Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thunderstorms

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Thunderstorms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Thunderstorms"

1

Nedostrelova, L. V., and V. V. Chumachenko. "Time distribution of thunderstorms observed at Odesa AMSC at the beginning of the 21st century." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 27 (June 30, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.27.2021.02.

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The article presents the results of the research of thunderstorm activity at Odesa AMSC for the period of 2000-2019. Under conditions of intense warming, thunderstorm activity responds to the changes of temperature, humidity, radiation regime and atmospheric composition. Modern climate changes that are characterized by rising air temperatures have a decisive influence on the conditions under which dangerous weather phenomena are formed, thus monitoring of the thunderstorms formation in Ukraine is of great importance. The research includes the analysis of synoptic conditions of thunderstorm activity formation such as air-mass processes, frontal activity, and studies daily and daytime variability of the number of thunderstorm cases for the given period. The results of everyday meteorological observations of atmospheric phenomena conducted by Odesa AMSC within the period of 2000-2019 were used as input data to determine the characteristics of thunderstorm activity over city of Odesa. In order to identify the presence, time and duration of thunderstorm activity aviation weather diaries AV-6 were also reviewed. Certain synoptic materials were used to analyze the types of phenomena. Such materials include interactive database ARMsyn, surface synoptic charts for the periods of observation before and during the thunderstorms. It was established that during the period under study air-mass thunderstorms were formed in 370 cases of thunderstorm activity observed at the given observation post. Frontal thunderstorms occur less often: 241 cases over 20 years. The largest number of such thunderstorms is cold front thunderstorms amounting to 129 cases. 75 of them were identified as occlusion front thunderstorms. The least frequent were warm front thunderstorms – only 37 cases constituting 15% of the total number of frontal formations. During the studied period a total number of 620 thunderstorm cases was recorded, 195 of which are dry thunderstorms. Considerable attention is paid to the daily and daytime variability of thunderstorm cases number recorded by Odesa AMSC. With relation to the daily variation, more thunderstorms are observed during daytime amounting to 393 cases, 130 of which are dry thunderstorms. Night thunderstorms amount to 227 cases, 65 of which are dry thunderstorms. With relation to daytime distribution, more thunderstorms were detected in the afternoon.
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MANOHAR, G. K., and A. P. KESARKAR. "Climatology of thunderstorm activity over the Indian region : II. Spatial distribution." MAUSAM 55, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v55i1.854.

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Thunderstorms play important roles in many areas of information about earth-atmosphere relationship. Inspite of this awareness of importance of thunderstorms, it is noted that studies about thunderstorms over India received little attention in the past. Latest (IMD, 1999) climatological monthly data of number of thunderstorm days (Thn), rainy days (Tnr), and rainfall amount (Trr) for 276 Indian observatory stations are analyzed, over 11 geographic regions comprising India, to examine relationship between these parameters. Analysis of Thn and Tnr data sets showed that in the premonsoon season major part of India is strongly dominated by frequent and widespread thunderstorms but with occasional rainy days. However, in the monsoon season on account of very large increase in the rainy days over the thunderstorm days, the Thn-Tnr relationship is reversed. The climatological feature of India in the premonsoon season is noted as a characteristic of cumulonimbus regime of continental convection, and the one in the monsoon season is termed as cumulonimbus regime of monsoonsal convection. The prominence of monsoonal convective regime is therefore very important in deciding the performance of Indian southwest monsoon. The analysis between Trr and Thn was carried out over 11 geographic regions of India in the four seasons of the annual period. Results pertaining to monsoon season showed that the contribution of thunderstorms to rainfall is highest among the other three seasons. It is inferred that thunderstorm’s rain contribution to monsoonal rainfall is significant.
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Morgenstern, Deborah, Isabell Stucke, Georg J. Mayr, Achim Zeileis, and Thorsten Simon. "Thunderstorm environments in Europe." Weather and Climate Dynamics 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-489-2023.

