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Journal articles on the topic 'Threshold dose distributions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Blom, W. Marty, Berber J. Vlieg-Boerstra, Astrid G. Kruizinga, Sicco van der Heide, Geert F. Houben, and Anthony E. J. Dubois. "Threshold dose distributions for 5 major allergenic foods in children." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 131, no. 1 (2013): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.034.

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Ballmer-Weber, Barbara K., Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Kirsten Beyer, et al. "How much is too much? Threshold dose distributions for 5 food allergens." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 4 (2015): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.047.

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Deale, O. C., R. C. Wesley, D. Morgan, and B. B. Lerman. "Nature of defibrillation: determinism versus probabilism." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 5 (1990): H1544—H1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1544.

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The gradual transitions that are found between unsuccessful and successful shock strengths in percent success or dose-response curves suggest that defibrillation is a probabilistic phenomenon. This concept appears to be reinforced by the fact that a frequency distribution is observed in defibrillation threshold data and that a dose-response relationship is also obtained by integration of the frequency distribution. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a deterministic threshold model (based on experimental results) could produce 1) gradual transitions in dose-response curves, an

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Deasy, Joseph O., M. Victor Wickerhauser, and Mathieu Picard. "Accelerating Monte Carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising." Medical Physics 29, no. 10 (2002): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1508112.

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Sarycheva, Svetlana S. "Patients skin dose measurements during interventional radiological examinations using Gafchromic XR-RV3 FILM." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 12, no. 4 (2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2019-12-4-89-95.

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This work is devoted to the assessment of the absorbed dose in the skin of patients undergoing interventional radiological examinations. There is a probability of deterministic effects in the skin of patients due to high doses of radiation during this type of medical examinations. The aim of this work was to conduct direct measurements of the absorbed dose in the skin of patients undergoing interventional radiological procedures using special dosimetric radiochromic films Gafchromic XR-RV3 to visualize the distribution of radiation over the patient’s skin surface and to study the possibility o

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Doi, Hiroshi, Hiroya Shiomi, Norihisa Masai, et al. "Threshold doses and prediction of visually apparent liver dysfunction after stereotactic body radiation therapy in cirrhotic and normal livers using magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Radiation Research 57, no. 3 (2016): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrw008.

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Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the threshold dose for focal liver damage after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in cirrhotic and normal livers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 64 patients who underwent SBRT for liver tumors, including 54 cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 10 non-cirrhotic patients with liver metastases, were analyzed. MRI was performed 3−6 months after SBRT, using gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced T1-weighted sequences. All MRI datasets were merged with 3D dosim

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Akazawa, K., H. Doi, S. Ohta, et al. "Relationship between Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion in radiotherapy patients." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, no. 2 (2018): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118000014.

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AbstractObjective:This study evaluated the relationship between radiation and Eustachian tube dysfunction, and examined the radiation dose required to induce otitis media with effusion.Methods:The function of 36 Eustachian tubes in 18 patients with head and neck cancer were examined sonotubometrically before, during, and 1, 2 and 3 months after, intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Patients with an increase of 5 dB or less in sound pressure level (dB) during swallowing were categorised as being in the dysfunction group. Additionally, radiation dose distributions were assessed in all Eustachian tu

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Remington, Benjamin C., Joost Westerhout, Anthony E. J. Dubois, et al. "Suitability of low‐dose, open food challenge data to supplement double‐blind, placebo‐controlled data in generation of food allergen threshold dose distributions." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 51, no. 1 (2020): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.13753.

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Hiçsönmez, Ayşe, Yıldız Güney, Ayşen Dizman, et al. "Challenges and Differences in External Radiation Therapy for Retinoblastoma: From Standard Techniques to New Developments." Tumori Journal 103, no. 5 (2015): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000406.

