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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions"

1

BIELACZYC, Piotr, Antoni ŚWIĄTEK, and Joseph WOODBURN. "A technical discussion of the emission of ammonia from SI vehicles fitted with three-way catalysts." Combustion Engines 144, no. 1 (2011): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117124.

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Ammonia emissions from motor vehicles have risen significantly in recent decades, due to the rollout of three-way catalysts within the spark ignition vehicle fleet. Vehicular ammonia emissions are currently unregulated, even though ammonia is harmful for a variety of reasons, and the gas is classed as toxic. Having reached its light-off temperature, a three-way catalyst can produce substantial quantities of ammonia through various reaction pathways. Emission is markedly higher during periods where demand for engine power is higher, when the engine will be operating under open-loop conditions.

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Kanerva, Tomi, Mari Honkanen, Tanja Kolli, et al. "Microstructural Characteristics of Vehicle-Aged Heavy-Duty Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Natural Gas Three-Way Catalyst." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020137.

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Techniques to control vehicle engine emissions have been under increasing need for development during the last few years in the more and more strictly regulated society. In this study, vehicle-aged heavy-duty catalysts from diesel and natural gas engines were analyzed using a cross-sectional electron microscopy method with both a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. Also, additional supporting characterization methods including X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and catalytic performance analyses were

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Twigg, Martyn V. "Controlling automotive exhaust emissions: successes and underlying science." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1829 (2005): 1013–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1547.

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Photochemical reactions of vehicle exhaust pollutants were responsible for photochemical smog in many cities during the 1960s and 1970s. Engine improvements helped, but additional measures were needed to achieve legislated emissions levels. First oxidation catalysts lowered hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, and later nitrogen oxides were reduced to nitrogen in a two-stage process. By the 1980s, exhaust gas could be kept stoichiometric and hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides were simultaneously converted over a single ‘three-way catalyst’. Today, advanced three-way catalyst systems

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Hadded, O., J. Stokes, and D. W. Grigg. "Low Emission Vehicle Technology for Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle and European Stage 3 Emissions Standards." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 209, no. 3 (1995): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_201_02.

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Technology to meet the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) ultra low emissions vehicle (ULEV) legislation is being developed by most major vehicle manufacturers. To achieve the required reduction in cold start emissions, mainly HC and CO, compared to current three-way catalyst (TWC) technology, very early catalyst light-off has to be achieved. Electrically heated catalysts (EHC) have shown good potential, together with exhaust gas igniters (EGI) and close-coupled catalysts. A ‘total system’ approach has been demonstrated to achieve significant Federal test procedure (FTP) emissions reducti

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Shamim, T., H. Shen, S. Sengupta, S. Son, and A. A. Adamczyk. "A Comprehensive Model to Predict Three-Way Catalytic Converter Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 2 (2002): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1424295.

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This paper describes the development of a comprehensive mathematical and numerical model for simulating the performance of automotive three-way catalytic converters, which are employed to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The model simulates the emission system behavior by using an exhaust system heat conservation and catalyst chemical kinetic submodel. The resulting governing equations are solved numerically. Good agreements were found between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements under both steady-state and transient conditions. The developed model will be used to facilitate

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König, H. P., R. F. Hertel, W. Koch, and G. Rosner. "Determination of platinum emissions from a three-way catalyst-equipped gasoline engine." Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 26, no. 5 (1992): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90233-b.

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Lou, Diming, Yedi Ren, Xiang Li, Yunhua Zhang, and Xia Sun. "Effect of Operating Conditions and TWC Parameters on Emissions Characteristics of a Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engine." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184905.

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This study involved conducting an experimental and numerical investigation on the effects of the air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), engine speed, and engine load on the inlet gas component of a three-way catalyst (TWC) and on the effects of noble metal loading, noble metal ratio, and carrier pore density on the emission conversion efficiency. The results showed that AFR can significantly affect the raw emissions of NOx and total hydrocarbon (THC), and better emission conversion efficiency of a TWC can be reached when AFR is controlled between 0.995 to 1. Compared with engine speed, engine load has a rel

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Ren, Yedi, Diming Lou, Xiang Li, Yunhua Zhang, and Xia Sun. "Effect of operating conditions and TWC parameters on emissions characteristics of a China-VI stoichiometric natural gas engine." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801013.

