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Journal articles on the topic 'Through-space conjugation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Li, Jinshi, Pingchuan Shen, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Through-Space Conjugation: A Thriving Alternative for Optoelectronic Materials." CCS Chemistry 1, no. 2 (June 2019): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.019.20180020.

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Efficient electronic coupling is the key to constructing optoelectronic functional π systems. Generally, the delocalization of π electrons must comply with the framework constructed by covalent bonds (typically σ bonds), representing classic through-bond conjugation. However, through-space conjugation offers an alternative that achieves spatial electron communication with closely stacked π systems instead of covalent bonds thus enabling multidimensional energy and charge transport. Because of the ever-accelerating advances of through-space conjugation studies, researchers are inspired greatly by the beauty of through-space conjugated systems and their potential in high-tech applications. In this mini review, we introduce some representative and newly developed π systems having the through-space conjugation feature. In addition to discussing the profound impacts of through-space conjugation on the luminescence properties and charge transport, we will review some impressive findings of distinctive molecules with attractive characteristics, such as aggregation-induced emission, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, bipolar charge transport, and multichannel. These achievements may bring about new breakthroughs of theory, materials, and devices in the fields of organic electronics and molecular electronics.

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2

Shen, Ping-Chuan, Ze-Yan Zhuang, Zu-Jin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Recent advances of folded tetraphenylethene derivatives featuring through-space conjugation." Chinese Chemical Letters 27, no. 8 (August 2016): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.031.

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3

Saal, Fridolin, Fangyuan Zhang, Marco Holzapfel, Matthias Stolte, Evripidis Michail, Michael Moos, Alexander Schmiedel, et al. "[n]Helicene Diimides (n = 5, 6, and 7): Through-Bond versus Through-Space Conjugation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 51 (December 14, 2020): 21298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c11053.

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4

He, Bairong, Wenwen Luo, Shimin Hu, Bin Chen, Shijie Zhen, Han Nie, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Synthesis and photophysical properties of new through-space conjugated luminogens constructed by folded tetraphenylethene." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 47 (2017): 12553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04626j.

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5

Yu, Chin-Yang, and Yu-Chun Lai. "Synthesis, aggregation induced emission and through space conjugation of triphenylvinylphenyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-diene." RSC Advances 8, no. 35 (2018): 19341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03025a.

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6

Câmara, Cristina, Kamila Kliś-Garlicka, and Marek Ptak. "Asymmetric truncated toeplitz operators and conjugations." Filomat 33, no. 12 (2019): 3697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1912697c.

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Truncated Toeplitz operators in a model space are C-symmetric with respect to a natural conjugation in that space. We show that this and another conjugation associated to an orthogonal decomposition possess unique properties and we study their relations with asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators in terms of C-symmetry. New connections with Hankel operators are established through this approach.

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7

Shen, Pingchuan, Zeyan Zhuang, Xiao-Fang Jiang, Jinshi Li, Shunan Yao, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Through-Space Conjugation: An Effective Strategy for Stabilizing Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10, no. 11 (May 3, 2019): 2648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01040.

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8

Zhang, Yingying, Bairong He, Wenwen Luo, Huiren Peng, Shuming Chen, Rongrong Hu, Anjun Qin, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Aggregation-enhanced emission and through-space conjugation of tetraarylethanes and folded tetraarylethenes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 39 (2016): 9316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc03767d.

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9

Chen, Long, Ya-Hao Wang, Bairong He, Han Nie, Rongrong Hu, Fei Huang, Anjun Qin, Xiao-Shun Zhou, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Multichannel Conductance of Folded Single-Molecule Wires Aided by Through-Space Conjugation." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 14 (February 18, 2015): 4305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201411909.

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10

Chen, Long, Ya-Hao Wang, Bairong He, Han Nie, Rongrong Hu, Fei Huang, Anjun Qin, Xiao-Shun Zhou, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Multichannel Conductance of Folded Single-Molecule Wires Aided by Through-Space Conjugation." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 14 (February 18, 2015): 4231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411909.