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Aims The purpose of this study is to calculate the treatment plans and to compare the dose distributions and dose-volume histograms (DVH) for 6 external radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of retinoblastoma as well as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (Cyberknife). Methods Treatment plans were developed using 6 techniques, including an en face electron technique (ET), an anterior and lateral wedge photon technique (LFT), a 3D conformal (6 fields) technique (CRT), an inverse plan IMRT, tomotherapy, and conventional focal stereotactic extern

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Fritsch, P., N. Dudoignon, K. Guillet, G. Rateau, and J. Delforge. "Influence de la distribution de dose sur le risque d'apparition de cancers pulmonaires après inhalation d'oxydes d'actinides." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 7 (2002): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-098.

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The aim of this work was to estimate risk of lung tumour occurrence after inhalation of actinide oxides from published studies and rat studies in progress. For the same delivered dose, the risk increases when homogeneity of irradiation increases, i.e., the number of particles deposited after inhalation increases (small particles and (or) low specific alpha activity). The doseeffect relationships reported appear linear up to a few gray, depending on the aerosol considered, and then the slope decreases. This slope, which corresponds with the risk, can vary over one order of magnitude depending

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Brundage, M. D., J. R. Davidson, and W. J. Mackillop. "Trading treatment toxicity for survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 1 (1997): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.1.330.

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PURPOSE To determine how patients weigh potential survival benefits against the potential toxicity of different treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, we were interested in what improvement in survival probability patients would want to have before accepting more toxic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-six outpatients who had experienced lung cancer (n = 22) or prostate cancer (n = 34), and 20 clinic nurses and radiation therapy technologists participated. A treatment trade-off interview was conducted with each participant that compared lo

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Sukhikh, E., L. Sukhikh, A. Vertinsky, P. Izhevsky, I. Sheino, and V. Vertoukhova. "Analysis of the Physical and Radiobiological Equivalence of the Calculated and Measured Dose Distributions for Prostate Stereotactic Radiotherapy." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 3 (2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-3-68-75.

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Purpose: Carrying out the analysis of the physical and radiobiological equivalence of dose distributions obtained during the planning of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy of the prostate cancer and verification using a three-dimensional cylindrical dosimeter. Material and Methods: Based on the anatomical data of twelve patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma, stage T2N0M0 with low risk, plans were developed for stereotactic radiation therapy with volumetric modulates arc therapy (VMAT). The dose per fraction was 7,25 Gy for 5 fractions (total dose 36,25 Gy) with a normal

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Oyeyemi, Kehinde David, Ahzegbobor Phillips Aizebeokhai, Osagie Ayo Ekhaguere, Douglas Emeka Chinwuba, and Charity Ada Onumejor. "Radiogenic Components of Limestone Samples Collected from Ewekoro SW Nigeria: Implications for Public Radiological Health Risks Assessment and Monitoring." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 19 (2019): 3287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.661.

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AIM: This research presents the radiogenic components in thirteen limestone samples from a quarry site in Ewekoro, southwestern Nigeria. METHODS: The distributions of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th and 40K) in the limestone samples were determined by gamma spectroscopy using a well-type thallium-doped sodium iodide detector. Also, estimated associated radiological hazards are presented and compared with the standard threshold values. RESULTS: The activity concentrations for 238U, 232Th and 40K radionuclides range 18.09 ± 3.43-239.50 ± 25.74 Bqkg-1, 8.33 ± 0.83 - 360.01 ± 21.33

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Zhao, Dong-Dong. "Multiscale Simulations of Irradiation Effects of Bilayer Graphene Induced by Swift Heavy Ions." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (2017): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6349.

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The damage production induced by swift heavy ion irradiation in bilayer graphene (BLG) is investigated. The radial dose distributions of delta rays produced by bismuth ions are calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The radial dose rapidly decreases with increasing the distance from the path center. An unusual phenomenon is found that the velocity effect is not suitable for BLG the same as in the single layer graphene (SLG). The energy deposited into the lattice due to electron-phonon coupling is simulated by molecular dynamics method. By given energy to a cylindrical region, the carbon chains

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15

Dano, D., B. C. Remington, C. Astier, et al. "Sesame allergy threshold dose distribution." Food and Chemical Toxicology 83 (September 2015): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.011.

