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1
Lima, Flavia Afonso. "Estudo da expressão da proteína AIRE (autoimmune regulator) e dos componentes da via de sinalização Notch em timos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-04082011-150437/.
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O timo é o órgão linfóide primário responsável pelo estabelecimento inicial de um repertório funcional de células T. A via de sinalização Notch é essencial para o desenvolvimento de células T a partir de células-tronco hematopoiéticas, e a distribuição de seus receptores e ligantes no timo humano ainda é desconhecida. A expressão de AIRE é crucial para a seleção de um repertório de receptores de linfócitos T (TCR) sem autorreatividade. Neste estudo, analisamos o padrão de expressão de AIRE e a distribuição de Notch em timos pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas, parte dos quais com síndrome de Down. Descrevemos a localização intratímica e os tipos celulares capazes de expressar os diferentes receptores e ligantes Notch. A expressão de AIRE em células epiteliais medulares foi significantemente reduzida em timos de crianças com síndrome de Down, deficiência esta que pode explicar a alta incidência de doenças autoimunes nesta cromossomopatia.<br>The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ which is essential for the initial establishment of a functional repertoire of T cells. Notch signaling is crucial for T-cell lineage development from hematopoietic stem cells; however, distribution of Notch ligands and receptors in human thymus is still unknown. AIRE is crucial for the selection of a T-cell-receptor (TCR) repertoire purged of self-reactive specificities. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of AIRE and Notch in human thymuses from children with congenital cardiopathies that undergo heart surgery, part of whom with Down syndrome. We described the intra-thymic localization and the cell types that express Notch receptors and ligands. AIRE expression in medullary epithelial cells is significantly decreased in Down syndrome patients. This deficiency could explain higher incidence of autoimmune disease in Down syndrome.
2
Agreste, Fernanda Rodrigues. "Estudo quantitativo da vascularização do timo em cães." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-28062006-174523/.
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Durante a vida fetal e no período neonatal, o timo é órgão de grande importância imunológica e, anatomicamente é o maior órgão linfático e com alta atividade linfopoiética, constando como precursor da linfopoiese. No que diz respeito à irrigação do timo em cães, a literatura é escassa, visto que os autores quando se reportam ao assunto fazem-no na sua maioria de maneira genérica. Com isso, aspectos morfológicos como número de vasos, tamanho do órgão foram estudados considerando as variáveis sexo e faixas etárias. Para este estudo, foram utilizados 24 fetos de cães domésticos, sem raça definida, machos e fêmeas, divididos em quatro grupos etários. Os timos foram processados para o estudo da microscopia de luz, e as análises estereológicas foram realizadas utilizando o método do disector físico associado com o princípio de ConnEulor. O volume do órgão (Vref), comprimento, espessura e largura aumentaram gradativamente com o desenvolvimento, sendo maior nos machos do que nas fêmeas. As variáveis estereológicas analisadas (densidade de comprimento do vaso - Lv, comprimento do vaso - L, densidade de superfície de área - Sv, superfície de área - S, estimação da densidade numérica vascular ? Nv(vasc) número total de vasos no órgão - N (vasc) ), tiveram um aumento gradativo, sendo que o Lv foi maior nas fêmeas e as demais os machos apresentaram maior valor. Aumento na Nv(vasc) e N (vasc) foi observado nos animais do grupo IV.<br>During phoetal life and neonatal period, the thymus is the organ that has a wide immunological relevance and, anatomically speaking is the largest lymphoid organ presenting high limphopoietic activity presented as the predecessor of limphopoiesis. The literature about thymus irrigation in dogs is scarce, becouse most authors refer to the subject in a general way. Then, morphological aspects as number, shape, size, irrigation, and quantitative were study considering sexy and differents ages of development of the dogs. To the study, were used twenty-four fetus of the mongrel domestics dogs, males and females, divided into four different well defined aged groups (fetus 30, 40, 50 and 60 days). The thymus were processed for the light microscopy study, and the stereological analyses were done using the physical disector method associated with the ConnEulor principle. The volume of the organ, length, thickness and wide increased gradually with the development, in males is great that female. The stereological variables analysed (length density ? Lv, length od vascullar ? L, surface area density ? Sv, surface area ? S, vascullar number density ? N.v(vasc) , and vascullar total number - N. (vasc) ), had the gradual high, the Lv was more in female and the others variables were more in males. The rise of N.v(vasc) and N. (vasc) was observed on the group four animals.
3
Barroso, Camila Ercolini. "Estudo quantitativo da vascularização do timo em gatos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-13022008-115522/.
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O timo é um órgão de grande importância imunológica durante a vida fetal e no período neonatal, para que o indivíduo se torne imunocompetente. É considerado, anatomicamente, o maior órgão com alta atividade linfopoiética no indivíduo jovem. O timo dos gatos apresenta duas porções, torácica e cervical, onde cada uma delas apresenta um lobo direito e esquerdo em sua maioria. A maior contribuição vascular origina-se da artéria torácica interna esquerda e do tronco braquiocefálico. Possui coloração rósea-pálido, localizado em região de mediastino cranial, entre os pulmões e na base do coração a porção torácica, e a porção cervical estende-se além das costelas em sentido cranial localizada ventralmente a traquéia. Foram utilizados 12 fetos de gatos domésticos, sem raça definida, machos e fêmeas, divididos em três grupos. Os timos foram processados para o estudo da microscopia de luz, e as análises estereológicas foram realizadas utilizando o método disector físico associado com o princípio de ConnEuler. As variações de volume, comprimento, espessura e largura de maneira geral apresentaram aumento conforme o desenvolvimento dos animais, com diferenças entre os sexos. As medidas estereológicas relativas a densidade numérica vascular (Nv(vasc)) apresentam-se maiores nas fêmea, ocorrendo uma diminuição gradativa e o número total de vasos no órgão (N(vasc)) apresentou valores maiores nos machos com uma diminuição gradual. A estimação da densidade do comprimento do vaso (Lv) e da densidade de superfície de área (Sv) apresentaram diminuição aos 45 dias de idade, e a densidade do comprimento do vaso (Lv) apresentou valor maior nos machos de 35 e 55 dias, enquanto que na densidade de superfície de área (Sv) os valores variaram entre os sexos.<br>During the phoetal life and neonatal period, the thymus has a great importance to became an individual healthy. Anatomically is the largest organ with high limphopoietic activity in young individual. The cat thymus presents two portions, thoracic and cervical, where each one of them presents a right and left lobe at the most. The major contribution initiates from the inner thoracic artery and from braquicephalicus trunk. The organ presents pink-pale color, located in region of cranial mediastine, between lungs and at the base of the heart; the thoracic portion and the cervical extend beyond the ribs located ventrally to the trachea. For this study were used twelve fetus of the mongrel domestic cats, males and females, divided into three groups. The thymus were processed for the light-microscopy, and the stereological analyses were done using the physical disector method associated with the ConnEuler principle. The volume of the organ, lenght, thickness and wide increased gradually with the development, with diferences between sex. The stereological variables related to vascular number density (Nv(vasc)) were greater in females, decreasing gradually and the vascullar total number (N(vasc)) were greater in males decreasing gradually. The lenght density (Lv) and the surface area density showed decreasing at forty-five days old, and the lenght density were greater in males ate thirty-five and fifty-five days old, while the surface area density the values were varied between sex.
4
Roxanis, Ioannis. "Studies in the thymus of early-onset myasthenia gravis patients." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301233.
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Gillard, Geoffrey Oliver. "Developmental mechanisms regulate the generation and maintenance of mTEC heterogeneity and peripheral antigen expression /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8318.
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Stolzer, Amy L. "Direct visualization of T cell development and lineage commitment in the thymus /." Access full-text from WCMC:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432805041&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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7
Olsson, Tommy. "Endocrine studies in stroke patients." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101772.