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Abstract. Meteorological environments favorable for thunderstorms are studied across Europe, including rare thunderstorm conditions from seasons with climatologically few thunderstorms. Using cluster analysis on ERA5 reanalysis data and EUCLID (European Cooperation for Lightning Detection) lightning data, two major thunderstorm environments are found: wind-field thunderstorms, characterized by increased wind speeds, high shear, strong large-scale vertical velocities, and low CAPE values compared to other thunderstorms in the same region, and mass-field thunderstorms, characterized by large CAPE values, high dew point temperatures, and elevated isotherm heights. Wind-field thunderstorms occur mainly in winter and more over the seas, while mass-field thunderstorms occur more frequently in summer and over the European mainland. Several sub-environments of these two major thunderstorm environments exist. Principal component analysis is used to identify four topographically distinct regions in Europe that share similar thunderstorm characteristics: the Mediterranean, Alpine–central, continental, and coastal regions, respectively. Based on these results it is possible to differentiate lightning conditions in different seasons from coarse reanalysis data without a static threshold or a seasonal criterion.
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Pineda, Nicolau, and Oriol Rodríguez. "ERA5 Reanalysis of Environments Conducive to Lightning-Ignited Wildfires in Catalonia." Atmosphere 14, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060936.

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In the climate change context, wildfires are an increasing hazard in the Mediterranean Basin, especially those triggered by lightning. Although lightning activity can be predicted with a reasonable level of confidence, the challenge remains in forecasting the thunderstorm’s probability of ignition. The present work aims to characterise the most suitable predictors to forecast lightning-ignited wildfires. Several ERA5 parameters were calculated and compared for two different samples, thunderstorm episodes that caused a wildfire (n = 961) and ordinary thunderstorms (n = 1023) that occurred in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) in the 2006–2020 period. Lightning wildfires are mostly associated with dry thunderstorms, characterised by: weak-to-moderate Mixed-Layer Convective Available Potential Energy (MLCAPE, 150–1100 J kg−1), significant Dew Point Depression at 850 hPa (DPD850, 3.3–10.1 °C), high Most-Unstable Lifted Condensation Level (MULCL, 580–1450 m) and steep 500–700 hPa Lapse Rate (LR, −7.0–−6.3 °C). Under these conditions, with relatively dry air at lower levels, thunderstorms tend to be high-based, the rain evaporating before reaching the ground and lightning occurring without significant rainfall. Specifically forecasting the probability of LIW occurrence would be of great assistance to the forest protection tactical decision-making process, preparing for “dry” thunderstorm days where multiple ignitions can be expected.
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Raupach, Timothy H., Andrey Martynov, Luca Nisi, Alessandro Hering, Yannick Barton, and Olivia Martius. "Object-based analysis of simulated thunderstorms in Switzerland: application and validation of automated thunderstorm tracking with simulation data." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): 6495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6495-2021.

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Abstract. We present a feasibility study for an object-based method to characterise thunderstorm properties in simulation data from convection-permitting weather models. An existing thunderstorm tracker, the Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis and Nowcasting (TITAN) algorithm, was applied to thunderstorms simulated by the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (AR-WRF) weather model at convection-permitting resolution for a domain centred on Switzerland. Three WRF microphysics parameterisations were tested. The results are compared to independent radar-based observations of thunderstorms derived using the MeteoSwiss Thunderstorms Radar Tracking (TRT) algorithm. TRT was specifically designed to track thunderstorms over the complex Alpine topography of Switzerland. The object-based approach produces statistics on the simulated thunderstorms that can be compared to object-based observation data. The results indicate that the simulations underestimated the occurrence of severe and very large hail compared to the observations. Other properties, including the number of storm cells per day, geographical storm hotspots, thunderstorm diurnal cycles, and storm movement directions and velocities, provide a reasonable match to the observations, which shows the feasibility of the technique for characterisation of simulated thunderstorms over complex terrain.
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CHAUDHURI, SUTAPA. "CHAOTIC GRAPH THEORY APPROACH FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY (CAPE) PATTERNS REQUIRED FOR THE GENESIS OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS." Advances in Complex Systems 10, no. 03 (September 2007): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907001215.

