Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thrombopénie'
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Lhermitte, Max. "Héparine et thrombopénie." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT453P.
Full textBarea, Didier. "Thrombopénie, thrombose et héparines." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M131.
Full textAudia, Sylvain. "Etude physiopathologique de la réponse immunitaire au cours de la thrombopénie immunologique (purpura thrombopénique immunologique)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687984.
Full textRispal, Patrick. "Thrombopénie liée au virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23054.
Full textSchnoering, Marie-Laure. "Les thrombopénies induites par l'héparine." Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10522.
Full textKrassoulia, Alexandre Michel. "Thrombopénie au cours d'un traitement par Nadroparine et Furosémide." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M035.
Full textDonada, Alessandro. "Physiopathological mechanisms of two congenical platelet disorders : filaminopathy-A and ANKRD26-related - Thrombocytopenia 5THC2." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/DONADA_Alessandro_2_complete_2018.zip.
Full textInherited thrombocytopenias are a class of congenital haematological disorders affecting primarily the megakaryocytic lineage and accomunated by a decrease in platelet numbers. Almost 50 different genes have been associated to inherited platelet disorders, and huge differences exist between each disorder, in regard to clinical manifestation and pathobiology. My research interest have been focused on two different congenital thrombocytopenias: Filaminopathy A and Thrombocytopenia 2. The first disease is a X-linked syndrome associated to mutations in the gene FLNA (Filamin A), and patients display a mild to severe macrothrombocytopenia, associated with a lifelong bleeding tendency. The second disorder is an automal dominant condition caused by mutations in the 5’ UTR of the ANKRD26 gene. It is associated with dysmegakaryopoiesis, mild to severe thrombocytopenia and an increased risk to develop myeloid malignancies. To study the physiopathology of those two rare diseases, we have exploited the induced pluripotent stem cell technology to develop several patient specific cell lines. Those experimental tools revealed invaluable for the understanding of the disease physiopathology, and allowed us to describe in great details the molecular mechanisms underlying the reduction in proplatelet formation for Filaminopathy A and the predisposition to leukemia for Thrombocytopenia 2. To perform such studies, we devised a robust differentiation protocol, recapitulating efficiently the haematopoietic differentiation and easily adapted to the in vitro differentiation of multiple cell lineages. Furthermore, we exploited a genome editing technique to introduce efficiently different protein mutants, in order to dissect the molecular role of Filamin A in megakaryopoiesis. In regard of Filaminopathy A, we have been able to describe an original and novel relationship between a membrane integrin (IIb3), Filamin A and a crucial signalling pathway (RhoA) for megakaryopoiesis. Our data support a model where the absence of FLNa induces an abnormal activity of the RhoA pathway, in response to the integrin IIb3 binding to fibrinogen. Concerning the thrombocytopenia 2, we described a novel mechanism that associated the increased expression of ANKRD26 to a deregulated activity of the G-CSF-dependent signalling pathway. This anomaly impacts the normal granulopoiesis and lead to an abnormal amplification of this cell lineage, possibly increasing the risk of acquiring other mutational hits and progress towards a myeloid malignancy.In conclusion, with this work we offer a proof of concept of the potentiality of disease modeling via induced pluripotent stem cells. Our results pave the way for further studies that could advance our understanding of the physiopathology of inherited platelet disorders
Chaillou-Péroua, Véronique. "Association maladie de Basedow purpura thrombopénie idiopathique : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25049.
Full textKhairy, Mahnouch. "Association des plaquettes aux leucocytes dans la thrombopénie induite par l'héparine." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P624.