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There are a number of links between the endocrine system and the nervous system. In this study, the impact of ischemic stroke on the endocrine system was investigated. Elderly volunteers were studied because data regarding the influence of advanced age on endocrine parameters were lacking. Only small differences in pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal hormone axes were found between two groups of elderly patients, 60 and 80 years of age. The 80-year-old age group had a lower thyrotropin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a decline in dopamine excretion. Patients with acute ischemic stroke showed a pronounced hypercortisolism studied by the dexamethasone test and urine free cortisol measurements. In multiple regression analyses, postdexamethasone cortisol levels were positively correlated to proximity of the lesion to the frontal pole of the brain and disorientation. Urine cortisol levels were predicted by limb paresis, disorientation and body temperature. High cortisol excretion was associated with a worse functional outcome. Norepinephrine excretion was correlated to urine cortisol levels and to motor impairment. Patients with acute stroke had elevated free thyroxin indices. A paradoxical growth hormone response to TRH was found in the majority of stroke patients. In a multiple regression model disorientation was negatively correlated to thyrotropin response after TRH and positively correlated to prolactin response. Growth hormone response to TRH was associated with extensive paresis. In a cohort study diabetic and non-diabetic patients were prospectively studied after an initial stroke. Diabetes mellitus adversely influenced survival, the risk for a recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction.<br><p>S. 1-66: sammanfattning, s. 69-190: 6 uppsatser</p><br>digitalisering@umu
8
Watts, Julian Daniel. "Thymic hormones : structure and function." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328160.
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Pow, D. V. "Comparative ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on nerve terminals and endocrine gland cells." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374138.
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Grubin, Catherine E. "A critical role for peptides in positive selection of MHC class II restricted CD4+ T cells /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8313.
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Li, Samantha. "The importance of the intracytoplasmic domain of CD3 epsilon in thymocyte development /." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116027.
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The development of T cells in the thymus is a tightly regulated process. Any defect in thymic differentiation could result in autoimmune disorders, inability to ward off infections or neoplasm. Early thymocyte development requires signals mediated through the preTCR complex by the associated CD3 chains (gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta). Research conducted towards this project has revealed that signaling modules within the intracytoplasmic domain of CD3epsilon is absolutely required for this process. Interestingly, our results emphasized the importance of the proline-rich sequence motif in preTCR mediated signaling events, such as the proliferation of double negative thymocytes and the regulation of TCR surface expression on double positive thymocytes in a stage-specific manner. The outcomes of this project may provide a better understanding of the mechanism of preTCR-mediated thymocyte differentiation and the role of CD3 chains in these processes.
12
Newey, Paul J. "The role of the tumour suppressor proteins, parafibromin and menin, in endocrine tumourigenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711613.
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Kölare, Susanne. "Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs with special reference to proliferation and differentiation." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20784737.html.
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Palumbo, Michael O. "Identification, isolation and characterization of proinsulin producing thymic cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103277.
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The finding that more than 152 tissue-restricted antigens are expressed by thymic medullary epithelial cells is redefining the importance of thymic central tolerance induction in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. One of the tissue-restricted antigens in the thymus is proinsulin, and in both mice and humans, reduced thymic proinsulin levels have been shown to predispose to Type 1 diabetes. Using transgenic mice expressing a functional beta-Galactosidase gene under the regulation of the Ins2 promoter we have determined that between 1-3% of all medullary thymic epithelial cells express proinsulin and that these cells are frequently part of the Hassall's Corpuscles like structures in mice. Using a cross between the beta-Galactosidase expressing mice and Immortomice (expressing SV40 large T Antigen under the regulation of the MHC I promoter), we have isolated and cultured two proinsulin and two non-proinsulin producing medullary epithelial cell lines. Microarray analysis and RT-PCR analysis of the cell lines revealed the over-expression of approximately 50 genes (>4 fold or more) in the proinsulin producing lineage, versus the non proinsulin producing lineage, and approximately half the over-expressed genes can be considered tissue-restricted antigens. We do not find any evidence for chromosomal clustering of the over-expressed genes nor do we report the expression of any other pancreatic n-cell antigens or specific pancreatic proinsulin regulatory proteins (Pdx-1, Glut-2 or GCK) within the proinsulin producing cell lines but we do detect their expression in whole thymus. Our results suggest that chromosomal clustering is not a phenomenon associated with thymic tissue-restricted antigen expression and that the mechanisms allowing for thymic tissue-restricted antigen expression are not related to the expression mechanisms of such antigens in peripheral tissues.
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Dwyer, Virginia Michelle Gregory 1955. "A STUDY OF PINEAL GLAND POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS BY POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING (PAG-IEF) AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS (2DE) (BRAIN REGIONS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276560.
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Lessey, Andrew James. "The role of C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) on pituitary development and body growth in zebrafish : molecular investigations of neuroendocrine development." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701675.
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Hindman, Andrea R. "The mechanisms of BPA exposure and in the developing mammary gland." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503321233777122.
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Goudet, Pierre. "Le syndrome de Wermer ou neoplasie endocrinienne multiple de type 1 : étude clinique et des pratique de soins de la cohorte du groupe des tumeurs endocrines." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU06.
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La néoplastie endocrinienne multiple de type I est une maladie autosomique dominante rare associant diversement et principalement une hyperparathyroi͏̈die, une lésion hypophysaire et une lésion pancréatique. Les 580 patients présentés forment la plus grande cohorte connue. Les éléments suivants ont été mis en évidence : impact imprévu de l'hyperparathyroi͏̈die sur la survie, rareté mais agressivité des atteintes thymiques strictement masculines, taille importante et résistance thérapeutique des adénomes hypophysaires, nécessité de traiter l'hyperparathyroi͏̈die par parathyroi͏̈dectomie subtotale dans tous les cas, de traiter les insulinomes par pancréatectomie gauche avec énucléations céphaliques, utopie de vouloir contrôler la sécrétion acide des gastrinomes par la chirurgie. Enfin, la thymectomie préventive n'est pas la garante de l'apparition ultérieure d'une tumeur thymique. La qualité de la prise en charge de chaque atteinte s'est améliorée au cours du temps tout comme la survie.
19
Krown, Kevin Alan. "Pituitary changes in force-molted hens." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185205.
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The effect of forced molt on pituitary function and other endocrine parameters was investigated in three year old hens subjected to a dietary forced molting procedure. In addition to molting, fasting caused cessation of egg production, body and organ weight loss, alterations in hormone secretion and morphological changes in some endocrine glands. Body and ovary weights decreased but returned to normal with ad libitum feeding. Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal weights were not affected but serum hormone levels measured by RIA revealed a decrease in LH, FSH and PRL and increases in TSH, T₃ and GH all of which returned to higher levels with ad libitum feeding. Serum P₄ levels remained low (and egg-laying stopped) until ad libitum feeding was resumed and then increased and egg-laying returned to a typically productive level. Serum ACTH and T₄ increased with fasting and remained elevated. Gonadotrophs and corticotrophs increased in numbers with fasting and/or food restriction but thyrotrophs, somatotrophs and lactotrophs decreased. Correlations between cell populations and serum hormone levels was quite common. Colloid-filled follicles resembling a hypertrophic thyroid gland occurred throughout the pituitary pars distalis. Granules appear to be discharged into the follicular lumen through exocytotic pores in the apical plasmalemma of follicular cells. Lactotrophs, corticotrophs and somatotrophs are commonly arranged in follicles or clusters. PRL-containing granules are in the center of some follicles and are concentrated near pituitary cysts. Pituitary cysts, lined with ciliated epithelium and sparse mucous cells, are more prevalent in fasted hens and decline with the resumption of feeding. Reduced lactotroph populations and presumptively degenerated lactotrophs in cyst lumens are correlated with reduced serum PRL levels. Necrotic cells occurred in the pituitary parenchyma of fasted birds but dilated RER in the thyrotrophs of fasted hens indicate enhanced activity of these cells. Ultrastructural evidence presented here indicates that pituitary secretion by lactotrophs occurs both intraluminally and perivascularly.
20
Pazirandeh, Ahmad. "Glucocorticoids in the development and homeostasis of T lymphocytes /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-267-1.
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Cheung, Chung-yan. "Effects of endocrine manipulation on the peptide levels and the gene expression of [beta]-endorphin, met-enkephalin, somatostatin, substance P and cholecystokinin in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31220575.