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This study involved conducting an experimental and numerical investigation on the effects of the air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), engine speed, and engine load on the inlet gas component of a three-way catalyst (TWC) and on the effects of noble metal loading, noble metal ratio, and carrier pore density on the emission conversion efficiency. The results showed that AFR can significantly affect the raw emissions of NOx and THC, and better emission conversion efficiency of a TWC can be reached when AFR is controlled between 0.995 to 1. Compared with engine speed, engine load has a relatively small effect

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Merkisz, Jerzy, Jacek Pielecha, and Monika Andrych-Zalewska. "Influence of the Length of a Catalyst-Coated Glow Plug on Exhaust Emissions." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246557.

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This paper discusses the application of an in-cylinder catalyst in reducing the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. This is an additional method of exhaust gas aftertreatment; yet the placement of a catalyst in the combustion chamber (i.e., the closest location to the process of combustion) allows a reduction of the emissions ‘at source’ (the catalyst applied on the glow plugs). For the investigations, we used an engine dynamometer to reproduce the traffic conditions of a homologation test carried out on a chassis dynamometer. We carried out the investigations on a Euro 4 1.3 JTD MultiJet

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Kang, Jun-Mo, Ilya Kolmanovsky, and J. W. Grizzle. "Dynamic Optimization of Lean Burn Engine Aftertreatment." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 2 (2000): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1368114.

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The competition to deliver fuel efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles is driving the automotive industry to consider even more complex powertrain systems. Adequate performance of these new highly interactive systems can no longer be obtained through traditional approaches, which are intensive in hardware use and final control software calibration. This paper explores the use of Dynamic Programming to make model-based design decisions for a lean burn, direct injection spark ignition engine, in combination with a three way catalyst and an additional three-way catalyst, often referred t

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions"

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Creery, Niall James. "Inlet manifold fuel film study." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343081.

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Pospíšil, Juraj. "Architektura chlazeného EGR systému pro benzínové motory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400446.

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Táto diplomová práca je zameraná na preukazovanie vplyvov rôznych architektúr spätnej recirkulácie spalín na preplňované benzínové motory. Simulácie boli vytvorené v termodynamickom simulačnom programme GT-Power. Práca začína porovnávaním vplyvov spätnej recirkulácie na ustálené stavy motora, najmä z hľadiska spotreby, ktoré sú následne implementované do tranzientných modelov, simulujúc emisné testovacie cykly. Na konci práce sa venujem vplyvom spätnej recirkulácie na funkciu oxidačno-redukčného katalyzátora a na funkciu turbodúchadla.

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Irman, Svraka, and Österdahl Wetterhag Linus. "Model Based Catalyst Control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158634.

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A one dimensional discretized model of a two brick three way catalyst (TWC) system was developed and implemented in MATLAB, Simulink and TargetLink in collaboration with Volvo Cars and Linköpings Universitet - ISY. The purpose of this thesis was to increase system understanding and create a model based TWC control for further development at Volvo Cars. A total of 50 states were modelled, including emission concentrations (O2, CO, C3H6, C3H8, H2, NOx, CO2, H2O), temperature and oxygen buffer level (OBL). A model based control structure was implemented in the form of five separate PID-controller

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Jankord, Gregory J. "Control of Criteria Emissions and Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Consideration of Three-Way Catalyst Dynamics." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1590685712358423.

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Hasan, Ahmad Omar. "Influence of prototype three way catalytic converter on regulated and unregulated emissions from gasoline HCCI/SI engine." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2944/.

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Designing automotive catalysts for the effective control of NOx, HC (Hydrocarbon) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) emissions under both lean and stoichiometric engine operation is a challenging task. The research presented in this thesis assesses the performance efficiency of a three-zone prototype catalytic converter in reducing exhaust emissions from a gasoline engine, operating in HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) and SI (Spark Ignition) mode under lean and stoichiometric conditions. The research was carried out using Jaguar V6 engine operating in SI and HCCI mode using commercial unle

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Simon, Antoine. "Optimisation énergétique de chaînes de traction hybrides essence et Diesel sous contrainte de polluants : Étude et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2010.

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L’hybridation électrique de la chaîne de traction automobile est l’une des solutions adoptées pour respecter les règlementations futures sur ses émissions. La stratégie de supervision de la chaîne de traction hybride répartit la puissance produite par le moteur à combustion interne et la machine électrique. Elle répond habituellement à un problème d’optimisation où l’objectif est de réduire la consommation de carburant mais nécessite à présent d’y ajouter les émissions polluantes. La chaîne de dépollution, placée à l’échappement du moteur, permet de diminuer la quantité de polluants émise dans

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Siemund, Stephan. "Modélisation de pot catalytique trois-voies et validation par expériences sur banc moteur et véhicule." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL113N.

