced martensite fraction, and initiated micro-crack/void characteristics at the shear and break sections, were experimentally evaluated to relate to the stretch-flangeability in three types of low-carbon high-strength TRIP-aided steel with different matrix structures. In addition, the surface layer damage properties were related to the mean normal stress developed on shear-punching and microstructural properties. The shear-punched surface damage of these steels was experimentally confirm

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Xu, Tian Han, Yao Rong Feng, Sheng Yin Song, Zhi Hao Jin, and Dang Hui Wang. "Investigation of Fracture Mechanism of Casing-Drilling Steels." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1647.

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The paper reports on an investigation of the fracture mechanism of both tensile and impact fracture in three types of casing-drilling steels. The results show that the tensile fracture surface of N80 steel includes fibrous zone, radiation area and shear lip zone, and those of both K55 and P110 steels include two zones; all the tensile fracture surfaces of three types of casing drilling steels show the ductile fracture mode, the ductile fracture mode indicated with dimples is observed on all zones; the impact fracture surface of the N80 steel possesses a combined quasi-cleavage and ductile frac

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Jiang, Jianbo, Chenyang Huang, Huiyong Ban, and Letian Hai. "High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Titanium-Clad Bimetallic Steel with Different Interfacial Conditions." Buildings 13, no. 3 (2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030758.

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Titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel is an advanced composite steel consisting of metallurgically bonded titanium alloy and structural steel. This paper compared the high-cycle fatigue properties of three types of TC bimetallic steels, including two hot-rolled bonding types with different bonding strengths and an explosion-bonded type. The three types of TC bimetallic steels were all manufactured from TA2 titanium alloy as the cladding metal and Q355B structural steel as the substrate metal, of which the thicknesses are 2 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Based on the comparison results, the qualitati

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Li, Guannan, Xiaopei Guo, Tao Li, and Shuoyang Wang. "Development of low-cost weathering steel for photovoltaic supports." Metallurgical Research & Technology 120, no. 1 (2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023009.

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The demand for galvanized steels used for the photovoltaic supports has been increasing significantly with the widely application of photovoltaic equipment. However, the producing progress of galvanized steel has caused serious environment pollution which mainly includes water pollution and soil pollution. Therefore, the alternatives of galvanized steel are sought by numerous steel manufactures. Weathering steel emerged as one of its substitutes. In this paper, three types of weathering steel were developed as substitutes for galvanized steel Q235. The mechanical properties and wet-dry acceler

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Koniorczyk, Piotr, Janusz Zmywaczyk, Andrzej Dębski, Mateusz Zieliński, Marek Preiskorn, and Judyta Sienkiewicz. "Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Three Barrel Steels." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050573.

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In this paper, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity measurements were performed for three types of barrel steel, 38HMJ (1.8509), 30HN2MFA, and duplex (1.4462). Thermal diffusivity tests as a function of temperature were performed in the range of room temperature (RT) to 500 °C, and specific heat in the range of RT to 1000 °C. All tests were carried out using NETZSCH specialized measuring stands: LFA 467 light flash apparatus and DSC 404 F1 Pegasus differential scanning calorimeter. In the measurements of thermal diffusivity, the reference material Inconel 600 was used. This made it possible t

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Zhou, Zhao Peng, Qin Fang, Fei Li, Xin Hua Zhu, and Yan Mi Wang. "Experimental Study on Cross Section Lateral Compression Energy Absorption Characteristics of Three Types of Steel Tubes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.228.

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In order to understand the energy absorption characteristics of various types of steel tubes and provide certain basis for model selection in the engineering application, this paper adopts the experimental study to conduct the comparative study on lateral quasi-static compression energy absorption characteristics of three types of steel tubes, i.e. round steel tube, square steel tube and hexagonal steel tube. Through analysis of the test phenomenon, the total energy absorbed by equal deformation and the energy absorbed per unit mass, the result shows that the steel tube with hexagonal cross se

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Li, Xiang, Xiao Long, Linzhu Wang, et al. "Inclusion Characteristics in 95CrMo Steels with Different Calcium and Sulfur Contents." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030619.

