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Journal articles on the topic 'Thundercloud'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shi, Zheng, LuYing Li, YongBo Tan, HaiChao Wang, and ChunSun Li. "A Numerical Study of Aerosol Effects on Electrification with Different Intensity Thunderclouds." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090508.

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Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of varying CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration on dynamic, microphysics, electrification, and charge structure in weak, moderate, and severe thunderstorms. The results show that the response of electrification to the increase of CCN concentration is a nonlinear relationship in different types of thunderclouds. The increase in CCN concentration leads to a significant enhancement of updraft in the weak thunderclouds, while the high CCN concentration in moderate and severe thunderclouds leads to a slight reduction in maximum updraft speed. The increase of the convection promotes the lift of more small cloud droplets, which leads to a faster and stronger production of ice crystals. The production of graupel is insensitive to the CCN concentration. The content of graupel increases from low CCN concentration to moderate CCN concentration, and slightly decreases at high CCN concentration, which arises from the profound enhancement of small ice crystals production. When the intensity of thundercloud increases, the reduction of graupel production will arise in advance as the CCN concentration increases. Charge production tends to increase as the aerosol concentration rises from low to high in weak and moderate thundercloud cases. However, the magnitude of charging rates in the severe thundercloud cases keeps roughly stable under the high CCN concentration condition, which can be attributed to the profound reduction of graupel content. The charge structure in the weak thundercloud at low CCN concentrations keeps as a dipole, while the weak thunderclouds in the other cases (the CCN concentration above 100 cm−3) change from a dipole charge structure to a tripole charge structure, and finally disappear with a dipole. In cases of moderate and severe intensity thunderclouds, the charge structure depicts a relatively complex structure that includes a multilayer charge region.

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2

Sin’kevich, Andrei, Bruce Boe, Sunil Pawar, Jing Yang, Ali Abshaev, Yulia Dovgaluk, Julduz Gekkieva, et al. "Investigation of Thundercloud Features in Different Regions." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163216.

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A comparison of thundercloud characteristics in different regions of the world was conducted. The clouds studied developed in India, China and in two regions of Russia. Several field projects were discussed. Cloud characteristics were measured by weather radars, the SEVERI instrument installed on board of the Meteosat satellite, and lightning detection systems. The statistical characteristics of the clouds were tabulated from radar scans and correlated with lightning observations. Thunderclouds in India differ significantly from those observed in other regions. The relationships among lightning strike frequency, supercooled cloud volume, and precipitation intensity were analyzed. In most cases, high correlation was observed between lightning strike frequency and supercooled volume.

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3

Baral, D. R., and K. N. Baral. "Electrification of Kathmandu Thundercloud: A Possible Mechanism." Tribhuvan University Journal 16 (November 16, 2010): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v16i0.3786.

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A Simple model has been developed with the plausible asumptions, and current terms that thundercloud are set up during thunderstorm activities . The electric field is then estimated for various values of RC time constant for field growth after lightning discharges as observed in the recovery curves of electric field recorded at ground level in Kathmandu Valley.Key words: Plausible asumptions; Thundercloud; Ground level ; Kathmandu ValleyTribhuvan University Journal Volume XVI, 1993Page: 12-18Uploaded date: 3 October, 2010

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4

Amoruso, V., and F. Lattarulo. "Thundercloud pre-stroke electrostatic modeling." Journal of Electrostatics 56, no. 2 (September 2002): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3886(02)00070-0.

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5

Tennakone, K., and Prabath Hewageegana. "A model for Thundercloud Charge Separation." Sri Lankan Journal of Physics 13, no. 2 (April 19, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljp.v13i2.5432.

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6

Wang, Lin, Haojiang Wan, and Yazhou Chen. "Approximate Calculation and Feature Analysis of Electric Field in Space by Thunderclouds." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1827619.