Full textHeparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), a severe complication of heparin therapy, results of platelet activation, via the receptor for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (FcgRIIa), by heparin-dependent-antibodies, commonly directed against the heparin-platelet factor 4 (H-PF4) antigenic complex. Using whole blood from healthy donors, we showed that HIT plasma induced the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in a heparin-dependent manner. The formation of these aggregates was mediated by P-selectin present on the activated platelet surface, and correlated with the level of anti-H-PF4 immunoglobulin G contained in the HIT plasma. Leukocyte activation was induced by HIT plasma in a heparin-dependent manner. In whole blood, platelet association with monocytes and PMN, and the activation of these leukocytes by HIT plasma were interrelated. HIT plasma contained higher myeloperoxidase concentrations than control plasma, suggesting leukocyte degranulation during HIT
Tardy-Poncet, Brigitte. "Diagnostic biologique et traitement des thrombopénies induites par l'héparine." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6413.
Full textBrochier, Caroline. "Thrombopénies aux héparines : à propos de 21 cas recueillis au centre de pharmacovigilance de Saint-Etienne." Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET6234.
Full textSaultier, Paul. "Pathologies plaquettaires constitutionnelles associées aux défauts des facteurs de transcription FLI1, ETV6 et GATA1." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0262.
Full textConstitutional thrombocytopenia (CT) is a group of diseases incompletely characterized. This thesis focused on CTs due to 10 variants in genes encoding the transcription factors FLI1, ETV6 and GATA1, of which 9 had never been described. These diseases were studied in French and European patients recruited using national (French national reference center for inherited platelet disorders CRPP) and international (BRIDGE consortium) networks.We showed that the platelets of patients carrying FLI1 variants harbored a severe dense granule defect probably due a biogenesis defect. Our work, associated with data published by other groups, has defined ETV6-related CT as a new hematological malignancy predisposition syndrome. FLI1 variants are associated with a decreased transcriptional activity, a decreased nuclear accumulation of the protein and abnormal megakaryocyte differentiation. ETV6 variants led to a decreased repressive activity and the megakaryocytes derived from patients showed increased proliferation and a marked defect in proplatelet formation. The platelets of GATA1 variant carriers showed aberrant expression of MYH10 protein suggesting a defective silencing of MYH10 gene during megakaryopoiesis. Consistently, in silico analysis of ChIP-seq data showed that GATA1 binds the promoter and an intronic region of the MYH10 in megakaryocytes.This project has provided insights into genetic causes, phenotype, diagnosis, prognosis and pathophysiological mechanisms of CTs
Williamson, David. "Thrombopénie aux soins intensifs : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque et rôle des médicaments." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5872.
Full textHilpert, Morgane. "Thrombopénies familiales : rôle de PRKACG et p19ink4d." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077061.
Full text. The first part of my thesis focuses on the identification of genetic event causing a new macrothrombopénie recessive autosomal associated with a bleeding tendency, defective cytoskeletal reorganization. And a defect in proplatelets formation and platelet functions. After exome sequencing, a homozygous mutation in PRKACG gene was identified. It leads to a defect of PKA without causing its degradation. An almost complete absence of the filamin A, one of the PKA substrates, was observed in patient megakaryocytes (MKs). Overexpression in patient progenitors of WT PRKACG allows the restoration of proplatelet formation confirming its involvement in the disease. Ii. The second part fats within a functional study of RUNX1 target gens deregulated in FPD/AML thrombocytopenia and in this context, the role of pl 9liik44 in hematopoiesis. We observed that alter stress induction, the exit of quiescent state of HSC, the ROS level and DNA double strand breaks are increased in a KO background. This phenomenon leading to cell death by apoptosis is linked to an intrinsic role of p19. Extrinsic role of p19 through regulation of the microenvironment has also been shown. In addition to its role in the arrest of MK endomitoses, p19 negatively controls the proliferation of MK progenitors. In the absence of p19, the MK amplification increases with age and leads to splenomegaly and development of fibrosis following the increase of TGFI31. This last one could explain a decrease in HSC pool in the absence of p19 at basal state and during aging
Lucas-Samuel, Sophie. "Etude des anticorps anti-glycoprotéines plaquettaires développés chez les patients atteints de thrombopénie d'origine autoimmune." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P079.