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In order to study the effect of Ca and sulfur contents on the characteristics of inclusions, industrial experiments using 95CrMo steel were conducted. SEM-EDS detections and stereological analysis were used to probe the characteristics of inclusions, including their compositions, morphologies, size, number density, and distribution. The results indicate that there were mainly three types of inclusions in 95CrMo steel billets with 6–18 ppm Ca and 30–100 ppm S: inclusions with single-phased morphology mainly composed of oxides; isolated MnS/CaS-only inclusions; inclusions with multi-phased morph

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Cheng, Mohd Zulhasyree Mohd Zulkifli, and Yusri Yusof. "Performance of Turning Steels by Using Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Cutting Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.146.

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PCBN cutting tool is widely used in turning process and known as second best cutting tool after Diamond. This study investigates the suitability of PCBN cutting tool to cut variety types of steel. Experimental results for three major parameters which are cutting speed 150, 175 and 200 m/min, depth of cut 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm, and feed 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm/rev were converted into surface roughness analysis to look on the performance of PCBN to cut three different types of steels. The selected work materials of carbon steel AISI 1040, alloy steel AISI 4140 and tool steed AISI D2 were machined in

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Peng, Hao, Yunlong Zhao, Wanwan Fu, et al. "Comparative Study of Anti-Corrosion Properties of Different Types of Press-Hardened Steels." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051022.

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Hot stamping (or press hardening) is a new technology that is widely used in the production of advanced high-strength steel parts for automotive applications. Electrochemical measurements, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and accelerated corrosion tests (the neutral salt spray test and periodic immersion test) were conducted on press-hardened samples produced from uncoated (cold-rolled and cold strip production (CSP) hot-rolled) and Al–Si-coated press-hardened steels to elucidate their distinct anti-corrosion mechanisms. The cross-section

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Djafar, Zuryati, Sallolo Suluh, Novriany Amaliyah, and Wahyu H. Piarah. "Comparison of the Performance of Biomass Briquette Stoves on Three Types of Stove Wall Materials." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, no. 6 (2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170119.

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The performance analysis of the biomass briquette stove has been carried out. The research was conducted with three variations of stove wall materials (clay, steel, and aluminum) and with several variations of shell diameter of the burning chamber (140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, and 180mm). The fuel used is coconut shell briquettes. The results showed that the maximum fire temperature of clay, steel, and aluminum stoves was obtained, respectively 798℃, 617℃, 508℃ and thermal efficiency of 73.66% for clay followed by a steel stove of 38.98% and the lowest is obtained on an aluminum-based stove, wh

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three types of steel"

Raslan, M. S. "Three-dimensional stability of steel frameworks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379317.

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Barlow, Karen Haun. "Family Stress Factors Across Three Family Types." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330747/.

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This study investigated the difference in stress levels of stress factors according to the structure or type of family. The relatedness of the ranking of stress factors within and across three family types and the relationship between level of stress and number of years in current family type were also examined. Important aspects of this study were using three family types, using families seeking counseling as the subjects, and investigating numerous stress factors across family types. These research techniques avoided the limitations of previous research which investigated only one family typ

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Henrie, Alisa J. Millar. "Percolation paths of three-dimensions in sensitized stainless steel /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd352.pdf.

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Moor, Constantin. "Three dimensional analysis of steel portal frame buildings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36010/1/36010_Moor_1997.pdf.

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The true strength and deflection behaviour of industrial and commercial steel portal frame buildings is understood better if the effects of stiffness of end frames and profiled steel claddings are included. The conventional designs ignore these effects and are very much based on an idealised twodimensional frame behaviour. This thesis describes an investigation into the three-dimensional behaviour of steel portal frame buildings using computer modelling and full scale tests. The full scale tests of a 12 m x 12 m clad and unclad steel portal frame building with true pinned and standard

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Madhoo, Amika. "A comparison of three types of orthodontic study models." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8126.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)<br>The aim of this present study was to compare the accuracy of digital and printed study models with plaster study models, that are considered the gold standard. The objectives were to compare the accuracy of measurements obtained from digital and printed study models with those of plaster study models, to establish which type of study model yielded the most accurate measurements in comparison to plaster study models and to identify possible disadvantages and errors that can be made using any of the three types of study models.