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11

Yang, Yang, Haoke Zhang, Chin-Yi Chen, Da Peng Liu, Ankit Raj, Hiro-o. Hamaguchi, Ben Zhong Tang, Yan Jun Lin, Chien-Lung Wang, and Xiao Song Wang. "Water-mediated through-space-conjugation of aromatic groups for stimuli-responsive photoluminescence." Giant 3 (August 2020): 100028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2020.100028.

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12

He, Bairong, Han Nie, Wenwen Luo, Rongrong Hu, Anjun Qin, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Synthesis, structure and optical properties of tetraphenylethene derivatives with through-space conjugation between benzene and various planar chromophores." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 9 (2016): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00204h.

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13

Feng, Yuanbo, Tian Bai, Hongxia Yan, Fan Ding, Lihua Bai, and Weixu Feng. "High Fluorescence Quantum Yield Based on the Through-Space Conjugation of Hyperbranched Polysiloxane." Macromolecules 52, no. 8 (April 10, 2019): 3075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00263.

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14

Zhang, Tingting, Zihao Zhao, Huili Ma, Yongming Zhang, and Wang Zhang Yuan. "Polymorphic Pure Organic Luminogens with Through‐Space Conjugation and Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence." Chemistry – An Asian Journal 14, no. 6 (January 28, 2019): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201801727.

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15

Zhen, Shijie, Pingchuan Shen, Jinshi Li, Zujin Zhao, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Giant single-molecule conductance enhancement achieved by strengthening through-space conjugation with thienyls." Cell Reports Physical Science 2, no. 3 (March 2021): 100364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100364.

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16

Zhu, Qiuhua, Yilin Zhang, Han Nie, Zujin Zhao, Shuwen Liu, Kam Sing Wong, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Insight into the strong aggregation-induced emission of low-conjugated racemic C6-unsubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines through crystal-structure–property relationship of polymorphs." Chemical Science 6, no. 8 (2015): 4690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc01226k.

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17

Wang, Haoran, Hao Xing, Junyi Gong, Haoke Zhang, Jun Zhang, Peifa Wei, Guojian Yang, Jacky W. Y. Lam, Ran Lu, and Ben Zhong Tang. "“Living” luminogens: light driven ACQ-to-AIE transformation accompanied with solid-state actuation." Materials Horizons 7, no. 6 (2020): 1566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00447b.

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18

Jorner, Kjell, Burkhard O. Jahn, Patrick Bultinck, and Henrik Ottosson. "Triplet state homoaromaticity: concept, computational validation and experimental relevance." Chemical Science 9, no. 12 (2018): 3165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc05009g.

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19

Luo, Wenwen, Han Nie, Bairong He, Zujin Zhao, Qian Peng, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Spectroscopic and Theoretical Characterization of Through-Space Conjugation of Foldamers with a Tetraphenylethene Hinge." Chemistry - A European Journal 23, no. 71 (November 23, 2017): 18041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704182.

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20

Zheng, Shuyuan, Tianwen Zhu, Yunzhong Wang, Tianjia Yang, and Wang Zhang Yuan. "Accessing Tunable Afterglows from Highly Twisted Nonaromatic Organic AIEgens via Effective Through‐Space Conjugation." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 25 (March 18, 2020): 10018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202000655.

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21

Zheng, Shuyuan, Tianwen Zhu, Yunzhong Wang, Tianjia Yang, and Wang Zhang Yuan. "Accessing Tunable Afterglows from Highly Twisted Nonaromatic Organic AIEgens via Effective Through‐Space Conjugation." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 25 (March 18, 2020): 10104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202000655.

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22

Feng, Yuanbo, Hongxia Yan, Fan Ding, Tian Bai, Yufeng Nie, Yan Zhao, Weixu Feng, and Ben Zhong Tang. "Multiring-induced multicolour emission: hyperbranched polysiloxane with silicon bridge for data encryption." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 5 (2020): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00075b.

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The presented work shows an impressive multicolour luminescence hyperbranched polysiloxane attributed to the multiring through-space conjugation named “multiring induced multicolor emission” (MIE), as well as its application in data encryption.

