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Journal articles on the topic 'THREE WHEELAR STEERING'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nishanth Krishna, Raj Purohit, J.S. Rohit, Avasarala Venkata Srivatsa, and Sharanbassappa S Patil. "Effect of Drivetrain Configuration on Handling Characteristics of Tadpole Type Three-Wheeler." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 3, no. 2 (2023): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.2.6.

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The world’s first automobile built by Karl Benz was powered by a single-cylinder four-stroke engine which was placed at the rear part of the three-wheeled chassis. Since then, the automobile industry has drastically evolved, especially four wheelers. Nowadays, three-wheelers are gaining popularity as they are more fuel efficient than four-wheelers while being more stable than twowheelers. The inherent cost advantages of a threewheeler also make them more affordable. Autorickshaws, having delta configuration, are extensively utilized in several Asian countries like India, Indonesia, Pakistan an

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2

Lan, Guiping, Yujun Wang, Can Fang, and Min Yi. "Novel Design of a Biaxial and Four-Wheeled Robot Capable of Steering." MATEC Web of Conferences 160 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816006006.

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The paper presents a biaxial and four-wheeled robot, mainly composed of two axle, two circular wheels and two three-leaved wheels. By analyzing the difference between the velocity of the circular wheel and three-leaved wheel in same axle, the steering principle of the difference velocity is proved. The three-leaved wheels are installed by a complementary phase method to ensure the stability of the robot walking. Through the steering principle, the control method of robot’s forward, backward, turn left and turn right is designed. A large number of experimental results show that the robot has th

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3

Dižo, Ján, Miroslav Blatnický, Rafał Melnik, and Michal Karľa. "Improvement of Steerability and Driving Safety of an Electric Three-Wheeled Vehicle by a Design Modification of its Steering Mechanism." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 13, no. 1 (2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2022-0005.

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Abstract Three-wheeled vehicles are transport means which generally combine properties of two-wheeled vehicles (principal motorcycles) and four-wheeled vehicles (standards cars). Three-wheeled vehicles have been designed and manufactured as units which are made up of one front wheel and two rear wheels, powered by an electric drive-train, and referred to in some countries under a non-English term as E-3kolka. These vehicles also comprise a special steering mechanism which improves their overturning stability when driving around curves. However, several tests have revealed certain deficiencies

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4

Hirose, Shigeo, and Hiroyuki Kuwabara. "Design of Three-wheeled Planetary Rover Tri-StarII." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 4 (2000): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0446.

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Many studies have been made concerning the planetary Rover, the essential element in the planet exploration mission, and some have already been put into practical use in exploration missions. In this paper, we propose an expandable three-wheeled rover, Tri-StarII, as a planetary rover having a new mechanism. Tri-StarII has three drive wheels and does not need suspension mechanism, so the drive mechanism is simplified and lightened. By use of this feature, the body is designed to be an expandable type with the wheels attached to a slide arm. By folding it up in the lander carrying it to the sur

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5

Dižo, Ján, Miroslav Blatnický, and Pavol Kurčík. "Analysis of driving properties of a three-wheeled vehicle with a newly designed steering system." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925403008.

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This paper presents results of analyses of a three-wheeled vehicle with the newly designed steering system. Our design of steering system is intended to be mounted on a tricycle with the electric drivetrain. The standard steering system of a three-wheeled vehicle has disadvantage, that such a vehicle is unstable, when it is curving a curve mainly at higher speeds. It results to a breach of stability form the overturning point of view. The newly designed steering system of a three-wheeled vehicle contributes to increasing its stability. It means that a three-wheeled vehicle with the newly desig

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6

Darji, Bhavin Sanjay, Shubham Viju Dhodi, Shashank Suni Jadhav, Ibrahim Akram Khan, and M. A. Gulbarga. "Craby Steering System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 2618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41851.