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Severe thunderstorms are a manifestation of deep convection. Conditional instability is known to be the mechanism by which thunderstorms are formed. The energy that drives conditional instability is convective available potential energy (CAPE), which is computed with radio sonde data at each pressure level. The purpose of the present paper is to identify the pattern or shape of CAPE required for the genesis of severe thunderstorms over Kolkata (22°32′N, 88°20′E) confined within the northeastern part (20°N to 24°N latitude, 85°E to 93°E longitude) of India. The method of chaotic graph theory is adopted for this purpose. Chaotic graphs of pressure levels and CAPE are formed for thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. Ranks of the adjacency matrices constituted with the union of chaotic graphs of pressure levels and CAPE are computed for thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. The results reveal that the rank of the adjacency matrix is maximum for non-thunderstorm days and a column with all zeros occurs very quickly on severe thunderstorms days. This indicates that CAPE loses connectivity with pressure levels very early on severe thunderstorm days, showing that for the genesis of severe thunderstorms over Kolkata short, and therefore broad, CAPE is preferred.
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Huryn, Steven, William Gough, Ken Butler, and Tanzina Mohsin. "An Evaluation of Thunderstorm Observations in Southern Ontario Using Automated Lightning Detection Data." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 9 (September 2015): 1837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0089.1.

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AbstractHigh-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and their associated hazards, are aspects of a changing climate that are likely to have an adverse effect on society. Southern Ontario is Canada’s most populated region as well as the region of Canada that receives the most thunderstorms. Before completing climatological studies of thunderstorms in southern Ontario, it is important to determine whether historical thunderstorm data are reliable. Archived thunderstorm data are available from eight 24-h-staffed weather stations across southern Ontario. The data may be subject to observer bias. This study compared the manual observations of thunderstorms with automated data from the Canadian Lightning Detection Network. It was found that the data that are based on the manual observations are reliable enough that any significant trends in thunderstorm occurrence over time should be apparent. Because of the small-scale nature of thunderstorms, however, the data may only be valid for small distances (up to 10 km) around each weather station. A diurnal bias was also discovered, with manual thunderstorm observations being slightly better at night.
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MUKHERJEE, A. K., G. ARUNACHALAM, and D. K. RAKSHIT. "A study of Thunderstorms around Gauhati Airport." MAUSAM 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v15i3.5557.

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Current weather observations of Gauhati Airport from 1955 to 1961 and radar observations of 1960 and 1961 have been analysed, Monthly frequency of days with thunder attains a maximum in May and remains practically steady during monsoon, During pre-monsoon, frequency of occurence of thunderstorms is highest during night and in monsoon and post-monsoon maximum frequency of thunderstorm occurs during afternoon, Analysis of radar observations reveals the profound influence of southern hills on the development of thunderstorms. During monsoon, thunderstorm activity follows closely the anabatic wind activity, No steering level could be found whose wind can be taken as guide for the movement of thunderstorms, However, during pre-monsoon, thunderstorms approach the station mostly from a westerly direction whereas during monsoon they come from south. In general, monsoon thunderstorms move slowly compared to pre-monsoon thunderstorms.
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Du, Yangxingyi, Dong Zheng, Ruiyang Ma, Yijun Zhang, Weitao Lyu, Wen Yao, Wenjuan Zhang, Luobu Ciren, and Deqing Cuomu. "Thunderstorm Activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Indicated by the Combined Data of the FY-2E Geostationary Satellite and WWLLN." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122855.