Full textManchev, Vladimir. "Pathogenesis in two inherited thrombocytopenias : PRKACG-related disease and FPD/AML." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC201.
Full textIn this work we study the pathogenesis in two distinct inherited thrombocytopenias (IT). We started by the identification of the genetic abnormality causing a new IT. This IT is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with severe bleeding phenotype, a defect in the cytoskeleton reorganization, decreased proplatelet formation, and deficiency in platelet activation. Using exome sequencing, we identified a new homozygous mutation in the PRKACG gene. This gene encodes a γ-catalytic sub-unit of the PKA, and the mutation leads to loss of function. We show that the PRKACG mutation is associated with a marked defect in proplatelet formation and a low level in filamin A in megakaryocytes. We confirm that the thrombocytopenia is due to mutation in the PRKACG gene since the overexpression of WT PRKACG reverses the phenotype observed in patients in vitro. We also studied FPD/AML — IT caused by RUNX1 mutations. Some mutations also predispose to leukemia, and to understand how, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 2 pedigrees with germline mutations. One carries a R1 74Q mutation, which acts as a dominant-negative (DN) and is associated with thrombocytopenia and leukemia; the second carries a monoallelic gene deletion inducing a haploinsufficiency, which causes only thrombocytopenia. The study of hematopoiesis from these iPSC clones demonstrated profound defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis and deregulated expression of RUNX1 targets. Only progenitors from DN iPSC clones showed an increased amount of granulo/mono-cytes, a phenotype reproduced by an 80% RUNX1 knockdown in the H9 human embryonic stem cell line, and a genomic instability
Pouplard, Claire. "Spécificité et pathogénicité des anticorps anti-facteur 4 plaquettaire héparine-dépendants." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3309.
Full textCoulais, Catherine. "Trois modes de révélation atypiques de la maladie de Biermer : l'hémolyse, la thrombopénie, la polyglobulie primitive." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M043.
Full textRoussillon, Emmanuel. "Importance de la thrombopénie dans la prise en charge du Hellp syndrome : à propos de 62 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23104.
Full textFavier, Marie. "Les thrombopénies héréditaires rares : implications des gènes ETV6, ITGA2B, ITGB3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0559.
Full textThe identification of the genes involved in thrombocytopenia provides important elements for understanding the pathways of regulation of the production and functions of platelets or even hematopoiesis. Our laboratory has developed a strategy for identifying genes causing thrombocytopenia without a priori hypothesis by sequencing exomes. This strategy has been applied to families with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia and has demonstrated mutations in the genes etv6, itga2b and itgb3. Normal platelet thrombocytopenia are particularly important to detect because of the risk of developing onco-hematological pathology. The genetic origin of this category of thrombocytopenia has long been limited to mutations in the runx1 gene. More recently, mutations on the ankrd26 promoter have been reported. The work I did during my thesis helped to involve the etv6 gene in this group of thrombocytopenia. Concerning this gene six families have pathogenic mutations. All these mutations are the cause of a loss of the repressive activity of the gene and a high number of CD34+ cells circulating in the blood revealing the role of ETV6 in the onco-hematological predisposition. In addition, megakaryopoiesis has two main anomalies. They associate an increase in the number of megakaryocytic progenitor colonies with the formation of reduced proplatelets.Concerning the itga2b and itgb3 genes, 3 families were studied. These genes encode the αIIbβ3 integrin. Integrin αIIbβ3 is a platelet receptor for fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor, and plays a crucial role in thrombosis and hemostasis
Chavarin, Notin Patricia. "A propos d'un cas d'allo-immunisation foeto-maternelle plaquettaire." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6201.
Full textAli, Ashfaq. "The mechanism of thrombocytopenia induced by a pan histone deacetylase inhibitor." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077069.