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Abstract: In present the car steering system is 2 wheel steering system and in conventional steering system there are only two wheels are moving while taking the turn , either forward two or the rear two wheels . While in 4 wheel steering system the rear and front both wheels are act +ive and can guide in steering. Here we using MARUTI-800 car as a reference model. We have developed a optimized 4 wheel steering system for implementation of mechanism that can give the work in changing in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the condition of turning and lane changing wi

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7

Ryoo, Young-Jae, Dae-Yeong Im, and Hyun-Rok Cha. "Design of Robotic Vehicle for Personal Mobility with Electric-Driven Three-Wheels." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 04 (2016): 1650020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843616500201.

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In this paper, a robotic vehicle for a personal mobility with electric-driven three-wheels is proposed. Before designing the proposed robotics vehicle, omni-directional motions using special wheels, active caster wheels, and active steerable driving wheels are studied. For design of the proposed vehicle, we discuss about active steerable wheel design, and vehicle’s frame design. The omni-directional motion through the digital design exploration of the vehicle using active driving and steering wheel robot technology is examined. As the major mechanical components, an active steerable driving wh

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8

Blatnický, Miroslav, Ján Dižo, Denis Molnár, and Andrej Suchánek. "Comprehensive Analysis of a Tricycle Structure with a Steering System for Improvement of Driving Properties While Cornering." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 8974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248974.

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This paper focuses on the development, theoretical and experimental research on the structural units of an unconventional three-wheeled vehicle. The vehicle is designed in order to increase the stability when cornering in a low curvature radius. Current research work describes solutions to increase the cornering stability of either conventional three-wheeled vehicles or, more rarely, unconventional vehicles designed on the basis of complex wheel-tilting mechatronics. Thus, there is a gap in research in respect of consideration of a stability-enhancing mechanism for three-wheeled vehicles based

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9

Mateichyk, Vasyl, Anatolii Soltus, Eduard Klimov, et al. "Study of the Influence of the Two-Drive-Axle Bogie Parameters on the Three-Axle Vehicle Handling." Machines 13, no. 5 (2025): 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13050394.

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The presence of a bogie in three-axle vehicles when moving along a curved trajectory leads to deterioration in its handling and maneuverability. The paper developed a mathematical model of the elastic bogie wheel while moving along a curvilinear trajectory, according to which the bogie wheel simultaneously participates in curvilinear and plane-parallel motion with a slip angle. Such movement of the bogie wheels develops significant lateral and longitudinal forces on the steered wheels, which leads to the movement of the steered wheels with slip, redistribution of the load on them, tire twistin

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10

Chang, Ming-Yen, Hsing-Hui Huang, and Zhao-Long Chen. "Design of a steering mechanism for the three-wheel tilting motorcycle." Mechanical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-189-2022.

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Abstract. There is a trend to develop three-wheel motorcycles because of their better stability and superior cornering ability compared to 1F1R (one front wheel and one rear wheel) motorcycles. The main purpose of this study is to establish a design process for the 2F1R (two front wheels and one rear wheel) three-wheel tilting mechanism and to reduce the turning radius to fulfill steering geometry in order to reduce the steering torque for a better handling feel. This research is divided into two parts: first, an existing steering tilting mechanism is selected as a design reference, and creati

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11

Larin, Vladimir B. "On Control of Composite Wheeled Vehicle with Three Steering Wheels." Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 42, no. 1 (2010): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v42.i1.60.

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12

Belyaev, Alexander, Vladimir Orobinsky, Arkady Khimchenko, Tatiana Trishina, and Pavel Sheredekin. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE RATIONAL GEOMETRY OF THE STEERING TRAPEZOID OF A VEHICLE WITH A VARIABLE TRACK." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 1 (February 28, 2025): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2025-1-43-55.

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A steering trapezoid with a four-link articulated-lever mechanism is used in the control system of most modern wheeled vehicles, including tractors, to perform wheel rotation. It is noted that its use is not always effective due to non-observance of the required correspondence between the rotation angles of the inner αВ and outer αН of the steered wheels, required by the condition of implementing their pure, without slipping, rolling and correct rotation. It is established that when the track of a wheeled vehicle changes, the kinematic discrepancy between the correct and actual rotation increa

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13

A., D. Awasare, Akash Bhusari, Durgesh Bhusari, Mohammed Junaid Inamdar, Vishwajit Jagtap, and Shafaat Kachhi. "Four Wheel Steering Drive Mechanisms." Recent Trends in Automation and Automobile Engineering 6, no. 2 (2023): 19–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8022140.