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Cheung, Chung-yan. "Effects of endocrine manipulation on the peptide levels and the gene expression of b-endorphin, met-enkephalin, somatostatin, substance P and cholecystokinin in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21038272.
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Anthony, Craig L. "The Pineal Gland, via Melatonin, Protects DNA, Coordinates the Endocrine System with the Immune System and Controls the Timing of Reproduction." VCU Scholars Compass, 2001. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4342.
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The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) with a circadian rhythm. This secretion's rhythm becomes disrupted with age. When melatonin secretion is decreased with advanced age, the immune, endocrine and reproductive systems fail to function optimally. Melatonin possesses lipophilic and anti-oxidant properties, providing it with access to nuclei. Melatonin protects the DNA, preventing cancerous mutation. Hippocampal degeneration and age increase and prolong the adrenocortical responses to stress. Melatonin supplementation reduces the prolonged exposure to harmful hormones.
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張頌恩 and Chung-yan Cheung. "Effects of endocrine manipulation on the peptide levels and the gene expression of {221}-endorphin, met-enkephalin, somatostatin, substanceP and cholecystokinin in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220575.
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Ghebrealfa, Kahsai Negassi. "Chemical characterisation of the uropygial secretion of Rhinopomastus cyanomelas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53731.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The uropygial gland of most birds produces a variety of hydrocarbons,
lipids, waxes, fatty acids, alcohols and other organic compounds. These
compounds have two widely recognized functions, viz. they are considered
essential for the maintenance of a good plumage condition, and may be used
for fungicidal, bactericidal or other hygienic purposes.
Scimitar-billed woodhoopoes, Rhinopomastus cyanomelas, are groupterritorial
birds that live in groups comprising between two and twelve
individuals. Individuals enter the roost cavities shortly after sunset and exit the
following morning soon after sunrise. During the period that the birds are
inside the roost, they are vulnerable to a range of vertebrate predators,
including snakes, genets and rats. When disturbed while roosting,
woodhoopoes immediately face away from the threat hence presenting their
uropygial glands in the direction of the threat. Typically, a drop of brown, highly
pungent secretion is then formed at the tip of the papilla to the uropygial gland,
and kept in place by a few tuft-like feathers. This response pattern has led
some observers to believe that the secretion serves an anti-predatory role. It
has been found that the synthetic volatile constituents of the uropygial
secretion of the green woodhoopoe, P. purpureus, individually or as a mixture,
have potent defensive properties against feline and reptilian predators. In
addition, the compounds also showed activity against a range of bacteria.
The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition
of the uropygial secretion of the scimitar-billed woodhoopoe, Rhinopomastus
cyanomelas, as a first step towards the evaluation of, inter alia, the
semiochemical function of the secretion. Using gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, 179 constituents of the uropygial secretion of the scimitar-billed
woodhoopoe have been identified. The majority of the constituents of the
secretion are branched and unbranched aldehydes (aliphatic and aromatic),
acids (aliphatic and aromatic), sulfides and ketones. This group of volatile
compounds is responsible for the obnoxious odour of the secretion and possibly also for its defensive action against predators. The secretion also
contains a large number of branched and unbranched alkanes and wax esters.
The chemical composition of the secretion was compared with the
secretion of P. purpureus as well as with that of the hoopoe, Upupa africana.
The uropygial gland secretion of the scimitar-billed woodhoopoe is quite
similar to that of the green woodhoopoe, although it is much more complex
than that of the green woodhoopoe. In contrast to the uropygial secretions of
the green and the scimitar-billed woodhoopoes, the secretion of Upupa
africana does not have a strongly obnoxious odour and it also does not contain
large quantities of alkanes and wax esters.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uropigiale klier van die meeste voëls produseer 'n verskeidenheid
van koolwaterstowwe, lipiede, was-esters, vetsure, alkohole en ander
organiese verbindings. Hierdie verbindings het twee algemeen erkende
funksies, naamlik die instandhouding van die goeie kondisie van die vere, en
'n swam- en kiemdodende werking.
Swartbekkakelaars (Engels: scimitar-billed woodhoopoes ),
Rhinopomastus cyanomelas, is groep-territoriale voëls wat in groepe van
tussen twee en twaalf saam woon. Individue gaan hul neste net na sononder
binne en verlaat dit weer die volgende oggend net na sonsopkoms. Terwyl die
voëls binne die neste is, is hulle kwesbaar ten opsigte van aanval deur
verskeie gewerwelde roofdiere, insluitende slange, muskeljaatkatte en rotte.
Wanneer hulle in hul neste gesteur word, sal kakelaars onmiddellik wegdraai
van die bedreiging sodat die uropigiale klier in die rigting van die bedreiging
gekeer is. 'n Druppel bruin, uiters onwelriekende afskeiding vorm dan by die
punt van die papil na die uropigiale klier, en word in posisie gehou deur 'n
verekwassie. Hierdie gedragspatroon het aanleiding gegee tot die gedagte by
sommige waarnemers dat die afskeiding as afweerstof teen roofdiere dien.
Daar is gevind dat die sintetiese vlugtige komponente van die uropigiale
afskeiding van die groenkakelaar, P. purpureus, individueel of as 'n mengsel,
sterk afweer-eienskappe teen katte en reptiele toon. Daarbenewens het die
verbindings ook aktiwiteit getoon teen 'n reeks van bakterieë.
Die doel van die huidige studie was om die chemiese samestelling van
die uropigiale afskeiding van die swartbekkakelaar, Rhinopomastus
cyanomelas, te bepaal as 'n eerste stap met die oog op die evaluering van,
onder andere, die semiochemiese funksie van die afskeiding. Deur van
gaschromatografie-massaspektrometrie gebruik te maak, is 179 komponente
van die uropigiale afskeiding van die swartbekkakelaar geïdentifiseer. Die
meeste van die komponente is vertakte en onvertakte aldehiede (alifaties en
aromaties), sure (alifaties en aromaties), sulfiede en ketone. Hierdie groep
vlugtige verbindings is verantwoordelik vir die afstootlike reuk van die afskeiding en waarskynlik ook vir sy afweer-aksie teen roofdiere. Die
afskeiding bevat ook 'n groot aantal vertakte en onvertakte alkane en wasesters.
Die chemiese samestelling van die afskeiding is vergelyk met die van P.
purpureus sowel as dié van die hoepoe, Upupa africana. Die uropigiale
klierafskeiding van die swartbekkakelaar stem tot 'n groot mate ooreen met dié
van die groenkakelaar, alhoewel dit veel meer kompleks is as dié van die
groenkakelaar. In teenstelling met die uropigiale afskeidings van die groen- en
die swartbekkakelaars, het die afskeiding van Upupa africana nie 'n afstootlike
reuk nie en bevat dit ook nie groot hoeveelhede alkane en was-esters nie.
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Traboulsi, Wael. "Rôle de l’EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland Derived-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) dans le développement et la progression tumorale placentaire : cas du choriocarcinome." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV039/document.