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Thunderstorm activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has important climatic effects and disaster impacts. Using the thunderstorm feature dataset (TFD) established based on the black body temperature (TBB) and cloud classification (CLC) products of the Fengyun-2E (FY-2E) geostationary satellite, as well as the lightning data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), the temporal and spatial distributions and some cloud properties of the thunderstorms over the QTP were analyzed. Approximately 93.9% and 82.7% of thunderstorms over the QTP occur from May to September and from 12 to 21 o’clock local time, and the corresponding peaks are in August and at 14:00, respectively. There are three centers featuring frequent thunderstorms in the southeast, south-central, and southwest regions of the QTP. The average thunderstorm cloud area (the region with TBB ≤ −32 °C) is 1.8 × 104 km2. Approximately 32.9% of thunderstorms have strong convective cells (SCCs) composed of areas with TBB ≤ −52 °C. The average number and area ratio of SCCs are 3.6 and 25.4%, respectively, and their spatial distribution is given. The average cloud area and the number and area ratio of SCCs of extreme-lightning thunderstorms (thunderstorms with the top 10% of lightning numbers) are approximately 30.0, 3.9, and 1.5 times those of normal thunderstorms. The spatial distribution of the thunderstorm activity is quite different from that of lightning activity given by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD) over the northeastern and southwestern QTP, which may mean that the convection intensity, cloud structure, and charge structure of the thunderstorms over the QTP are different between different regions and seasons.
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Mohiduddin, Md, Samshad Nowreen, Md Forhad Uddin, and Mallik Akram Hossain. "A geographical analysis of thunderstorms in southern Bangladesh." National Geographical Journal of India 67, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1779.

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Thunderstorm is one of the extreme devastating natural disasters, which causes death, injuries and adverse loss in agriculture, housing structure and domestic animals during the period of pre-monsoon and monsoon. Bangladesh is vulnerable to thunderstorm disasters due to its location and weather conditions. Rural people are severely affected by a thunderstorm. For this research, necessary data were collected from secondary as well as primary sources. Thunderstorm related information was randomly gathered from the 150 affected family members and close relatives. The study demonstrated that the working people especially farmers and school going students were severely affected. The research also identified impacts of thunderstorms on humans, types of damage and monetary loss. In terms of thunderstorm induced casualty, the number of death was higher than other casualties in the study area. This research also revealed that above 67 % of people succumbed to death by the thunderstorms which damaged crops, households, animals and trees. People in the study area also suffered from physical damage, for example, injuries to ears, eyes, and body. More than 37% of people faced hearing problems due to strikes of thunderstorms. The study also identified the risk factors responsible for the thunderstorms, such as lack of knowledge about a thunderstorm, outdoor activities, diurnal, and locational variation. Policymakers and planners will find insights from this research to mitigate the impact of thunderstorm disasters in rural Bangladesh.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thunderstorms"

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Gallagher, Frank Woolsey. "Green thunderstorms /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1997.

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Murphy, Martin Joseph 1970. "The electrification of Florida thunderstorms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290670.

