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1
Kailashkumar, B. "Development and evaluation of a sesame thresher as influenced by crop, machine and operational parameters." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (July 19, 2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2824.
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The development of a sesame thresher for the purpose has clearly an edge over conventional methods of threshing and reduce the drudgery of work to a great extent. Due to the scarcity of daily labours, it is essential to bring in a sesame thresher, which is cost-effective, compact, reduce threshing losses and easy to use for sesame cultivars. The laboratory experiments were conducted with different levels of variables, from that the combination level of 11.0 ms-1 peripheral velocity of threshing cylinder, 15 mm concave clearance, spike tooth type cylinder and 16.8 % (d.b) moisture content of harvested sesame capsule were selected. The selected combination level yielding the maximum threshing efficiency of 99.0 %, maximum cleaning efficiency of 99.4 % and minimum % visible damage to threshed sesame grains of 0.79 %, was optimized for the development of prototype sesame thresher. A prototype sesame thresher consisting of a mainframe, threshing unit, blower and sieve assembly, feed chute, power transmission system and transport wheels was developed with optimized level of variables. The prototype sesame thresher was evaluated for its performance in comparison with the conventional method of sesame threshing. Compared with the manual method of threshing, the prototype sesame thresher resulted in 17, 12, and 1.2 % savings in threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and % visible damage to threshed sesame grains. The prototype sesame thresher results in 87 % and 83 % saving in time and cost respectively when compared to the conventional method of manual threshing.
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George, DL, and JB Greenaway. "A single-head hand thresher for sunflower." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850654.
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A simple mobile machine was constructed to allow hand threshing in the field of sunflower heads of high moisture content. The thresher, consisting of a grill and collecting funnel, was mounted on a wheelbarrow-type frame with pneumatic wheel. Sunflower heads could be threshed 5 weeks after flowering.
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Shaforostov, V. D., S. S. Makarov, and G. V. Kochurov. "Thresher for threshing of the individual sunflower heads." Oil Crops 185, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2021-1-185-63-66.
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As a result of the studying the threshing process of individual sunflower heads on a specially designed stand, we found the main factor affecting the quality of threshing is the threshing disc speed. It is named the acceleration coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the threshing roller frequency to the starting frequency. It allowed modifying the design of the existing thresher. While modernizing the thresher, the basic principle of sunflower heads threshing and threshing modes remained unchanged. We added a smooth adjustment of threshing modes by means of an electric motor speed control unit, which allows adjusting the thresher for high-quality threshing of heads of the various sunflower varieties. The deck is cleared of seeds stuck in it with compressed air; the threshed head is ejected automatically. According to the results of laboratory tests of the modernized thresher, it was concluded that it provides highquality threshing of individual sunflower heads. Therewith, amount of injured seeds does not exceed 0.35%, seed losses in the thresher do not exceed 1.73% and the seed content in the heap after threshing is 97.02 %.
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Anton Hidayat, Nasrullah, and Ramiati. "Mengatur Kecepatan Motor DC dengan menggunakan Metode Fuzzy pada Alat Perontok Padi." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.11.2.23.
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In designing this device, the rice thresher will be lighter, so it will be easier in lifting, simpler in using so farmers as main users will easier in operating this instrument with featuring speed controllable by applying fuzzy method, and also no fossil fuels used because it utilize sunshine as green energy to drive DC motor. Solar cells are used to absorb sunshine in rice thresher machine because it easier in maintenance. The test results of the rice thresher machine is the reduction of the avarage motor speed by 195 rpm every each five rice straws, in the other hand the maximum electric current is needed to spin the rice threser is 6 ampere and minimum electric current is 2.2 ampere. Furthermore, to stabilize motor speed at 2000 rpm, the avarage time required is 6 seconds when this machine loaded with rice straws. The eficiency of the rice thresher machine is 96%, it mean the avarage time to thresh the rice is 9 rice straws every each seconds.
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Bragg, D. E. "Comparison of Cspw Damage on Gaucho Treated Canola." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.206.
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Abstract Gaucho 75 ST at a rate of 12 oz Al/cwt was applied as seed treatment. Canola was seeded with a small plot drill on 30 May at 6 lb/acre, with the Gaucho treatment and an untreated check in a RCBD 4 replicated plot consisting of 6 X 20 ft replicates. At 80% dark seed, the Canola was swathed to dry. Counts of CSPW exit holes per 100 pods were made per replicate. Samples of m2 size per replicate were threshed in a stationary thresher to obtain yield data.
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Sagita, Diang, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan, and Wawan Hermawan. "Prototype of Corn Thresher Unit for Corn Combine Harvester." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v8i3.153-163.
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One of the ways to support corn production is through technology implementation, but the domestic industries have not attempted to produce technology for harvesting activities especially corn harvesting. This research was carried out to get the best design, prototype and performance of corn thresher unit to be applied to the design of a corn combine harvester. The components consist of threshing cylinders, perforated cages, grain screw conveyors and corn cob entry holes. The research method begins from analyzing (functional and structural designs), designing, testing performance, evaluating and modifying. The performance test was carried out stationary using corn cob raw material. The performance of the thresher unit has been quite good. The results show that the best performance was the prototype with the last modification (C). Threshing efficiency reached 93.75%, percentage of un-threshed kernel was 6.25%, and cleanliness level 90.68%. While threshing capacity was 358.28 kg/hour, which corn cob feeding was carried out by humans with a feeding capacity of 420.05 kg/hour
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Rjadnov, Aleksey I., Vyacheslav F. Fedorenko, Olga A. Fedorova, Nikolay P. Mishurov, and Svetlana A. Davydova. "Improvements in Broom Corn Harvesting Process." Engineering Technologies and Systems 29, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.029.201904.635-651.
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Introduction. Solving the problem of harvesting broom corn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum) with minimal expenditure of labor and resources, and high quality is possible through improving existing or developing new processes and equipment for harvesting. At the same time, the proposed new processes and equipment should ensure the reduction or complete elimination of the share of manual labor. The purpose of the work is to improve the process for harvesting of broom corn based on a complex performance criterion. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis for choosing an effective process for harvesting broom corn was the theory of efficiency of technical systems. According to it, the latter is estimated using the value of a complex criterion that includes a set of particular indicators and their relative importance. Results. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the broom corn harvesting process according to a complex criterion that takes into account particular indicators and their relative importance. A developed process for harvesting broom corn includes: threshing of standing broom corn in the direct flow offset threshing chamber of a combine harvester with simultaneous mowing of the threshed plants using the combine harvester thresher; collecting the threshed and mown plants in the tractor trailer and the threshed grain in the hopper; transportation of threshed and cut plants to the place of storage; and stacking of threshed plants with drying them using active ventilation. Based on experimental studies, the values of all the studied particular indicators and their coefficients of relative importance were determined; a comprehensive performance criterion for the existing process for broom corn harvesting and the proposed process was calculated. Discussion and Conclusion. The calculated values of coefficients K* 1 and K* 2 for the existing and proposed processes for harvesting broom corn were used to determine the complex performance criterion, which is φ(Wi) = 15.54 for the existing process and φ(Wi) = 2588.75 for the proposed one respectively. According to the complex criterion, the proposed harvesting process is more efficient than that currently used more than 160 times.