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Blankestijn, Mark A., Ben C. Remington, Geert F. Houben, et al. "Threshold Dose Distribution in Walnut Allergy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 5, no. 2 (2017): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2016.12.005.

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Brągoszewska, Ewa, and Izabela Biedroń. "Indoor Air Quality and Potential Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in an Office Rooms in Southern Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112604.

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The aims of this article are to characterize: the quantity of culturable bacterial aerosol (QCBA) and the quality of culturable bacterial aerosol (QlCBA) in an office building in Southern Poland during the spring. The average concentration of culturable bacterial aerosol (CCBA) in this building ranged from 424 CFU m−3 to 821 CFU m−3, below Polish proposals for threshold limit values. Size distributions were unimodal, with a peak of particle bacterial aerodynamic diameters less than 3.3 μm, increasing potentially adverse health effects due to their inhalation. The spring office exposure dose (S

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Maraghechi, Borna, Jack Davis, Nicholas Mitchell, et al. "The sensitivity of gamma index analysis to detect multileaf collimator (MLC) positioning errors using Varian TrueBeam EPID and ArcCHECK for patient-specific prostate volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) quality assurance." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 17, no. 1 (2017): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000425.

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AbstractBackgroundDue to the increased degree of modulation and complexity of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans, it is necessary to have a pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance (QA) programme. The gamma index is commonly used to quantitatively compare two dose distributions. In this study we investigated the sensitivity of single- and multi-gamma criteria techniques to detect multileaf collimator (MLC) positioning errors using the Varian TrueBeam Electronic Portal Imaging DeviceTM (EPID) dosimetry and the ArcCHECKTM device.Materials and methodsAll active MLC positions of

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Muñoz, Iker, Stephen Seiler, Javier Bautista, Javier España, Eneko Larumbe, and Jonathan Esteve-Lanao. "Does Polarized Training Improve Performance in Recreational Runners?" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 2 (2014): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0350.

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Purpose:To quantify the impact of training-intensity distribution on 10K performance in recreational athletes.Methods:30 endurance runners were randomly assigned to a training program emphasizing low-intensity, sub-ventilatory-threshold (VT), polarized endurance-training distribution (PET) or a moderately high-intensity (between-thresholds) endurance-training program (BThET). Before the study, the subjects performed a maximal exercise test to determine VT and respiratory-compensation threshold (RCT), which allowed training to be controlled based on heart rate during each training session over

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Осовец, С., S. Osovets, Т. Азизова, T. Azizova, Е. Григорьева, and E. Grigor'eva. "Risk Assessment and Dose Thresholds at the Plutonium Pnevmosclerosis." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 63, no. 2 (2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ac61ede369432.74296396.

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Purpose: To assess risks curves, dose thresholds, and their uncertainties for plutonium-induced pneumosclerosis (PPS) among Mayak PA workers based on developed methods of mathematical modeling. Material and methods: PPS risk modeling with further calculation of dose thresholds and their uncertainties was performed using a comparative analysis of estimates of individual absorbed lung doses from incorporated plutonium-239 provided by two Mayak Worker Dosimetry Systems: MWDS-2008 and MWDS-2013. To carry out the calculations, four groups of workers were formed: workers with PPS induced only by plu

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van der Valk, Johanna P. M., Roy Gerth van Wijk, J. L. Baumert, et al. "Threshold dose distribution and eliciting dose of cashew nut allergy." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 117, no. 6 (2016): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.007.

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Abrams, Aaron, Sandy Ganzell, Henry Landau, Zeph Landau, James Pommersheim, and Eric Zaslow. "Optimal Estimators for Threshold-Based Quality Measures." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2010 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/752750.

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We consider a problem in parametric estimation: givennsamples from an unknown distribution, we want to estimate which distribution, from a given one-parameter family, produced the data. Following Schulman and Vazirani (2005), we evaluate an estimator in terms of the chance of being within a specified tolerance of the correct answer, in the worst case. We provide optimal estimators for several families of distributions onℝ. We prove that for distributions on a compact space, there is always an optimal estimator that is translation invariant, and we conjecture that this conclusion also holds for

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23

Deidda, R. "A multiple threshold method for fitting the generalized Pareto distribution to rainfall time series." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 12 (2010): 2559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2559-2010.