Full textThe histone-deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the regulation of acetylation of histones and other proteins. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are the new emerging class of the anticancer drug. Abexinostat which targets all the HDACs (like pan-HDACi) results in many side effects, particularly a thrombocytopenia is constantly observed side effect, and is a limiting factor when used alone or even in combination therapies. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism by which HDACi induces thrombocytopenia. In this study to understand in vitro effects of abexinostat, a pan HDACi, which is currently in phase I / II clinical trials, is used on the megakaryocyte progenitor (CFU-MK), MK proliferation and proplatelet formation (PPF). Our results have shown that abexinostat induces a decrease in i) CFU-MK growth; ii) a MK proliferation, iii) proplatelet formation (PPF) and iv) MK ploidy. The decrease in the MK proliferation is mostly related to increase apoptosis. This increase in apoptosis is not related to a deregulation of the TPO/MPL/JAK2 signaling pathway, but to an increase in DNA damage attested by yH2AX foci formation and a decreased expression of RAD51, a key mediator of homologous recombination. This induced ATM phosphorylation leading to p53 stabilization and expression of target genes such as p21 and BAX. The use of p53 shRNA rescued apoptosis, but partially rescued the defect in proplatelet formation. Altogether, these results show that abexinostat inhibits megakaryopoiesis by two mechanisms: - One, dependent of p53 activation by double strand breaks. This mechanism is close to what has been described in models of hdac 1 and hdac 2 conditional knockout mice, the double knockout inducing MK apoptosis and thrombocytopenia. - Another independent of p53. It mainly affects the formation of proplatelets and may be related to disruption of the cytoskeleton. It remains to determine which HDACs are involved in these two different processes to develop HDACi, which may have low toxic effects on the platelet count while conserving their effects on cancer cells
Chalret, du Rieu Quentin. "Apport de la modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique (PK-PD) dans l'analyse des effets thrombopéniants des médicaments anticancéreux." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2486/.
Full textA slight decrease in the number of marketing authorizations has been observed in the last few years. This tendency is particularly noticeable in oncology, where a high attrition rate in late clinical development phases is observed. Consequently, early clinical trials do not appear predictive of success rate in later stages. Health authorities support the use of new methodologies, such as population pharmacokinetic modeling, in order to improve the quality and quantity of collected information both in early clinical trials (to help clinical development) and clinical routine (to improve care). Pharmacokinetic (PK) and Pharmacodynamic (PD) data from a new anticancer drug (abexinostat) currently under clinical development were analysed. A PKPD model was conducted linking its plasmatic concentrations to thrombocytopenia in patients with solid tumors and lymphoma. Using simulations, an optimal administration schedule and a recommended dose were suggested for both populations of patients. Oxaliplatin PK data from patients who underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery were also analysed. The simultaneous description of the peritoneal, plasmatic ultra-filtrated and platinum protein-bound concentrations was made possible through the use of constructed PK model. Exposures of oxaliplatin were confronted with observed toxicities (neuropathy, haemoperitoneum, sepsis, ascites and thrombocytopenia) in treated patients. A PK contribution to the severity of the thrombocytopenia was shown
Antony-Debré, Iléana. "Fpd/aml : diagnostic et modélisation d'anomalies de Runx 1." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077049.
Full textFPD/AML (familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia) results from constitutive alterations of RUNX1, a hematopoietic transcription factor essential to definitive hematopoiesis. In the first part of our work, we proposed a new diagnostic test to detect RUNX1 alterations. We showed that MYH10, which is regulated negatively by RUNX1 during megakaryopoiesis, persisted in platelets from FPD/AML patients. MYHIO persistence was not detected in platelets from patients with other constitutional thrombocytopenia, except from patients with Paris-Trousseau syndrome. This new test could be used also to detect RUNX1 alterations in acquired haematological disorders like chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In a second work, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from fibroblasts of FPD/AML patients with different RUNX1 alterations, in order to model the pathology. We reproduced the phenotype already described in patients with defect in megakaryocytic lineage whatever RUNX1 alterations and increase in granulo-monocytic compartment only with the mutation which predisposes to leukemia. We highlighted for the first time that RUNX1 is necessary also for erythroid lineage. We confirmed these results after RUNX1 knock down in an embryonic stem cell line. In conclusion we validated our model and now we can use it to study the mechanisms leading to dysmegakaryopoiesis and predisposition to leukemia in FPD/AML patients
Aissa, Jamal. "Pathophysiologie et pharmacologie cardio-pulmonaire et inflammatoire du PAF-ACETHER." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD07.