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Kholief, R. M., R. R. Abu-Shieshaa, and S. A. Marey. "UTILIZATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THRESHED MATERIALS UPON THRESHER SIEVES FOR REDUCING GRAIN SORGHUM LOSSES." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 1479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2009.90274.
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Shaforostov, V. D., S. S. Makarov, and G. V. Kochurov. "Universal stand for studying of threshing process of a separate sunflower heads." Oil Crops 3, no. 183 (November 30, 2020): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2020-3-183-99-102.
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While studying the designs of threshing devices and threshing methods, we revealed the main factors that have a significant effecting the threshing process. It has been established that the primary method of seeds threshing is blow with subsequent wiping. Deformation of sunflower heads makes the threshing process easy and reduces seeds damage. When working, all the threshing and separating devices, acting as control objects, are subject to external influences that are caused by numerous and diverse factors requiring constant monitoring and adjustment of the control system. Such factors are moisture, physical and mechanical properties and varietal qualities of the threshed crop. After analyzing the material of the review of copyright certificates and patents, we concluded the new thresher should perform the following operations: compression, vibration, wiping, and blow. The developed stand allows exploring all methods of sunflower heads threshing and studying the impact of each factor on the characteristics of the obtained seed material.
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Blackshear, Sam, Bor-Yuh Evan Chang, and Manu Sridharan. "Thresher." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 48, no. 6 (June 23, 2013): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2499370.2462186.
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Teetes, George L., Roger M. Anderson, and Bonnie B. Pendleton. "Field Evaluation of Sorghum Midge-Resistant Sorghum Hybrids, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.366.
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Abstract Seventeen F, sorghum hybrids of released and experimental parental lines arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications were evaluated for resistance to sorghum midge (SM) in duplicated field trials at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at College Station, TX and at the Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX. Seed was sown 14 May in rows spaced 30 inches (76.2 cm) apart and 5 Apr in rows spaced 38 inches (96.5 cm) apart at College Station and Corpus Christi, respectively. Yield and damage ratings were used to evaluate hybrids of resistant by resistant parents, and resistant by susceptible parents, compared with hybrids of susceptible by susceptible parents. At College Station, 100-kernel weight also was determined. Rating of damage caused by SM was done at sorghum kernel physiological maturity where 1 = 1-10, 2 = 11-20, to 9 = 81-100% kernel loss. Panicles from plots were hand harvested (0.0025 ha) and threshed by using a stationary plot thresher. Grain yield was calculated by converting grain weight to kg/ha. ANOVA and LSD at the 0.05 probability level were used to analyze data.
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Singh, Divya, and Deepa Vinay. "Optimization of machine parameters of Parvatiya Sugam motorized thresher using response surface methodology." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.402.
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A Parvatiya Sugam Thresher was designed and developed at College of Home Science GBPUA & T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. It is a low cost motorized machine for threshing paddy crops especially for hill region, it is user friendly and more efficient in its working. The machine performance was evaluated for optimal design parameters viz, height 755 mm, time 5.1 minutes and crop load 1.5 kg. Comparative performance tests between the newly developed (Parvatiya sugam thresher) and existing thresher were conducted to the optimization. Test result indicates that Parvatiya sugam thresher gives better result compared to existing thresher. It was inferred that ½ hp motor was introduced to have optimum drum speed and threshing performance of paddy thresher.
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Chepurin, G. E. "Trends and expediency of classifi cation of combine harvesters." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-4-9.
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The work presents the results of the analysis of combine harvesters’ classifi cation systems applied in the former USSR, the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, as well as in the USA and Argentina. The expediency of their application is shown depending on the purpose of combines, advertising, organizing their production and operation in various climatic and industrial conditions. Classifi cation by structural and energy parameters is necessary when developing new combines. However, it does not reveal the potential functionality of combines and the effi ciency of their work in specifi c zonal conditions with signifi cant fl uctuations in yield, moisture, straw content and other physical and mechanical properties of harvested crops. In Russia and the CIS countries, combine harvesters are classifi ed according to their nominal throughput specifi ed in the passport. It is characterized by the value of the actual supply of grain bulk in kilograms per second to the combine thresher with a grain loss of 1.5% whereby grain is threshed in the direct way with standard yield and specifi ed moisture and straw content. Previously, the standard in the USSR stipulated that testing should be carried out in areas with the yield of at least 4 t/ha. In some areas, due to a low grain yield, it was not possible to indicate the conditions of comparative tests. The standards of the Russian Federation provide for comparative testing of combines during grain threshing with a yield characteristic of the zone. This contradicts the principles of the identity of comparative test conditions. To solve this urgent scientifi c problem, it is necessary to develop alternative, less laborintensive methods for comparative testing of combines in determining their nominal throughput recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is necessary to allow underutilization of the nominal throughput of the harvester of no more than 10%. Overloading the thresher is not allowed, since it leads to signifi cant grain losses during threshing.
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Kailashkumar, Er B. "A Need for Sesame Thresher." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22862.
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Afolabi, Akintayo, Kolawole I. Oguntade, and Aisha Abdulkadir. "Adaptive Performance Evaluation of IAR-Sorghum Thresher for Two Varieties of Wheat." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34 (August 20, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.sp1.9.
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With the aim of providing a multi-crop thresher to local farmers, the IAR-sorghum thresher was evaluated using varieties of wheat. Among the factors which were varied in the randomized complete block design experiments used in the evaluation were 2 levels of moisture content, 2 levels on feed rate, 3 levels of cylinder speed and 3 replications of each treatment. The indices used to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the thresher to process wheat were threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, scatter loss from thresher and its output capacity. The fuel consumption rates of carrying the tasks out were also determined for the 2 moisture contents of each variety. These indices translate into the economics qualities and quantities which would influence the acceptance or other of the thresher by targeted farmers. It was found that the thresher could thresh the crop to a threshing efficiency of 95%, cleaning efficiency of 82%, scatter loss of 10% achieved by the thresher was rather high, and the output capacity of 9 kg hr-1 was not satisfactorily. Hence, the recommendation on how to improve on the thresher performance and the rate of fuel consumption were provided.
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Mirza, Arfat, Ramayanty Bulan, Ramayanty Bulan, and Syafriandi Syafriandi. "Analisis Pengembangan Thresher Dan Combine Harvester Untuk Produktifitas Padi Di Kabupaten Pidie." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i2.7422.