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The calculation of electric field in space excited by thunderclouds is an important basis for lightning warning and protection. In numerical calculation of the electromagnetic field, it is often necessary to perform multiple loop nesting calculations on several triple integrals, which consume a lot of computing resources. In order to shorten the calculation time and improve the calculation efficiency, the electric field excited by the charged thunderclouds in space is theoretically derived with the analytical method by the thundercloud cylindrical charge pile model and based on the electrostatic field theory. The complex integrand function is approximated, so that the analytic expression of electric field in space is obtained in this paper. Through simulation and comparison, it is found that the approximate solution and the exact solution are similar in size, the change trend is the same, and the approximate analytical expression can be used for the approximate calculation of the electric field in a short range. Under certain conditions, the approximate solution can be converted into an accurate solution, which can be used for the accurate calculation of the electric field. Approximate calculation not only simplifies theoretical derivation but also improves calculation efficiency. The calculation time has been shortened from tens of hours to less than one second by using different calculation methods, which is a difference of 7 orders of magnitude. With approximate analytical expression, the electric field excited by charge pile with typical structures in thunderclouds in space is calculated and the characteristics of that are analyzed in this paper. For lightning protection of mobile targets, approximate calculation is of great significance in shortening the lightning warning time and enhancing the protection effect.

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7

Pasko, Victor P., Umran S. Inan, and Timothy F. Bell. "Ionospheric effects due to electrostatic thundercloud fields." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, no. 7-9 (May 1998): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00022-4.

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8

Sapkota, B. K., and N. C. Varshneya. "Electrification of thundercloud by an entrainment mechanism." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 39, no. 3-4 (1988): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01030299.

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9

Takeuti, Tosio, Zen-Ichiro Kawasaki, Kazuki Funaki, Nobuichiro Kitagawa, and Jostein Huse. "On the Thundercloud Producing the Positive Ground Flashes." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 63, no. 2 (1985): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.63.2_354.

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10

Singh, Pratap, T. S. Verma, and N. C. Varshneya. "Effect of Thundercloud Motion of Its Microphysical Processes." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 64, no. 2 (1986): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.64.2_311.

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11

Su, H. T., R. R. Hsu, A. B. Chen, Y. C. Wang, W. S. Hsiao, W. C. Lai, L. C. Lee, M. Sato, and H. Fukunishi. "Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere." Nature 423, no. 6943 (June 2003): 974–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01759.

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12

Soula, S., and S. Chauzy. "Charge transfer by precipitation between thundercloud and ground." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 102, no. D10 (May 1, 1997): 11061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jd00007.

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13

Miller, Katherine, Alan Gadian, Clive Saunders, John Latham, and Hugh Christian. "Modelling and observations of thundercloud electrification and lightning." Atmospheric Research 58, no. 2 (July 2001): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(01)00089-8.

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14

Babich, L. P., E. I. Bochkov, I. M. Kutsyk, T. Neubert, and O. Chanrion. "Positive streamer initiation from raindrops in thundercloud fields." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121, no. 11 (June 9, 2016): 6393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016jd024901.

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15

Yair, Yoav, Zev Levin, and Shalva Tzivion. "Microphysical Processes and Dynamics of a Jovian Thundercloud." Icarus 114, no. 2 (April 1995): 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1062.

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16

Raizer, Yu P., G. M. Milikh, M. N. Shneider, and S. V. Novakovski. "Long streamers in the upper atmosphere above thundercloud." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 31, no. 22 (November 21, 1998): 3255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/31/22/014.

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17

Jungwirth, Pavel, Daniel Rosenfeld, and Victoria Buch. "A possible new molecular mechanism of thundercloud electrification." Atmospheric Research 76, no. 1-4 (July 2005): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.016.

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18

Molchanov, O. "ELECTRIC FIELD FROM THUNDERCLOUD IN THE CONDUCTIVE ATMOSPHERE." Journal of Atmospheric Electricity 19, no. 2 (1999): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/jae.19.87.

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19

Kumykov, Tembulat. "Charge Density Distribution Model in Self-Organizing Cloud." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019601002.

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The paper considers a charge distribution model in a thundercloud presenting a self-organizing system in view of its fractal structure. An analytical solution to the model equation is obtained. Using numerical calculations, the distribution of charges in the fractal medium is shown and a comparative analysis of the existing models is carried out.

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20

Tantisattayakul, Thanapol, Iwao Kitamura, Tadakuni Murai, Katsumi Masugata, and Koichiro Kami. "Estimation of Thundercloud Direction by Horizontal Electric Field Meters." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 124, no. 1 (2004): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.124.121.