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23

Zhuang, Zeyan, Pingchuan Shen, Siyang Ding, Wenwen Luo, Bairong He, Han Nie, Bohan Wang, et al. "Synthesis, aggregation-enhanced emission, polymorphism and piezochromism of TPE-cored foldamers with through-space conjugation." Chemical Communications 52, no. 72 (2016): 10842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc04233c.

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24

Morisaki, Yasuhiro, Shizue Ueno, Akinori Saeki, Atsushi Asano, Shu Seki, and Yoshiki Chujo. "π-Electron-System-Layered Polymer: Through-Space Conjugation and Properties as a Single Molecular Wire." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 14 (February 28, 2012): 4216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103653.

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25

Zhang, Jianyu, Lianrui Hu, Kaihua Zhang, Junkai Liu, Xingguang Li, Haoran Wang, Zhaoyu Wang, et al. "How to Manipulate Through-Space Conjugation and Clusteroluminescence of Simple AIEgens with Isolated Phenyl Rings." Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 25 (June 11, 2021): 9565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c03882.

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26

Maeda, Hazuki, Mayu Kameda, Takuji Hatakeyama, and Yasuhiro Morisaki. "π-Stacked Polymer Consisting of a Pseudo–meta–[2.2]Paracyclophane Skeleton." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101140.

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A novel π-stacked polymer based on a pseudo–meta–linked [2.2]paracyclophane moieties was synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the synthesized polymer and model compounds revealed an extension of the conjugation length owing to the through-space conjugation. The optical properties of the π-stacked dimer with the pseudo–meta–linked [2.2]paracyclophane unit were compared with those of the corresponding dimers with the pseudo–ortho– and pseudo–para–linked [2.2]paracyclophane units.

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27

Sun, Duoli, Sergiy V. Rosokha, and Jay K. Kochi. "Through-Space (Cofacial) π-Delocalization among Multiple Aromatic Centers: Toroidal Conjugation in Hexaphenylbenzene-like Radical Cations." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 32 (August 12, 2005): 5133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501005.

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28

Sun, Duoli, Sergiy V. Rosokha, and Jay K. Kochi. "Through-Space (Cofacial) π-Delocalization among Multiple Aromatic Centers: Toroidal Conjugation in Hexaphenylbenzene-like Radical Cations." Angewandte Chemie 117, no. 32 (August 12, 2005): 5263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200501005.

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29

Xie, Ou, and Carl W. Dirk. "Through-Space Higher Dimensionality Conjugation to Enhance Optical Properties? An Exploratory Computational Investigation on a Model System." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 102, no. 47 (November 1998): 9378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9818434.

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30

Yamaguchi, Isao, Yukari Matsuda, and Moriyuki Sato. "Ionic polymers with expanded π-conjugation systems derived from through-space interaction in piperazinium and homopiperazinium rings." Polymer International 60, no. 1 (September 7, 2010): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2913.

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31

Yamaguchi, Isao, Ayaka Kado, Takashi Fukuda, Hiroki Fukumoto, Takakazu Yamamoto, and Moriyuki Sato. "Ionic polymers and oligomers with expanded π-conjugation system derived from through-space interaction in piperazinium ring." European Polymer Journal 46, no. 5 (May 2010): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.01.010.

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32

Gao, Feifei, Ruiming Du, Chunmiao Han, Jing Zhang, Ying Wei, Guang Lu, and Hui Xu. "High-efficiency blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence from donor–acceptor–donor systems via the through-space conjugation effect." Chemical Science 10, no. 21 (2019): 5556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc01240k.

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Highly efficient sky-blue TADF donor–acceptor–donor molecules were demonstrated, in which 5,10-diphenyl-5,10-dihydrophosphanthrene oxide (DPDPO2A) with the feature of homoconjugation was used as the acceptor to bridge four carbazolyl or 3,6-di-t-butyl-carbazolyl groups.

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33

Yamaguchi, Isao, and Mikihiko Minamitani. "Chiral-phosphate anion-containing polymers with expanded π-conjugation systems derived from through-space interactions in the piperazinium ring." Reactive and Functional Polymers 72, no. 11 (November 2012): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.08.009.