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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui pola pengembangan alat dan mesin pertanian berupa Thresher dan Combine Harvester, menentukan strategi yang seharusnya dipilih untuk pengembangan Thresher dan Combine Harvester untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi, memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan yang harus dilakukan pemerintah pusat/daerah untukmengembangkan Thresher dan Combine Harvester.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dengan melakukan wawancara 200 petani, 20 penyuluh dankumpulan datayang diperoleh dari 2 (dua) instansi pemerintah yaitu: Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Pidie dan Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten Pidie. Pengembangan Thresher dan Combine Harvesterdi Kabupaten Pidie Provinsi Aceh yang meliputi 8 Kecamatan yang terdiri dari 4 Kecamatan maju yaitu Kecamatan Mila, Padang Tiji, Sakti, Tangse dan 4 Kecamatan kurang maju yaitu: Kecamatan Batee, Grong Grong, Mutiara, Simpang Tiga.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan lahan menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas padi, semakin besar luas lahan semakin meningkatkan produksi padi, begitu juga sebaliknya semakin kecil luas lahan tingkat produksi padi semakin kecil. Oleh karena itu luas lahan sangat membantu meningkatkan produktivitas padi. Terdapat hubungan antara luas lahan pertanian dengan pengembangan Thresher dan Combine Harvester di sector pertanian, ketika luas lahan meningkat atau menurun Thresher dan Combine Harvester akan terus meningkat tiap tahunnya, luas lahan sawah dari tahun 2011 sampai 2016 tetap sama 29.779 Ha. Sedangkan jumlah Thresher 376 Unit, Combine Harvester 31 Unit. Menurut prsepsi masyarakat persentase penggunaan Thersher lebih banyak dari pada Combine Harvester yaitu 71% petani menggunakan Thresher, sebaliknya 29% petani menggunakan Combine Harvester. Biaya pemotongan dan perontokan menggunakan Thresher Rp.660.000, sedangkan biaya pemanenan menggunakan Combine Harvester Rp.600.000 dalam 1 Naleh lahan sawah.Analysis of Thresher and Combine Harvester Development for Rice Productivity in Pidie DistrictAbstract. Abstract. This study aims to examine and understand the pattern of agricultural tool and machine development in the form of Thresher and Combine Harvester, to determine the strategy that should be chosen for the development of Thresher and Combine Harvester to improve rice productivity, to provide policy recommendation to be done by central / regional government to develop Thresher and Combine Harvester This research uses observation method by interviewing 200 farmers, 20 counselors and collection of data obtained from 2 (two) government agencies, namely: Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Pidie Regency and Food Crops Office of Pidie Regency. The development of Thresher and Combine Harvester in Pidie District of Aceh Province covering 8 sub-districts consisting of 4 sub-districts namely Mila sub-district, Tiji, Sakti, Tangse and 4 less developed sub-districts: Batee, Grong Grong, Mutiara, Simpang Tiga.Hasil from research this shows that the availability of land to be one of the factors affecting rice productivity, the greater the land area increasingly increasing rice production, and vice versa the smaller land area of rice production level is smaller. Therefore, the area of land is very helpful to increase rice productivity. There is a relationship between farmland with the development of Thresher and Combine Harvester in the agricultural sector, when the land area increases or decreases Thresher and Combine Harvester will continue to increase each year, the area of rice fields from 2011 to 2016 remained the same 29,779 ha. While the number of Thresher 376 Units, Combine Harvester 31 Units. According to the public perception percentage of Thersher use more than the Combine Harvester is 71% farmers use Thresher, on the contrary 29% of farmers use Combine Harvester. The cost of cutting and threshing using Thresher Rp.660.000, while the cost of harvesting using Combine Harvester Rp.600.000 in 1 Naleh wetland.
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Siadina, Siadina, Hasanuddin Kandatong, and Indri Astuti. "Analisis Pendapatan Petani Padi Sawah Dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Alat Pasca Panen di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar." AGROVITAL : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35329/agrovital.v4i1.322.
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Usaha dari suatu proses pembangunan itu tidak lepas dari adanya informasi dan teknologi pertanian yang efektif serta informasi yang tepat dengan harapan akan terjadi perubahan perilaku maupun kemampuan petani dalam kegiatan usaha tani dan peningkatan produksi guna mewujudkan tujuan dari suatu proses pembangunan yaitu swasembada beras. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Wonomulyo Kabupaten Polewali Mandar pada bulan Oktober 2018 sampai dengan Desember 2018. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan dan besarnya pendapatan bagi petani yang menggunakan Combine Harvester dan Power Thresher. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan langsung menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan, R/C Ratio dan B/C Ratio. Adapun untuk penarikan sampel digunakan metode simple random sampling sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 48 orang. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pendapatan petani yang menggunakan Power Thresher lebih tinggi dibandingkan petani yang menggunakan Combine Harvester di sebabkan oleh luas lahan petani, dimana Power Thresher lahan panen lebih luas dibandingkan Combine Harvester. Total biaya yang digunakan oleh petani Combine Harvester yaitu sebesar Rp.4.850.945 sedangkan Power Thresher yaitu sebesar Rp.6.200.712. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunan Power Thresher dan Combine Harvester layak untuk digunakan karena dapat meningkatkan pendapatan sesuai nilai R/C Ratio dari Combine Harvester yaitu 4,1 dan Power Thresher yaitu 3,4 dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp.15.124.555 untuk Combine Harvester dan Rp.15.336.288 untuk Power Thresher. Sedangkan untuk efektifitas dari kedua alat pasca panen tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa Combine Harvester lebih efektif dibandingkan Power Thresher.
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Pogosyan, V. M. "Batch corn thresher." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny, no. 5 (2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2019-5-16-20.
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Umogbai, V. I., and A. Shehu. "Development and Performance Evaluation of a Manually Operated Cowpea Thresher." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.239.
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Threshing is one of the major problems associated with cowpea production in Nigeria. In spite of the food and nutritional importance of the crop to human diet, its threshing has been and remains a serious problem to the farmers. The techniques for threshing cowpea in most rural areas are still the traditional methods of seed separation which are uneconomical, labourous and time consuming. A manually operated cowpea thresher to stimulate manual threshing has been designed, fabricated and tested. The thresher was fabricated using locally available materials at the engineering workshop of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi. Two varieties of cowpea (B301 and C70) were tested on the thresher for performance evaluation in terms of thresher efficiency and mechanical (visible) damage. The test results revealed that for optimum performance, the thresher should operate at a cylinder speed of between 60-75rpm at a feed rate of 24kg/hr.94%-97% threshing efficiency was achieved for the two varieties of cowpea. The cost of production is N15,686:00
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Fu, Jianwei, Gan Xie, Chao Ji, Weikang Wang, Yong Zhou, Guozhong Zhang, Xiantao Zha, and Mohamed Anwer Abdeen. "Study on the Distribution Pattern of Threshed Mixture by Drum-Shape Bar-Tooth Longitudinal Axial Flow Threshing and Separating Device." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080756.