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<em>The work is based on changing the steering system so that a new kind of steering mechanism can replace the old one. This includes steering across all four wheels as opposed to just two in the current world. When it comes to turning or changing lanes on the highway, this has made driving the vehicle more comfortable for the driver. There are three modes for its activity which can be utilized according to the prerequisite.</em>

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14

K, LEW. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS PRESSURES IN THE VEHICLE WHEELS ON THE WHEEL GEOMETRY." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-210-220.

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The steering system in a vehicle is one of the main systems that ensures its controllability and is important for road safety. The steering system consists of two main mechanisms, namely the steering gear, the task of which is to convert the rotary motion into reciprocating motion, and the steering gear, the task of which is to ensure the correct steering of the vehicle. In this case, the steering system is interconnected with the suspension of the car, in which there are four main angles of the wheels that are responsible for the correct maneuverability of the vehicle, namely: camber angle, t

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15

Hu, Wenwu, Sheng Jin, Junchi Zhou, et al. "Prediction of the Equivalent Steering Angle of a Front-Wheel, High-Clearance Paddy Field Management Machine." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (2022): 7802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157802.

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To solve the problem of poor steering consistency for each steering wheel of a four-wheel, independent-steering, high-clearance paddy field management machine, given that the true steering angle of the front wheel cannot be directly obtained through the left and right front wheels steering angle value, a BP (Back Propagation) neural network equivalent steering angle prediction method based on signal feature extraction is proposed in this paper, which can be used to obtain the equivalent steering angle of the front wheel. First, the kinematics model of the paddy field management machine was con

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16

Wan, Shao Song, Jian Cao, Qun Song Zhu, and Cong Yan. "Research on Algorithm to Improve Performance of Multi-Wheel Steering Control System." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3177.

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There are many factors that can affect network performance, such as delay, packet loss and capacity utilization. Vehicle handling directional stability has been more and more important, experiments for steering wheel corner step input response, steering oil tank response property, steady state turning and steering angle of all steering wheels were conducted in this paper, the experimental results show that multi-wheel steering system can fulfill its function very well and reach target angle, it provides a new method for researching for the vehicle handling directional stability.

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17

Garmash, V. "CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF MANEUVERING OF A 4-WHEEL SPECIAL CHASSIS WITH A COMBINED POWER PLANT." Collection of scientific works of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine 2, no. 40 (2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2409-7470/2022/2/40/270518.

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Cars with electric and hybrid drive of driving wheels have become widespread in the world in recent years. For a wide class of wheeled vehicles with a combined electromechanical drive, it became possible to make the front axle swivel, which makes it possible to increase their maneuverability. The use of separate control of electric motors of the front swivel drive axle makes it possible to control the turning of machines by creating a difference in tangential reactions on the front wheels. This article analyzes the controllability of a four-wheeled special chassis with a combined power plant w

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18

Mourant, Ronald R., and Praveen Sadhu. "Evaluation of Force Feedback Steering in a Fixed Based Driving Simulator." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 26 (2002): 2202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602621.

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Eight participants drove a fixed base simulator using both spring-loaded and force feedback steering wheels. Their route included curves of 100, 200 and 300 radii of curvature, and two freeway style exit ramps that were sloped, banked and, had changing radii of curvature. Both mean and variance of lane position were calculated. There were no differences in terms of mean and variance of lane position between the steering wheels when driving on straight road segments. Lane position variance was significantly greater when driving on the 100 meter curves then when driving of the 200 and 300 meter

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19

Zhang, Ping Xia, Li Gao, and Yong Qiang Zhu. "The Steering Performance Analysis of Multi-Axle Vehicle Based on Sideslip Angle Control Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.799.

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Because there are several axles in multi-axle vehicle, steering controlling is very complex. It is proposed to use the front wheel steering angle and D as input controlling variables, and to realize centroid sideslip angle control. A five-axle vehicle model was built with ADAMS software, and the control strategy was built with Simulink software. The steering angle step response simulations were processed, such as only font wheels steering, fixed D value steering, and different sideslip angle control strategy. It is found that for only font wheels steering test, variable sideslip angle control

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20

Truong, Le Phuong, Huan Liang Tsai Liang Tsai, and Huynh Cao Tuan. "DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECTIONAL ALGORITHM FOR THREE-WHEEL OMNIDIRECTIONAL AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/3/15583.