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Cette thèse a pour objet le développement d'un modèle bidimensionnel afin de réaliser la simulation d'un pot catalytique trois-voies avec des réactions simultanées d'oxydation et de réduction. Les résultats des calculs obtenus sont valides par des expériences effectuées sur bancs d'essais et sur vehicule. Dans la première partie du travail, nous avons choisi des hypothèses permettant de simplifier notre modèle, en prenant en considération les hypothèses classiques pour la modélisation des phénomènes physiques et chimiques. Jusqu'à présent la réaction de réduction de no n'a pas été souvent pris

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Tadrous, Mark. "Achieving Low Emissions from a Biogas Fuelled SI Engine Using a Catalytic Converter." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32493.

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A spark ignition engine was retrofitted to operate on biogas fuel. Biogas was synthetically generated through the mixing of various pure gases. The air-fuel ratio was accurately controlled using a closed feedback system consisting of flow controllers and a wide range oxygen sensor. A natural gas catalytic converter was implemented with the use of biogas fuel. To achieve full NOx and CO reduction the engine was required to run at a slightly rich equivalence ratio. Methane emissions posed to be the hardest to reduce across the catalyst. The biogas fuel composition had no effect on the catalyst p

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Book chapters on the topic "Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions"

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Artelt, S., K. Levsen, H. P. König, and G. Rosner. "Engine test bench experiments to determine platinum emissions from three-way catalytic converters." In Anthropogenic Platinum-Group Element Emissions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59678-0_4.

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Rogemond, E., N. Essayem, R. Fréty, et al. "Measurement of the ceria surface area of a three-way commercial catalyst after laboratory and engine bench aging." In Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control IV, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium (CAPoC4). Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80871-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions"

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Sartain, John, Don Newburry, Mikko Pitkanen, and Markku Ikonen. "3-Way Catalyst Testing at VTT Energy." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0592.

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Emissions regulations on stationary, natural gas fired reciprocating engines are becoming increasingly tighter throughout the United States. In addition to lower NOx, CO and hydrocarbon limits, regulation of HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) emissions has become more prevalent. Rich burn (stoichiometric) natural gas engines are widely used in the oil and gas industry, as well as in distributed power generation. Due to the low oxygen content in the exhaust, these engines are suitable for 3-Way catalyst, which simultaneously reduces NOx and oxidizes CO and hydrocarbons. A series of 3-Way catalyst te

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Matsunaga, Shin-ichi, Koji Yokota, Hideaki Muraki, and Yoshiyasu Fujitani. "Improvement of Engine Emissions Tower Three-Way Catalyst by the Periodic Operations." In 1987 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/872098.

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Kim, Junghwan, Rolf D. Reitz, Sung Wook Park, and Kian Sung. "Reduction of NOx and CO Emissions in Stoichiometric Diesel Combustion Using a 3-Way Catalyst." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76043.

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Experimental and numerical studies were performed to investigate the simultaneous reduction of NOx and CO for stoichiometric diesel combustion with a 3-way catalyst. A single-cylinder engine was used for the experiments and KIVA simulations were used in order to characterize the combustion efficiency and emissions of throttled stoichiometric diesel combustion at 0.7 bar boost pressure and 90MPa injection pressure. In addition, the efficiency of emission conversion with the 3-way catalysts in stoichiometric diesel combustion was investigated experimentally. The results showed CO and NOx emissio

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Ghosh, Bankim B., Prokash Chandra Roy, Mita Ghosh, Paritosh Bhattacharya, Rajsekhar Panua, and Prasanta K. Santra. "Control of S.I. Engine Exhaust Emissions Using Non-Precious Catalyst (ZSM-5) Supported Bimetals and Noble Metals as Catalyst." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1025.

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Three Way Catalysts (TWC) are extensively used for simultaneous control of three principal automotive pollutants, namely carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC). Most of works on three way catalytic converter have been carried out with noble metals such as Platinum, Rhodium, and Iridium have been tried individually and in different combinations and proportions. Noble metal catalysts give very good performance of reduction of (NOx), CO and HC in the narrow range of stoichiometric Air Fuel ratio. Noble metals are costly and not abundantly available. These draw backs

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Chen, Yi, Vojtěch Šíma, Weiyang Lin, Jeff Sterniak, and Stanislav V. Bohac. "Lean HCCI/Rich SACI Gasoline Combustion Cycling and Three-Way Catalyst for Fuel Efficiency and NOx Reduction." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5592.