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To determine the distribution pattern of the threshing and separating device, the simulation experiment on the distribution pattern of our self-designed drum-shape bar-tooth longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device was carried out with the help of the EDEM software, by which the axial and radial distribution curve of the threshed mixture along the cylinder was acquired. The three-dimensional distribution of the mass of the threshed mixture was drawn by using the Matlab software, and the bench test was carried out on the self-built small-scale longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder performance test platform, which was consistent with the simulation conditions. The results showed that the axial and radial distribution of the threshed mixture was uneven, and the axial distribution of the threshed mixture decreased gradually, which was mainly distributed in the first third section of the cylinder. The distribution of the threshed mixture along the radial area of the cylinder was gradually decreasing at first and then increasing, i.e., the total mass of the threshed mixture on the left and right sides was higher than that of the middle area, which was basically consistent with the simulation results. The research can provide reference for the optimization of structural parameters of threshing and separating device and cleaning system.
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Lukyanenko, Petro. "Change of status of stems indicators in the process of healing of stock after hemp seeds harvesting with a grain harvester for different technologies." Bast and Technical Crops, no. 7(12) (December 1, 2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48096/btc.2019.7(12).58-63.
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The aim is to study the indicators of changes in the state of stems in the process of stocks retting after hemp seeds harvesting with a combine harvester using various technologies. A brief description of the work performed. With two methods of hemp seeds harvesting by a combine harvester by cutting the seed part and combing it with subsequent threshing, it was investigated that during the preparation of the stocks, the state of all constituent stems, namely, left standing, after the harvesting process is carried out, is in the wheel area and threshed in the thresher for option with a cut. It was established that during the preparation of hemp stocks after harvesting the seeds with a combine harvester, the color of the stems changes from yellow-green (corresponds to straw) to gray with slight brown shades, which corresponds to the stock for all components. The color change of the stems during the preparation of the stock can be controlled by the indicator of the intensity of the reflected light flux from the test surface, which decreases and for straw corresponds to 46-54 lux, the beginning of the formation of the stock, when on the first stems the fiber begins to separate from the wood - 30-32 lux and matted stock - 25-28 lux. Conclusions. Indicators of changes in the state of stems in the process of maturing stocks after hemp seeds harvesting with a combine harvester using different technologies are determined.
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Bourgeois, Luc, Jack Moes, and Elmer H. Stobbe. "Impact of threshing on hard red spring wheat seed vigour." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-040.
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Improper handling of seed during harvesting may result in severe seed vigour loss. The objective of this study was to determine, under field conditions, the effect of threshing on wheat seed vigour. A conventional combine and an axial flow rotary combine were used at three cylinder speeds. The proportion of visually damaged seeds was assessed for all samples, and subsequent vigour tests were conducted using visually sound seed. Seed vigour was reduced when wheat was threshed at a high cylinder speed. Wheat kernels threshed with the rotary combine were less damaged than wheat kernels threshed with the conventional combine. Both seedling emergence and grain yield were reduced by 20 plants m−2 and by 200 kg ha−1, respectively, in plots seeded with kernels threshed at a high cylinder speed compared with kernels threshed at a low cylinder speed. Vigour of sound wheat kernels was negatively correlated with the number of broken kernels in samples. To maintain high vigour in wheat seed, it is essential to thresh at a low cylinder speed. Key words: Wheat, seed vigour, threshing damage, rotary combine, conventional combine
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Guja, Habtamu, and Kaleab Baye. "Extrinsic iron from soil contributes to Hb regeneration of anaemic rats: implications for foods contaminated with soil iron." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 8 (April 12, 2018): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000338.
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AbstractContamination of foods with extrinsic (soil) Fe is common in developing countries. However, the bioavailability of this extrinsic Fe and the extent to which it contributes to Fe nutrition remains unknown. The present study compared the bioavailability of laboratory- and field-threshed teff (Eragrostisis tef (Zucc) Trotter) to evaluate the bioavailablity of extrinsic soil Fe that resulted from the traditional threshing of the staple grain. Using sequential extraction, Fe was fractionated and its solubility was evaluated. The contribution of the additional extrinsic (soil) Fe to the Hb regeneration of Fe-depleted rats was evaluated using a rat Hb depletion–repletion assay. Weanling male Wistar rats (n24) were fed Fe-deficient diet for 21 d, and were then repleted for 14 d with diets: either laboratory-threshed teff (35 mg Fe/kg;n 8), field-threshed teff (35 mg intrinsic Fe/kg+ 120 mg soil Fe/kg;n 8), or FeSO4(control;n8). Fe content of field-threshed teff (29·4 mg/100 g) was four times greater than that of the laboratory-threshed (6·7 mg/100 g) teff (P<0·05). Soil contamination significantly increased the exchangeable, acid-soluble and reducible fractions obtained after sequential extraction. The relative biological value of the field-threshed teff (88 %) was higher than that of the laboratory-threshed (68 %) teff (P<0·05). Soil Fe can contribute to Hb regeneration in Fe-deficient rats. Considering that contamination of foods with soil is common in Ethiopia and other developing countries, it needs to be accounted for in the design and implementation of fortification programmes to prevent excessive intakes. Human studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Varghese, Sijo P., N. Unnikrishnan, Deepak K. Gulati, and A. E. Ayoob. "Size, sex and reproductive biology of seven pelagic sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000217.
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Studies on reproduction in sharks are important for their management, since the attainment of sexual maturity has a substantial impact on their distribution, behaviour and biology. However, reproductive biology of large oceanic sharks is poorly studied in the Indian seas. In this study, the size structure, sex and maturity of pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus), bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus), oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus), tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), longfin mako (I. paucus) and blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the eastern Arabian Sea are described based on 1449 specimens collected from gillnet-cum-longline landings at the Cochin fisheries harbour during 2013–2014. Sex ratios of sampled specimens were biased to males in pelagic thresher, bigeye thresher, tiger shark and blue shark, while females dominated in the specimens of oceanic whitetip shark. Females matured at greater lengths than males in all species except oceanic whitetip shark. Lengths at maturity for males were in the range of 189.05–286.56 cm, whereas those of females were in the range of 187.74–310.69 cm. Litter sizes of both the thresher shark species were always two, while in oceanic whitetip shark, litter size was 3–9 and 22–51 in tiger shark. Seasonal reproduction was noticed in oceanic whitetip shark and tiger shark. Pregnant females were not found in the blue shark, shortfin and longfin makos sampled during the study period. Reproductive aspects of pelagic thresher, bigeye thresher, oceanic whitetip shark, tiger shark, shortfin mako, longfin mako and blue sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea are generally consistent with earlier reports from other regions of the world's oceans. These preliminary findings should be useful to identify suitable management measures for the above shark species.