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Abstract. Previous studies indicate the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a suitable distribution function to reliably describe the exceedances of daily rainfall records above a proper optimum threshold, which should be selected as small as possible to retain the largest sample while assuring an acceptable fitting. Such an optimum threshold may differ from site to site, affecting consequently not only the GPD scale parameter, but also the probability of threshold exceedance. Thus a first objective of this paper is to derive some expressions to parameterize a simple threshold-invariant t

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Guo, Li, Mingqing Liu, Ronghua Lu, Shensheng Han, and Jing Chen. "Analysis of above-threshold ionization by “Wigner-distribution-like function” method." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 4 (2019): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000569.

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AbstractAbove-threshold ionization (ATI) is one of the most fundamental processess when atoms or molecules are subjected to intense laser fields. Analysis of ATI process in intense laser fields by a Wigner-distribution-like (WDL) function is reviewed in this paper. The WDL function is used to obtain various time-related distributions, such as time-energy distribution, ionization time distribution, and time-emission angle distribution and so on, of atoms in laser field pulses with different laser parameters. For the linearly polarized laser pulses, the time-energy distribution intuitively shows

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Deidda, R. "A multiple threshold method for fitting the generalized Pareto distribution and a simple representation of the rainfall process." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (2010): 4957–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-4957-2010.

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Abstract. Previous studies indicate the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a suitable distribution function to reliably describe the exceedances of daily rainfall records above a proper optimum threshold, which should be selected as small as possible to retain the largest sample while assuring an acceptable fitting. Such an optimum threshold may differ from site to site, affecting consequently not only the GPD scale parameter, but also the probability of threshold exceedance. Thus a first objective of this paper is to derive some expressions to parameterize a simple threshold-invariant t

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Divaret-Chauveau, A., I. Clerc-Urmès, J. M. Renaudin, V. Cordebar, P. Dumond, and C. Schweitzer. "Threshold dose distribution for cashew nut allergy in children." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 48, no. 7 (2018): 902–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.13150.

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Lee, Chia-Ju, Tuan-Nam Lai, Chang-Chou Chiang, and Hai-Chin Yu. "Dynamic conditional correlation and volatility distributions in Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (2019): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.13.

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This study investigates the volatility and co-movement of gold prices across Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets. Using a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, the authors estimate the cross-correlation and volatility of gold in each pair among three markets over the period from 1993 to 2012. Both the time-varying correlations and realized distributions are explored. After estimating the DCC as well as the corresponding distributions of the DCC among the three markets, the results suggest that: (i) the DCC probability distribution of London and New York shows a higher volatility as

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Kalandrakis, Tasos, and Miguel R. Rueda. "National Electoral Thresholds and Disproportionality." Political Analysis 29, no. 1 (2020): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2020.15.

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We model the conditional distribution of seats given vote shares induced by national electoral systems using a stochastic threshold of representation and a disproportionality parameter that regulates allocation for parties above the threshold. We establish conditions for the parameters of this model to be identified from observed seats/votes data, and develop a Maximum a Posteriori Expectation-Maximization (MAP-EM) algorithm to estimate them. We apply the procedure to 116 electoral systems used in 417 elections to the lower house across 36 European countries since WWII. We reject a test of mod

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Orlovskaya, V. I., and I. G. Trifonov. "Dose assessment for NPP staff for beyond design basis accident taking into account typical site infrastructure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 4 (2020): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-4-485-490.