Full textRupin, Alain. "Anticorps anti-cardiolipine : mise au point d'une technique de dosage immuno-enzymatique et application à l'étude du lupus érythémateux disséminé avec thrombopénie et thrombose." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD333.
Full textLhermusier, Thibault. "Régulation plaquettaire : ciblage de la protéine kinase Syk dans les HIT et rôle du transporteur lipidique ABCA1 dans les fonctions plaquettaires." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1698/.
Full textPlatelet activation at sites of vascular injury is essential for haemostasis. Next to this critical role in bleeding arrest, platelets are involved in thrombotic diseases such atherothrombosis or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Therefore, they are targets of antithrombotic therapies. We have studied the mechanisms of platelet activation in two pathological situations; HIT with the tyrosine kinase Syk as a key player and Tangier disease resulting of a loss of function of the ABCA1 lipid transporter. HIT is a prothrombotic and potentially devastating complication of heparin therapy due to formation of platelet-activating antibodies directed against complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. These antibodies contribute to clear platelet from the circulation and activate, by their Fc fragment, Fc?RIIA receptors on platelet surface or FcgRI and FcgRII receptors on monocyte, leading to platelet aggregation and tissue factor expression by monocytes. We have shown that Syk activation is crucial for platelet activation (signalization, secretion, aggregation, microparticle generation) initiated by anti-PF4/heparin antibodies from sera of patients suffering from HIT. Interestingly, Syk inhibition also prevented tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity of moncytic cells induced by these antibodies. We propose that Syk inhibitors, initially developed as a potential treatment of autoimmune disease, may be of therapeutic interest in the treatment of HIT. ABCA1 has been demonstrated to be crucial in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by loading cholesterol and phospholipids into ApoA-I to generate high density lipoproteins. Its defect is associated to circulating lipid disturbance but also to hemorrhagic diathesis. Surprisingly, using ABCA1 knock-out mice, we have demonstrated that this transporter is neither implicated in phosphatidyserine exposure, a mechanism leading to the procoagulant activity of activated platelets, nor in the control of platelet membranes cholesterol content. However, mouse platelets deficient for ABCA1 have an increased size and a defect in response to low doses of agonists such as thrombin and collagen. Our data indicate that ABCA1 is involved in the efficiency of platelet signal transduction, particularly in the activation of Akt. These studies have characterized key players of platelet activation and suggest new strategies in the development of antithrombotic therapies
Moulis, Guillaume. "Pharmacoépidémiologie de la thrombopénie immunologique en France : suivi de cohorte issue du Système national d'information inter-régimes de l'Assurance maladie et création d'un registre clinique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30005/document.