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Basuki, M., S. Aprilyanti, Azhari, and Madagaskar. "Design of Corn Thresher." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (April 2020): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012075.
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Alam, SMS, M. Rashedujjaman, MM Hossain, and KMD Hossain. "Comparative Harvesting and Threshing Cost of Paddy by Combine Harvester and Self-propelled Reaper and Thresher." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34706.
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Harvesting is one of the major costs for rice production. Although the use of machine for harvesting rice in Bangladesh is increasing day by day and the machines are either combine harvester or reaper and thresher. Farmers of Bangladesh don’t have specific information to the choice of these machines. So to determine the cost of use of each machine, a study was conducted in Doyalsara, Bogra and Mymensingh region. Data were collected for rice in the Aman and Boro season of 2015 to determine the cost of harvesting by combine harvester and reaping and threshing by reaper and thresher. It was found for combine harvester operational cost and for carrying rice bag and straw to the plot side was Tk.10,447/ha. On the other hand, for reaper and thresher, the reaping, binding, carrying the rice to the plot side, threshing and cleaning required Tk.6,940/ha. The percentage of cost of combine harvester in relation to reaper and thresher for the same work is higher by 50.53%. In the socio-economic condition of Bangladeshi farmers, harvesting and threshing operations done by using self-propelled reaper and close drum thresher is cost effective and reasonable.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 133-136 2017
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Asante, Eric Amoah, Yongguang Hu, Rand Amuaku, Samuel Appah, and Yongzhong Lu. "EFFECT OF OPEN AIR DRYING DURATION ON SEED MOISTURE AND THE THRESHING QUALITY OF COWPEA." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 1002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i1.5923.
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To improve on the quality of threshed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) produce by rural farmers in Ghana, variation in the duration of drying was employed. The cowpea was divided into five units and open air dried to 16.52, 14.69, 11.38, 9.69, and 8.36 % seed moisture contents (SMC) for three (3) days, five (5) days, eight (8) days, eleven (11) days and fourteen (14) days respectively after harvesting. The SMC effect on threshing and seed quality was assessed with a developed cowpea thresher using 334, 435, 533, 634 and 735 rpm rotor speeds. The results showed that the throughput and efficiency increase with the speed and decreasing SMC. The percentage seed damage increases as the speed and SMC increase. The cowpea at 16.52 % SMC after drying produced the highest average seed damage of 3.05 % while 8.36 % SMC yielded 1.39% average seed damage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed showed that there were significant differences (P ˂ 0.01) among the throughput capacities, seed damage and threshing efficiencies. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the seed loss control of 9.69% and 8.36% SMC. The minimum seed loss of 11.38%, 9.69% and 8.36% were less than the overall mean by 7.4, 20.6, and 29.4 % respectively. Therefore, the best machine–crop parameter combination for optimal grain quality is 8–10 % SMC and rotor speeds of 388–550 rpm. To achieve these SMC, the crop must be dried in the open air for a minimum of eleven (11) days at 7 hour/day.
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Estrada, James A., Aaron N. Rice, Molly E. Lutcavage, and Gregory B. Skomal. "Predicting trophic position in sharks of the north-west Atlantic Ocean using stable isotope analysis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008798.
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Trophic positions (TP) were estimated for the blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus), and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). The basking shark had the lowest TP (3·1) and δ15N value (10·4‰), whereas the thresher shark had the highest values (4·5, 15·2‰). Mako sharks showed considerable variation in TP and isotopic values, possibly due to foraging from both inshore and offshore waters. Thresher sharks were significantly more enriched in δ15N than blue sharks and mako sharks, suggesting a different prey base. The δ13C values of thresher sharks and mako sharks varied significantly, but neither was significantly different from that of blue sharks. No statistical differences were found between our TP estimations and those derived from published stomach contents analyses, indicating that stable isotope data may be used to estimate the trophic status of sharks.
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Abdeen, Mohamed Anwer, Abouelnadar Elsayed Salem, and Guozhong Zhang. "Longitudinal Axial Flow Rice Thresher Performance Optimization Using the Taguchi Technique." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020088.
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Combine harvesters are widely used worldwide in harvesting many crops, and they have many functions that cover the entire harvesting process, such as cutting, threshing, separating, and cleaning. The threshing drum is the core working device of the combine harvester and plays an influential role in rice threshing efficiency, threshing power requirement, and seed loss. In this study, two structures of rice threshers (conical-shaped and cylindrical-shaped) were tested and evaluated for performance under different thresher rotating speeds of 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm and different feeding rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s. The experiment was designed using the Taguchi method, and the obtained results were evaluated using the same technique. The thresher structure and operating parameters were assessed and optimized with reference to threshing efficiency, required power, and productivity. The obtained results revealed that increasing thresher rotating speed and the feeding rate positively related to threshing efficiency, power, and productivity. The highest efficiency of 98% and the maximum productivity of 0.64 kg/s were obtained using the conical-shaped thresher under a 1500 rpm rotating speed and a feed rate of 1.4 kg/s, whereas the minimum required power of 5.45 kW was obtained using the conical thresher under a rotating speed of 1100 rpm and a feed rate of 0.8 kg/s.
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Romansyah, Erni, Nanang Wahyuddin, and Nazaruddin Nazaruddin. "UJI PERFORMANSI MESIN PEMANEN DAN PERONTOK TYPE MOBIL COMBINE HARVESTER TERHADAP KEHILANGAN HASIL PADI." Jurnal Agrotek UMMat 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/agrotek.v5i1.246.
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Kehilangan hasil selama panen dan perontokan merupakan beberapa masalah yang biasa dialami oleh para petani. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena kurangnya penerapan teknologi terhadap proses pemanenan dan perontokan Penelitian berjudul Uji Performansi Mesin Pemanen dan Perontok Type Mobil Combine Harvester Terhadap Kehilangan Hasil Padi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh cara pemanen dan perontok menggunakan alat Type Mobil Combine harvester terhadap kehilangan hasil padi dan mutu gabah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan pecobaan di Lapangan. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan yaitu P1 = Alat “Gebot”, P2 = Alat perontok Pedal Thresher, dan P3 = Alat perontok Combine Harvester. Parameter yang akan diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah meliputi susut perontokan (Spr), benda asing dan uji keratakan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis keragaman(Analysis of variance) pada taraf nyata 5 %. Bila ada perlakuan yang berpengaruh secara nyata maka diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf nyata yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mesin perontok padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter susut perontok, %, benda asing, dan % uji keretakan. Mesin combine harvester memiliki nilai susut bobot, %,benda asing, dan % uji keretakan yang terendah dibandingkan dengan alat “gebot” dan pedal thresher.Loss of yield during harvest and threshing are some of the common problems experienced by farmers. This may occur due to the lack of application of technology to the harvesting and threshing process. Research titled is Performance Test of Harvesters and Thresher of Mobile Combine Harvester on Loss of Rice Yield. The purpose of research is to know the effect of harvesters and thresher using the Mobile Combine Harvester to the rice yield loss and grain quality. The research used experimental method, which designed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consist of 3 treatments: P1 = "Gebot" Tool, P2 = Pedal Thresher, and P3 = Mobile Combine Harvester. Parameters to be observed in this research are covering thresher (SPr), dirt and crack test. The observed data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of variance) at 5% level. If there is any treatment that has significant effect then tested continued using the test of (BNJ) on the same level. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the use of rice thresher machine has significant effect on all shrinkage thresher, %, dirt parameter and crack test%. The harvester combine machine has a weight shrinkage value,%, dirt, and % crack test as compared with the "gebot" tool and the pedal thresher.