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Assessment of radiation effect on nuclear power plant staff was made for beyond design basis accident (4 hours period). The considered accident scenario includes emergency radionuclide emission through containment bypass. Assessment of radiation effect on NPP staff was done on the basis of radionuclide concentration distribution on site considering typical infrastructure. Concentration mapping was calculated by developed program module for COMSOL 3.5a application. The obtained data included average volume radionuclide activities in lower air layer, total inhalation dose, effective dose of exte

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Taylor, Gregory J., Kenneth J. Stadt, and Mark R. T. Dale. "Modelling the phytotoxicity of aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc using the Weibull frequency distribution." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 2 (1991): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-049.

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The toxic effects of aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc stress on root growth of Triticum aestivum were modelled using a modified version of the Weibull frequency distribution. The modified Weibull function is a continuous, nonlinear mathematical function that provides direct estimates of several important biological parameters, including maximum growth, minimum growth, growth response, toxicity threshold, and maximum unit toxicity. The function was fit to experimental data using standard nonlinear regression techniques. Despite variation among metals in the characteristics

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Wu, Vincent W. C., Candy S. C. Tsang, Freddy H. K. Mak, Joe C. H. Chan, Kenneth M. W. Leung, and H. W. Leung. "Dose analysis of boost treatment to parapharyngeal space of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 2, no. 3 (2000): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396900000236.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with parapharyngeal space (PPS) involvement are routinely given boost irradiation in Hong Kong. The current technique that employs a single field has many limitations in terms of dose distribution. This study is aimed to compare the dose distribution between the newly designed 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and conventional techniques for the boost treatment of PPS so as to determine the more optimal treatment.Fifteen NPC patients with unilateral PPS involvement were recruited. Their CT images were loaded into the FOCUS planning system for

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Hunt, Daniel L., Shesh N. Rai, and Chin-Shang Li. "Summary of Dose-Response Modeling for Developmental Toxicity Studies." Dose-Response 6, no. 4 (2008): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.08-007.hunt.

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Developmental toxicity studies are an important area in the field of toxicology. Endpoints measured on fetuses include weight and indicators of death and malformation. Binary indicator measures are typically summed over the litter and a discrete distribution is assumed to model the number of adversely affected fetuses. Additionally, there is noticeable variation in the litter responses within dose groups that should be taken into account when modeling. Finally, the dose-response pattern in these studies exhibits a threshold effect. The threshold dose-response model is the default model for non

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Wu, Ya, Philippe Escande, and R. Du. "A New Method for Real-Time Tool Condition Monitoring in Transfer Machining Stations1." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 2 (2000): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1334859.

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This paper introduces a new method for tool condition monitoring in transfer machining stations. The new method is developed based on a combination of wavelet transform, signal reconstruction, and the probability of threshold crossing. It consists of two parts: training and decision making. Training is aimed at determining the alarm threshold and it is done in six steps: (1) Calculate the wavelet packet transform of the sensor signals (spindle motor current) obtained from normal tool conditions. (2) Select feature wavelet packets that represent the principal components of the signals. (3) Reco

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Jones, K. S., and C. J. Santana. "Amorphization of elemental and compound semiconductors upon ion implantation." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 5 (1991): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1048.

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Cross-sectional TEM studies of ion implantation induced amorphization in a large number of semiconductors have been performed. Samples of Si, AlAs, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, InP, InAs, and ZnSe were simultaneously implanted at 77 K with 20 keV Si+ at doses between 1 × 1014/cm2 and 1 × 1016/cm2. A dose of 1 × 1015/cm2 minimized the ion beam induced epitaxial crystallization and sputtering effects. The depth of the amorphous layer at this dose was compared with Monte Carlo damage density distribution calculations (TRIM'90). The threshold damage density (TDD) necessary for amorphization was determined for

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Yu, Haichao, Feng Tang, Jun Chen, Zao Yi, Xin Ye, and Yiqun Wang. "Reflective Meta-Films with Anti-Damage Property via Field Distribution Manipulation." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060640.