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34

Yamaguchi, Isao, Yusei Hamada, Kiyotaka Miyoshi, and Aohan Wang. "Metal‐chloride‐anion‐containing polymers with expanded π‐conjugation systems derived from through‐space interactions in the piperazinium ring." Polymer International 68, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.5778.

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35

Zhang, Chuanchuan, Henggang Wang, Xingwang Lan, Yu-e. Shi, and Zhenguang Wang. "Modulating Emission of Nonconventional Luminophores from Nonemissive to Fluorescence and Room-Temperature Phosphorescence via Dehydration-Induced Through-Space Conjugation." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 5 (February 1, 2021): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03614.

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36

Ding, Xiaoquan, and Jifa Jiang. "Random Attractors for Stochastic Retarded Reaction-Diffusion Equations on Unbounded Domains." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981576.

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This paper is devoted to a stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equation on alld-dimensional space with additive white noise. We first show that the stochastic retarded reaction-diffusion equation generates a random dynamical system by transforming this stochastic equation into a random one through a tempered stationary random homeomorphism. Then, we establish the existence of a random attractor for the random equation. And the existence of a random attractor for the stochastic equation follows from the conjugation relation between two random dynamical systems. The pullback asymptotic compactness is proved by uniform estimates on solutions for large space and time variables. These estimates are obtained by a cut-off technique.

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37

ADEM, ALEJANDRO, FREDERICK R. COHEN, and JOSÉ MANUEL GÓMEZ. "Stable splittings, spaces of representations and almost commuting elements in Lie groups." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 149, no. 3 (June 3, 2010): 455–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004110000277.

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AbstractIn this paper the space of almost commuting elements in a Lie group is studied through a homotopical point of view. In particular a stable splitting after one suspension is derived for these spaces and their quotients under conjugation. A complete description for the stable factors appearing in this splitting is provided for compact connected Lie groups of rank one. By using symmetric products, the colimits Rep(ℤn, SU), Rep(ℤn, U) and Rep(ℤn, Sp) are explicitly described as finite products of Eilenberg–MacLane spaces.

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38

Yamaguchi, Isao, Sachiko Jonai, and Yukari Matsuda. "Ionic Helical Polymers with Expanded π-Conjugation System Derived from Through-Space Interaction in Piperazinium Ring and Their Spontaneous Dynamic Conformational Changes." Macromolecules 44, no. 6 (March 22, 2011): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma102870h.

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39

Jia, Xiaoyao, Juanjuan Gao, and Xiaoquan Ding. "Random attractors for stochastic two-compartment Gray-Scott equations with a multiplicative noise." Open Mathematics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 586–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2016-0052.

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Abstract In this paper, we consider the existence of a pullback attractor for the random dynamical system generated by stochastic two-compartment Gray-Scott equation for a multiplicative noise with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on a bounded domain of space dimension n ≤ 3. We first show that the stochastic Gray-Scott equation generates a random dynamical system by transforming this stochastic equation into a random one. We also show that the existence of a random attractor for the stochastic equation follows from the conjugation relation between systems. Then, we prove pullback asymptotical compactness of solutions through the uniform estimate on the solutions. Finally, we obtain the existence of a pullback attractor.

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40

Elbert, Sven M., Tobias Kirschbaum, Frank Rominger, and Michael Mastalerz. "Proving Triptycene Homoconjugation with the Same Chromophore but Different Connectivity to the Core." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (April 2021): 097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726304.

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Homoconjugation is a phenomenon discussed for various π-systems where classical conjugation is broken by e.g. methylene units but still a stabilization by electronic communication exists. In this respect, triptycene with its rigid C3 symmetric geometry is an ideal scaffold to study this phenomenon. Although several studies based on triptycene strengthen the hypothesis of homoconjugation, in all described cases the electronic communication through space relies on different π-blades. Here, two triptycenes are presented having the exact same π-extended chromophore, but differently annulated to the bicyclic core. Both compounds were investigated by spectroscopic as well as computational means and compared with the corresponding model compound, elucidating the influence of the attachment site to the triptycene core on potential homoconjugation.