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Yu, Ya Jun, Ji Yang Yu, Qing Long Li, Jian Qun Yu, and Hong Fu. "Analysis on the Contact Interaction between Thresher and Corn Ears Based on the DEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.71.
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The corn threshing process is a complex process of contact interaction between thresher mechanical parts and corn ears. The paper analyzed this process with the discrete element method (DEM). A method was set up to calculate the contact forces between thresher mechanical parts (boundary) and corn ears. The conditions for corn kernels threshing were established as well. On this basis, we developed the corn threshing simulation software, and simulated the corn threshing process using the software. The simulation results are close to the actual situation, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method. Thus we have laid the foundation for using the DEM to analyze the corn threshing process and putting forward a novel method for the optimal design of the corn thresher.
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Iqbal, Iqbal, Suhardi Suhardi, and Sri Ayu Nirisnawati. "UJI UNJUK KERJA ALAT DAN MESIN PERONTOK MULTIGUNA (Multipurpose Power Thresher Performance Test)." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 6, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v6i1.73.
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Loss of agricultural products occurs in post-harvest handling process. The threshing process is part of the rice post-harvest that can be done with various techniques and various types of rice thresher machine. Multipurpose thresher is one type of thresher that can thresh the grains such as rice and soybeans. The aim of Performance efficiency test is to determine the performance efficiency of the thresher. The parameters measured were threshing capacity, threshing efficiency, and thresher quality. Testing is done by using the engine speed of 2500 rpm and 3000 rpm, with the tested varieties of rice varieties Ciherang and Bestari. Test results show that the efficiency of Ciherang varieties cutting is better if using the speed of rotation 2500 rpm engine. If using a speed of 3000 rpm occurs losses results. As for Bestari varieties more efficient if using a speed of 3000 rpm. The higher the speed of rotation of the machine then the level of grain damage will also increase
Keywords: rice, threshing, varieties, multipurpose thresher
ABSTRAK
Kehilangan hasil pertanian banyak terjadi pada proses penanganan pascapanen. Proses perontokan merupakan bagian dari pascapanen padi yang dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai teknik dan berbagai jenis mesin perontok padi. Alat perontok multiguna termasuk salah satu jenis perontok yang dapat merontokkan biji-bijian seperti padi dan kedelai. Pengujian efisiensi kinerja alat perontok multiguna bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi kinerja alat perontok. Parameter yang diukur adalah kapasitas perontokan, efisiensi perontokan, dan kualitas perontokan. Pengujian tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan kecepatan putaran mesin 2500 rpm dan 3000 rpm, dengan varietas padi yang diuji yaitu varietas Ciherang dan Bestari. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi perontokan varietas Ciherang lebih baik jika menggunakan kecepatan putaran mesin 2500 rpm. Jika menggunakan kecepatan putaran mesin 3000 rpm terjadi susut hasil. Sedangkan untuk varietas Bestari lebih efisien jika menggunakan kecepatan putaran mesin 3000 rpm. Semakin tinggi kecepatan putaran mesin maka tingkat kerusakan gabah juga akan semakin meningkat.
Kata kunci : padi, perontokan, varietas, rpm, perontok multiguna
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Kim, T. H., and H. K. Lim. "Development of Vegetable Soybean Thresher." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2005.30.3.141.
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D. M. Bilsland and A. G. Berlage. "A Filament Thresher for Seed." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 3, no. 1 (1987): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26640.
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Špokas, Liudvikas, Dainius Steponavičius, Gediminas Žebrauskas, Aušra Čiplienė, and Laimis Bauša. "REDUCTION IN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION OF COMBINE HARVESTERS DURING THE HARVESTING OF WINTER OILSEED RAPE." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 27, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.9797.
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When harvesting winter oilseed rape (WOSR), leaving higher (~0.3–0.4 m) crop stubble is an effective method of reducing fuel consumption and contaminant emissions of a combine harvester equipped with the tangential threshing apparatus and straw walkers. At a speed of 4 km h−1, when the stubble height of WOSR was increased from 0.2 to 0.4 m, the mass of material other than grain (MOG) fed to the harvester was reduced by 7 t h−1, resulting in a reduction of 6.2 l h−1 in fuel consumption, 5.7 kg h−1 in carbon equivalent (CE), and 16.3 kg h−1 in CO2 emissions. A more accurate estimate of harvester performance is the fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds. On increasing the MOG mass feed rate to 15.6 t h−1, the fuel consumption per ton of threshed rapeseeds decreased to 3.33 l t−1, CE reached 40.2 kg h−1 or 3.0 kg t−1, and CO2 emissions reached 121.3 kg h−1 or 9.2 kg t−1 of threshed rapeseed. When optimizing the automatic speed control system of the combine harvester, the MOG mass feed rate, the permissible limit of seed losses, and fuel consumption per ton of threshed seeds must be considered.
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Muratova, Evgenia, Denis Muratov, Elena Makarenko, Sergey Shepelev, Olga Korobeynikova, Valeriia Chegge, and Yana Kabanova. "Methodology of grain heap quantity and structure determination and economic evaluation of harvester-thresher cleaning enhancement." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017501009.
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Analytical studies concerning the issues of heap supply for harvester-thresher cleaning, composition of tailings and the amount of grain are presented in the paper. The urgent problem of increasing the separation of air-sieve cleaning of modern combines is outlined. The schematic structure of the combine thresher is presented. The calculation of the grain mass quantity which is received for cleaning from the threshing group, the straw rack and finish threshing device is conducted. The visual image of cleaning load depending on supply is shown. According to the calculations it is possible to predict the loading of cleaning with small grain heaps depending on the total supply of grain mass to the thresher for combines of various classes. The technical solution to improve the cleaning system of a combine harvester is suggested and economically evaluated in the paper.
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Stepanov, Valentin, Sergey Kireev, and Marina Korchagina. "Acoustic pressure contributions of a combine harvester’s thresher drum to the overall workplace noise situation." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406007.