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Le choriocarcinome est une tumeur trophoblastique hautement maligne qui se développe souvent suite à des grossesses molaires dénommées moles hydatiformes (MH). La progression d’une MH vers un choriocarcinome reste à ce jour non caractérisée. L’implication de facteurs angiogéniques dans ce processus a été proposée. Nous avons étudié le rôle d'un nouveau facteur angiogénique spécifique du placenta, l’EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-Derived Endothelial Growth Factor) dans la pathogenèse du choriocarcinome. EG-VEGF agit via deux récepteurs (RCPG), PROKR-1 et PROKR-2. Trois approches ont été utilisées pour vérifier cette hypothèse. Une approche clinique, utilisant des échantillons placentaires et des sera collectés chez des patientes MH (n = 38) et avec choriocarcinome (n = 3) et chez des femmes normales (n = 18), tous prélevés au cours du premier trimestre de la grossesse. Une approche in vitro, utilisant les cellules JEG3, lignée humaine de cellules de choriocarcinome et des cellules trophoblastiques normales du premier trimestre (CTN). Une approche in vivo qui a visé à développer un modèle animal du choriocarcinome qui a servi à l’étude de la progression du choriocarcinome. Les niveaux circulants d’EG-VEGF étaient significativement plus élevés dans les MH et le choriocarcinome comparés aux niveaux chez les patientes normales. Au niveau placentaire, à la fois les niveaux d’expression de l’EG-VEGF et ses récepteurs ont été augmentés. Dans les cellules JEG3, EG-VEGF augmente i) l'expression de PROKR-1 et PROKR-2, ii). La migration, l'invasion, la prolifération et la formation de sphéroïdes dans des systèmes de culture 2 et 3D. Ces effets étaient significativement diminués en présence des antagonistes des deux récepteurs, iii) la phosphorylation de diverses protéines impliquées dans la progression tumorale, ainsi que la sécrétion de MMP-2 et MMP-9. Le modèle de choriocarcinome a été développé par injection de cellules JEG3 en orthotopie dans le placenta de la souris SCID (brevet en cours). En 12 jours, les souris gestantes injectées ont développés un choriocarcinome qui a métastasé dans différents organes. L'injection des antagonistes des récepteurs de l’EG-VEGF réduit significativement le développement et la progression de la tumeur. Par ailleurs, nous avons caractérisé le mécanisme par lequel EG-VEGF contribuerait à la progression tumorale. Ce mécanisme implique le clivage de la protéine de la jonction endothéliale, la VE-Cadhérine, suite à sa phosphorylation sur tyrosine 685 par l’EG-VEGF. Au total, mon projet de thèse i) démontre l’implication directe de l’EG-VEGF dans le développement et la progression du choriocarcinome ii) élucide le mécanisme de cette progression et iii) propose une piste thérapeutique via l’antagonisation de ses récepteurs<br>Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor that often develop from molar pregnancies also called hydatidiform mole (HM). Nevertheless, HM progression towards choriocarcinoma remains uncharacterized. Involvement of angiogenic factors in this process is proposed. Here, we investigated the role of a new placental angiogenic factor, EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-Derived Endothelial Growth Factor) in choricarcinoma pathogenesis. EG-VEGF acts via two GPCR receptors PROKR-1 and PROKR-2. Three approaches were used to verify this hypothesis. A clinical approach using sera and placental samples collected from HM (n=38) and Choriocarcinoma patients (n=3) and from normal pregnant women (n=18); all collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. An In vitro approach using JEG3 cells, a human choriocarcinoma cell line and normal first trimester trophoblast cells (NTC). An in vivo approach that aimed at developing an animal model of choriocarcinoma in which therapeutic agents have been tested. Circulating EG-VEGF levels were significantly higher in HM and choriocarcinoma compared to normal patients. Placental EG-VEGF, PROKR1 and PROKR2 expression exhibited the same pattern. In JEG3 cells, EG-VEGF increased i) the expression of PROKR-1 and PROKR-2, ii). Their migration, proliferation invasion and spheroid formation using both 2 and 3D culture systems. These effects were abolished using PROKR1 and PROKR2 antagonists, iii) phosphorylation of different proteins involved in tumor progression as well as secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Choriocarcinoma model has been developed by injection of JEG3 cells orthotopically within the placenta of SCID mice (Patent in progress). Within 12 days, injected gravid mice developed a choricarcinoma that metastasis in multiple organs. Importantly, injection of EG-VEGF receptors antagonists significantly reduced tumor development and its progression. Also, we have characterized the mechanism by which EG-VEGF contributes to tumor progression. This mechanism involves the cleavage of the key junctional protein, the VE-cadherin, following its phosphorylation at the tyrosine 685, by EG-VEGF. In total my thesis project i) demonstrated the direct involvement of the EG-VEGF in the development and progression of choriocarcinoma ii) elucidated the mechanism of this progression and iii) proposes a potential therapeutic for choriocarcinoma through the antagonisation of its receptors
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Girasol, Alessandra. "A sinalização celular da leptina atraves da tirosina quinase Fyn." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310354.
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Orientador: Licio Augusto Velloso<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Muitos dos efeitos da leptina no sistema imune dependem de sua capacidade de modular a expressão de citocinas e a apoptose no timo. Surpreendentemente, alguns desses efeitos são dependentes de transdução de sinal através do IRS1/PI3-quinase, mas independentes da ativação da JAK2. Uma vez que todos os efeitos conhecidos da leptina em diferentes tipos celulares e tecidos parecem ser dependentes da ativação da JAK2, nós aventamos a hipótese de que, pelo menos para o controle da função tímica, outra quinase, até então desconhecida, poderia mediar a transdução do sinal da leptina através do ObR e pela cascata de sinalização do IRS1/PI3-quinase. Neste trabalho, mostramos que a tirosina quinase Fyn está constitutivamente associada ao ObR em células tímicas. Após um estímulo agudo por leptina, a Fyn é rapidamente fosforilada em tirosina, ativando-se e associando-se ao IRS1 de forma transiente. Todos estes efeitos são independentes da ativação da JAK2, e com a inibição da Fyn a transdução de sinal através do IRS1/PI3-quinase é abolida. Além disso, a inibição da Fyn modifica significativamente os efeitos da leptina sobra a expressão de citocinas no timo. Sendo assim, no timo, a Fyn atua como uma tirosina quinase que transduz o sinal da leptina independentemente da ativação da JAK2, e medeia alguns dos efeitos imunomodulatórios da leptina neste tecido<br>Abstract: Several effects of leptin in the immune system rely on its capacity to modulate cytokine expression and apoptosis in the thymus. Surprisingly, some of these effects are dependent on signal transduction through the IRS1/PI3-kinase, but not on the activation of JAK2. Since all the well known effects of leptin in different cell types and tissues seem to be dependent on JAK2 activation, we hypothesized that, at least for the control of thymic function, another, unknown kinase could mediate the transduction of the leptin signal from the ObR towards the IRS1/PI3-kinase signaling cascade. Here, we show that the tyrosine kinase Fyn is constitutively associated with the ObR in thymic cells. Following a leptin stimulus, Fyn undergoes an activating tyrosine phosphorylation and a transient association with IRS1. All these effects are independent on JAK2 activation and upon Fyn inhibition the signal transduction towards IRS1/PI3-kinase is abolished. In addition, the inhibition of Fyn significantly modifies the effects of leptin on thymic cytokine expression. Therefore, in the thymus, Fyn acts as a tyrosine kinase that transduces the leptin signal independently of JAK2 activation, and mediates some of the immunomodulatory effects of leptin in this tissue<br>Doutorado<br>Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento<br>Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica
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Nord, Brita. "Endocrine tumour development : with special focus on chromosome arms 1p and 11q /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-166-7.
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Larsson, Gunnel. "Quality of Life in Patients with Endocrine Gastrointestinal Tumours." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4916-6/.
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Hajjar, Julia. "The Effects of Gestational and Lactational Bisphenol A Exposure on Rat Pup Morphometric Measurements and on Adrenal Gland Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36163.
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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) are exogenous agents that mimic endogenous hormone activity in the body. EDC exposure during the critical period of neonatal development can potentially cause life-long neurological, behavioural and physiological disease. This thesis focuses on the EDC Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic xenoestrogen widely prevalent in everyday materials that has significant environmental relevance given its ubiquitous presence in humans around the world. The central research question of my thesis is: Does perinatal exposure to BPA affect rat pup development?
A rodent model was selected to study the effects of BPA on the adrenal component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) stress pathway, which has not been extensively studied. Rat dams were divided into five groups (vehicle control (VEH), positive control diethylstilbestrol (DES), BPA 5, BPA 50 and BPA 500 μg/kg bw/day) and dosed daily throughout gestation and for four days of lactation. Rat pups were sacrificed at two time-points at the beginning and the end of the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP), at postnatal day (PND) 5 and PND 15. Changes in three morphometric parameters (bodyweight, crown-rump (CR) length and anogenital distance (AGD) were assessed based on the factors of Treatment and Sex. Adrenal gland glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 18SrRNA expression was determined by qPCR in male pups at PND 5 and PND 15.