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Kongwattananon, Oranit. "Arvo Pärt and Three Types of His Tintinnabuli Technique." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271844/.

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Arvo Pärt, an Estonian composer, was born in 1935. Most of the works at the beginning of his career were for piano in the neo-classical style. After that, he turned his interest to serial music and continued creating works with serial techniques throughout the 1960s. After his "self-imposed silence" period (during the years 1968-1976), Pärt emerged with a new musical style, which he called tintinnabuli. Although, this technique was influenced by music from the medieval period, the texture and function of its musical style cannot be described easily in terms of any single musical technique of t

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Li, Zhaojun. "On the Differentiation between Three Types of Conditional Dependence." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu156149576564503.

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Qian, Yu. "Three types of Chinese deities : stone, tree and land." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264115.

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Henrie, Alisa Jean. "Percolation Paths of Three-Dimensions in Sensitized Stainless Steel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/16.

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The study of three-dimensional percolation paths through materials is important in its contribution to understanding defect sensitive properties of materials. This work shows the importance of grain boundary character in modeling defect sensitive boundaries. Also presented are trends of percolation of sensitized grain boundaries in 304 stainless steel (304SS). Of particular interest is how open paths form in a three-dimensional model created through serial sectioning. Evidence is presented that triple or quadruple points that contain typically two boundaries with special character that inte

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Stapley, Kathryn M. G. "A sociolinguistic study of three types of Tunisian Arabic song." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442914.

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Books on the topic "Three types of steel"

Wipf, Terry J. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of different steel reinforcement types. Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, 2006.

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Pouchée, Louis John. Ornamented types: Twenty three alphabets. I.M. Imprimit in association with the St. Bride Printing Library, 1992.

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Clark, Gordon Haddon. Three types of religious philosophy. 2nd ed. Trinity Foundation, 1989.

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Dunning, Stephen N. Dialectical readings: Three types of interpretation. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

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Roland, Bärtschi, ed. New types of shear connectors with powder-actuated fasteners. Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion ETH Zürich, 2002.

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Cooper and Brass Sales, Inc., ed. Stainless steel for quality beyond skin deep: A users guide to types, characteristics, applications, and availability. Cooper and Brass Sales, 1987.

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González, Justo L. Christian thought revisited: Three types of theology. Abingdon Press, 1989.

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1943-, Favorini Attilio, ed. Steel/City: A docudrama in three acts. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.

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Ṿardi, ʻAdah. New types: Three pioneers of Hebrew graphic design. The Israel Museum, 2016.

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Haavio-Mannila, Elina. Women in the workplace in three types of societies. The University of Michigan, Center for the Education of Women, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Three types of steel"

Wan, Li, Xiang Pan, Lizhen Huang, Baotao Huang, Cai Yang, and Yiming Du. "The Influence of Coating Material and Thickness on the Corrosion Degree of Q345 Steel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_6.

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AbstractIn order to investigate the anti-corrosion effect of coated steel of steel bridge, Q345 steel plate specimens with three types of coatings, including zinc coating, aluminum coating and zinc-aluminum coating, are produced by the arc spraying technology. In the present study, chlorine corrosion tests are performed to investigate the influence law of different coating material and its thickness on the corrosion degree. Then the calculation results of two corrosion indicators are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the two corrosion indicators reflect the same corrosion law of three ki

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Momoh, Emmanuel Owoichoechi, Mohammad Hajsadeghi, Amila Jayasinghe, et al. "Compressive Characteristics of Perforated Re-entrant Auxetic Steel Honeycomb–Mortar Composite." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_21.