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41

Wu, Guanzhao, Yangxue Liu, Zhen Yang, Liulei Ma, Yao Tang, Xianliang Zhao, Hossein Rouh, et al. "Triple-Columned and Multiple-Layered 3D Polymers: Design, Synthesis, Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), and Computational Study." Research 2021 (February 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/3565791.

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Conjugated polymers and oligomers have great potentials in various fields, especially in materials and biological sciences because of their intriguing electronic and optoelectronic properties. In recent years, the through-space conjugation system has emerged as a new assembled pattern of multidimensional polymers. Here, a novel series of structurally condensed multicolumn/multilayer 3D polymers and oligomers have been designed and synthesized through one-pot Suzuki polycondensation (SPC). The intramolecularly stacked arrangement of polymers can be supported by either X-ray structural analysis or computational analysis. In all cases, polymers were obtained with modest to good yields, as determined by GPC and 1H-NMR. MALDI-TOF analysis has proven the speculation of the step-growth process of this polymerization. The computational study of ab initio and DFT calculations based on trimer and pentamer models gives details of the structures and the electronic transition. Experimental results of optical and AIE research confirmed by calculation indicates that the present work would facilitate the research and applications in materials.

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42

SANTANDER, MARIANO. "A PERSPECTIVE ON THE MAGIC SQUARE AND THE "SPECIAL UNITARY" REALIZATION OF REAL SIMPLE LIE ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 10, no. 08 (August 7, 2013): 1360002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887813600025.

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This paper contains the last part of the minicourse "Spaces: A Perspective View" delivered at the IFWGP2012. The series of three lectures was intended to bring the listeners from the more naive and elementary idea of space as "our physical Space" (which after all was the dominant one up to the 1820s) through the generalization of the idea of space which took place in the last third of the 19th century. That was a consequence of first the discovery and acceptance of non-Euclidean geometry and second, of the views afforded by the works of Riemann and Klein and continued since then by many others, outstandingly Lie and Cartan. Here we deal with the part of the minicourse which centers on the classification questions associated to the simple real Lie groups. We review the original introduction of the Magic Square "á la Freudenthal", putting the emphasis in the role played in this construction by the four normed division algebras ℝ, ℂ, ℍ, 𝕆. We then explore the possibility of understanding some simple real Lie algebras as "special unitary" over some algebras 𝕂 or tensor products 𝕂1 ⊗ 𝕂2, and we argue that the proper setting for this construction is not to confine only to normed division algebras, but to allow the split versions ℂ′, ℍ′, 𝕆′ of complex, quaternions and octonions as well. This way we get a "Grand Magic Square" and we fill in all details required to cover all real forms of simple real Lie algebras within this scheme. The paper ends with the complete lists of all realizations of simple real Lie algebras as "special unitary" (or only unitary when n = 2) over some tensor product of two *-algebras 𝕂1, 𝕂2, which in all cases are obtained from ℝ, ℂ, ℂ′, ℍ, ℍ′, 𝕆, 𝕆′ as sets, endowing them with a *-conjugation which usually but not always is the natural complex, quaternionic or octonionic conjugation.

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43

Yamaguchi, Isao, Saki Shingai, and Moriyuki Sato. "Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Pyridinium Salts with Piperazine To Give Ionic Polymers with Expanded π-Conjugation System Derived from Through-Space Interaction in a Piperazinium Ring." Macromolecules 41, no. 17 (September 9, 2008): 6292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma8007042.

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44

Jeong, Sanghwa, Darwin Yang, Abraham G. Beyene, Jackson Travis Del Bonis-O’Donnell, Anneliese M. M. Gest, Nicole Navarro, Xiaoqi Sun, and Markita P. Landry. "High-throughput evolution of near-infrared serotonin nanosensors." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaay3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3771.