At PND 5, compared to the VEH group, the BPA 50 pups were significantly heavier (ANOVA, Dunnett’s post-hoc) and the DES and BPA 50 pups had significantly longer CR lengths (ANOVA, Dunnetts’ post-hoc). At PND 15, xenoestrogen treatment significantly influenced CR length (ANOVA). At both time-points, males had significantly longer AGD than females, as physiologically expected (ANOVA).
Adrenal gland GR expression in male pups was not significantly affected by treatment, but there was an effect of treatment in18SrRNA gene expression at PND 5 (Kruskal-Wallis). Using the Ct method to determine GR and 18SrRNA fold changes, we cautiously suggest that our experimental doses resulted in a non-monotonic dose response to BPA in the PND 5 animals and a monotonic dose response to BPA exposure in the PND 15 animals.
This study highly values the importance of investigating the effects of environmentally relevant, low dose BPA exposure during the critical window of development, given the little that is known about potentially permanent alterations to the stress pathway due to exposure during this delicate period of development.
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Lehar, Sophie M. "Tuning Notch signals in T cell development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8356.
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Barton, Gregory Methven. "Positive selection of CD4 T cells by specific peptide-MHC class II complexes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4994.
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Clarke, Raedun Laurie. "The signal transduction pathways initiated by CD8 during apoptosis of thymocytes /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Immunology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-251). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Williams, Julia Leigh. "Evidence of a thymic abnormality in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111617.
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The peripheral naive CD4 T cell pool is homeostatically regulated through a balance of thymic production, delivery of survival signals and homeostatic proliferation. CD4 recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) have a high T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content and express high levels of CD31. We report premature thymic involution in RRMS, initiated by reduced numbers of naive CD4 T cells and various naive CD4 T cell subsets in peripheral blood. Further, CXCR4, a receptor involved in emigration from the thymus, and CD127 and Bcl-2 (survival signals) are upregulated in various naive CD4 T cell subsets in RRMS. As a compensatory process, naive CD4 T cells undergo homeostatic proliferation. This proliferation is a form of peripheral positive selection through self-MHC/self-antigen interaction and thus can contribute to the expansion of autoreactive T cells and predispose to development of RRMS.
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Wong, Phillip. "Changing TCR recognition requirements at discrete stages of intrathymic CD4 T cell development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8351.
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Junior, Miguel Ferreira Mouta. "Aumento da sobrevida e diminuição da expressão de actina e fibronectina no timo, na sepse tratada com sobrenadante de explante de timo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-28012008-110041/.
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O timo secreta substâncias promotoras da sobrevivência de linfócitos e hormônios ligados à dinâmica do citoesqueleto. Esses agentes são produzidos em grande quantidade pelo animal recém-nato, e apresentam efeito homeostático sobre a população de linfócitos T circulantes, por toda a vida. Na sepse, a atrofia dos órgãos linfóides, o surgimento de acúmulos de actina intersticial, e a diminuição dos níveis de fibronectina plasmática guardam relação com a mortalidade. O trabalho aqui descrito procurou detectar o efeito do sobrenadante de cultura de timo de rato Wistar neonato, saudável, sobre a mortalidade e as expressões simultâneas de actina e fibronectina em timos de ratos Wistar adultos submetidos a sepse peritoneal. Foi constatada uma diminuição na expressão de actina e de fibronectina no interstício de timos de ratos Wistar adultos sépticos, tratados com a aplicação intraperitoneal do sobrenadante de explante de timo de ratos neonatos. Tal efeito provocou um aumento da sobrevivência semelhante ao tratamento com meio de cultura apenas ( sem explante), contudo houve uma notável melhora dos sinais clínicos . Não houve qualquer efeito anti-inflamatório, com o tratamento com o sobrenadante, sobre inflamação periférica em animais saudáveis submetidos a injeção intramuscular de glutaraldeído, o que afastou a hipótese de influência sobre a enzima tranglutaminase tecidual, ativada em estados inflamatórios , e responsável pela aglomeração intersticial, da actina originada de células lesadas. O autor concluiu que os efeitos observados pelo tratamento com sobrenadante de cultura de timo de animal recém-nato, podem ser atribuídos a estimulação de mecanismos promotores da integridade celular, frente aos estresses químicos vigentes no meio interno, durante a sepse. O autor sugere que a observação simultânea de actina e fibronectina no timo pode auxiliar nos estudos de tratamentos experimentais da sepse.<br>The response of septic adult Wistar rats submitted to treatment with supernatant from the culture of thymus of healthy newly-born Wistar rats were observed. Although there has not been significant reduction in mortality compared relation to treatment with culture medium only (without explanted) , it was possible to observe a rapid improvement in the clinical conditions and a lower agglomeration of actin and fibronectin in the thymus of treated animals. We did not observe any anti-inflammatory effect of the supernatant in animals with paw inflammation exclusively, which averted the modulation of the Tissue Transglutaminase Enzyme, agglomerator of the actin released by diseased cells. The author concludes that the treament of sepsis with supernatant stimulated survival in thymus, and suggests that the immuno-hystochemical study of actin and fibronectin in the thymus isa useful method in the analysis of experimental treatments of sepsis.
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Prado, Carolina do. "Imunolocalização do bFGF em corpo lúteo de búfalas em diferentes estágios do ciclo estral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-11102006-194311/.
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O corpo lúteo é uma glândula endócrina transitória cuja formação e manutenção são dependentes da angiogênese. O bFGF (basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) é um dos mais importantes fatores de crescimento angiogênicos no corpo lúteo que, além de possuir propriedades mitogênicas, modula a diferenciação e migração celular. Recentes estudos sugerem a participação desse fator como modulador local de funções nas células luteínicas. Sendo assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a expressão da proteína e do mRNA do bFGF em corpo lúteo de búfalas em diferentes estágios do ciclo estral e também em búfalas superovuladas em fase luteínica média. Foram utilizados corpos lúteos (CLL) de 15 búfalas, os quais foram divididos em cinco grupos: corpo hemorrágico (CH), corpo lúteo maduro (CL), CL em regressão (CR), corpo albicans (CA) e corpo lúteo de animais superovulados (CS). As amostras foram fixadas em formol tamponado a 4%, depois desidratadas em uma série de etanol com concentrações crescentes e incluídas em Histosec®. Cortes de 5mm de espessura foram submetidos a imuno-histoquímica para posterior localização tecidual da proteína do bFGF. Para a localização do mRNA, cortes de 10mm foram submetidos à Hibridização in situ. A expressão do bFGF foi detectada nas células luteínicas, endoteliais e perivasculares nos diferentes estágios do ciclo estral e também no CL de animais superovulados. A fase luteínica média (CL) foi a fase do ciclo estral de maior expressão da proteína e do mRNA deste fator tanto nas células luteínicas quanto endoteliais e perivasculares. Os animais superovulados apresentaram expressão da proteína ainda mais intensa que animais não tratados em fase de CL, indicando ser este tratamento um estimulador da função ovariana tanto em relação à angiogênese quanto à proliferação de células luteínicas. A expressão espaço-temporal do bFGF no CL de búfalas difere em parte do padrão descrito para bovinos, nos quais o bFGF encontra-se expresso em maior intensidade nas células luteínicas em fase de CH ou fase luteínica inicial. Expressão diferencial de isoformas entre as duas espécies nas várias fases do ciclo estral pode levar a uma diferença de detecção pelo anticorpo utilizado.na imuno-histoquímica da proteína. Os resultados obtidos apontam para um papel local do bFGF na modulação das funções do CL de búfalas ao longo do ciclo estral e também em fase de CL em animais superovulados.<br>Corpus luteum (CL) is a transitory endocrine gland which formation and maintenance are angiogenesis-dependent. The bFGF (basic Fibroblast Growth Factor) is one of the most important angiogenic growth factors in CL which, besides possessing mitogenic properties, modulates the differentiation and cellular migration. Recent studies suggest the participation of this factor as local modulator of luteal cell functions. The present study intends therefore to characterize the expression of the protein and mRNA of bFGF in water buffalo CL in different stages of the estrous cycle and in buffaloes? CL on day 6 after ovulation of animals submitted to superovulatory treatment. For the present study we used 15 corpora lutea of water buffalo, which were divided in five groups: corpus hemorragicans (CH), mature corpus luteum (CL), CL in regression (CR), corpus albicans (CA) and CL of superovulated animals (CS). The samples were fixed in 4% buffered formol solution, dehydrataded in a serie of ethanol in growing concentrations and included in Histosec®. Sections of 5 μm thickness were submitted to immunohistochemistry for subsequent histological localization of bFGF. For the localization of bFGF mRNA, sections of 10 μm thickness were submitted to in situ Hybridization. Expression of bFGF was identified in luteal, endothelial and perivascular cells in different stages of estrous cycle and also in CL of superovulated animals. The middle luteal phase showed the most prominent expression of protein and mRNA of the factor in luteal as well as endothelial and perivascular cells. Superovulated animals expressed the protein in a more intensive way than that of untreated animals in the middle luteal phase, indicating that this treatment is probably an stimulator of the ovarian function related to the angiogenesis and also to the proliferation of cells. The. space-temporary expression of bFGF in the CL of water buffalo differs partially from that described for the bovine CL, in which bFGF is expressed in larger intensity in luteal cells of the initial luteal phase (CH). Isoforms differential expression between the two species during CL life span could lead to differences in protein antibody detection pattern. The results point toward a local role of bFGF in the modulation of CL functions in water buffalo along the estrous cycle and also in the of CL in superovulated animals.