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The reflective optical multi-films with high damage thresholds are widely used in intense-light systems. Metasurfaces, which can manipulate light peculiarly, give a new approach to achieve highly reflective films by a single-layer configuration. In this study, reflective metasurfaces, composed of silicon nanoholes, are numerically investigated to achieve high damage thresholds. These nanoholes can confine the strongest electric field into the air zone, and, subsequently, the in-air electric field does not interact directly with silicon, attenuating the optothermal effect that causes damage. Fi

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de Faria, Clara Maria Gonçalves, Natalia Mayumi Inada, José Dirceu Vollet-Filho, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "A threshold dose distribution approach for the study of PDT resistance development." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 182 (May 2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.022.

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Hallerberg, S., and H. Kantz. "How does the quality of a prediction depend on the magnitude of the events under study?" Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15, no. 2 (2008): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-321-2008.

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Abstract. We investigate the predictability of extreme events in time series. The focus of this work is to understand, under which circumstances large events are better predictable than smaller events. Therefore we use a simple prediction algorithm based on precursory structures which are identified via the maximum likelihood principle. Using theses precursory structures we predict threshold crossings in autocorrelated processes of order one, which are either Gaussian, exponentially or Pareto distributed. The receiver operating characteristic curve is used as a measure for the quality of predi

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Wells, G. A. H., T. Konold, M. E. Arnold, et al. "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: the effect of oral exposure dose on attack rate and incubation period in cattle." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 4 (2007): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82421-0.

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The dose–response of cattle exposed to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent is an important component of modelling exposure risks for animals and humans and thereby, the modulation of surveillance and control strategies for BSE. In two experiments calves were dosed orally with a range of amounts of a pool of brainstems from BSE-affected cattle. Infectivity in the pool was determined by end-point titration in mice. Recipient cattle were monitored for clinical disease and, from the incidence of pathologically confirmed cases and their incubation periods (IPs), the attack rate and IP

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de Faria, Clara Maria Gonçalves, Natalia Mayumi Inada, Cristina Kurachi, and Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato. "Determination of the threshold dose distribution in photodynamic action from in vitro experiments." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 162 (September 2016): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.041.

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Calabrese, Edward J., Edward J. Stanek, Marc A. Nascarella, and George R. Hoffmann. "Hormesis Predicts Low-Dose Responses Better Than Threshold Models." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 5 (2008): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802503735.

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This study evaluated characteristics of the concentration-response relationships of chemicals from the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) Yeast Anticancer Drug Screen database with respect to the threshold and the hormetic dose-response models. The database reported concentration-response studies of 2189 chemicals from a broad range of chemical classes. The biological end point was growth in 13 strains of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), most of which contain genetic alterations affecting DNA repair or cell cycle control. The analysis was limited to studies that satisfied a priori entry cr

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Johansen, Safora, Kristin H. Tjessem, Kristian Fosså, et al. "Dose Distribution in the Heart and Cardiac Chambers following 4-field Radiation Therapy of Breast Cancer: a Retrospective Study." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 7 (January 2013): BCBCR.S11118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bcbcr.s11118.

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Purpose To evaluate cardiac doses in breast cancer patients with stage II/III treated with 4-field radiotherapy based on computed tomography (CT) dose planning. Methods and Materials Based on archived CT images, whole heart and cardiac chamber radiation doses were analyzed in 216 (111 left-sided and 105 right-sided) mastectomized or lumpectomized breast cancer patients treated at a single institution, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, between 2000–2002. Individual dose volume histograms for the whole heart and for the four cardiac chambers were obtained, and mean, median and maximum doses to thes

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Klein Entink, Rinke H., Benjamin C. Remington, W. Marty Blom, et al. "Food allergy population thresholds: An evaluation of the number of oral food challenges and dosing schemes on the accuracy of threshold dose distribution modeling." Food and Chemical Toxicology 70 (August 2014): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.001.

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Sassaroli, E., K. C. P. Li, and B. E. O'Neill. "Modeling Focused Ultrasound Exposure for the Optimal Control of Thermal Dose Distribution." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/252741.