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A The proposed system developed an omnidirectional algorithm to control autonomous mobile robots with three wheels. The implementation system consists of three Planet DC motors with rated power of 80 W for three wheels, three encoders for speed feedback, one encoder for distance feedback, and one digital compass sensor for angle feedback. The main system with an STM32F407 microcontroller is designed for directional control of wheels based the signal received from compass sensor and encoder and then controls three subsystems to adjust the steering speed of each wheel. The sub-system is built to

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21

Kang, Yaw-Hong, Da-Chen Pang, and Yi-Ching Zeng. "Optimal Dimensional Synthesis of Ackermann Steering Mechanisms for Three-Axle, Six-Wheeled Vehicles." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020800.

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This study employs four metaheuristic optimization methods to optimize the dimensional synthesis of Ackermann steering mechanisms for three-axle, six-wheeled vehicles with front-axle steering mode and reverse-phase steering mode. The employed optimization methods include Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO), Differential Evolution with golden ratio (DE-gr), and Linearly Ensemble of Parameters and Mutation Strategies in Differential Evolution (L-EPSDE). With a front-wheel steering angle range of 70 degrees, two hundred optimization experiments were conduc

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22

Zhu, Yong Qiang, Quan Shi Chen, and Ping Xia Zhang. "The Analysis of Overtaking of Whole Wheel Steering In-Phase of Multi-Axle Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1619.

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With in-phase steering, there might be some change at the driving performance of multi-axle vehicle. A five-axle vehicle model has been built with ADAMS software, and the control strategy has been built with Simulink software. The driver steering and speed control model with variable ratio was built. The comparative overtaking simuliation of whole wheel steering and only first two-axle wheels steering was processed. With the simulation, it can be found that, in the same movement track cases, comparing to the only first two-axle steering now used in vehicles, with in-phase whole wheel steering,

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23

Ilhan Shanjaya, Mohammad Irfan, Joko Endrasmono, Zindhu Maulana Ahmad Putra, Imam Sutrisno, Lilik Subiyanto, and Ii Munadhif. "Pemodelan Matriks Kinematika Pada Robot Three-Wheel Swerve Drive." Jurnal Elektronika dan Otomasi Industri 11, no. 3 (2024): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elkolind.v11i3.5500.

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Research in robotics, particularly mobile robots or wheeled mobile robots, continues to grow as their use in various sectors increases to simplify tasks and reduce the risk of human injury. Steering mechanisms, such as Swerve Drive, are becoming an important focus in the development of mobile robots. Swerve Drive enables omnidirectional motion that requires optimal control and complex development. Controlling the Swerve Drive requires large motors and sophisticated algorithms to set the speed and steering angle on each wheel independently, with the aim of achieving the targeted position and or

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24

Chen, Keji, Xiaofei Pei, Guocheng Ma, and Xuexun Guo. "Longitudinal/Lateral Stability Analysis of Vehicle Motion in the Nonlinear Region." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3419108.

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We focus on the study of motion stability of vehicle nonlinear dynamics. The dynamic model combining with Burckhardt tire model is firstly derived. By phase portrait method, the vehicle stability differences of three cases, front wheels steering/four-wheel steering case, front/rear/four-wheel braking case, and high/low road friction case, are characterized. With the Jacobian matrix, the stable equilibrium point is found and stable areas are calculated out. Similarly, the stability boundaries corresponding to different working conditions are also captured. With vehicle braking or accelerating i

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25

Li, Yao Xu, Yun Chao Wang, and Pei Feng Feng. "Lateral Dynamics of Three-Axle Steering Vehicle Based Zero Vehicle Sideslip Angle Control." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1682.