Full textImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder. ITP epidemiology is not well known. ITP treatment is based on glucocorticoids, and intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulin in case of severe bleeding. ITP becomes persistent (lasting more than 3 months) or chronic (more than 12 months) in about 70% of adults. In that case, non-corticosteroid treatments are suggested, mostly splenectomy, rituximab and thrombopoietin receptor agonists. The use of these treatments have never been assessed in the real life practice as well as their effectiveness and safety, particularly as regards the risk of infection. Vaccinations are recommended before splenectomy or rituximab. However, the vaccination rates and their effectiveness has not been assessed. We build two complementary materials: 1) the French Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia: a pHarmacoepidemiological study (FAITH) is the cohort of all incident primary ITP adults persistently treated (more than 3 months), built in the French health Insurance system database (Système national d'information inter-régimes de l'Assurance Maladie, SNIIRAM) at the national level; 2) the Cytopénie Auto-immune : Registre Midi-PyrénéEN (CARMEN) registry that includes and follows all incident ITP adults in the French Midi-Pyrénées region. Thanks to these two cohorts, we could assess the epidemiology of incident ITP in France; describe the exposure ITP treatments; assess the vaccination coverage in rituximab treated and splenectomized patients in France; and assess the risk of infection according to ITP treatments and the protective effect of the vaccines in this population
Kizlik-Masson, Claire. "Anticorps anti-FP4/héparine et protéases : nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans les thrombopénies induites par l'héparine." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3313.
Full textHeparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare but severe complication of heparin treatments. HIT is due to IgG antibodies specific to platelet factor 4 modified by heparin (PF4/H), which activate blood cells, (especially platelets) after binding to FcγRIIA, this process explaining frequent thrombotic complications. We characterized 5B9, a chimeric IgG1 targeting PF4/H and which fully mimics human HIT antibodies. Therefore, 5B9 is a perfect tool for studying the physiopathology of HIT. IgG antibodies to PF4/H are pathogenic by interacting with FcγR. In this regard, we showed that cleavage by IdeS, a bacterial protease, of the hinge of anti-PF4/H IgG, fully suppressed their pathogenicity. Furthermore, we designed an antithrombotic Antibody-Drug Conjugate that combined tirofiban, a GPIIbIIIa inhibitor with deglycosylated 5B9 using a thrombin cleavable linker
Martin, Nathalie. "Etude de la thrombopénie dans la population séropositive pour le VIH (groupes II et III de la classification du CDC) : à propos de 97 cas receuillis au sein de la cohorte du G.E.C.S.A. (Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine)." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25056.
Full textPoulichot, Sylvaine. "Thrombopénies aux héparines de bas poids moléculaire." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P091.
Full textLeroux, Dorothée. "La réponse immune sous héparine : études évaluant le rôle de la structure de l'héparine et du sulfate de protamine." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3313.
Full textThe immune response under heparin (H) treatment is associated with IgG antibodies (Abs) synthesis against heparin-modified Platelet Factor 4 (PF4). These Abs bind FcγRIIa receptors via their Fc fragment and promote strong platelet activation. Low Molecular Weight Heparins are complex mixtures of polysaccharide fragments. These oligosaccharides (OS) have a variable structure due to variations in the type of sugar units and the number of sulphate groups. We demonstrated that OS longer than 10 saccharides and with a large number of sulphate groups are likely able to modify PF4 and allow the binding of heparin-dependent Abs. Cardiac surgery is associated with strong platelet activation and high doses of unfractionated heparin are administered to patients during surgery, and then neutralized with protamine sulfate (SP) at the end of the intervention. 30 to 50% of patients develop anti H/PF4 Abs, but we demonstrated that 25% do synthethized anti H/SP Abs able to activate platelets in vitro. The pathogenic role of these Abs to H/SP in vivo is controversial
Eclache-Saudreau, Virginie. "Thrombopénies induites par l'héparine : difficultés du diagnostic biologique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P121.