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Six thunderstorms that occurred at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida, have been studied in an attempt to characterize their electrical structure and electrification. Ground-based measurements of the cloud electric fields, the locations of lightning VHF radio sources, cloud-to-ground lightning strike points, and dual-polarization radar data were used in this study. Changes in the electric field due to lightning were used to determine the locations and magnitudes of changes in cloud charge. The fields themselves were used to compute displacement current densities following lightning flashes. The altitudes of negative charge regions were between 6.5 and 8.5 km and were almost constant. The altitude of upper positive charge exhibited more variability, and usually increased as cells developed. Amounts of charge removed by lightning increased during each cell in large storms but were nearly constant during the early part of small storms. A lower positive charge center (LPCC) usually appeared in the fields before any other charge regions could be detected at the ground. A LPCC appeared to be involved in the initiation of the majority of CG flashes. During periods of lightning, a LPCC was sometimes created by a flash, but more typically, LPCCs were produced by a cloud charge separation process. Displacement current densities were used to estimate charge accumulation rates in the cloud. The rates derived for the main negative and upper positive charge regions were compared to the average rate of charge removal by lightning. The generation rates and average lightning currents each had values ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 A and were approximately equal within expected errors in single-cell storms. Once the storm was multicellular, however, the lightning current was larger than the cloud charging rate, possibly because lightning was removing residual charge from older cells. The cloud charging rates and average lightning currents were compared with the currents computed using a non-inductive ice-graupel charging mechanism and radar-derived cloud microphysical data. This mechanism provided currents that were comparable to the observed charging rates and lightning currents and appeared to be capable of producing the LPCC.
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Geis, Chad E. "Climate and weather analysis of Afghanistan thunderstorms." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5595.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Thunderstorms are a significant factor in the planning and execution of Defense (DoD) operations in Afghanistan, especially in the spring and summer. Skillful forecasting of Afghanistan thunderstorms has proven difficult, even at relatively short lead times of 24 hours or less. This has led to adverse effects on a wide range of DoD missions. One potential reason for the forecasting difficulties is a lack of understanding of the conditions that lead to static instability and thunderstorms in the elevated desert mountain environment that characterizes much of Afghanistan. Much of the thunderstorm forecasting for Afghanistan is based on forecasting methods developed for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)--for example, the use of CONUS-based static stability indices as indicators of the potential for thunderstorm development. We have investigated methods for improving thunderstorm forecasting in and near Kabul, Afghanistan, by: (1) analyzing interannual to hourly variations in thunderstorm activity; and (2) analyzing the large-scale conditions that are favorable and unfavorable for thunderstorms. We used in situ surface and radiosonde data to characterize the local conditions associated with thunderstorm variations. Our focus was on March-May, the period with the most thunderstorm activity in Kabul. We also used global reanalysis data to analyze the large-scale conditions that are favorable and unfavorable for thunderstorm development. We developed and tested two new static stability indices for use in Kabul. We also developed a large-scale circulation index to describe the regional factors that contribute to thunderstorm variations. Finally, we identified outgoing longwave radiation anomalies that occurred in specific tropical ocean basins as potential precursors for predicting thunderstorm and nonthunderstorm events at lead times of 5-15 days.
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Thornhill, Kenneth L. II. "An investigation of the environment surrounding supercell thunderstorms using wind profiler data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26958.

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Miller, Paul Wesley. "The Utility of Total Lightning in Diagnosing Single-cell Thunderstorm Severity in the Central Appalachian Mountains Region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56976.

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Recent severe weather research has examined the potential role of total lightning patterns in the severe thunderstorm warning-decision process although none to-date have examined these patterns in explicitly weak-shear environments. Total lightning flashes detected by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) during the 2012-13 convective seasons (1 May – 31 August) over a region of the Central Appalachian Mountains were clustered into likely discrete thunderstorms and subsequently classified as either single-cell or multicell/supercell storm modes. The classification of storms was determined using a storm index (SI) which was informed by current National Weather Service (NWS) identification techniques. The 36 days meeting the minimum threshold of lightning activity were divided into 24 lightning-defined (LD) single-cell thunderstorm days and 12 LD multicell/supercell days. LD single-cell days possessed statistically significant lower 0000 UTC 0-6 km wind shear (13.8 knots) than LD multicell/supercell days (26.5 knots) consistent with traditional expectations of single-cell and multicell/supercell environments respectively. The popular 2σ total lightning jump algorithm was applied to all flashes associated with 470 individual LD thunderstorms. The frequencies of the storms’ total lightning jumps were then compared against any associated severe weather reports as an accuracy assessment. The overall performance of the algorithm among both categories was much poorer than in previous studies. While probability of detections (POD) of the 2σ algorithm were comparable to previous research, false alarm rates (FAR) were much greater than previously documented. Given these results, the 2σ algorithm does not appear fit for operational use in a weak shear environment.
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Kozak, Steven Alexander. "Lightning strikes in Alberta thunderstorms, climatology and case studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ34385.pdf.