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Based on the established linear 2-DOF dynamics model of three-axle steering vehicle, the relationships between the gain of main transient and steady-state characteristic parameters of three-axle steering vehicle based on Zero Vehicle Sideslip Angle Control (ZVSC), vehicle speed and the deviation of the instantaneous steering center are deduced, and the influences of the control method and system inherent characteristics on steering transient response and stability are discussed. The main characteristic parameters of all wheels steering vehicles and front wheels steering vehicles are compared b

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26

Mastanamma, Y., B. Laxman, J. Ramesh Babu, N. Nireekshan, and E. Saidulu. "Electric Cargo Tricycle-A New Mobility." E3S Web of Conferences 616 (2025): 03015. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561603015.

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An electric cargo tricycle combines electric assistance with a cargo-carrying design to enhance load-carrying capability and sustainability for short-distance transport. An efficient replacement such as Electric Cargo Tricycle (ECT) will definitely reduce the dependency on conventional automobiles. This design presents an electric cargo tricycle intended for urban logistics, with emphasis on efficiency, maneuverability, and environmental sustainability. The tricycle incorporates an electric motor to assist pedal power, enhancing ease of use and reducing physical strain for users over various t

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27

Zhu, Jiawang, Tianci Feng, Shuyi Kang, Du Chen, Xindong Ni, and Ling Wang. "Design and Simulation of Steering Control Strategy for Four-Wheel Steering Hillside Tractor." Agriculture 14, no. 12 (2024): 2238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122238.

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Steering control is vital for hillside tractors, and four-wheel-steering technology significantly enhances stability and flexibility. However, existing methods often overlook the slope–stability relationship. In order to address this issue, considering the impact of tractor wheels on the steering characteristics, a nonlinear three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model based on the basic requirements within a 15° range of slope angles was derived. Subsequently, a four-wheel steering control strategy for hillside tractors was designed based on this model, incorporating a fuzzy PID control algorithm. T

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28

Chernenko, Sergii, Eduard Klimov, Andrii Chernish, Olexandr Pavlenko, and Volodymyr Kukhar. "Simulation Technique of Kinematic Processes in the Vehicle Steering Linkage." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19720.

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The results of the investigation of the turning kinematics of the steerable wheels of the KrAZ-7634NE off-road vehicle with a wheel formula 8x8 and two front steer axles are given. The theoretical relations between the steer angles of the steerable wheels on the basis of the scheme of double-axle steering turning of the vehicle are shown. The mathematical model of flat four-bar vehicle steering linkage is developed, it determines the relation between the steering linkage left and right steering arms turning angles at any turning radius of the vehicle. KrAZ-7634HE steering three-dimensional mod

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29

Joseph, Kenned Jack, and V. R. Patil. "A Laboratory Working Model on Steer by Wire System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.975.

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I propose to design and test a steer-by-wire system will demonstrate that the physical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels of a car which can be eliminated in favor of a more robust system that allows for easy modifications. The system will mimic regular power steering and the driver will feel no difficulty in adjusting to the new system and yet will benefit from the many advantages of the system. Today’s automobiles benefit more and more from the vast applications of electronic systems. The integration of a steer-by-wire system can enhance these systems notably to a wide rang

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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Valerii Adamchuk, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, and Ladislav Nozdrovický. "Theoretical Consideration of The Controllability Indicator of Machine-Tractor Unit Movement." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 20, no. 1 (2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2017-0003.

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Abstract The paper is focused on the issues of controllability of machine-tractor units based on wheel-type tractors during their non-straight driving on the soil surface, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon. There were obtained analytical expressions for the determination of the actual indicator of control λd, including both the power and the design parameters of the machine-tractor unit, which affect the abovementioned indicator in the longitudinal vertical plane. These expressions are obtained for the tractor driving on both road and also driving during field operation. In additi

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Achuthan, P., E. Balu, A. Ravishankar, and S. Venugopal. "Pivot Steering Based Omnidirectional Mobile Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1147.