Full textBoullu, Lois. "Étude d’équations à retard appliquées à la régulation de la production de plaquettes sanguines." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1239/document.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the study, using mathematical models, of the regulation mechanism maintaining an optimal quantity of blood platelets. The first chapter presents the biological and mathematical context of the thesis. In a second chapter, we introduce a model for megakaryopoiesis assuming a regulation by the platelet quantity of both the differentiation rate of stem cells to the platelet cell line and the amount of platelets produced by each megakaryocyte. We show that the dynamic of this model corresponds to a delay differential equation x'(t) = -?x(t) + f(x(t))g(x(t - t)), and we obtain for this equation new sufficient conditions for stability and for the oscillation of solutions. In a third chapter, we analyze a second model for megakaryopoiesis in which the regulation is continuous through the maturation speed of megakaryocyte progenitors. The stability analysis requires to adapt a pre-existing framework to problems where the bifurcation parameter is not the delay, and allows to show that increasing the death rate of megakaryocyte progenitors leads to the onset of periodic solutions, in agreement with clinical observation of amegakaryocytic cyclical thrombocytopenia. The last chapter covers a differential equation with two delays that appears among others in a model of platelet production which considers that platelet death can both age-independent and age-dependent
Morineaud, François-Xavier. "Thrombopénies chez les sujets atteints par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20312.
Full textCantais, Raymond-Emmanuel. "Thromboses au cours des thrombopénies induites par l'Héparine : à propos de 7 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25257.
Full textRIGAUDIERE, SYLVIE. "Les thrombopénies induites par les digitaliques : une complication rare des traitements par les digitaliques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13026.
Full textBillard, Florence. "Utilisation des immunoglobulines polyvalentes dans le traitement du Purpura thrombopénique idiopathique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P029.
Full textGirois, Florence. "Le purpura thrombopénique auto-immun chez l'enfant : à propos de 47 observations." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3047.
Full textVergez-Larrouget, Claude-Henri. "Purpura thrombopenique autoimmun et maladie de Hodgkin." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25264.
Full textDiouf-Lasserre, Marie-Catherine. "Manifestations hématologiques au cours de la brucellose septicémique : à propos de deux cas, purpura thrombopénique, pancytopénie." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M151.
Full textBierling, Philippe. "Anticorps anti-plaquettes : rôle pathologique et caractérisation immunobiochimique." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120038.
Full textMahevas, Matthieu. "Différenciation en plasmocytes à longue durée de vie lors de la déplétion lymphocytaire B dans le purpura thrombopénique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T024.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Rivière, Étienne. "Implication de la protéine Bcl-xL dans la mégacaryopoïèse humaine normale et dans le purpura thrombopénique immunologique chronique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0148/document.
Full textThe Bcl-xL protein is a member of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. It has been shown in mouse that this protein had a major role in platelet production (megakaryopoiesis). Bcl-xL deregulation could lead to megakaryopoiesis impairement and explain some human diseases such as chronic thrombocytopenias. One cause of chronic thrombocytopenia is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) that associates 2 pathophysiological mechanisms: an immune-mediated platelet destruction and an insufficient production from the bone marrow cells. ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion when all known causes of thrombocytopenia have been ruled out by diagnosis work-up. In ITP cohort of patients followed in our internal medicine department, we have identified some patients with a haematological profile of their disease, ie absence of overt features of auto-immunity, and absence of response to immunomudulatory treatments, or no indication to such treatment because of sufficient platelet count. We demonstrate in this study that Bcl-xL is necessary for megakaryocyte survival during all megakaryopoiesis, contrary to what was found in mouse. Moreover, some patients have an intrinsically impaired proplatelet formation, and some of them also have a decrease of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein in their platelets. These novel observations suggest that a deregulation of Bcl-xL is a possible cause of their disease and lead the way to the identification of a potentially new cause of chronic thrombocytopenia in human
Bouvier, Magali. "Prévalence des marqueurs d'hépatite C chez les malades ayant un purpura thrombopénique auto-immun : signification des profils observés." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P211.
Full textHerran, Eliane. "Le purpura thrombopénique auto-immun et la grossesse : à propos de 3 cas traités par perfusions de hautes doses d'immunoglobulines." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25030.
Full textGonzalez, y. Gonzalez Carlos. "Facteurs prédictifs du résultat de la splénectomie dans les purpuras thrombopéniques immunologiques dits idiopathiques." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23001.