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AbstractThe possibility of achieving auxetic behaviour in conventional materials is currently attracting significant research interests in the form of auxetically enhanced cementitious composites and, especially, in re-entrant honeycomb structures. Most studies on the behaviour of re-entrant steel honeycomb auxetic reinforcement for concrete focus on achieving uniplanar auxetic behaviour perpendicular to the direction of loading. This study focuses on investigating multi-planar auxetic behaviour throughout the composite. The auxetic behaviour was achieved by perforating the steel sheets before

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Lande, Ingrid, Andrej A. Sørensen, Martin Hagen, and Rein Terje Thorstensen. "Reducing the CO2 Footprint of UHPC Through Portland Cement Substitution." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_6.

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AbstractThis study focuses on reducing the CO2-eq footprint of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) by substituting Portland cement with alternative binders. Three types of cement types which are pre-accepted in the standard EN 197 were used: CEM I with >95% ordinary Portland cement (OPC), CEM II with 30% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and CEM II with 70% GGBS. Fresh state consistency, compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength were evaluated, in addition to a comparison of CO2-eq footprints. Results showed that while the compressive strength was brought to the same

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Rawat, S., Y. X. Zhang, and C. K. Lee. "Spalling Resistance of Hybrid Polyethylene and Steel Fiber-Reinforced High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composite." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_33.

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AbstractWe analyzed the effect of elevated temperatures on the integrity of high-strength engineered cementitious composite (ECC) made with a hybrid combination of polyethylene (PE) and steel fibers. The 50 mm cube specimens were subjected to temperature ranging from 200 to 800 °C at three different heating rates: 1, 5, and 10 °C/min. Five different types of mixes with varying content of supplementary cementitious materials and fibers were evaluated. No spalling was observed at 1–5 °C/min heating rate and <400 °C. However, at a heating rate of 10 °C/min for temperature 600–800 °C, all ECC s

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Rajendran, Mohan Kumar, Michael Budnitzki, and Meinhard Kuna. "Multi-scale Modeling of Partially Stabilized Zirconia with Applications to TRIP-Matrix Composites." In Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42603-3_21.

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Abstract The understanding of how the microstructure influences the mechanical response is an essential pre-requisite for materials tailored to match specific requirements. The aim of this chapter is to further this understanding in the context of Mg-PSZ-TRIP-steel composites on three different scales using a set of methods ranging from phase-field simulations over micromechanics to continuum constitutive modeling. On the microscale, using a Ginzburg-Landau type phase-field model the effects of cooling- and stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in MgO-PSZ is clearly distinguished. Ad

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Hosseini, Seyed Vahid, Shahnavaz Eilbeigi, and Mohammad Reza Nilforoushan. "Effects of Three Types of Iron and Steel Slag on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_89.

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Hosseini, Seyed Vahid, Shahnavaz Eilbeigi, and Mohammad Reza Nilforoushan. "Effects of Three Types of Iron and Steel Slag on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch89.

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Xie, Caibo, Songhan Nie, Yiqi Tao, and Zhanpeng Lu. "Correlating IASCC Growth Rate Data to Some Key Parameters for Austenitic Stainless Steels in High Temperature Water." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_89.

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AbstractAustenitic stainless steels have been widely used for fabricating reactor core-internal components in PWRs due to its high strength, ductility and fracture toughness. The accelerated failure or degradation of austenitic stainless steel represented by IASCC has become one of the key problems affecting the safe and efficient operation of reaction core-internal in PWR nuclear power plants. IASCC is generally divided into three stages: crack initiation, crack propagation and instable fracture. Among the three stages, the crack initiation stage would occupy the major service time, the crack

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Pérez Caldentey, Alejandro, Luigino Dezi, Javier Jordán, Graziano Leoni, Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert. "Case studies considering the influence of the time-dependent behaviour of concrete on the serviceability limit state design of composite steel-concrete bridges." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch8.

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<p>This chapter introduces three case studies that describe how aspects related to the serviceability limit state design associated with the time-dependent behaviour of concrete can be considered in a design situation. The first case study considers the Oxec II Bridge in Guatemala. It provides an overview of the stress verification of the steel section of the composite bridge and accounts for concrete time effects to capture the stress redistribution that occurs between the concrete and the steel components. The second case study deals with the Yalquincha Viaduct in Chile and provides an

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Rossi, Jessica, and Augusto Bianchini. "Optimisation of the Melting Furnace Unit in an Italian Aluminium Foundry to Reduce Gas Methane Consumption." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_87.