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Synchro drive uses chain sprocket mechanism to drive three wheels at vertex of triangular chaises and has limited load bearing capacities due to asymmetry. The driving and steering motors fixed near to the vertex of the triangular chassis and wear in chains over a period of time results in increased dead reckoning. The concept of simple pivot based mobile platform using two drives overcasts a conventional synchro drive omnidirectional mobile platform in many aspects .This mobile platform has symmetric chassis with six wheels that makes platform stable irrespective of any configuration. Gear tr

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32

Zhi, Jin Ning, Chang Le Xiang, and Yue Ma. "Study on Skid-Steering Drag Force Calculation and Model for Electric Ground Vehicle with Six In-Wheel Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.402.

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The skid-steering vehicle is able to be steered by the speed difference of the inside and outside wheels created by controlling the torque distribution of all drive wheels. The three degree of freedom dynamic equations are established for electric ground vehicle with six in-wheeled motors, based on which the drag force calculation model is presented under steady skid-steering condition. Then the variation of resistance torque with the steer input and vehicle velocity is analyzed including its theoretic constraint limit. The steering resistance moment of the electric ground vehicle is compared

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33

Akinnibosun, Olajide, Peter Adikwu, Onyemowo Sunday David, et al. "Microbiological Assessment of Car Doors and Steering Wheels at Benue State University, Makurdi: Public Health Implications." Suan Sunandha Science and Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v11i1.693.

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Microbiological assessments of car surfaces remain a fundamental approach to control hotspots of microbial contamination. This study was aimed at assessing the level microbial contaminations associated with car doors and steering wheel of cars within the faculty of science, Benue state university, Makurdi. A total of forty (40) samples were collected in duplicates. These included twenty duplicate samples from car door handles and twenty duplicate samples from car steering wheels respectively using sterile swab sticks and transported to Charis Research and Diagnostic laboratory for analysis. Th

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Siva, Ranjith S., Jayan T. Jishin, and Gopalan Likhil. "Study on Ergonomic Risk Assessment in Semi Knock Down Dispatching in Three-Wheeler Plant." Journal of Advanced Research in Industrial Engineering 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6579553.

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<em>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a common problem in the automotive industry. WMSDs are affecting the worker's health and reduce productivity and efficiency. Nowadays the demand for the three-wheeler autos will get increased. Three-wheeler autos majorly play an important role as passenger autos. During manufacturing of the three-wheeler auto go under the process like Machining, Engine assembly, Paint shop, Vehicle Assembly, Test drive, Export (SKD, CKD). The present ergonomic study was focused on the Semi Knock Down Export. The process involved in the SKD is vehicle t

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Tayebi, Javad, Chao Han, and Yuanjin Yu. "High accuracy disturbance observer-based agile attitude stabilization with three-dimensional MSW." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 5 (2021): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2021-0066.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is agile attitude control design with the novel three-dimensional (3D) magnetically suspended wheel (MSW) that is the preferred type for agile maneuvering compared to conventional control moment gyro due to frictionless, low vibration and long lifetime. This system does not require a separate steering law for pyramid arrangement to derive tilt angles. It is also conducting an agile maneuver with high accuracy despite the high-frequency disturbances. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a disturbance observer-based attitude stabilization method is propose

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Tian, Jie, and Mingfei Yang. "Research on trajectory tracking and body attitude control of autonomous ground vehicle based on differential steering." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0273255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273255.

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The differential steering can be used not only as the backup system of steer-by-wire, but also as the only steering system. Because the differential steering is realized through the differential moment between the coaxial left and right driving wheels, the sharp reduction of the load on the inner driving wheel will directly lead to the failure of the differential steering when the four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle approaches the rollover. Therefore, this paper not only realizes the trajectory tracking of autonomous ground vehicle through the differential steering, but also puts for

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Gao, Jie, Chengqiang Yin, and Guanhao Yuan. "Warning and active steering rollover prevention control for agricultural wheeled tractor." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (2022): e0280021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280021.

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Tractor rollover is regarded as the most fatal incident in agricultural production, but some of which can be avoided by timely anti-rollover warning and active control. There have been a lot of researches on the tractor rollover model building and rollover protective structure designing but few on the anti-rollover control. The purpose of this study is to develop a cheaper and practical anti-rollover control system based on active steering technique and to prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme for the wheeled tractors. A three-degree-of-freedom rollover dynamics model including automatic

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Lin, Chern-Sheng, Chia-Chang Chang, and Wei-Lung Chen. "DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF AN INTERACTIVE WHEELCHAIR TRAINING SYSTEM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 20, no. 06 (2008): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237208000982.