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Bahadoran, Baghbadorani Afsoon. "VR Based Aviation Training Application for Avoiding Severe Thunderstorms." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1627514676123053.

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Koshak, William John. "Analysis of lightning field changes produced by Florida thunderstorms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185259.

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An interactive computer program .has been developed to compute accurate values of lightning-caused changes in the cloud electric field (ΔE). The ΔE' s for individual discharges in eight Florida thunderstorms have been analyzed using a nonlinear, least-squares minimization procedure and point charge (Q) and point dipole (P) models of the change in cloud charge. The results indicate that the temporal and spatial behavior of the Q- and P- model parameters are similar to those reported previously by Koshak and Krider [1989]. In all storms, the high altitude P-vectors tend to point downward toward a narrow altitude band of Q-solutions that is centered at about 8 km; low altitude P-vectors tend to point upward toward the Q-region: and the P-vectors that are at the same altitude as the Q-solutions tend to be horizontal. Because there are inherent limitations in the above least-squares analysis method and models, a new, fundamentally different approach for analyzing lightning field changes has been developed. This method finds an optimum volume charge distribution on a grid of finite dimensions and resolution. with this linear approach, we now have the ability to describe complex field change patterns subject to a variety of external constraints. We also have a framework in which a standard eigenanalysis can be used to access the general information content of data and the effects of measurement errors. Tests of the linear method with simulated lightning sources show that a centroid of the lightning charge distribution can be retrieved to within the grid resolution (2 km) when a Landweber iterative algorithm is used. Tests on three natural lightning events show that there is good agreement with previous Q- and P- model solutions and a resonable result for one event that could not be described with either a Q- or a Pmodel.
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Maggio, Christopher Ross. "Estimations of lightning charge transfers in New Mexico thunderstorms and applications to lightning energy, thunderstorm generator currents, and above-cloud transient currents /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1609152051&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1245341216&clientId=22256.

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Knutsson, Lars. "Sprite observations over France in relation to their parent thunderstorm system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303775.

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As a part of the European research program CAL, sprite observations were carried out from the OMP observatory in the French Pyrenees during the summer 2003. Images of the sprites were taken by two remotely controlled CCD cameras. The 23 July was considered particularly interesting because we then had access to data concerning both cloud-to-ground and intracloud lightning activity. This day was therefore chosen as the object of the present study. A large thunderstorm with two convective cores, one to the north and the other to the south, developed over the South of France during the late afternoon, and about two hours after sunset, the first sprite was detected. During a little more than three hours, 13 sprites were observed, 7 over the northern system and 6 over the southern system. The images enabled us to determine the azimuth angle of each sprite from the OMP observatory. 12 of the 13 sprites could be associated to positive cloud-to-ground flashes, and by putting together the sprite directions and the locations of the associated flashes on the radar images, we managed to get a rough idea of the position of the sprites in the storm system, and also to estimate their vertical and horizontal extent. Satellite images were included at this point of the study, and it appeared clear that sprites tend to occur over the stratiform region of the storm system in the area with the coldest (highest) cloud tops. The associated positive flashes were also within or close to this portion of the storm. The sprite occurrences were studied in relation to the cloud-to-ground and to the intracloud activity. We found that sprites seem to occur in a late stage of each storm system, when the rate of negative cloud-to-ground flashes has considerably decreased, and when the ratio of positive cloud-to-ground flashes is much higher then during the most active phase of the storm. Globally, the intracloud activity is also low during the sprite-producing periods, but sudden "bursts" of intracloud lightning could frequently be observed at the moment of the sprite. The peak current of the positive flashes was found to be rather weakly correlated to their sprite-generating capacity. The available Schumann resonance measurements seem to indicate that the charge moment is a much more adequate parameter in this respect. The areal coverage of the radar echo was calculated. The result supports the idea that sprite events tend to appear almost exclusively over large thunderstorm systems.
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Books on the topic "Thunderstorms"

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Doeden, Matt. Thunderstorms. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 2008.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Thunderstorms. 2nd ed. Chicago: World Book, 2009.