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This paper analyzes the magnitude of the acoustic pressure contribution of a combine harvester’s thresher drum to the overall noise situation with the goal of providing the regulatory parameters for the workplace conditions. In the course of the current research the velocity and pressure graphics for the airflow on the parts of a rotating thresher drum as well as the sound intensity parameters by frequency spectra and sound pressure magnitudes were calculated.
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Entz, Martin H., Jack Moes, and Elmer H. Stobbe. "Seed vigor of Katepwa Wheat: Interaction of kernel water content and threshing cylinder speed." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-093.
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An important goal in seed production is the maintenance of seed vigor. Breakage of wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) during threshing can be reduced by threshing at relatively high kernel water content (KWC) and low cylinder speed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interacting effects of KWC and threshing cylinder speed on seed vigor and field emergence of Katepwa wheat. Wheat plants were harvested at approximately 250 g kg−1 (dry basis) KWC and allowed to dry for varying lengths of time, then were threshed at cylinder speeds of 450, 850, and 1250 rpm using a Vogel thresher. At threshing, KWC averaged 89, 121, 156 and 231 g kg−1. Significant KWC × cylinder speed interactions occurred for seed yield per plot and various seed vigor indicators. Threshing at 850 rpm gave the highest yield of uncracked seeds regardless of KWC. Threshing at 450 rpm was incomplete, especially at high KWC, while threshing at 1250 rpm caused high levels of external seed damage, especially at low KWC. Vigor of uncracked seed was measured by cold germination tests. Increasing cylinder speed reduced cold germination, especially at high KWC. The incidence of abnormal seedlings and leachate conductivity increased with cylinder speed but increased only slightly as KWC decreased. Field emergence decreased with increasing cylinder speed, but was not affected by KWC at threshing. The number of abnormal seedlings in cold germination tests and leachate conductivity were the best indicators of field emergence. Threshing cylinder speed had a greater influence than KWC on seed damage, vigor, and field emergence. The results of this study are of greatest direct interest to plant breeders who use Vogel threshers regularly. Key words: Seed quality, seed vigor, seed damage, threshing, wheat, plant breeding, Triticum aestivum L.
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Tay, David. "(428) Seed Threshing and Cleaningin Flowers." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1023C—1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1023c.
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Flower seed threshing and cleaning are challenging because many flowers have tiny seed, e.g., the 1000-seed weight of Begonia is 0.01 g, and others have odd-shaped seed, e.g., Tagetes has pappus-bearing seed and Fibigia has winged seed. There is a lack of information on the threshing and cleaning of flower seeds. At the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center, a small-plot grain belt thresher was modified by disengaging its winnower and a special chute installed to collect the threshed seed and chaff together for cleaning. A custom-made threshing board is used for small samples. The seed with chaff is passed through screen with mesh size that allows all the seed to pass through so that the big pieces of chaff are retained and separated, i.e., scalping. Accurate selection of the next scalping screen (SS) is critical so that the mesh size is just right for at least 95% of the seed to pass through to remove all the chaff larger than the seed. The seed is then sieved on a grading screen (GS) of mesh size that retains at least 95% of the seed to remove all the chaff smaller than the seed. A seed blower is used to further separate the remaining chaff and empty seed based on weight and surface area by adjusting the blowing velocity (BV). A vibratory separator (VS) is used for species with round seed, e.g., Antirrhinum. An X-ray machine is used to monitor the cleaning process. The SC, GS, BV, and VT are given for Agastache, Anisodontea, Antirrhinum, Aquilegia, Aster, Astilboides, Begonia, Belamcanda, Bergenia, Cleome, Coreopsis, Dianthus, Eupatorium, Gaillardia, Geranium, Gypsophila, Iris, Lilium, Lysimachia, Myosotis, Nothoscordom, Oenothera, Passiflora, Penstemon, Petunia, Platycodon, Ranunculus, Rudbeckia, Silene, Stokesia, Synnotia, Tagetes, Talinum, Thalictrum, Verbena, Veronica, and Zinnia.
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Singh, R., AK Sharma, S. Jain, SC Sharma, and NK Magu. "Wheat Thresher Agricultural Injuries: A By-Product of Mechanised Farming." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950501700109.
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Farm mechanization has resulted in extensive use of wheat threshers on Indian farms. It has also increased agricultural injuries. A prospective study was undertaken for analysis of wheat thresher agricultural injuries and their remedial measures. Fifty two patients presenting with thresher injuries during the wheat harvesting season of March to June, 2003 were studied. A study-specific 14-point proforma was prepared to gather all possible information from site of injury to hospital records. Injuries were mostly of the upper limb and amputations accounted for most of these. Poor light arrangements, unskilled workers, drug / alcohol abuse, fatigue, poor designing and lack of orientation to work on these machines were the contributory factors to such injuries. The analysis emphasizes that the need of the hour is to decrease wheat thresher injuries through specific preventive approaches like improved designing, education, legislation, compensation and surveillance programmes. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 36-39.
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Xia, Xianfei, Qiaomin Chen, Hongru Xiao, and Guang Yang. "Design and trial-produce of a special nail-tooth thresher for pulses crops." MATEC Web of Conferences 242 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824201019.
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Pulses crops are widely distributed in China, but mechanization production-level of this crops is relatively low at present. So, a special nail-tooth thresher for pulses crops was carried out in this project to solve the problem of mechanical threshing. The roller diameter, speed, length, and nail-tooth structure, stripper concave screen, power device and cleaning system are determined by detailed theoretical calculation. Testing result of the trial-production prototype showed that the threshing roller with large diameter and low rotating speed, the nail-tooth threshing mechanism and the concave plate screen with large spacing are suitable for the broad bean thresher. The optimal combination is roller speed 400 /min, feed quantity 1.2 kg/s and concave tolerance 54 mm. Testing results showed that impurity content and breaking rate of the developed nail-tooth type broad bean thresher were respectively 1.09 %and 3.45%, It could improve the efficiency of the pulses crops threshing process significantly.
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HIDAYAT, TATANG, RISFAHERI RISFAHERI, and NANAN NURDJANNAH. "RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERONTOK LADA MODEL AKSIAL." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v7n2.2001.54-59.
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<p><strong>Design of axialflow thresherfor pepper</strong></p><p><strong></strong>The pepper threshing practice has been carried out using traditional method in which the pepper berries are usually trampled. This method is neither efficient nor higienic, and it also causes high losses of the berries. To overcome those problems, an experiment was carried out to make an axial flow thresher. The experiment was conducted at Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from April to December 1999. The experiment consisted of three steps, namely designing, constructing and testing. The objective of testing was to determine the optimum operation condition of the thresher. The testing was designed as a completely randomized complete design with three replications. The raw material for testing was pepper berries (Lampung Daun Lebar variety) of 8 - 9 month old. The result showed that the optimum condition for threshing process was 300 rpm cylinder rotation, with the spike separation process using 7.5° sieve angle. The performance of pepper thresher on that condition was : threshing eficiency 98.55%, spikes separation eficiency 89.22%, berries on spikes outlet 5.20% and berries damage 6.30%. The capacity of thresher was 260.56 kg raw material/hour. The operational cost was Rp 27.28/kg raw material, lower than that of the traditional threshing method (Rp 50/kg raw material).</p>
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Liu, Yao Guo. "The Design of Small Agricultural Corn Thresher." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.484.