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AbstractThe foundry industry is one of the most energy-intensive industrial sectors. Consequently, the energy cost can reach 7–15% of the cost of the operations. Among all the types of energy used, the most significant part of energy consumption is associated in Italy with gas methane in different typologies of melting furnaces. According to the treated material (e.g., aluminium, steel, cast iron), the foundry process can vary; however, some operations characterize the entire sector, such as the metal melting phase, which is the most energy-intensive stage of the process (it can account up to

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Conference papers on the topic "Three types of steel"

Kage, I., M. Takemura, M. Ichiba, and S. Fujita. "Corrosion Resistance of Light Gauge Steel Frames in Resident Environment." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03604.

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Abstract Atmospheric corrosion in steel framed houses was investigated with Fe-Ag galvanic type atmospheric corrosion monitoring (ACM) sensors. As the environmental conditions, temperature, humidity and current of the ACM sensors were continuously measured in main structural members of the houses for five years. The corrosion rates of hot-dip galvanized light gauge steels were also determined by measurement with the ACM sensors and exposure tests. The lifetimes of the steels in the houses were discussed. Deposition of sea salt influences corrosion resistance of the Zn coated steels. Under the

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Bodington, Andy, Pamela Mencin, and Benjamin T. A. Chang. "Impact of Very Low Concentration of Soluble Salts on Coatings Performance." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13218.

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Abstract It is well known that dry abrasive blasting cannot remove salts completely and therefore, some residual salts remain on the blasted steel surface. In offshore or coastal corrosive environments, it is difficult to keep the near white metal finish and control salt on the prepared surface until coating application. The bare steel can flash rust in a couple of hours. There are several commercial cleaning products to remove residual salts and to extend the surface cleanliness time. Three types of grit blasted steel surface preparation methods were performed; (1) blasted new steel to SP-10,

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Kondo, Keiichi, Yoon-Seok Choi, Srdjan Nesic, et al. "Effect of Cr and Mo on Corrosion Behavior of High Strength Steel in CO2/H2S Environments." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14872.

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Abstract The effect of Cr and Mo on the corrosion behavior of high strength steel was investigated in CO2/H2S environments. Corrosion tests were conducted using three different types of steel; Base steel (including no Cr and no Mo), 1% Cr steel and 1% Mo steel, in 1 wt.% NaCl solution (80°C) at initial pH 5.7 and initial pH 4.2 under atmospheric pressure. The test solution was saturated with flowing CO2/10% H2S mixture. Changes in corrosion rate with exposure time were monitored by linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements. The surface morphology and the composition of the corrosion pr

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Presuel-Moreno, Francisco J., Carlos F. Castaneda, and Fujian Tang. "Corrosion Protection of Flexible Fillers Coated Steel Strands and Contaminated with Fungi." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11166.

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Abstract Over the last few decades flexible fillers such as greases or waxes have been used in Europe as an alternative to cementitious grout. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is considering flexible fillers as alternative filler materials for post-tensioned (PT) tendons. In this study, the corrosion resistance of PT tendons is investigated experimentally as they are coated with flexible filler materials and contaminated with fungi. Three types of fungi were considered including Fusarium oxysporum (FO), Penicillium chrysogenum (PC), and Aspergillus flavus (AF). The flexible fill

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Beamish, David. "Surface Profile - a Comparison of Measurement Methods." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00008.

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Abstract Coating performance is related to the profile height on a steel surface. Three types of devices are available to take measurements of this surface profile: replica tape, depth micrometers fitted with pointed probes, and stylus roughness testers. This paper presents results from a recent analysis of measurements taken by the three device types on steel blasted with an assortment of blast media and proposes a new method of depth micrometer measurement called average of the maximum peaks.