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Bodden, Valerie. Thunderstorms. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2012.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Thunderstorms. Chicago: World Book, 2007.

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Mezzanotte, Jim. Thunderstorms. Pleasantville, NY: Weekly Reader, 2010.

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Inc, World Book, ed. Thunderstorms. 2nd ed. Chicago: World Book, 2009.

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Redmond, Jim. Thunderstorms. Oxford: Raintree, 2003.

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M, Sipiera Diane, ed. Thunderstorms. New York: Children's Press, 1998.

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William, Boyd. Ordinary thunderstorms. Rearsby: W.F. Howes Ltd., 2009.

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William, Boyd. Ordinary thunderstorms. London: Bloomsbury, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thunderstorms"

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Price, Colin. "Thunderstorms." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 1006. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_49.

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Rohli, Robert V., and Chunyan Li. "Thunderstorms." In Meteorology for Coastal Scientists, 243–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2_24.

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LaDochy, Stephen, and Michael Witiw. "Thunderstorms and Thunderstorm-Associated Severe Weather." In Fire and Rain, 143–62. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32273-0_10.

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Nauslar, Nicholas J., and Benjamin J. Hatchett. "Dry Thunderstorms." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_176-1.

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Nauslar, Nicholas J., and Benjamin J. Hatchett. "Dry Thunderstorms." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_176.

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Boerner, Herbert. "Thunderstorms and Lightning." In Ball Lightning, 57–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20783-0_7.

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Frydenlund, Marvin M. "Thundercells and Thunderstorms." In Lightning Protection for People and Property, 23–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6548-8_3.

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Williams, Jack. "Thunderstorms and Tornadoes." In The AMS Weather Book: The Ultimate Guide to America’s Weather, 176–203. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-55-3_8.

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Spiridonov, Vlado, and Mladjen Ćurić. "Thunderstorms, Lightning, and Tornadoes." In Fundamentals of Meteorology, 289–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52655-9_19.

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Brooks, H., C. Doswell, D. Dowell, R. Holle, B. Johns, D. Jorgenson, D. Schultz, et al. "Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes." In Handbook of Weather, Climate, and Water, 575–619. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721603.ch29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thunderstorms"

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Bohren, Craig F. "Green thunderstorms." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fl2.

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Green thunderstorms are observed occasionally. Only the severest thunderstorms are green. With one exception, they have received no scientific attention, experimental or theoretical. Fraser suggested that a thick thunderstorm provides a dark backdrop. Greenness is a consequence of reddened sunlight illuminating selective scatterers along the observer’s line of sight. Thus a thunderstorm is not green, it is a black backdrop for green airlight near sundown. An alternative explanation, more in accord with my observations, is that green thunderstorms may be a consequence of the intrinsic blueness of clouds because of absorption by pure water, liquid or ice. Most clouds are so thin that the light transmitted by them is not markedly colored because of absorption. Only the most massive clouds, large both vertically and horizontally, are thick enough to color incident sunlight upon transmission. If that incident light is reddened, the transmitted light can be perceptually green.
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Szuster, Piotr, and Joanna Kolodziej. "Convective Cells Algorithm For Storm Data Tracking." In 37th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2023-0535.

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Atmospheric conditions, such as thunderstorms, are significant factors that influence human activity. Harsh weather may severely impact both daily life and professional activities. Severe thunderstorms are a considerable hazard -- they can generate heavy rainfall, high winds, large hail and tornadoes. Tracking of thunderstorms is necessary to gain situational awareness - knowledge of present and future storm-related threats and their significance. Thunderstorms are weather phenomena associated with cumulonimbus clouds. Those clouds are formed in deep, moist convection and are composed of liquid and solid water particles. Weather radars can detect those particles. Cumulonimbus-related particle concentration areas are represented in weather radar data as convective cells, making that measurement technique useful for storm-tracking applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm for storm data tracking in the data fusion process. The algorithm has been tested with real data from the POLRAD weather radar network and upper-air observations. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been justified in the empirical analysis. The algorithm projections can be useful in generating weather warnings due to accurate projections of storm movement.
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Yasen, Mais Ziad Younes, Ruba Amjad Salameh Al-Jundi, and Nailah Shukri Aziz Al-Madi. "Optimized ANN-ABC for Thunderstorms Prediction." In 2017 International Conference on New Trends in Computing Sciences (ICTCS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictcs.2017.37.