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21

Nisbet, John S. "Thundercloud current determination from measurements at the Earth's surface." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, no. D3 (1985): 5840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd090id03p05840.

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22

Cai, Qiheng, Jaroslav Jánský, and Victor P. Pasko. "Initiation of positive streamer corona in low thundercloud fields." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 11 (June 3, 2017): 5758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073107.

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23

Vellinov, P. I., and P. T. Tonev. "Penetration of multipole thundercloud electric fields into the ionosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 56, no. 3 (March 1994): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)90216-x.

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24

Gan, Zheng Ning. "Simulation of the Discharge Path in Discharge Process from Thundercloud to Ground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.948.

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Based on fractal theory and WZ model of gas discharge, The spacial temporal behavior in discharge process from Thundercloud to Ground was simulated efficiently. Moreover, we discussed the probability index and the field intensity of the discharge path and their influence on the fractal dimension and the discharge path., and pointed out that the research should focus on the relation between the probability index and the fractal dimension.

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25

Gurevich, A. V., H. C. Carlson, Yu V. Medvedev, and K. P. Zybin. "Kinetic theory of runaway breakdown in inhomogeneous thundercloud electric field." Physics Letters A 282, no. 3 (April 2001): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(01)00108-6.

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26

Pasko, V. P., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell. "Blue jets produced by quasi-electrostatic pre-discharge thundercloud fields." Geophysical Research Letters 23, no. 3 (February 1, 1996): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96gl00149.

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27

Scavuzzo, C. M., S. Masuelli, G. M. Caranti, and E. R. Williams. "A numerical study of thundercloud electrification by graupel-crystal collisions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 103, no. D12 (June 1, 1998): 13963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jd03734.

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28

Wada, Y., G. S. Bowers, T. Enoto, M. Kamogawa, Y. Nakamura, T. Morimoto, D. M. Smith, et al. "Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 11 (June 9, 2018): 5700–5707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077784.

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29

Pasko, Victor P., Mark A. Stanley, John D. Mathews, Umran S. Inan, and Troy G. Wood. "Electrical discharge from a thundercloud top to the lower ionosphere." Nature 416, no. 6877 (March 2002): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416152a.

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30

Yoshihashi, Sachiko, Zen-Ichirou Kawasaki, Kenji Matsu-ura, Nobuyuki Takagi, and Teiji Watanabe. "Lightning activity during winter thunderstorm and leader progression in thundercloud." Electrical Engineering in Japan 133, no. 4 (2000): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6416(200012)133:4<71::aid-eej9>3.0.co;2-n.

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31

Yoshihashi, Sachiko, Zen-Ichirou Kawasaki, Kenji Matsu-ura, Nobuyuki Takagi, and Teiji Watanabe. "Lightning Activity During Winter Thunderstorm and Leader Progression in Thundercloud." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 119, no. 3 (1999): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.119.3_375.

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32

Vonnegut, Bernard. "Importance of Evaporative Cooling in the Formation of Thundercloud Downdrafts." Journal of Applied Meteorology 35, no. 8 (August 1996): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<1378:ioecit>2.0.co;2.

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33

Velinov, P. I., and P. T. Tonev. "Modelling the penetration of thundercloud electric fields into the ionosphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 57, no. 6 (May 1995): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)e0016-g.

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34

Adhikari, Pitri Bhakta, and Bishal Bhandari. "Computation of Electric Field from Lighting Discharges." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 8, no. 9 (September 25, 2017): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2017.09.008.

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The electric fields due to lightning at ground was evaluated for static cases using the coulombs law. The concept of electrical image was developed considering ground as a conducting grounded plane. A tri-pole model for the charge structure of thundercloud was developed and electric fields due to such cloud structure were evaluated. Variations of electric fields due to distance were assessed and the expression of reversal distance was introduced. The graph describing the reversal distance from lightning was introduced.

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35

G., Batmunkh. "«Луу унжих» домгийн аман сурвалжийн шинжилгээ (= Исследование устной версии легенды о «Луу унжих» (смерче))." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 15, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-3-15-174-188.