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Imaging neuromodulation with synthetic probes is an emerging technology for studying neurotransmission. However, most synthetic probes are developed through conjugation of fluorescent signal transducers to preexisting recognition moieties such as antibodies or receptors. We introduce a generic platform to evolve synthetic molecular recognition on the surface of near-infrared fluorescent single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) signal transducers. We demonstrate evolution of molecular recognition toward neuromodulator serotonin generated from large libraries of ~6.9 × 1010 unique ssDNA sequences conjugated to SWCNTs. This probe is reversible and produces a ~200% fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to serotonin with a Kd = 6.3 μM, and shows selective responsivity over serotonin analogs, metabolites, and receptor-targeting drugs. Furthermore, this probe remains responsive and reversible upon repeat exposure to exogenous serotonin in the extracellular space of acute brain slices. Our results suggest that evolution of nanosensors could be generically implemented to develop other neuromodulator probes with synthetic molecular recognition.

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45

Butterfield, John, Shari Sutor, Wendy Nevala, and Svetomir Markovic. "616 A novel non-covalent linker peptide with nanomolar affinity for clinical IgG1 antibodies preserves antibody-antigen affinity and drug potency against PDL1+ melanoma when conjugated with DM1." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0616.

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BackgroundAntibody-drug conjugates (ADC) increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics, decrease off site toxicity, and pair drug function with immunomodulatory effects. Current ADC platforms depend on the use of covalent linker molecules between the antibody and the drug of choice. This approach leads to significant variation in the number of drug molecules bound, the location of their binding, and inconsistency in maintaining the structure and antigen affinity of the antibody. Because of this, covalent-based ADC development requires extensive separation steps to isolate the ideal isotypes of the ADC. This testing and separation must be repeated for each antibody and each drug considered. Here we present a peptide that non-covalently binds multiple clinically relevant IgG1 antibodies at a controlled ratio and location, then demonstrate its use as a modular ADC linker platform.MethodsPeptide-antibody and antibody-antigen affinity were determined using Biacore surface plasmon resonance. Peptides conjugated with alexafluor or DM1 were purified using HPLC and structure was confirmed through mass spectrometry. Flow cytometry verified delivery of peptide-atezolizumab conjugates to C1861 PDL1+ melanoma cells. Peptide-DM1 potency was determined in-vitro using a calcein-AM and propridium iodine live/dead cell double staining.ResultsAntibody-Binding Peptide Linker (APL) was developed from a series of space filling amino acid substitutions at key residues on an 18-mer peptide derived from a hydrophobic pocket on human albumin (figure 1a). A lysine containing tail was added to the C-terminus for conjugation to small molecule therapeutics through amine coupling. APL has nanomolar binding affinity for the fab region of IgG1 antibodies including rituximab (KD= 1.85 × 10-8), bevacizumab (KD= 5.2 × 10-8), trastuzumab (KD= 8.87 × 10-8), and atezolizumab (KD= 3.78 × 10-8) (figure 1b). Kinetic binding models, performed by Biacore surface plasmon resonance, showed a 2:1 association of peptide to antibody. All four antibodies retained their antigen affinity when bound by APL (figure 2a). Labeling of APL with an alexafluor showed delivery to PDL1+ melanoma cells when given bound to the anti-PDL1 antibody atezolizumab (figure 2b). Conjugation of APL with the tubulin inhibitor DM1 (figure 2c) resulted in a drug conjugated peptide that retained the potency of the drug itself (figure 2d).Abstract 616 Figure 1a) APLinker peptide structure showing the hydrophobic side chains necessary for antibody binding (green), an isoleucine substitution to increase affinity (red), and the addition of a lysine residue to the C terminus for amine conjugation. b) Binding affinity of each peptide mutant to common therapeutic antibodies, determined using Biacore surface plasmon resonanceAbstract 616 Figure 2a) Affinity of clinical antibodies for their antigen when bound by APLinker peptide at different molar ratios. b) Labeling of PDL1+ C8161 melanoma cells with atezolizumab bound by AF647 conjugated APLinker. c) Structure of APLinker conjugated with the chemotherapeutic DM1 onto the C-terminus lysine using an SMCC crosslinker. d) In-vitro proliferation assay of DM1 alone and APL-DM1 conjugate using A-375 melanoma cells.ConclusionsAntibody-Binding Peptide Linker (APL) non-covalently binds clinical IgG1 antibodies at a fixed two to one ratio without affecting antigen affinity. Conjugation of APL with a drug of choice provides a modular Antibody-Drug Conjugate platform where both the antibody and drug can be substituted with ease.