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This design is based on the structure of various thresher, the main research of the corn thresher drive system structure, working principle, and on this basis, based on the design of the finished parts, on corn dish itself characteristic to carry on the design, when threshing grain rod roller high-speed rotation, the corn by continual lines between grid type and gravure roller rod, and the action between the corn cob constantly collide with each other, to achieve the seed plate separation, then the net grains, complete threshing.
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BURKOV, ALEKSANDR I. "DETERMINATION OF THE BASIC DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PNEUMATIC SEPARATING DEVICE OF A CLOVER THRESHER AND SCARIFIER." Agricultural engineering, no. 4 (2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-4-9-13.
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The most labor-intensive stages of the post-harvest processing of grass seeds are their extracting and cleaning from impurities. For extracting seeds from the hull of clover and other leguminous and cereal grasses, as well as scarifi cation of solid seeds of leguminous grasses, the clover thresher and scarifi er KS-0.2 has been developed. It lacks a device for cleaning the extracted seeds from impurities, which makes it diffi cult to further clean them at subsequent stages of the processing line. To eliminate this disadvantage, a pneumatic separating device was fi tted for cleaning seeds from light impurities. The research aimed at experimental substantiation of the basic constructive and technological parameters of the pneumatic separating device of the clover thresher and scarifi er, ensuring cleaning from light impurities of more than 60%. The study was carried out according to conventional techniques using methods of planning a multi-factor experiment on a laboratory installation of a clover thresher when cleaning red clover seeds from light impurities. The study results have shown that the maximum eff ect of cleaning from light impurities reaches 96.7% with a minimum feed of source material of 200 kg/h, the angle of the grain board inclination of 42.85° and a maximum depth of the aspirating channel of 0.11 m. Based on design considerations and the maximum throughput of the clover thresher and scarifi er, the following combination of factors was chosen as the optimal one: a feed of the source material of 300 kg/h, an inclination angle of the grain board of 45° and a depth of the aspirating channel of 0.09 m. With this combination of factors, the eff ect of cleaning from light impurities meets the technical requirements and equals 75.2%. Thus, the study has determined the basic design and technological parameters of the pneumatic separating device of the clover thresher and scarifier.
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Peterson, C. J., C. L. Peterson, and D. F. Moser. "A Single Cereal Spike, Thresher-Planter." Journal of Production Agriculture 1, no. 3 (July 1988): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1988.0247.
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A. G. Berlage, D. M. Bilsland, and P. M. Holman. "Belt Thresher with Adjustable Threshing Action." Transactions of the ASAE 29, no. 2 (1986): 0413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30164.
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van Bergen, Y. "NOT ALL THRESHER SHARKS KEEP WARM." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 22 (November 15, 2005): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01937.
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Kabasakal, Hakan. "A Note on the Occurrence of the Thresher Shark, Alopias Vulpinus from South-Western Black Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540004176x.
Full textAbstract:
On 8 November 1996, a female thresher shark (Figure 1) was caught in a purse seine full of bluefish (Pomatomus saltator), off Şile (41°15′24″N 29°35′30″E). The shark was photographed and tooth samples from lower and upper jaws were removed, and placed in the personal collection of the author. The total length of the shark was 453 cm.Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) is one of the three species of the family Alopiidae (Compagno, 1984). The thresher shark occurs worldwide, usually far offshore in temperate to tropical oceans, but where there are schools of bluefish, mackerel and squid, it may come close to the shore in pursuit. It is one of the most common shark species in the Mediterranean Sea (Quero, 1984). According to Devedjian (1926), Rhasis Erazi (1942) and Slastenenko (1955–1956) thresher sharks occur in the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Black Sea, however, over the last 40 years there have been no reports of this species in these areas (Ak§iray, 1987).
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Muratov, Denis, Еvgenia Muratova, Elena Kravchenko, Anna Sukhoveeva, and Olga Andreeva. "Innovative study on pneumatic separation of grain heap and economic feasibility of design versions." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021005010.
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The paper is dedicated to the innovative analytical research in the field of pneumatic separation concerning the issues of grain heap feed for harvester-thresher cleaning, composition of tailings and the amount of grain. The problem of improving the separation of air-sieve cleaning of modern combines is of great current interest. The cleaning design with the use of pneumatic and inertia separator of small grain heaps for high-producing harvester-thresher is developed. The engineering study is conducted for the installation of the 8-bladed rotor above the chaffer sieve for experimental cleaning taking into account dimensional limitations and minimal alteration of the current air-sieve cleaning. The results of the study show the opportunity of better operation of the design of small grain heap cleaning with the application of pneumatic and inertia separator. The developed solutions make it possible to reduce grain losses and increase the harvester-thresher productivity level, as a result of which it is expected to achieve the economic effect assessed in the study.
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Tsai, Wen-Pei, Kwang-Ming Liu, and Yi-Jay Chang. "Evaluation of Biological Reference Points for Conservation and Management of the Bigeye Thresher Shark, Alopias superciliosus, in the Northwest Pacific." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208646.
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Full stock assessment of sharks is usually hindered by a lack of long time-series catch and effort data. In these circumstances, demographic and per-recruit analyses may provide alternate approaches to describe population status because these methods can be applied to estimate biological reference points (BRPs) for shark stocks. However, the appropriate level of BRPs for sharks is difficult to determine, given the expected low reproductive rates. To determine which BRPs are most appropriate for the CITES-listed species—bigeye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus, a stochastic demographic model with Monte Carlo simulations and per-recruit models were used to estimate BRPs in this study. The results indicated that conventional fishing mortality-based BRPs (FBRPs) derived from per-recruit models may result in a clear population decline. Our analyses also demonstrated that the bigeye thresher population in the Northwest Pacific will stabilize only if demographic-based FBRP is implemented. The FBRP estimated based on the stochastic demographic model was 0.079–0.139 y−1, which was equivalent to SPR = 50–70%. The findings strongly suggested that more conservative threshold FBRPs should be implemented to ensure sustainable utilization of the bigeye thresher stock. The present study provides new and strategically important information on the population dynamics of the bigeye thresher in the Northwest Pacific, which can be used to help fishery managers to adopt more efficient management measures for this stock. It is also suggested that this approach can be applied to other shark species with limited catch and effort data.