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The author in his article analyzes of the natural phenomenon that is reflected in oral legends named luu unzhikh (‘tornado’) on the materials of Mongolian Folklore samples and on the basis of the analysis of oral testimonies of the people who witnessed or heard about it, gives a scientific evaluation and specifies terminology. When analyzing the natural phenomenon that Mongols call luu unzhikh and reflect in legends it can be described as ‘a strong whirlwind that emerges in thundercloud, vertical to ground surface and sometimes detours irregular axis forming a vortex”.

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36

Sakurano, Hitoshi, Isao Hioki, Yukio Kito, and Kenji Horii. "Features of artificially triggered lightning viewed from magnitude of winter thundercloud." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 106, no. 8 (1986): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1972.106.685.

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37

Chubenko, A. P., I. V. Amurina, V. P. Antonova, M. M. Kokobaev, S. V. Kryukov, R. A. Nam, N. M. Nesterova, et al. "Effective growth of a number of cosmic ray electrons inside thundercloud." Physics Letters A 309, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(03)00062-8.

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38

Salem, Mohammad A., Ningyu Liu, and Hamid K. Rassoul. "Effects of small thundercloud electrostatic fields on the ionospheric density profile." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 6 (March 25, 2015): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063268.

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39

Riousset, Jeremy A., Victor P. Pasko, Paul R. Krehbiel, William Rison, and Mark A. Stanley. "Modeling of thundercloud screening charges: Implications for blue and gigantic jets." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 115, A1 (January 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009ja014286.

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40

Chilingarian, A., N. Bostanjyan, and T. Karapetyan. "On the possibility of location of radiation-emitting region in thundercloud." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 409 (February 1, 2013): 012217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/409/1/012217.

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41

Tong, Lizhu, Kenichi Nanbu, and Hiroshi Fukunishi. "Randomly Stepped Model for Upward Electrical Discharge from Top of Thundercloud." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 74, no. 4 (April 2005): 1093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.74.1093.

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42

Dwyer, Joseph R., Ningyu Liu, and Hamid K. Rassoul. "Properties of the thundercloud discharges responsible for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 15 (August 8, 2013): 4067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50742.

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43

Sakurano, Hitoshi, Yukio Kito, Shin-ichi Isozumi, and Toshiyuki Saida. "Hypothetical Proposal on Ground-Flash Points under Winter Thundercloud in Hokuriku District." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 111, no. 1 (1991): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.111.1_38.

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44

Baker, M. B., A. M. Blyth, H. J. Christian, J. Latham, K. L. Miller, and A. M. Gadian. "Relationships between lightning activity and various thundercloud parameters: satellite and modelling studies." Atmospheric Research 51, no. 3-4 (July 1999): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(99)00009-5.

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45

Pasko, V. P., U. S. Inan, and T. F. Bell. "Sprites as luminous columns of ionization produced by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields." Geophysical Research Letters 23, no. 6 (March 15, 1996): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96gl00473.

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46

Babich, L. P., and E. I. Bochkov. "Initiation of Positive Streamers near Uncharged Ice Hydrometeors in the Thundercloud Field." Plasma Physics Reports 44, no. 5 (May 2018): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x18050033.

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47

Babich, L. P., E. I. Bochkov, and I. M. Kutsyk. "Source of runaway electrons in a thundercloud field caused by cosmic radiation." Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 47, no. 5 (October 2007): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0016793207050167.

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48

Shepetov, A. L., T. Kh Sadykov, K. M. Mukashev, L. I. Vildanova, A. D. Muradov, O. A. Novolodskaya, and M. E. Alieva. "THE GEANT4 SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRON-PHOTON AVALANCHE DEVELOPMENT IN THUNDERCLOUD ATMOSPHERE." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1, no. 433 (February 15, 2019): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-170x.4.

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49

Babich, L. P., E. I. Bochkov, I. M. Kutsyk, and T. Neubert. "Numerical simulation of positive streamer development in thundercloud field enhanced near raindrops." JETP Letters 103, no. 7 (April 2016): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364016070031.

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50

Tong, Lizhu, Kenichi Nanbu, Yasutaka Hiraki, and Hiroshi Fukunishi. "Particle Modeling of the Electrical Discharge in the Upper Atmosphere above Thundercloud." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73, no. 9 (September 15, 2004): 2438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.73.2438.

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