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Vrábel, Viktor, František Pavelčík, Eleonóra Kellö, Stanislav Miertuš, Václav Konečný, and Jan Lokaj. "The crystal and electron structure of O-(2-chloroethyl)-O-isobutyl-O-(2-phenyl-4-methylthio-3-oxo-2H-pyridazine-5-yl) thiophosphate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 3 (1987): 696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19870696.

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The crystal structure of the title fungicide was solved by direct methods, using Σ2 relationship and tangent formula. The structure refinement was made by full-matrix least-squares with anisotropic temperature factors to the final R = 0.096 for 1 486 significant reflexions. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, the space group Pccn. The lattice parameters are a = 1.8719(9), b = 3.0426(33), c = 0.7616(2) nm and Z = 8. The intermolecular interactions of types C-H···Cl and C-H···O are observed between the centrosymmetrically related molecules in the crystal structure. The coordination polyhedron around phosphorus is between trigonal pyramid and tetrahedron. The planes of the phenyl and pyridazine rings are rotated through 70° each other. The electron structure was calculated by semiempirical CNDO/2 method. The calculations revealed the most negative net charges on S(2) and O(1). The value of Wiberg index Iw = 1.08 and the bond distance 0.149 nm show that the bond N(1)-C(5) is simple and is not involved in the conjugation.

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Orhan, Hilmi, Nico P. E. Vermeulen, Gonul Sahin, and Jan N. M. Commandeur. "Characterization of Thioether Compounds Formed from Alkaline Degradation Products of Enflurane." Anesthesiology 95, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200107000-00027.

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Background Renal toxicity has occasionally been observed after enflurane anesthesia. Although originally attributed to its oxidative metabolism to inorganic fluoride, serum levels of inorganic fluoride appear to be small to explain these renal effects. Formation of potentially nephrotoxic halogenated alkenes during alkaline degradation in carbon dioxide absorbers and subsequent bioactivation via the glutathione conjugation pathway may be considered as an alternative mechanism for renal toxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize the thioethers formed chemically and biosynthetically. Methods Alkaline degradation of enflurane was achieved by stirring with pulverized potassium hydroxide. Volatile degradation products were analyzed by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of head space gasses trapped in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Thioethers were generated chemically by trapping head space gasses in DMSO containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine or 2-mercaptoacetic acid as model thiol compounds. Glutathione conjugates were generated biosynthetically by passing head space through rat liver fractions in presence of glutathione. Products formed were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and 19F-NMR. Results Direct analysis of head space gasses showed formation of 1-chloro-1,2-difluorovinyl difluoromethyl ether and two unidentified fluorine-containing products as alkaline degradation products of enflurane. When trapped in DMSO-N-acetyl-L-cysteine-triethylamine, N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-1,2-difluoro-1-(difluoromethoxy)ethyl)-L-cysteine was identified as the major product. Another N-acetyl-L-cysteine S-conjugate formed was N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-cysteine, a potent nephrotoxin in rats. 19F-NMR analysis of glutathione conjugates formed after incubation with rat liver fractions resulted in formation of corresponding S-conjugates. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that alkaline degradation products of enflurane can be conjugated to thiol compounds, forming S-conjugates that could theoretically contribute to adverse renal effects observed occasionally with enflurane anesthesia. The N-acetyl-L-cysteine S-conjugates identified may be biomarkers to assess exposure of humans to alkaline degradation products of enflurane.

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Onel, Melis, Fidan Sumbul, Jin Liu, Ruth Nussinov, and Turkan Haliloglu. "Cullin neddylation may allosterically tune polyubiquitin chain length and topology." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 5 (February 20, 2017): 781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160748.