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Multi-mode combustion (MMC) concepts using homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) gasoline combustion at low loads and spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) gasoline combustion at medium loads have the potential for improved fuel efficiency relative to spark ignition (SI) gasoline combustion. Two MMC concepts are compared in this paper with respect to fuel efficiency and tailpipe NOx emissions. The first concept uses stoichiometric HCCI and SACI to allow standard three-way catalyst (TWC) operation. The second concept also uses HCCI and SACI, but cycles between lean and rich combus

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Tadrous, Mark, and James S. Wallace. "Achieving Low Emissions From a Biogas Fueled SI Engine Using a Catalytic Converter." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92090.

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Utilization of biogas is attractive from a greenhouse gas standpoint since it is carbon neutral due to the use of renewable resources. One source of biogas is anaerobic digestors. The biogas produced could be used to power IC engine-generator sets to produce electric power and heat on farms and in rural and northern communities. Use of local energy sources is particularly attractive in remote regions where liquid fuels must be shipped in via difficult terrain. Whatever the fuel, the engine must meet stringent exhaust emission standards. Biogas is typically used in spark ignition engines, where

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Das, Randip K., B. B. Ghosh, Souvik Bhattacharyya, and Maya DuttaGupta. "Catalytic Control of SI Engine Emissions Over Ion-Exchanged X-Zeolites." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-077.

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Three catalysts based on X-zeolite have been developed by exchanging its Na+ ion with Copper, Iron and Nickel metal ions and tested in a SI engine exhaust for a wide range of exhaust and operating conditions. Of the three catalysts, the Cu-X catalyst exhibits the best NOx and CO conversion performance while Ni-X shows slightly better performance compared to the Fe-X catalyst at any catalyst temperature. Unlike noble metals, the doped X-zeolite catalysts, studied here, exhibit significant NOx reduction for a wide λ range and exhibit a slow rate of decrease with increase in λ ratio. Back pressur

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Botsaris, P. N., D. Bechrakis, and P. D. Sparis. "An Estimation of 3-Way Catalyst Performance Using Artificial Neural Networks During Idle Speed." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0858.

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The intelligent control as fuzzy or artificial is based on either expert knowledge or experimental data and therefore it possesses intrinsic qualities like robustness and ease implementation. Lately, many researchers present studies aim to show that this kind of control can be used in practical applications such as the idle speed control problem in automotive industry. In this study, an estimation of an automobile three-way catalyst performance with artificial neural networks is presented. It may be an alternative approach for an on board diagnostic system (OBD) to predict the catalyst perform

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Grannell, Shawn M., Dennis N. Assanis, Donald E. Gillespie, and Stanislav V. Bohac. "Exhaust Emissions From a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76131.

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Engine-out and post-catalyst emissions of ammonia, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide are measured for an ammonia and gasoline dual fueled spark ignition engine. An ordinary three-way catalytic converter can be used to clean up these emissions. The clean-up region occurs between stoichiometric and 0.2% rich. Ordinary exhaust gas oxygen sensors are usable with ammonia and gasoline in much the same way as they are with gasoline alone.

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Ye, Zhengmao, Zhijun Li, and Habib Mohamadian. "Research on NOx Emission Aftertreatment of Lean Burn Gasoline Engine Using Adsorber Reduction Catalyst." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40129.

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A novel catalyst converter system has been developed for NOx emission aftertreatment of lean burn gasoline engines. The goal is to investigate its impact on emission characteristic and Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) across a wide range of engine speed and load operating regions, subject to several arrangement schemes for this catalyst converter. It has been indicated from experimental results that the upstream placement of TWC (Three Way Catalyst) ahead of the NOx Adsorber Catalyst is the best solution, which gives rise to the highest converting efficiency to reduce the NOx emission le

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Reports on the topic "Three-way catalyst; Engine emissions"

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Reppert, T., and J. Chiu. Heavy-Duty Waste Hauler with Chemically Correct Natural Gas Engine Diluted with EGR and Using a Three-Way Catalyst: Final Report, 24 February 2004 -- 23 February 2006. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020308.

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