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Preclinical studies indicate that focused ultrasound at exposure conditions close to the threshold for thermal damage can increase drug delivery at the focal region. Although these results are promising, the optimal control of temperature still remains a challenge. To address this issue, computer-simulated ultrasound treatments have been performed. When the treatments are delivered without taking into account the cooling effect exerted by the blood flow, the resulting thermal dose is highly variable with regions of thermal damage, regions of underdosage close to the vessels, and areas in betwe

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Yang, T. L., C. Y. Chai, and C. T. Yen. "Enhanced sympathetic reactivity to glutamate stimulation in medulla oblongata of spontaneously hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 4 (1995): H1499—H1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.4.h1499.

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The distribution and reactivity of vasomotor sites in the ventrolateral (VLM) and dorsomedial medulla (DMM) of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared. Rats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and urethan. Baroreceptor denervation and vagotomy were performed. L-Glutamate (Glu, 10 mM, 30 nl) was microinjected into the DMM or VLM to identify vasoactive sites. The extent and the patterns of distribution of these sites in the three strains of rats were similar. The dose-response curve of the vasoacti

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Osei, Ernest, Faiza Nuru, and Michael Moore. "ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION DOSES OF MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS IN TWO COMMUNITY HOSPITALS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 192, no. 1 (2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa190.

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Abstract The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends the adoption of the linear, no-threshold model as a predictive risk model for radiation protection purposes since the relationship between low-dose radiation exposure and cancer risk is unclear. Medical radiation workers are subject to occupational exposures and differences in workload, area of work and types of exposure can lead to variations in exposures between different occupational groups. We investigated the occupational exposures of 572 workers from four departments in two community hospitals and stratified into

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Stewart, BK. "SU-G-206-14: Individual Dose Alert Thresholds for Abdominal CT Protocols Due to Statistical Independence of Dose Distributions." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part25 (2016): 3642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4956955.

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Sabino, L. G., J. D. V. Filho, J. Ferreira, C. Kurachi, and V. Bagnato. "Model for effects of a broad threshold dose distribution for multi-session of photodynamic therapy." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 8, no. 2 (2011): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.214.

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Liu, Baochang, Johnson Darko, and Ernest Osei. "Preclinical studies for implementing flattening filter-free beams in hypofractionated volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 3 (2017): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000176.

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AbstractBackgroundVolumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has emerged as one of the most favourable techniques for radiotherapy treatment in recent years because of its conformal dose distribution to the planning target volume (PTV), lower doses to adjacent normal organs at risk (OARs) and faster and easier dose delivery. A typical conventional VMAT protocol for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer uses a flattened 6 MV photon beam to deliver 78 Gy in 39 fractions, however, a recent Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study investigated prostate cancer radiotherapy with a hypofractionated dose s

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Andrade, R. J., M. I. Lucena, J. A. Gonzalez-Correa, C. Garcia-Arias, and P. Gonzalez-Santos. "Short-Term Effect of Various Doses of Cyclosporin A on Plasma Lipoproteins and its Distribution in Blood: An Experimental Study." Human & Experimental Toxicology 12, no. 2 (1993): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719301200208.

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Hyperlipidaemia commonly develops in both transplant recipients and experimental animals receiving cyclosporin A (CsA). However, the threshold of CsA induced-changes on lipoproteins and the role of parenteral vehicle (cremophor) has not been defined. Male Wistar rats were classified into five groups of six animals each and received CsA in cremophor vehicle at doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg kg-1 d-1, s.c., vehicle alone or saline for 7 d. Blood was obtained 24 h after the last dose and plasma was analysed. Plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipo

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Guo, H., Y. Liu, and J. E. Penner. "Does the threshold representation associated with the autoconversion process matter?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 5 (2008): 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1225-2008.

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Abstract. Different ad hoc threshold functions associated with the autoconversion process have been arbitrarily used in atmospheric models. However, it is unclear how these ad hoc functions impact model results. Here systematic investigations of the sensitivities of climatically-important properties: CF (cloud fraction), LWP (liquid water path), and AIE (aerosol indirect effect) to threshold functions have been performed using a 3-D cloud-resolving model. It is found that the effect of threshold representations is larger on instantaneous values than on daily averages; and the effect depends on

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