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Crolet, Jean-Louis, and Michel R. Bonis. "Revisiting Hydrogen in Steel, Part II: Experimental Verifications." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01072.

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Abstract All the theoretical predictions described in Part I of this study, based on the new mechanisms for hydrogen charging and hydrogen stress cracking or on the resulting new model for permeation, have been effectively confirmed: For hydrogen charging, they explain why the severity of the medium does not depend in the same way on PH2S for phenomena involving either “internal” or “external” hydrogen.For hydrogen stress cracking (HSC), a stress applied at a surface not exposed to wet H2S is ineffective.In the case of permeation, the difference between “thin” and “thick” membrane behavior had

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Tokumine, Takayuki, Takanori Mimoto, Gen Ogita, et al. "Effect of Oxygen in Back Shielding Gas on Corrosion Resistance of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11107.

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Abstract The effect of back shielding gas types and contained oxygen level on the corrosion resistance of weld was investigated for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) pipes. The SDSS pipes were welded with three types of back shielding gases of nominal 100% Ar, 100% N2 and a mixture of 90% N2+10% H2 along with controlled O2 contents at 100, 500 and 2,000 ppm as pre-mixed gas. It was found that 100% N2 back shielding gas improves the corrosion resistance compared to 100% Ar, however, a mixture of 90% N2+10% H2 had an adverse effect. In addition, th

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Whitton, G. G., and J. W. Sprys. "Vehicle Component Corrosion Resistant Coatings and Test Methods Comparison." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95395.

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Abstract Four types of coatings were examined for corrosion resistance in three separate environments. The coatings included electrocoat paint on galvanized steel, galvanized steel, electrocoat paint on bare steel and pre-painted steel. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated on automobile automatic transmission oil pans. Three test methods, including salt spray, accelerated corrosion test track testing and customer vehicles, were evaluated. The electrocoated paint on galvanized steel provided the best corrosion protection of the four types examined because pierced barrier coati

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Thammachart, Matina, Yves Gunaltun, Suchada Punpruk, and Siriporn Daopiset. "Evaluation of High Temperature Cracking Risk of Stainless Steels in Presence of Zinc Silicate Primer." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11044.

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Abstract The zinc-containing primers, especially zinc silicate, are widely used on the carbon steel for both onshore and offshore environments. Their use on stainless steels is not recommended since there is a risk of liquid metal embrittlement by molten zinc in case of fire due to its low melting point. Zinc silicate contains metallic zinc particles which can diffuse into the stainless steel if the particles melt. However, zinc quantity may not be sufficient (the thickness is 60 to 90 microns) to initiate a significant cracking. Also the oxidation of zinc particles, which are very small, befo

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Arai, Taku, and Masami Mayuzumi. "Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Material Factors on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low-Alloy Steels." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97090.

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Abstract It is very important to clarify the stress corrosion cracking behavior of low alloy steels for the pressure boundary component materials of LWR primary coolant systems. The slow strain rate tensile test(SSRT) was carried out on three types of heavy-thick low alloy steels in high temperature water containing various levels of dissolved oxygen(DO) to investigate the effects of DO and material factors on the SCC behavior. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Susceptibility to SCC of each steel increased with DO concentration. 2) The rolled steel with higher impurity concentration had

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Reports on the topic "Three types of steel"

Bowman, Mark D., Bryan D. Hagan, and William D. Hurdle. Steel Bridge Coating Evaluation and Rating Criteria. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317386.

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The aim of the study is to gather information on three topics: (1) the evaluation and rating of steel bridge protective coatings, (2) coating systems used by various states throughout the United States, and (3) maintenance painting procedures employed by various state department of transportation agencies (DOTs). First, it was found that most state DOTs use either an Element Level type rating of the coating system or a 9–0 NBI type rating; many state DOTs use both methodologies, with one used for state bridges and the other for local bridges. Second, for coating systems, it was found that ther

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King and Jack. L51906 The Role of Redox and Corrosion Potentials in the Corrosion of Line Pipe Steel. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010374.