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Ribeiro, Luciana Maria de Andrade. "Imunorregulação central e periférica em pacientes com Síndrome de Down e autoimunidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06022012-170356/.
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Introdução: A Síndrome de Down (SD) é uma doença genética de alta prevalência, com várias alterações imunológicas decorrentes da disfunção tímica associada à doença. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a associação entre presença de autoimunidade e disfunção do timo em pacientes com SD. Métodos: Foram avaliados 22 pacientes com SD (11 com autoimunidade e 11 sem), que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão: diagnóstico clinico e genético, idade > a 10 anos e sem uso de drogas imunossupressoras. Estes pacientes foram comparados a um grupo controle formado por adolescentes saudáveis (n=11) e outro de pacientes com doenças autoimunes, caracterizados por manifestações clínicas e presença de autoanticorpos (n=11). Todos os grupos foram pareados por idade e sexo. Os parâmetros laboratoriais avaliados foram: número de leucócitos, linfócitos CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD21+, CD4+CD28null , células T reguladoras (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+), linfócitos T naive (CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+) e linfócitos T de memória (CD4+CD45RO+CD62L- ) e célula NK (CD3-CD16+, CD56+) por citometria de fluxo, Foi também avaliada a concentração de sjTREC (T receptor excision circles) em sangue total por qRT-PCR .Resultados: Nos pacientes com SD, observou-se redução das concentrações séricas de sjTREC, do número de linfócitos B e aumento do número de células CD4+CD28null. Na análise concomitante entre os grupos formados (SD com e sem autoimunidade, controle e autoimunidade sem SD), após correção de Bonferroni, observou-se que o grupo SD com autoimunidade apresentou redução de linfócitos T CD4, linfócitos naive e linfócitos B. Quando comparados os grupos SD com e sem autoimunidade observou-se redução significativa das concentrações de TREC no primeiro grupo. Não houve alterações das Células NK. Em valores percentuais, os pacientes com SD e autoimunidade apresentaram elevação da subpopulação de células T reguladoras. Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que pacientes com SD apresentam disfunção tímica quando avaliados pela quantificação de concentrações de TREC, sendo esta última mais expressiva nos pacientes com SD e autoimunidade. A redução dos linfócitos T naive associada a número normal de linfócitos T de memória sugere disfunção tímica primária, não compatível com processo de senescência. A observação do aumento do número de linfócitos CD4+CD28null poderia ser consequência de múltiplos estímulos celulares provavelmente em consequência da linfopenia observada. A elevação de células Treg em pacientes com SD e autoimunidade poderia ser decorrente de alterações funcionais destas células bem como de alterações nos processos de homeostase<br>Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease of high prevalence, with many immunological alterations as a consequence of thymic disfunction associated to this disease. In this study, it was evaluated the association between the presence of thymic disfunction and autoimmunity in patients with DS. Methods: It was evaluated 22 patients with DS (11 with and 11 without autoimmunity) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria: clinical and genetic diagnosis, and age >10 years and no use of immunosuppressive drugs. These patients were compared to a control group composed by health adolescents (n=11) and patients with autoimmune diseases, characterized by clinical manifestations and autoantibodies (n=11). All groups were matched for age and sex. The laboratory parameters evaluated were: number of leukocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD4+CD28null lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+), naive T lymphocytes (CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+), memory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD45RO+CD62L-) and NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+). The subpopulations of lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. It was also evaluated whole blood sjTREC (T receptor excision circles) concentrations by PCR. Results: In DS patients, there was reduction of sjTREC concentration, B lymphocytes number and increase of CD4+CD28null cells number. When compared all the groups formed (SD with and without autoimmunity, autoimmunity without SD and control group), after Bonferroni correction, the SD group with autoimmunity showed a reduction of T CD4+lymphocytes, naïve cells and B lymphocytes. When SD with and without autoimmunity groups were compared it was observed significant reduction in the TREC concentrations in the first group. There were no changes in NK cells. Patients with DS and autoimmune diseases had huge percentages of T reg cells comparing different groups. Conclusions: This study showed that DS patients presented thymic disfunction by reduced levels of whole blood sjTREC, and this condition is more expressive to patients with DS and autoimmune disease associated. The reduction of TCD4+ naïve cells with normal TCD4+ memory cells is suggestive of primary thymic disfunction against a senescent process. The elevated number of CD4+CD28null in DS patients probably was a consequence of reduced T cell numbers. The elevation of Treg cells remains unclear, and coud be a result of ineffective cells or deregulation of Thymus dependent immunity
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Santos, Nathália Moreira. "Febre reumática: quantificação de fragmentos circulares excisados pelo rearranjo do receptor da célula T em linfócitos T de sangue periférico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-17012014-114913/.
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Há um amplo espectro de doenças causadas por estreptococos do grupo A (GAS), e são consideradas um problema de saúde pública em vários países, principalmente os em desenvolvimento, com aproximadamente 600 milhões de casos/ano. As infecções causadas por GAS podem ocasionar doenças invasivas como faringite e pioderma com seqüelas auto-imunes graves como a febre reumática (FR) e glomerulonefrite. A FR acomete principalmente crianças e jovens adultos. A FR apresenta diversas manifestações, sendo a doença reumática cardíaca (DRC) a seqüela mais grave, caracterizada por lesões cardíacas valvares progressivas e permanentes. O tratamento, frequentemente envolve cirurgia cardíaca para a correção de lesões valvulares, o que acarreta alto custo para o Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil e em vários países. Em trabalhos anteriores sobre os mecanismos desencadeadores das lesões reumáticas no coração, foi possível identificar o papel do linfócito T como mediador principal da autoimunidade, através da análise do receptor de células T infiltrantes de lesão cardíaca de indivíduos com DRC. Várias expansões oligoclonais com diferentes tamanhos da região que reconhece o antígeno, CDR3 foram encontradas. No presente trabalho, analisou-se a atividade tímica através da quantificação de fragmentos circulares excisados pelo rearranjo do gene do receptor do linfócito T (TREC) em linfócitos T de sangue periférico de indivíduos com FR e DRC. Também foi avaliada a presença de células T naïve e de memória através de citometria de fluxo. Os resultados do presente trabalho mostraram que a quantidade de TREC em amostras de sangue periférico do grupo de pacientes com FR/DRC foi significantemente menor quando comparada a observada em indivíduos saudáveis. Interessantemente, em ambos os grupos a quantidade de TREC apresentou correlação negativa com a idade dos indivíduos estudados. Os resultados indicaram diferenças na atividade tímica em pacientes com FR/DRC, provavelmente decorrente do processo autoimune que envolve linfócitos T<br>There is a wide spectrum of diseases caused by group A streptococci (GAS), that still being considered a public health problem in developing countries, with about 600 million cases per year. Infections by GAS can cause invasive diseases such as pharyngitis and pyoderma leading to serious autoimmune complications such as rheumatic fever (RF) and glomerulonephritis. RF mainly affects children and young adults, and presents different manifestations. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is considered the most serious complication leading to valvular lesions that are characterized by progressive and permanent heart damage, which entails high cost to the Public Health System in Brazil and worldwide. In previous works that focused on the mechanisms leading to rheumatic heart lesions, we identified the role of T lymphocytes as principal mediator of autoimmune reactions. Through the in deep analysis of infiltrating T-cell receptor repertoire of patients with RHD, we identified oligoclonal expansions with different sizes of CDR3 that is the region of antigen recognition. In the present study we analyzed the thymic activity through T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) quantification in T cells from peripheral blood of RF/RHD patients. We also evaluated naïve and memory T cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the amount of TREC in the peripheral blood of patients was significantly lower when compared to the healthy individuals. In addition, both groups showed that the amount of TREC is negatively correlated with age. These results indicated that the thymic activity in RF/RHD patients is altered probably due to the autoimmune process that involves T lymphocytes
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Yaciuk, Jane Cherie. "Mechanisms of T cell tolerance to the RNA-binding nuclear autoantigen human La/SS-B." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
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Takeno, Marisa Akemi. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica das dimensões do timo fetal na insuficiência placentária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-26052014-090506/.