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In this paper we constructed an interactive wheelchair rehabilitation training platform. The roller wheel on the platform is driven mainly by turning the wheelchair, and then the relative position of wheelchair on the screen can be adjusted based on the rotation speed of left and right wheels on the platform. Comparing the digital logic function when two wheels rotate at the same time and judging the variance in digital logic, the steering direction of wheels can be known and be controlled forward or backward. Additionally, the standard digital logic function could be individually judged when

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Dityatyev, Oleksandr. "Features of driving of the steering wheel driving cars." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 14, no. 2 (2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2021-14-2-18-25.

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Existing methods of diagnosing steering can be characterized by low efficiency. For various reasons, both declarative and actual (supported by the equipment) methods, as a rule, have low accuracy and inability to localize faults. The car's built-in diagnostics cannot affect the situation due to the small number of sensors in the steering system. The reasons for the low accuracy of the methods include design features, low availability of components (low maintainability). Difficulties in localization of malfunctions are caused by the structural scheme which is characterized by parallel - consecu

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Blatnický, Miroslav, Ján Dižo, Milan Sága, Denis Molnár, and Aleš Slíva. "Utilizing Dynamic Analysis in the Complex Design of an Unconventional Three-Wheeled Vehicle with Enhancing Cornering Safety." Machines 11, no. 8 (2023): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11080842.

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Current trends in the transportation industry prioritize competitive rivalry, compelling manufacturers to prioritize concepts such as quality and reliability. These concepts are closely associated with public expectations of safety, vehicle lifespan, and trouble-free operation. However, the public must recognize that a vehicle weighing several hundred kilograms, moving at a non-zero speed, only contacts the road surface through a few points (depending on the number of wheels), each no larger than a human palm. Therefore, it is imperative to operate the vehicle in a manner that optimizes the be

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Yamaguchi, Hiroaki. "Control of A New Type of Undulatory Wheeled Locomotor: A Trident Steering Walker Based on Chained Form." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 4 (2009): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0541.

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This paper introduces and describes a new type of undulatory wheeled locomotor, which we refer to as a “trident steering walker.” The wheeled locomotor is a nonholonomic mechanical system, which consists of an equilateral triangular base, three joints, three links and four steering systems. The equilateral triangular base has a steering system at its center of mass. At each apex of the base is a joint which connects the base and a link. The link has a steering system at its midpoint. The wheeled locomotor transforms driving the three joints into its movement by operating the four steering syst

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Liqiang, Wang, Qi Lin, Zhang Zhe, and HAN Zongqi. "Research on the compensation method of Indirect Tire Pressure Monitoring under Sinusoidal Driving Condition." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815304007.

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Indirect tire pressure monitoring method (ITPMS) is based on the wheel speed signal differences indirectly infer that the change of the tire pressure. In the steering mode, there is a large yaw rate, and there is a big deviation between the four wheels’ speed. The traditional indirect tire pressure monitoring method based on wheel speed comparison method is invalid. That the automobiles which is matched electronic stability control system estimate the four-wheel speed according to the yaw rate and steering wheel angle become an important method to improve the accuracy of Indirect tire pressure

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Aziz, Shamsul Akmar Ab, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, and Dian Darina Indah Daruis. "Comparison of Hand-Arm Vibration on Truck Steering Wheels Based on Speed Changes Using I-Kaz Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.411.

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Exposure to high levels of hand-arm vibration (HAV) from the steering wheels can present risks to health and safety to drivers. This study aim to do HAV comparison analysis on the Malaysian Army (MA) three-tonne truck steering wheels in three different speeds, when the truck is stationary with the engine switched on and when truck is moving at speed of 40 km/h and 80 km/h. HAV from the steering wheel were measured by using single axis piezoelectric accelerometer and was connected to Brüel & Kjær Vibration Analyser Type 3649, which is which is capable to produce tangential direction acceler

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Xu, Bo, Sheng Min Cui, and Xiang Yu Wu. "Research on the Cornering Characteristics of Three-Axle Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.567.