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A combined lab and field program has been performed to study the external corrosion behaviour of buried linepipe. The overall aim of the project was to attempt to correlate pipe damage with measurable soil properties, in particular the redox potential as measured by buried soil probes. The lab component of the project involved the measurement of weight-loss corrosion rates in three types of soil, under saturated and as-received moisture conditions, and under permanently aerobic, permanently anaerobic or cyclic anaerobic/aerobic redox conditions. The soil conditions and coupon corrosion potenti

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Ruschau. L51887 Compatibility of Repair Coatings Applied to Existing Below Grade Coatings. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010209.

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Defects and holidays in mainline coatings necessitate the use of repair coatings for all coated pipelines. This includes both newly coated pipelines just out of the plant as well as existing buried lines in need of small repairs. The repair coating must provide corrosion protection for the steel, lessen the demand on the cathodic protection system, and provide good long-term service. In short, the repair coating must protect the pipe to the same extent as the mainline coating. Two additional requirements for repair coatings are that they adhere not only to the steel but also to the existing ma

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DiDomizio, Matthew, and Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat fl

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Gummow. L51908 AC Grounding Effects on Cathodic Protection Performance in Pipeline Stations.pdf. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010269.

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Most AC powered equipment at pipeline stations and at motorized valve sites isrequired, by code, to be electrically grounded to one or more ground electrodes. These grounding systems are normally electrically bonded to the AC power distribution grid, which can be quite extensive. Piping, either intentionally or inadvertently, is often connected to the AC electrical grounding grid in pipeline stations. Grounding grid conductors are usually bare and composed of copper or tinned copper, and ground rod materials can consist of a wide variety of metals such as copper-clad steel, carbon steel, stain

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Bruce. L52282 State-of-the-Art Assessment of Alternative Casing Repair Methods. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010195.

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Many natural gas storage wells suffer damage during normal storage operations. Storage operators spend upwards of $100 million per year recovering lost deliverability. Damage to casings in gas storage wells is largely the result of localized loss of metal from corrosion; however, other types of damage do occur. Individual corrosion pits can be found either on the inside or outside of the casing wall. Repair methods that are currently used for natural gas storage well casings include patches, plugs, liners, etc. While currently-used repair methods can be a cost-effective means of repairing dama

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Chen, Weixing. PR-378-083601-R02 Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011010.

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This report summarizes the work completed in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of PRCI SCC-2-12 project: Effect of Pressure Fluctuations on Growth Rate of Near-Neutral pH SCC. The following two insights from the two-phase PRCI SCC 2-12 project can be proven to be the most important: 1) The identification of three types of pressure fluctuations and their different susceptibility to crack growth; 2) The importance of load interaction effects during variable amplitude pressure fluctuations in the prediction of crack growth rate. The work has enabled us to divide near-neutral pH SCC cracking into the following

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Kerber, Steve, Daniel Madrzykowski, James Dalton, and Robert Backstrom. Improving Fire Safety by Understanding the Fire Performance of Engineered Floor Systems and Providing the Fire Service with Information for Tactical Decision Making. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zcoq6988.

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This research project was a collaboration of several research organizations, product manufacturers and fire service representatives to examine hazards associated with residential flooring systems to improve firefighter safety. Funding for this project was provided through the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant Program. The main objective of this study was to improve firefighter safety by increasing the level of knowledge on the response of residential flooring systems to fire. Several types (or series) of experiments were conducted and

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Alexander, Chris. PR652-184505-R01 Evaluating Installation Techniques for Pipeline Repair Methods. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012029.

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A testing program was conducted to evaluate the effects of internal pressure during the installation of composite and steel sleeves repair systems on pipelines with plain dents. The testing program included cyclic pressure testing a group of 12.75-inch OD x 0.188-inch WT, Grade X42 pipe samples with plain dents having residual dent depths on the order of 3% to 4% of the pipe's outside diameter. The dent samples were repaired using four (4) different composite repair systems, type-A steel sleeves, and steel thermal compression sleeves. The composite repair systems included a carbon fiber wet-la

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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism fo

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