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Introdução: o timo é importante órgão linfoide do sistema imunológico. Estudos mostraram que, durante o período fetal, a atrofia desse órgão faz parte da resposta adaptativa do feto ao ambiente intrauterino adverso, como a desnutrição crônica causada pela insuficiência placentária. Essa situação pode explicar a associação entre restrição de crescimento intrauterino e as alterações no sistema imunológico após o nascimento, na infância e na adolescência. Objetivos: analisar as dimensões do timo fetal pela ultrassonografia em gestações com insuficiência placentária, comparando com gestações de alto risco sem insuficiência placentária e gestações de baixo risco. Métodos: estudo prospectivo com 30 gestações com insuficiência placentária (Doppler de artéria umbilical com índice de pulsatilidade > p95) comparadas com 30 de alto risco e 30 de baixo risco (grupo controle). Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade gestacional entre 26 e 37 semanas, feto único e vivo, ausência de malformações fetais, membranas íntegras, ausência de sinais de trabalho de parto, ausência de infecção materna ou fetal e não realização de corticoterapia antes da avaliação ultrassonográfica fetal. O timo fetal foi identificado na interface com os pulmões, na altura dos três vasos da base do coração, no corte do tórax fetal. Foram realizadas três medidas do diâmetro transverso (DT) e do perímetro (P) do timo, e as médias foram utilizadas para análise, transformadas em escores zeta, de acordo com a idade gestacional em que se efetuou a medida. Foram realizadas as medidas ultrassonográficas da circunferência cefálica (CC) e do comprimento do fêmur (CF) fetal, com as quais se calculou as relações DT/CF, DT/CC, P/CF e P/CC. Resultados: o grupo com insuficiência placentária apresentou mediana significativamente maior do escore zeta do IP da artéria umbilical quando comparado ao grupo de alto risco e controle (4,6 vs. -0,5 vs. -0,2, p < 0,001). As medidas do timo fetal no grupo com insuficiência placentária [escore zeta do DT (média=-0,69; DP=0,83) e escore zeta do P (média=-0,73; DP=0,68)] foram significativamente (p < 0,001) menores quando comparadas aos grupos de alto risco [escore zeta do DT (média=0,49; DP=1,13) e escore zeta do P (média=0,45; DP=0,96)] e controle [escore zeta do DT (média=0,83; DP=0,85) e escore zeta do P (média=0,26; DP=0,89)]. Nas relações estudadas, houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) na média dos grupos: insuficiência placentária (DT/CC=0,10, P/CF=1,32 e P/CC=0,26); alto risco (DT/CC=0,11, P/CF=1,40 e P/CC=0,30) e controle (DT/CC=0,11, P/CF=1,45 e P/CC=0,31). Conclusão: em gestações complicadas pela insuficiência placentária, ocorre redução das dimensões do timo fetal sugerindo que pode ser decorrente da adaptação fetal ao ambiente intrauterino adverso<br>Introduction: thymus gland is an important lymphoid organ involved in immune response. Studies have shown that during fetal life, thymus atrophy is part of an adaptive response to a compromised intrauterine environment, like chronic malnutrition due to placental insufficiency. This may explain the association between intrauterine growth restriction and later altered immune function. Objective: to evaluate fetal thymus by ultrasonography in pregnancies with placental insufficiency and compare to high risk pregnancies without placental insufficiency and low risk pregnancies. Methods: a prospective study with 30 pregnancies with placental insufficiency (umbilical artery Doppler with pulsatility index > p95), compared to 30 high risk pregnancies and 30 low risk pregnancies (control group). The inclusion criteria were: gestational age ranging from 26 to 37 weeks, singleton pregnancies, absence of fetal malformations, intact membranes, not in labor, no signs of maternal or fetal infection, and no corticotherapy before the ultrasound evaluation. Fetal thymus was identified in its interface with the lungs, at the level of the tree-vessel view of the fetal thorax. Three measures of thymus transverse diameter (TD) and perimeter (P) were made, and the media were converted into zeta score according to the gestational age. Head circumference (HC) and femur length (F) were also measured and used in the calculation of the relations TD/F, TD/HC, P/F, P/HC. Results: the group with placental insufficiency presented median of umbilical artery PI elevated, when compared to high risk pregnancies and low risk pregnancies (4.6 vs. -0.5 vs. -0.2, p < 0.001). Fetal thymus measurements were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in pregnancies with placental insufficiency [TD zeta score (media=-0.69; SD=0.83) and P zeta score (media=-0.73; SD=0.68)] when compared to high risk pregnancies [TD zeta score (media=0.49; SD=1.13) and P zeta score (media=0.45; DP=0.96)] and control group [TD zeta score (media=0.83; SD=0.85) and P zeta score (media=0.26; SD=0.89)]. There was significant difference (p < 0,05) in the relations studied among the groups: pregnancies with placental insufficiency (TD/HC=0.10, P/F=1.32 e P/HC=0.26), high risk pregnancies (TD/HC=0.11, P/F=1.40, P/HC=0.30) and control group (DT/HC=0.11, P/F=1.45, P/HC=0.31). Conclusion: fetal thymus measurements are reduced in pregnancies with placental insufficiency, suggesting that it is a fetal adaptive response for adverse environment
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Earl, Colin R. "The regulation of the timing of melatonin secretion in the sheep." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe12.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195) Addresses the nature of the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of the circadian pattern of secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin in the highly seasonal Suffolk breed of sheep. Provides new information on the behaviour of the onset and offset of melatonin secretion under different photoperiodic conditions.
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Savagner, Pierre. "Etude des mécanismes invasifs de colonisation de l'ébauche thymique par des précurseurs hématopoïétiques chez l'embryon d'oiseau." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066530.
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Au cours de l'embryogenèse, l'ébauche thymique est colonisée par des cellules hématopoïétique précurseurs. Leur activation par un peptide et, un contact direct avec la fibronectine et la laminine présentes dans l'environnement thymique ou la membrane basale amniotique parait requise dans cette migration.
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De, Keyzer Yves. "Etude de l'expression du gene de la proopiomelanocortine dans les tissus sains et pathologiques chez l'homme." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066452.
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Sari, Marie-Agnès. "Syntheses de porphyrines cationiques solubles dans l'eau et etude de leurs interactions avec l'adn de thymus de veau." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066528.
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Preparation et caracterisation de porphyrines cationiques dont le nombre et la position des charges varient. Cytotoxicite vis-a-vis des cellules l1210 et de bacteries sensibles aux intercalants et deficients ou non dans leurs systemes de reparation de l'adn
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Antonica, Francesco. "Modelling thyroid embryogenesis using embryonic stem cells." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209551.