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A multi-axle dynamic steering technology was proposed to solve the steering stability and maneuverability problem of heavy vehicle. Two degrees of freedom linear steering-model and motion-equations of three-axle vehicle was established. Taking the zero sideslip angle as the control target and the proportional rear-front wheel angle as control method, we got the angular scale-factor equation and related matrix of the state space and transfer function. The MATLAB software was used to simulate the different steering modes stability steady-state and transient response. The results show that by usi

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Razarenov, Leonid, and Volodymyr Hurko. "PECULIARITIES OF OPERATION OF A SHORT-BASE COMPACT LOADER WITH LATERAL ROTATION WHEN PERFORMING A U-TURN." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Engineering and CAD, no. 2 (December 28, 2024): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0775.2024.2.09.

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The article reviews the features of the operation of small-sized bucket loaders. An analysis of publications has shown that there are currently no recommendations for assessing the dynamic stability of a small-sized bucket loader with an on-board steering system when making a turn. Existing methods consider only static stability, which does not sufficiently describe the process of machine stability during turning. The operation of such machines on construction sites shows that they can lose stability when making a turn. Existing methods consider only static stability, which does not sufficient

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Amber, Srivastav, Kaushal Aman, Dhar Dubey Devansh, Srivastava Agman, and Manabendra Saha Mr. "Tri Wheeler Stair Climber." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 1280–83. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14228.

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The project deals with the designing and manufacturing of a tri wheeler stair climber, which can climb stairs with less effort as compared to manual work. The technical issues in designing of this vehicle are the stability and speed of the vehicle while climbing stair. The inclinations of the stairs is also the important parameter for this study. The application of this special trolley are often used to lift the goods such as books for library, medicines in hospital, regular goods of any technical or non technical institutes, or transportation of toxic materials for industries and give freedom

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Wang, Dianjun, Meng Xu, Ya Chen, et al. "Positioning Method of Four-Wheel-Steering Mobile Robots Based on Improved UMBmark of Michigan Benchmark Algorithm." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 27, no. 2 (2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2023.p0135.

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To reduce the error of the odometer positioning system and improve the positioning accuracy of four-wheel-steering mobile robots, three types of coupling errors are considered, based on the University of Michigan Benchmark (UMBmark) method: unequal track width, unequal wheel diameter, and speed difference of ipsilateral wheels. A “dual direction square path experiment” is designed to decouple the error, a new system error model is defined, and an improved UMBmark method for a four-wheel mobile robot is proposed. In the mobile robot positioning system, a laser tracker is used to measure the abs

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Barker, M., B. Drew, J. Darling, K. A. Edge, and G. W. Owen. "Steady-state steering of a tilting three-wheeled vehicle." Vehicle System Dynamics 48, no. 7 (2009): 815–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423110903147474.

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Li, Jinyang, Zhaozhao Wu, Meiqing Li, and Zhijian Shang. "Dynamic Measurement Method for Steering Wheel Angle of Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles." Agriculture 14, no. 9 (2024): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091602.

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Steering wheel angle is an important and essential parameter of the navigation control of autonomous wheeled vehicles. At present, the combination of rotary angle sensors and four-link mechanisms is the main sensing approach for steering wheel angle with high measurement accuracy, which is widely adopted in autonomous agriculture vehicles. However, in a complex and challenging farmland environment, there are a series of prominent problems such as complicated installation and debugging, spattered mud blocking the parallel four-bar mechanism, breakage of the sensor wire during operation, and sep

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Nguyen, Hong Quan, Van Tan Vu, and Olivier Sename. "Construction of Ideal Electric Power-Steering Characteristics by Inverse Dynamic Analysis Method." Electronics 14, no. 6 (2025): 1144. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061144.

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Currently, the control strategies of electric power-steering (EPS) systems mainly focus on power-steering torque control. There is no direct relationship between steering torque and steering motion intensity, which makes steering wheel adjustment difficult and does not easily meet the driver’s expectations. This paper proposes a method to represent the driver’s steering intention (steering torque) in the form of steering motion intensity based on the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the EPS system and vehicle motion dynamics. This method establishes the optimal relationship between s

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