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MAZUR, VLADISLAV. "Lightning initiation on aircraft in thunderstorms." In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-391.

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Wolf, Jean-Pierre. "Filament induced electric events in thunderstorms." In 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2008.4551848.

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Fullekrug, Martin. "Sprites and energetic radiation above thunderstorms." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6051053.

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"How thunderstorms appear in weather forecasts." In 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2021.i2.price.

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Shwehdi, M. H. "Lightning Thunderstorms Day Maps for Saudi Arabia." In 2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference (POWERCON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpst.2008.4745178.

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Kun, Tian, Guo Fengxia, and Yang Ning. "Forecasting the intensity of thunderstorms in Nanjing." In 2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apl.2011.6110164.

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Sihver, L., O. Ploc, K. Turek, M. Kákona, J. Kákona, J. Šlegl, I. Ambrožová, et al. "Measurements of Ionizing Radiation Generated in Thunderstorms." In 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115668.

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Reports on the topic "Thunderstorms"

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Lay, Erin H. Ionospheric effects of thunderstorms and lightning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119585.

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Kendrick, Alexander K., Erin H. Lay, and Xuan-Min Shao. Total Electron Content Variation over Thunderstorms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1091864.

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Peterson, Michael. The Thunderstorms with the Greatest Lightning Densities on Earth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2375837.

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Lay, Erin Hoffmann. Ionospheric acoustic and gravity wave activity above low-latitude thunderstorms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1341848.

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Peterson, Michael. Oddities in Lightning Measurements from Space Reveal Extreme Flashes and Thunderstorms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1968195.

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Latham, John. The Initiation of Lightning and the Growth of Electric Fields in Thunderstorms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280033.

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King, Kenneth E. Operation Desert Shield: Thunderstorms of Logistics: Did We Do Any Better During Post Cold War Interventions? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada467240.

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Baker, Marcia, and Robert Solomon. A Numerical Study of Thunderstorm Electrification: Initial Electrification and Thunderstorm Climatology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244638.

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ESA, ESA EOP-SM, and NASA SMD NASA. Exploring Earth’s Interface with Space – The Scientific Case for a Satellite Mission to the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere Transition Region. ESA, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-nasa.lti-sc.2024-07-v1.0.

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Exploring Earth’s Interface with Space – The Scientific Case for a Satellite Mission to the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere Transition Region SUMMARY This report describes the scientific case for a mission concept to study the Earth’s Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere – the LTI – which is the interface region between our atmosphere and space. The LTI is situated at altitudes between 100-200 km and is uniquely characterized by complex interactions between the co-existing neutral and ionized gases. The LTI receives and dissipates hundreds of gigajoules of energy every second from above due to solar wind interactions with our planet’s magnetosphere. Simultaneously, this region continuously receives energy and momentum input from below in the form of tides and gravity waves originating in the lower and middle atmosphere as well as impulsive input from thunderstorms, volcanoes, and earthquakes, whose energy content rivals that provided by the magnetosphere. The LTI responds dramatically to all of these driving forces producing large variations in many key properties, such as neutral and plasma number densities, motions, temperatures, and composition, as well as electric fields, conductivity, and currents. Importantly, the LTI also acts as a critical interface that subsequently regulates this energy transfer from the magnetosphere above and from the neutral atmosphere below.
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Kersh, Steve. Late March 2020 Tornadic Thunderstorm. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1777919.

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