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Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most frequent of the rare endocrine diseases (e.g. Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.), which affects 1:2000 – 4000 newborns. If not immediately diagnosed after birth, thyroid hormones deficiency causes severe defects in brain and skeletal development leading to a complex clinical scenario called cretinism. CH can be due to a defective synthesis of thyroid hormones (dyshormonogenesis) or an abnormal embryonic development of the gland. Data obtained using knockout mouse models have shown the pivotal role of four specific transcription factors (NKX2.1, PAX8, FOXE1 and HHEX) for the correct organogenesis or function of the gland. Although mutations in those genes have been identified in few cases of CH patients, the pathogenetic mechanisms remain still elusive in the vast majority of CH cases (95%).<p>For the identification of new genes and molecular events controlling thyroid organogenesis it would be useful to develop an in vitro cellular model to recapitulate thyroid embryogenesis in a dish. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) have recently emerged as system model to recapitulate the embryogenesis of several tissues in vitro.<p>Induced overexpression of defined transcription factors has been shown to have a directing effect on the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types. In this thesis I show that a transient overexpression of the transcription factors NKX2.1 and PAX8 is sufficient to direct the differentiation of murine ESCs into thyroid follicular cells (TFC) and promotes in vitro self- assembly of TFC into three-dimensional follicular structures, when associated to a subsequent thyrotropin (TSH) treatment. Cells differentiated by this protocol showed significant iodide organification activity, a hallmark of thyroid tissue function. Importantly, athyroid mice grafted with mESC-derived thyroid follicles show normalization of plasma T4 levels with concomitant decrease of plasma TSH. In addition, a full normalization of body temperature at 4 weeks after transplantation was observed. Together, these data clearly demonstrate that grafting of our mESC-derived thyroid cells rescues the hypothyroid state and triggers symptomatic recovery along with the normalization of plasma hormone concentrations. The high efficiency of TFC differentiation and follicle morphogenesis in our system will provide an unprecedented opportunity for future studies to decipher regulatory mechanisms involved in embryonic thyroid development, a major research need towards an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital hypothyroidism, the most common congenital endocrine disorder in humans.<br>Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Mossalayi, Mohammad. "Caractérisation des précurseurs sanguins et médullaires des lymphocytes T humains : leur purification et les conditions in-vitro requises pour leur différenciation." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2015.
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Cohen-Kaminsky, Sylvia. "Analyse de composants cellulaires et moleculaires du microenvironnement thymique chez l'homme : interet dans l'etude du role du thymus dans la myasthenie." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066157.
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Mundin, Georgia Sabio Porto. "Identificação de marcadores moleculares para células T reguladoras humanas com perfil CD4+CD25+ por phage display." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-28012009-131608/.
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Há dados na literatura indicando que as células que saem do timo com o fenótipo CD4+CD25+ são desenvolvidas continuamente como uma linhagem independente e possuem um papel importante no processo de regulação da resposta imune. Essas células são chamadas células T reguladoras naturais. Várias questões sobre estas células permanecem em aberto, como por exemplo, como elas são geradas, o que é determinante na sua atividade reguladora e que marcadores específicos podem ser usados para identificá-las? Dentro deste contexto, o nosso objetivo neste trabalho foi identificar no timo e em timócitos CD4+/CD25+ humanos, novas moléculas potencialmente importantes no desenvolvimento e/ou na atividade supressora das células T reguladoras naturais. Para este objetivo, utilizamos a abordagem de phage display, com uma biblioteca de fagos de peptídeos, e timos humanos obtidos de pacientes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas, submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas realizadas no InCor. A busca dessas moléculas foi feita, separadamente, em 3 tipos de material biológico: timócitos totais, fragmento do tecido tímico e timócitos CD4+/CD25+. Antes da incubação da biblioteca de fagos com os timócitos totais e timócitos CD4+/CD25+ (separação em FACS), foi realizada uma etapa de preclearing, incubando-se a biblioteca de fagos com um pool de células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) ou timócitos CD4+/CD25-, respectivamente. Os fagos não ligantes, recuperados desta etapa, foram então incubados com as células de interesse. Para o tecido tímico não foi feita etapa de pre-clearing. Os fagos obtidos com os diferentes materiais biológicos foram recuperados em cultura de bactérias e usados em ciclos posteriores de seleção. Após três ciclos de seleção, os fagos foram seqüenciados e identificados quanto à expressão de peptídeos ligantes para timócitos totais, timo e timócitos CD4+/CD25+, e analisados em bancos de dados no BLAST. Os fagos selecionados para validação um ligante de tecido tímico: M2C e um ligante de timócitos CD4+/CD25+: R2A fazem similaridade a duas proteínas associadas ao metabolismo da Vitamina D3, molécula envolvida em imunorregulação e indução de tolerância, em diversos modelos experimentais. Porém, não há dados na literatura a respeito do seu papel em células T reg naturais. Na validação molecular desses fagos, apesar de certa variabilidade entre os diferentes ensaios, verificamos, por ELISA, que os fagos se ligam preferencialmente a 1,25 diidroxivitamina D3, forma ativa da Vitamina D3. Entretanto, nos ensaios de validação funcional, a influência da vitamina D na diferenciação dessas células não foi confirmada de forma consistente, uma vez que só tivemos aumento no número de células CD4+/CD25+, em cultura com Vitamina D, em poucos experimentos. As moléculas identificadas no presente estudo podem ter implicações relevantes no processo de diferenciação e na atividade de células T CD4+CD25+ reguladoras e serão mais investigadas na continuidade deste trabalho.<br>There are consistent data in literature indicating that thymic CD4+CD25+ cells play an important role in immune regulation and are continuously developed as an independent lineage in the thymus. These cells are known as natural regulatory T cells. Several questions about these cells remain unanswered, such as how they are generated, what is determinant in their regulatory function and which specific molecular markers can be used to identify them. Taking this into consideration, our aim was to identify new potentially important molecules in the development and/or supressive function of natural regulatory T cells, both in the thymus and in CD4+CD25+ thymocytes. For this, the phage display technique was employed, with a peptide phage library and thymic specimens obtained from children who underwent corrective cardiac surgery at the Heart Institute (InCor), in São Paulo. The search for these molecules was separately performed in 3 types of biological material: thymic tissue, thymocytes and CD4+CD25+ thymic cells. In the first stage, the phage peptide-library was incubated with a pool of PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells). After the incubation, phages bound to PBMC were discarded (pre-clearing). In the second stage, unbound phages were incubated with either total thymocytes or CD4+CD25+ thymic cells. The pre-clearing stage was not perfomed in the thymic tissue. The phages obtained with after incubation with the different biological materials were recovered in E. coli culture and used in additional cycles of selection. After three rounds of selection, the recovered phages from the total thymocytes, from thymic tissue and thymocytes CD4+CD25+ were sequenced and their ligands identified. Among the phages selected for validation one ligand of thymic tissue: M2C and one ligand of CD4+CD25+ thymocytes: R2A present similarity to two proteins associated to the metabolism of Vitamin D3, a molecule involved in imunoregulation and toelrance induction in several experimental models. However, there are no data in the literature concerning the possible role of this moelcule in natural regulatory T cells. In the molecular validation of theses phages, although some variability between the diffeterent assays we have verified by ELISA, that the phages present preferential binding to the 1,25 dhydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of Vitamin D3. However, in the functional validation assays, the influence of the Vitamin D3 in the differentiation of these cells could not be consistently confirmed since we could observe an increase in the number of CD4+CD25+ cells cultured with vitamin D in only a few experiments. The ligand-receptor molecules we have defined in this study may have relevant implications in the development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the thymus
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HIGUTI, ELIZA. "Correção fenotípica do nanismo avaliada por diferentes parâmetros de crescimento após administração de DNA plasmidial em modelo animal de deficiência isolada do hormônio do crescimento." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26374.
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No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP<br>FAPESP:11/21708-6