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Conjugation of Nedd8 (neddylation) to Cullins (Cul) in Cul-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) stimulates ubiquitination and polyubiquitination of protein substrates. CRL is made up of two Cul-flanked arms: one consists of the substrate-binding and adaptor proteins and the other consists of E2 and Ring-box protein (Rbx). Polyubiquitin chain length and topology determine the substrate fate. Here, we ask how polyubiquitin chains are accommodated in the limited space available between the two arms and what determines the polyubiquitin linkage topology. We focus on Cul5 and Rbx1 in three states: before Cul5 neddylation (closed state), after neddylation (open state), and after deneddylation, exploiting molecular dynamics simulations and the Gaussian Network Model. We observe that regulation of substrate ubiquitination and polyubiquitination takes place through Rbx1 rotations, which are controlled by Nedd8–Rbx1 allosteric communication. Allosteric propagation proceeds from Nedd8 via Cul5 dynamic hinges and hydrogen bonds between the C-terminal domain of Cul5 (Cul5CTD) and Rbx1 (Cul5CTD residues R538/R569 and Rbx1 residue E67, or Cul5CTD E474/E478/N491 and Rbx1 K105). Importantly, at each ubiquitination step (homogeneous or heterogeneous, linear or branched), the polyubiquitin linkages fit into the distances between the two arms, and these match the inherent CRL conformational tendencies. Hinge sites may constitute drug targets.

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Kawano, Tomonori. "Primitive Optical Computing Model with Films: Boolean Conjunction of the Square Matrix-Arrayed Color Codes." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 17, no. 6 (November 20, 2013): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2013.p0791.

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Color is one of the most useful and attractive characteristics of light applicable to optical science and the related industries. In recent decades, a number of studies focusing on the use of light as a key component of computation have attracted considerable attention from researchers and engineers because these studies are potentially applicable to signal processing through optical interconnections between electronic devices. Such studies include the optical parallel logic gates proposed by a Japanese research group, allowing spontaneous and parallel computing with spatial coding using lights, simply by overlaying a pair of shadowgram images. For computational handling of the colors visible to human eyes,Commission Internationale de l’Eclairgehas defined CIE 1976 color space (CIELAB). The author has been engaged in the development of CIELAB-based printable and computable color codes possibly used for novel optical logic gate system as one of natural computing approaches. In the present study, by employing the pairs of CIELAB-coded-printed transparent films overlaid, a Boolean operation for the crossing (conjugation) of 2-by-2 color matrices based on the scanning of CIELAB values was demonstrated. This approach is still primitive but might be a significant step for manifesting the array-based processing of colors representing print-preserved and digitalized information.

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Chekmarev, D. T., M. H. Abuziarov, and Cheng Wang. "ABOUT SMOOTH INTERPOLATION OF A TRIANGULATED SURFACE." Problems of strenght and plasticity 82, no. 2 (2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2020-82-2-147-155.

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A method and algorithm for rebuilding a surface triangulation in three-dimensional space defined by an STL file is proposed. An initial surface in 3D space (STL file) is represented as a polyhedron composed of triangular faces. The method is based on the analytical representation of the surface as a piecewise polynomial function. This function is built on a polyhedral surface composed of triangles and satisfies the following requirements: 1) within one face, the function is an algebraic polynomial of the third degree; 2) the function is continuous on the entire surface and preserves the continuity of the first partial derivatives; 3) the surface determined by the function passes through the vertices of the initial triangulated surface. The restructuring of computational meshes is required in cases of distortion of the shape of cells when solving problems of mathematical physics using mesh methods (finite-difference, FEM, etc.). Cell distortion can be due to various reasons. These can be large distortions of moving Lagrangian meshes in the calculations in the current configuration, with instability of the hourglass type, with distortion of the faces of the interface between interacting gaseous, liquid and elastoplastic bodies. The rebuilding of the mesh reduces to solving the problem of constructing a smooth surface passing through the nodes of an existing triangulated surface or part of it. Later the nodes of the new mesh are placed on the constructed smooth surface with existing requirements for the size and shape of the cells. The construction of a smooth piecewise polynomial surface is based on the ideas of spline approximation and reduces to the building of a cubic polynomial on each triangular face, taking into account the smooth conjugation of polynomial pieces of the surface constructed on adjacent faces. The proposed method for rebuilding surface triangulation can be useful for calculating the motion of deformable bodies when solving problems of the dynamics of continuous media on immovable Euler grids.

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