Full textLaroche-Traineau, Jeanny. "Caracterisation et production d'anticorps monoclonaux humains anti-plaquettaires." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28317.
Full textDisorders of primary haemostasis highlight the need to detail the function of platelet receptors. Qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of GP IIb-IIIa in patients with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (QT) manifest in platelet aggregationabnormalities. The thrombasthenic state has shed light on possible therapeutic manoeuvres in the treatment of thrombotic states. Human monoclonal antibodies directed against the GP IIb-IIIa complex are capable of inhibiting aggregation by blocking interaction of this complex with adhesive proteins. Our aim was to produce "in vitro" human monoclonal specific for GP IIb-IIIa and capable of inhibiting aggregation, from the B lymphocytes of patients producing antibodies against this complex. Sera of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura or GT were screened using the MAIPA technique (Monoclonal Antibody-Immobilization of Platelet Antigens). We then attempted to immortalize the B lymphocytes of these immunised patients ; we achieved this with the use of EBV infecion and stimulation of B lymphocytes, followed by fusion with a myeloma cell line. In the course of our experiments, we performed detailed study of one patient (C. V. ) with ITP. The presence in her serum of an anti-idiotypic antibody against a public epitope was proven. In another patient immortalization of B lymphocytes produced a stable clone which produced an antibody recognising platelet myosin. This antibody fixed strongly to cardiac myosin also. Characterization of the affinity of Fab fragments for human heart myosin and the evaluation by immunoscintigraphy for detection of cardiac myocyte death may permit the use of this antibody in the clinical scenarios of diagnosing of myocardial infarction and surveillance following cardiac transplantation
Ebbo, Mikaël. "Rôle des cellules lymphoïdes innées chez l'homme : analyse au cours de déficits immunitaires, pathologies auto-immunes et inflammatoires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0398.
Full textInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified components of the immune system, but their functions in vivo in humans are still elusive. In a first study, we show in patients with common variable immunodeficiency that non-infectious inflammatory complications and severe bacterial infections were more frequent in patients with severe NK cell lymphopenia, indicating potential non-redundant immune functions of NK cells when the adaptive immune response is not optimal. In a second study, we observe that in patients with ɣc and JAK3 severe combined immunodeficiencies, all ILC subsets are absent. After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, ILCs remain indetectable with no susceptibility to disease, suggesting that ILCs might be redundant and dispensable in humans, if T and B cells functions are preserved. In the second part of this thesis, we study phenotypic and functional modifications of NK cell compartment in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Interferon gamma production by the peripheral blood NK cells of ITP patients is decreased. In contrast, splenic NK cells of ITP patients tend to be more efficient in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulins lead to the inhibition of blood NK cell activation. Finally, we present the preliminary results of a study investigating the modifications of circulating ILCs in IgG4-related disease, and present an extensive litterature review concerning the role of ILCs in inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the apparent redundancy of ILCs for protective immunity and their pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases make their targeting in humans for therapeutic purposes particularly promising
Ghergus, Dana. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques des manifestations auto-immunes au cours de la leucémie lymphoïde chronique : rôle de ZAP-70." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ034/document.
Full textChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is particularly associated with autoimmune cytopenia (AIC). The expression of ZAP-70 in CLL cells is a prognostic factor, through increased BCR signaling. We described a novel normal B cell population (LyBn) that expresses ZAP-70. ZAP-70+ LyBn do not seem to belong to a certain subset of B cells, nor seem to have an activated phenotype. The presence of ZAP-70 in the naïve B cell subset suggests that this is an early process, which probably occurs before malignant transformation. There is a good correlation in the level of ZAP-70 expression, between normal B cells and CLL B cells. We found a significant percentage of ZAP-70+ LyBn in all AIC-associated CLLs. Analysis of monoclonal antibodies and of conditional ZAP-70KI mouse model synthesized in this work will clarify the consequences of aberrant ZAP-70 expression in B cells on autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation