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1
Weerakoon, D. R., U. D. Annakkage, and C. Karawita. "A Review on Sub-Synchronous Resonance Damping with Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators." Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/fqjk8435.
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Over many years, the power industry has used series compensation with fixed series capacitors for long-distance ac power transmission. With the availability of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC), utilities have the option of using them instead of fixed series capacitors to exploit the advantage of their flexibility and controllability. The use of TCSCs for damping electro-mechanical oscillations and Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) has been investigated and reported over the years. This paper presents a review of those techniques to damp SSR problems associated with conventional multi-mass turbine generator systems in series compensated networks. This paper also demonstrates that SSR can be damped out with the proper choice of TCSC parameters and/or control strategies even without an auxiliary damping controller. Sub-synchronous behavior of the TCSC is simulated in both open loop and closed loop controls in the time domain through Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations. IEEE 1st Benchmark model for SSR studies is used in this paper to demonstrate the effect of TCSC parameters and control methodology in damping SSR. KEYWORDS: Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC), Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR), time-domain analysis, IEEE 1st Benchmark model for SSR studies.
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Selvarasu, R., and C. Christober Asir Rajan. "Simulation of Location of TCSC and UPFC in Fourteen Bus System Using Matlab / Simulink." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3594.
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This paper presents the modeling and simulation of 14-bus system using TCSC and UPFC. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) are included in 14-bus system to improve the power quality of the power system. The voltage sag is created by adding an extra load at the receiving end. This sag is compensated by using FACTS devices like TCSC and UPFC. Improvement in the voltage and power are presented using simulation studies.
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Salkuti, Surender Reddy. "Transient stability enhancement using thyristor controlled series compensator." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp884-893.
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Stability is an important issue which determines the stable operation of power system. At present, the most practical available method of transient stability analysis is time domain simulation, in which the non-linear differential equations are solved by step by step method or network reduction techniques. In this paper, FACTS devices are used in the existing system for effective utilization of existing transmission resources. In this paper, the studies have been carried out in order to improve the transient stability of 5 bus system, and Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9 bus system with fixed compensation on various lines, and the optimal location has been investigated for better results. To improve the transient stability margin further, a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) has been used, and the results shows the effectiveness of the application of TCSC in improving the transient stability of power system.
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Salkuti, Surender Reddy. "Transient stability enhancement using thyristor controlled series compensator." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (2019): 884–93. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp884-893.
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Stability is an important issue which determines the stable operation of power system. At present, the most practical available method of transient stability analysis is time domain simulation, in which the non-linear differential equations are solved by step by step method or network reduction techniques. In this paper, FACTS devices are used in the existing system for effective utilization of existing transmission resources. In this paper, the studies have been carried out in order to improve the transient stability of 5 bus system, and Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9 bus system with fixed compensation on various lines, and the optimal location has been investigated for better results. To improve the transient stability margin further, a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) has been used, and the results shows the effectiveness of the application of TCSC in improving the transient stability of power system.
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Kumar, Prashant. "Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS Devices." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 1 (2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i1.pp10-17.
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<p>The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)-based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation..</p>
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Okenna, Osmond, and U. Iloh F. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-DISTANCE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR DEVICE." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 3 (2022): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7085447.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Transmission infrastructure in Nigeria is plagued with weak power wheeling capability. Large amount of electrical power is transmitted over very long distances to load centers through weak transmission lines. This research therefore aims at improving the efficiency of long-distance transmission lines using FACTS devices. To improve on the efficiency of the long-distance transmission line, thyristor-controlled series compensation was used in this work, as the technique offers high efficiency on transmitting line voltage and current. The IEEE 9 Bus Power System was used as a case study. MATLAB software was the tool used in running the network with and without TCSC. The system was simulated and their transient performances were thoroughly analyzed. The load flow simulation was carried out on a faulty IEEE 9 bus system. Figure 4.1 and Table 4.1 show the result of the simulation. Bus 5 was detected to violate the voltage limit of 0.95 < V< 1.05 p.u. having a voltage magnitude of 0. 9488p.u, this indicates that there was power system instability while when the TCSC device is incorporated into the network, the voltage at bus 5 was regulated from 0.9488 p.u. to 1.01 p.u. and other buses that experienced voltage improvement. The result when compared without and with TCSC, shows that total active power Loss without TCSC was 348.6856MW while that with TCSC was 322.53MW. Also, the reactive power loss without and with TCSC was 146.8526MW and 32.96336MW respectively. Therefore, the percentage of power system improvement is 7.5% when TCSC was incorporated. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Flexibility, Transmission, Electricity, FACTS, Thyristor-Controller, Series, Voltage. <strong>Title:</strong> IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-DISTANCE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR DEVICE <strong>Author:</strong> Okenna Osmond, F. U. Iloh <strong>International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research </strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-6988 (online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022</strong> <strong>Page No: 10-19</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 16-September-2022</strong> <strong>DOI: </strong><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7085447</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/improving-the-efficiency-of-long-distance-power-transmission-system-using-thyristor-controlled-series-compensator-device</strong>
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Suyono, Hadi, Rini Nur Hasanah, and Paramita Dwi Putri Pranyata. "Optimization of the Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer using PSO Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5472-5483.
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The increase of power system demand leads to the change in voltage profile, reliability requirement and system robustness against disturbance. The voltage profile can be improved by providing a source of reactive power through the addition of new power plants, capacitor banks, or implementation of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices such as Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer (TCPST), and many others. Determination of optimal location and sizing of device injection is paramount to produce the best improvement of voltage profile and power losses reduction. In this paper, optimization of the combined advantages of TCPST and TCSC has been investigated using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, being applied to the 30-bus system IEEE standard. The effectiveness of the placement and sizing of TCPST-TCSC combination has been compared to the implementation of capacitor banks. The result showed that the combination of TCPST-TCSC resulted in more effective improvement of system power losses condition than the implementation of capacitor banks. The power losses reduction of 46.47% and 42.03% have been obtained using of TCPST-TCSC combination and capacitor banks respectively. The TCPST-TCSC and Capacitor Bank implementations by using PSO algorithm have also been compared with the implementation of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm. The implementation of the TCSC-TCPST compensation with PSO algorithm have gave a better result than using the capacitor bank with PSO algorithm and SVC with the ABC algorithm.
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Vaidya, P. S., and V. P. Rajderkar. "Enhancing Power System Security by Proper Placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 5 (2012): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2012.v4.446.
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Jumaat, Siti Amely, and Ismail Musirin. "Comparison of SVC and TCSC Installation in Transmission Line with Loss Minimization and Cost of Installation via Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.495.
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The paper presents a comparison of performance Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) with objective function to minimize the transmission loss, improve the voltage and monitoring the cost of installation. Simulation performed on standard IEEE 30-Bus RTS and indicated that EPSO a feasible to achieve the objective function.
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Nabhar, Khalid A., and Basim T. Kadhem. "DAMPING SUB SYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE IN POWER SYSTEM USING TCSC & SVC." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 11, no. 2 (2019): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v11i2.553.
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when the steam turbine-generator is connected with series of compensation along the transmission line, the sub synchronous resonance may happen. The Flexible Ac Transmission System (FACTS) controller of the devices wide use which has been used to reduce and suppress the phenomenon of sub-synchronous resonance the Thyristor Control Series Compensation (TCSC) and Static VAR Compensation (SVC) are the types of FACTS controller that has been used to put down the SSR and also for the purpose of provide a better and efficient solution to improve the transferred capacity system to connect the series compensation along the transmission line. Series capacitor work to increase the chance of creating sub synchronous resonance. Series capacitors also have an inclination to amplify the shaft stress during considerable network transien toccurrence, SSR phenomena happen which can cause damage of the shaft generator turbine. The first standard model of IEEE was adopted to study this phenomenon. This research deals the PID control of SVC( Static VAR Compensation) and TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) and excitation system controller for reducing SSR in power system. In this research, the method of Eigenvalue was used to analysis the sub-synchronous resonance phenomenon and the result was verified using DYMOLA simulation
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MR., ABHIJEET P. REDEKAR, PRAVIN R.CHOUBE MR., and SAGAR C. JADHAV MR. "ENHANCEMENT OF ACTIVE POWER FLOW CAPACITY OF TRANSMISSION LINE USING SERIES COMPENSATION." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal 2, no. 7 (2018): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1469416.
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In this paper a series controller from the FACTS (Flexible AC transmission system) family named as ‘Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor’ (TCSC) is designed using Microcontroller. A transmission lines operating at high voltages is required to transmit power from generating station to load. The laboratory setup of circuit using a Thyristor controlled reactor in series with a capacitor will discussed in this paper. This paper also presents experimental results of a TCSC connected to a single phase system. This paper investigates the effects of TCSC on transmission line to improve voltage stability. The stability of system has been determined by using V-I and P-V curves. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150094
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Phuong, Bui Thi Hoa, Tran Thanh Ngoc, Pham Hong Thanh, and Le Van Dai. "Mitigating Subsynchronous Resonance in Doubly Fed Wind Turbine Induction Generator Using FACTS Devices: A Comparative Case Study." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 5, no. 1 (2024): 311–32. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v5i1.1436.
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Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) may result from the recent integration of wind power generating systems (WPGS) based on double-fed induction generators (DFIG) into weak grids using long transmission lines with series capacitor adjustment. The amount of series compensation used in the transmission line determines how much SSR affects the grid, which may lead to serious instability. Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, which aid in controlling and stabilizing grid oscillations, are a workable way to lessen the impacts of SSR. In order to analyze the efficacy of FACTS controllers in mitigating SSR, this work examines the modeling and control techniques of WPGS-DFIG employing Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC), static Var compensator (SVC), and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Time-domain simulations on a modified IEEE First benchmark, with varying series compensation levels and grid fault circumstances, are used to verify the study's correctness and effectiveness. According to the simulation findings, the STATCOM controller mitigates SSR far more effectively than TCSC and SVC. The STATCOM controller optimizes the performance of the WPGS-DFIG system by increasing dynamic responsiveness and grid stability in SSR-prone conditions.
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Kumar, B. Sravana, M. Suryakalavathi, and G. V. Nagesh Kumar. "Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator based Optimal Reallocation of Generators for Contingency Management." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 16, no. 1 (2019): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2018161.171327.
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Privatization of the power industry has made proper utilization of the available resources a compulsory requirement. Optimal power flow (OPF) is an ideal solution to the problem. At the same time, stable operation of the power systems in both normal and contingency condition is of vital importance. Use of FACTS devices is a good method to stop further contingencies in the power system. In this paper, a combined index based strategy for the optimal placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and optimal tuning of generators using Krill Herd Algorithm has been proposed for contingency management. The contingency analysis has been done using a new method, namely, rapid contingency ranking technique (RCRT). The TCSC has been placed on the basis of an index which is a combination of Line Utilization Factor (LUF) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI). A multi-objective function has been chosen for tuning the generators. The multi-objective function includes voltage deviation, active power generation cost and transmission line loss. The proposed method has been tested and implemented on an IEEE 30 bus system.
 Privatization of the power industry has made proper utilization of the available resources a compulsory requirement. Optimal power flow (OPF) is an ideal solution to the problem. At the same time, stable operation of the power systems in both normal and contingency condition is of vital importance. Use of FACTS devices is a good method to stop further contingencies in the power system. In this paper, a combined index based strategy for the optimal placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and optimal tuning of generators using Krill Herd Algorithm has been proposed for contingency management. The contingency analysis has been done using a new method, namely, rapid contingency ranking technique (RCRT). The TCSC has been placed on the basis of an index which is a combination of Line Utilization Factor (LUF) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI). A multi objective function has been chosen for tuning the generators. The multi-objective function includes voltage deviation, active power generation cost and transmission line loss. The proposed method has been tested and implemented on an IEEE 30 bus system.
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Mukhopadhyay, Pranabesh, Susanta Dutta, and Provas Kumar Roy. "Optimal Location of TCSC Using Opposition Teaching Learning Based Optimization." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 4, no. 1 (2015): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2015010106.
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This paper focuses on the optimal power flow solution and the enhancement of the performance of a power system network. The paper presents a secured optimal power flow solution by integrating Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) with the optimization model developed under overload condition. The Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) has been implemented here. Recently, the opposition-based learning (OBL) technique has been applied in various conventional population based techniques to improve the convergence performance and get better simulation results. In this paper, opposition-based learning (OBL) has been integrated with teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) to form the opposition teaching learning based optimization (OTLBO). Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices such as Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) can be very effective for power system security. Numerical results on test systems IEEE 30-Bus with valve point effect is presented and compared with results of other competitive global approaches. The results show that the proposed approach can converge to the optimum solution and obtains the solution with high accuracy.
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Abo-Hamad, Ghada M., Doaa Khalil Ibrahim, Essam Aboul Zahab, and Ahmed F. Zobaa. "Dynamic Quadrilateral Characteristic-Based Distance Relays for Transmission Lines Equipped with TCSC." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217074.
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A two-fold adaptive dynamic quadrilateral relay is developed in this research for protecting Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-compensated transmission lines (TLs). By investigating a new tilt angle and modifying the Takagi method to recognize the fault zone identifier, the proposed relay adapts its reactive reach and resistive reach separately and independently. The investigated tilt angle and identified fault zone use the TCSC reactance to compensate its effect on the TL parameters and system homogeneity. Excessive tests are simulated by MATLAB on the non-homogenous network, IEEE-9 bus system and further tests are carried out on IEEE-39 bus system in order to generalize and validate the efficiency of the proposed approach. The designed trip boundaries are able to detect wide range of resistive faults under all TCSC modes of operations. The proposed approach is easy to implement as there no need for data synchronization or a high level of computation and filtration. Moreover, the proposed adaptive dynamic relay can be applied for non-homogeneity systems and short as well as long TLs which are either TCSC-compensated or -uncompensated TLs.
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Nigam, Nikhil Kumar, and Ishta Garg. "Optimal Location of TCSC using Newton Raphson Method for Power Flow Analysis." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521714.
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With the increase in development of power networks, the economical operation of power system has become a concern. The maximum capability of power systems can be exploited by means of FACTS devices. Currently, development of power electronics switches causes reduction in the cost of FACTS and therefore application of FACTS devices especially in distribution networks is more economical. But economic considerations limit the installation of FACTS controller in all of the buses or the lines. There are several methods for finding optimal locations of FACTS devices in power systems. In this paper power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method has been proposed to determine optimal location of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in a system. The paper concentrates on the development of the power flow software package using MATLAB and the steady-state modeling of the series FACTS devices TCSC. The configuration of a typical TCSC from a steady-state perspective is the fixed capacitor with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). The effect of TCSC on the network can be modeled as a controllable reactance inserted in the related transmission line. The TCSC modeling equations illustrate how the flexibility of the software environment in use allows the easy combination of different objective functions, different sets of variables and different formulations of functions. Case studies demonstrate the operating regions of the series FACTS devices and their effectiveness in increasing the MW power transferability of a particular network.
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Khawaja, Abdul Waheed, Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley, Mohd Hairi Mohd Zaman, and Ismail Musirin. "Optimal Design and Tuning of Novel Proportional Integral Derivative with Filter Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Stabiliser Using a New Hybrid Technique." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111153.
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This paper proposes a novel robust thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller based on proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF) and uses a new hybrid optimisation evolutionary programming sine cosine algorithm (EPSCA) to improve the power system’s angle stability. The problem of the PIDF-TCSC design is transformed into an optimisation problem based on performance indices, such as damping factor, damping ratio, and eigenvalues, where the multi-objective function is employed to obtain the optimal stabiliser parameters. To examine the robustness of PIDF-TCSC, it was tested on a single-machine infinite-bus power system under different operating conditions. The performance of the system with the PIDF-TCSC controller was compared with the simulation results, and the results obtained with the proposed EPSCA were compared with those obtained with SCA, moth flame optimisation, and EP-based PIDF-TCSC methods. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of EPSCA for the PIDF-TCSC design and the superior robust performance for the enhancement of power system stability compared with other techniques in different cases.
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Bhagya Lakshmi, M., Karanam Deepak, Asfiya, et al. "Implementation of Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow with Thyristor-controlled series compensator." E3S Web of Conferences 540 (2024): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454009004.
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Finding the Optimal power flow for a multi-bus power system with a TCSC is crucial for reducing system costs while maximizing performance. To identify the best solution in such systems, a genetic algorithm (GA) should be implemented with multi objective function by including minimization of losses, fuel consumption, and increase the system performance. The fuel consumption parameter and optimal power flow settings needs to be obtained by basic optimal power flow solution under various operating conditions in multi bus system. Both active power losses and reactive power compensation are taken into consideration by the objective function. An effective GA is used to evaluate the IEEE 30 and 75 bus system in order to find the best power flow when employing TCSC. This report presents MATLAB-based data to verify the suggested strategy.
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Faiz, Aunowar Mohammad, and Jacqueline Lukose. "Optimization of Series Compensation in Transmission Networks Using Artificial Neural Networks." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (2019): 3443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8306.
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To respond to the ever-increasing power demand of load centers, power is transmitted at extrahigh voltages. However, an increase in power transfer level should be supported by an enhanced level of security. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices present an economical and efficient alternative to consider for achieving higher power transfer level with enhanced security instead of introducing new transmission facilities, to maintain a large stability margin of power in transmission line. This project aims to optimize the level of series compensation in transmission networks using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Series compensation enables higher level of power to be transferred by reducing (reactive) losses. Among the series FACTS controllers, Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) has been chosen to be optimized on an SMIB system. Lead-Lag (LL) based TCSC remain the controller of choice due to the favorable performance to cost ratio. Nevertheless, modeling the highly non-linear power system with a linear controller, limits the system’s performance during adversities. ANN being non-linear per se and possessing high generalization capabilities, offers more versatility in modeling the power system. Indeed, an ANN based TCSC was designed and the performance during contingencies was compared to that of the LL based TCSC. As expected, the ANN based TCSC demonstrated a damping capability twice as fast and offering the SMIB system with a higher robustness as well as better resistance to fault condition. To increase the accuracy and reliability of the proposed controller, the investigation can be performed on a multi-machine system with different loading conditions as well as determining the optimal location of the TCSC module.
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He, Baina, Yadi Xie, Jingru Zhang, Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair, Xingmin He, and Yanchen Dong. "Study on the characteristics of secondary arc current of UHV high compensation degree TCSC line under the fine-tuning mode." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 22, no. 2 (2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2020-0202.
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Abstract In the transmission line, the series compensation device is often used to improve the transmission capacity. However, when the fixed series capacitor (FSC) is used in high compensation series compensation device, the stability margin cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) is often installed in transmission lines to improve the transmission capacity of the line and the stability of the system. For cost considerations, the hybrid compensation mode of FSC and TCSC is often adopted. However, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in a transmission line with increased series compensation degree, the unreasonable distribution of FSC and TCSC will lead to the excessive amplitude of secondary arc current, which is not conducive to rapid arc extinguishing. To solve this problem, this paper is based on 1000 kV Changzhi-Nanyang-Jingmen UHV series compensation transmission system, using PSCAD simulation program to established UHV series compensation simulation model, The variation law of secondary arc current and recovery voltage during operation in fine tuning mode after adding TCSC to UHV transmission line is analyzed, and the effect of increasing series compensation degree on secondary arc current and recovery voltage characteristics is studied. And analyze the secondary arc current and recovery voltage when using different FSC and TCSC series compensation degree schemes, and get the most reasonable series compensation configuration scheme. The results show that TCSC compensation is more beneficial to arc extinguishing under the same series compensation. Compared with several series compensation schemes, it is found that with the increase of the proportion of TCSC, the amplitude of secondary arc current and recovery voltage vary greatly. Considering various factors, the scheme that is more conducive to accelerating arc extinguishing is chosen.
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Dunya, Sh. Wais, and S. Majeed Wafaa. "The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the system for optimum power flow." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4678–88. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4678-4688.
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This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with the issue of reactive power management. The aim of using TCSC units in this study is to minimize active and reactive power losses. Reserve beyond the thermal border, enhance the voltage profile and increase transmission-lines flow while continuing the whole generation cost of the system a little increase compared with its single goal base case. The optimal power flow (OPF) described is a consideration for finding the best size and location of the TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects for minimizing fuel cost of generation units and the costs of installing TCSCs devices. The GSA algorithm's high ability in solving the proposed multi-objective problem is tested on two 9 and 30 bus test systems. For each test system, four case studies are considered to represent both normal and emergency operating conditions. The proposed GSA method's simulation results show that GSA offers a practical and robust highquality solution for the problem and improves system performance.
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Pilla, Azar, and Gorripotu. "Impact of Flexible AC Transmission System Devices on Automatic Generation Control with a Metaheuristic Based Fuzzy PID Controller." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214193.
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The present work proposes a teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO)-tuned fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller of two-area hydro-thermal generating units for automatic generation control (AGC). The proposed system takes into account the physical constraints such as transport delay (TD), generation rate constraint (GRC), and governor dead band (GDB) nonlinearities. Firstly, fuzzy PID controllers were designed for both the areas and their gains were optimized using various minimization objective function criteria. Furthermore, applications of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices such as static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and unified power flow controller (UPFC) were investigated by integrating FACTS devices in appropriate locations of the system. The simulation results revealed that the minimum objective values were attained when the UPFC was placed in the system. Lastly, robustness analysis was done to observe the capability of the proposed controller with UPFC by changing system parameters and considering random load disturbances.
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Abdullah, Ali Najim, Ahmed Majeed Ghadhban, Hayder Salim Hameed, and Husham Idan Hussein. "Enhancement the stability of power system using optimal location of FACTS devices." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp648-655.
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<p><span>This paper proposes a steady-state of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) &amp; Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) set up for enhancing the damping overall performance and growing the integral clearing time (CCT) of a power network. The indispensable clearing time is carried out through increasing the time fault interval until the gadget loses stability. Increasing the CCT can be contribute to reliability of the safety gadget, decrease the protection machine ranking and cost. In order to attain most enhancement of machine stability via optimizing location, sizing and control modes of SVC and TCSC. Models and methodology for putting and designing shunt FACT’s units SVC (injected reactive strength Q) and series FACT’s devices TCSC (chose capacitive region) are examined in a 6-bus system. Performance factors are described to show validation of SVC and TCSC on extraordinary conditions. It is proven that the SVC is better than TCSC. </span></p>
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Ali, Najim Abdullah, Majeed Ghadhban Ahmed, Salim Hameed Hayder, and I. Hussein H. "Enhancement the stability of power system using optimal location of FACTS devices." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 18, no. 2 (2020): 648–55. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp648-655.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a steady-state of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) & Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) set up for enhancing the damping overall performance and growing the integral clearing time (CCT) of a power network. The indispensable clearing time is carried out through increasing the time fault interval until the gadget loses stability. Increasing the CCT can be contribute to reliability of the safety gadget, decrease the protection machine ranking and cost. In order to attain most enhancement of machine stability via optimizing location, sizing and control modes of SVC and TCSC. Models and methodology for putting and designing shunt FACT’s units SVC (injected reactive strength Q) and series FACT’s devices TCSC (chose capacitive region) are examined in a 6-bus system. Performance factors are described to show validation of SVC and TCSC on extraordinary conditions. It is proven that the SVC is better than TCSC.
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Buraimoh, Elutunji, Funso Kehinde Ariyo, Micheal Omoigui, and Innocent Ewaen Davidson. "Investigation of Combined SVC and TCSC versus IPFC in Enhancing Power System Static Security." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 40 (December 2018): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.40.119.
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Electrical power systems are often required to operate at full loading capacity due to ever increasing demand and transmission line contingencies with limited grid expansion. This results in line overload and operating near system limit, thereby threatening system security. Utilization of existing system can be achieved using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices without violating system limits. This research investigation involves static security assessment of a modelled IEEE 30-bus test system in MATLAB/SIMULINK/PSAT environment. The security status with the incorporation of combined Static Var Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) were determined. Prior to this, Contingency Severity Index (CSI) based on Performance Index (PI) of Voltage and Active Power was employed to determine the optimal location of the FACTS devices. Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) was applied to determine the optimal sizing/percentage compensation of FACTS. Subsequently, power system with and without the incorporation of FACTS devices were modelled. The ability of the compensated system to withstand credible transmission line contingencies without violating the normal operating limits (bus voltage and line thermal) was examined and presented. The paper presents how combined SVC/TCSC and an IPFC aided the power system to boost its steady state security in the face of possible line contingencies.
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Salehizadeh, Mohammad Reza, Mahdi Amidi Koohbijari, Hassan Nouri, Akın Taşcıkaraoğlu, Ozan Erdinç, and João P. S. Catalão. "Bi-Objective Optimization Model for Optimal Placement of Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Devices." Energies 12, no. 13 (2019): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132601.
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Exposure to extreme weather conditions increases power systems’ vulnerability in front of high impact, low probability contingency occurrence. In the post-restructuring years, due to the increasing demand for energy, competition between electricity market players and increasing penetration of renewable resources, the provision of effective resiliency-based approaches has received more attention. In this paper, as the major contribution to current literature, a novel approach is proposed for resiliency improvement in a way that enables power system planners to manage several resilience metrics efficiently in a bi-objective optimization planning model simultaneously. For demonstration purposes, the proposed method is applied for optimal placement of the thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC). Improvement of all considered resilience metrics regardless of their amount in a multi-criteria decision-making framework is novel in comparison to the other previous TCSC placement approaches. Without loss of generality, the developed resiliency improvement approach is applicable in any power system planning and operation problem. The simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus test systems confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the developed approach. Simulation results show that by considering resilience metrics, the performance index, importance of curtailed consumers, congestion management cost, number of curtailed consumers, and amount of load loss are improved by 0.63%, 43.52%, 65.19%, 85.93%, and 85.94%, respectively.
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Nhan Bon, Nguyen, and Thanh-Lam Le. "Application of JAYA algorithm for optimizing allocation and size of thyristor-controlled series compensator devices." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 14, no. 3 (2025): 1647–55. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i3.8900.
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Electricity serves as the backbone and essential energy source for various sectors, including transportation, residential areas, manufacturing, and industry. As engineering and technology advance, the demand for electricity continues to rise. Expanding the electricity grid to meet transmission needs and provide high-quality service has become a fundamental challenge in the power system domain. However, load expansion introduces issues such as line overloads when demand surges, compromising power quality, system security, and reliability during operation, potentially leading to system failures. Addressing these load-related problems is crucial for enhancing power system stability, reducing troubleshooting expenses, and improving operational efficiency. This study proposes the utilization of thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) as a solution to enhance power system efficiency. Furthermore, to optimize TCSC placement and determine the appropriate compensation level for devices on transmission lines, the research suggests employing the JAYA optimization algorithm. MATLAB software is utilized to investigate the IEEE standard 30-node transmission lines case. The obtained results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the solution in enhancing electrical transmission capacity, improving stability, and reducing energy losses within the system at a low operational cost.
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Majeed, Rashid Zaidan *1 Dr. Ali Mohammed Kathim Al-zohuari2 Saif Tahseen Hussain3 Ghanim Thiab Hasan4 Saber Izadpanah Toos5. "A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON VOLTAGE STABILITY MARGIN IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 8, no. 5 (2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4764469.
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In a power system, the excessive voltage drop in the buses due to increasing power demand leads to voltage instability consequent voltage collapse. Hence the voltage stability is a critical concern in a power system. In this paper, the application of tap-changing transformer, shunt capacitor, Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) for improving voltage stability margin is studied. The Continuation Power Flow (CPF) method has been applied to the IEEE 14-bus test system to determine the Maximum Loading Point (MLP) and demonstrate the effectiveness of these devices on improving voltage stability margin. Simulation results show that these devices can increase the load ability margin of power systems and, as a result, causes voltage stability improvement. Although the performance of shunt compensation devices includes SVC, STATCOM, and shunt capacitor are better than other devices.
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Wu, Yan Juan, and Lin Chuan Li. "Improvement of Dynamic Stability in Multi-Machine Power System with TCSC Installed in Tie-Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2813.
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Considering that the capacitance value of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) can be adjusted quickly in capacitive mode, and that accumulated energy can be released in bypass mode. A control strategy is presented for improvement of dynamic stability in multi-machine power system. TCSC inputs maximum capacitive compensation in a appropriate time when equivalent generator of multi-machine power system accelerates relative to center of inertia (COI) after a fault, yet TCSC operates in bypass temporarily mode for deceleration. TCSC adopts conventional dynamic control during other time. By IEEE4 machine 10 nodes system simulation experiment, the effectiveness of the controller is verified.
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Anwar, Zaira, Tahir Nadeem Malik, and Tahir Abbas. "Power Flow and Transient Stability Enhancement using Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation." October 2018 37, no. 4 (2018): 685–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1804.19.
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TL (Transmission Line) congestion is a key factor that affects the power system operational cost. In addition of renewable generation in National Grid of Pakistan, transmission line congestion are frequent. Consequently, the network in this particular region faces severe congestion and dynamic stability problems. It has been planned that renewable plants shaved to curtail some available generation to minimize this inevitable congestion. However, one of the cost-efficient solutions to this problem is series compensation of lines using TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation). It significantly increases the transfer capability of existing power transmission and enhances the dynamic stability of system at a lower cost, and has shorter installation time as compared to the construction of new TLs. This paper deals with the dynamic modeling of a TCSC in the NTDC (National Transmission and Dispatch Company) network with its applications to alleviate congestion during fault conditions. This study has been carried out using simulation software PSS/E (Power System Simulator for Engineers) which does not have a predefined dynamic model for TCSC, this leads to the necessity of creating a user defined model. The model of TCSC has been programmed in FORTRAN and compiled along with existing dynamic models of network components. The results indicate that power flow and dynamic stability of network is enhanced
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Asmaa, sobhy sabik, Saeed Osman EL, and Ebrahim El sayed Mohamed. "Improvement Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System Considering Voltage Stability and Loss Minimization." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 5 (2020): 263–69. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E9467.069520.
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First of the practical defiance's in unsystematized electrical networks is Congestion management. Two manners of percussions used in Congestion management are frill manners and cost free manners. In this paper work congestion is released by using cost free manners seeing (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) FACTS controller like SVC (Static Var compensator), STATCOM, TCSC (Thyristor controlled series Compensator), and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensators) devices. Manifold-objective functions are presumed for congestion management. Small signal stability, voltage profile, and Real power loss reduction are considered objective functions in this paper. The optimal placement of FACTS controller are institute by using sensitivity founded Eigen value analysis and Continuation Power Flow (CPF). The suggested algorithm has used to define optimal placement of FACTS controller and deciphering optimal power flow (OPF) to advance voltage profile and minimize the real power losses within real and reactive power generation margin. The recital analysis has been implemented for IEEE 39 bus test system using MATLAB/PSAT (toolbox) software. Results display the suggested technique has a competency to advance the “Voltage profile, small signal stability, Loss minimization”.
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Chen, Ying, and Xiang Jie Chen. "Analysis for TCSC Steady-State Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1435.
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When the TCSC steady-state operation, the thyristor turn-on and turn-off time is definite, the changing for TCSC electric capacity voltage and thyristor electric current is with the periodicity and symmetry.Thyristor controlled series compensation technology is fixed series compensation technology foundation, which is meet the needs for adaptation electrical power system operation control developing. With changes the triggering angle for thyristor suitably, then can realize the TCSC equivalent reactance fast, continuously and adjusts smoothly, provides the controllable series compensation for the system, as to achieve increases the system transmitting capacity, enhance the transition condition stability, the damping power oscillation, and the purpose for improvement system tidal current distribution. Although in the entire time axis, obtains the analytic expression for TCSC running status variable is difficulty, but as long as had determined the analytic expression for various electrical quantity in a power frequency cycle, according to the stable state movement's symmetry and periodicity, we can determine the steady state profile that in the entire time axis, and then analyses the TCSC electric circuit’s steady-state characteristic with the time domain computation method. In this paper, topological analysis for TCSC operation established by formula, and then carries on the time domain partition to the TCSC electric circuit solution, finally obtains the steady state fundamental frequency impedance model for TCSC. This paper steady-state characteristic analysis is mainly carries on the topological analysis method to the TCSC main circuit, then establishes the stable state base frequency impedance model for TCSC, and analyses the resonance question for TCSC simultaneously. Then studies TCSC the steady- state characteristic, and with modeling and simulation on them to do further research and analysis, and utilizes the solution method for transformation territory, namely applies the Laplace transform solution equation of state. Thus can be obtained the zero-input response and zero status response formula for system.
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Duan, Zhi, Hai Bao, and Hong Shen. "Impacts of TCSC and FSC on the Power-Angle." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1484.
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The Characteristics of FSC (Fixed Series Compensation) and TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) damping power-angle oscillation and increasing the limit of power transmission were analyzed. FSC can damp the power-angle in a certain extent. Based on the linear control combined with Bang-bang control strategy, TCSC can damp power-angle effectively. In the cases of only FSC, only TCSC and their combinations, simulation results demonstrate that TCSC is more effective than FSC in damping power-angle oscillation. A conclusion is made that taking effect and cost into consideration, TCSC and FSC in a certain percentage is appropriate.
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Nkan, I. E., E. E. Okpo, and O. I. Okoro. "Multi-Type FACTS Controllers for Power System Compensation: A Case Study of the Nigerian 48-Bus, 330 kV System." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.9.
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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have provided proficient answers to power system instabilities faced in the systems operations today with very little infrastructural investment fund. This paper investigates the effects of the installation of the combination of two kinds of FACTS controllers; static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) compared with the installation of SVC or TCSC alone in the system. Voltage magnitude profile, active and reactive power losses of the three scenarios were achieved in the Nigerian 48-bus power system network using power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB environment. Simulation results obtained without and with FACTS devices optimally placed using voltage stability sensitivity factor (VSSF), revealed that the percentage decrease of the net real and reactive power losses of the combined SVC and TCSC was the highest at 31.917% whereas that of the standalone SVC and TCSC stood at 19.769% and 30.863% respectively. This shows that in addition to their capabilities to maintain acceptable voltage profile, the combination of SVC and TCSC has better compensating effect as they mitigate against power losses which was observed in their high percentage decrease in power losses compared to the standalone FACTS devices.
 Keywords: FACTS, optimum location, PSAT, SVC, TCSC, VSSF
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Arzeha, Nurul Aziah, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, and Rasyidah Mohamed Idris. "Lead Lag Controller of TCSC Optimized by Bees Algorithm for Damping Low Frequency Oscillation Enhancement in SMIB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.374.
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Power system is often vulnerable to low frequency electromechanical oscillations due to the interconnected configuration. A common lead-lag controller is used for one of the FACTS devices known as Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) as supplementary controller for damping purpose in order to improve transient stability and power oscillation damping of the system. As Bees Algorithm (BA) optimized the parameters of the TCSC lead-lag controller, thus its named is TCSC-BALL. In this study, the optimization problem is formulated as a constrained optimization with the main objective is to move the system eigenvalues to the left as far as possible in order to improve the system stability. Then, the system is simulated in MATLAB by using The Phillips-Heffron model for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) with responses of increases in mechanical power at t=1 second. The performance is observed in terms of electromechanical eigenvalues position on s-plane and damping responses of low-frequency oscillations where the system implemented with the TCSC-BALL controller given better results as compared to the system without and with the inclusion of conventional Power System Stabilizer (CPSS).
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Akolkar, Sonali, and Hitesh Jariwala. "A Novel Methodology for Fault Sensing in Presence of Power Swing for Transmission Line with Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator." Advanced Engineering Forum 50 (September 6, 2023): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ae5sf2.
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Digital distance relaying is implemented in extra high voltage (EHV) transmission network for speedy and reliable fault detection. But it should not activate in case of slow transients known as power swings. However, for occurrence of any type of fault during power swing, the relay should sense the faulty condition and send trip command to concerned circuit breaker. The detection of fault in a transmission line network with TCSC during the power swing condition has become further complex due to transients generated by series capacitor and the metal–oxide varistor (MOV) protecting it. This paper firstly presents effect of TCSC on distance relay operation for varied TCSC degree of compensation and firing angle values. Further, a discrete wavelet transform-based fast acting fault and swing classification algorithm is proposed which can sense all types of faults during slow as well as fast power swing in first decomposition level and within 0.001 sec. The proposed utilizes optimized threshold values both for swing and fault sensing by using Honey Bee Optimization Algorithm (HBOA). The proposed novel algorithm is coded in MATLAB software and the test system comprising of 400kV, 50Hz parallel transmission line network along with TCSC is built using MATLAB Simulink environment with sim power systems toolbox. It is tested for high/low resistance faults, symmetrical/asymmetrical faults and close-in/far end faults by changing TCSC compensation level and firing angle value. The simulation results prove the accuracy of proposed methodology for swing and fault classification.
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Mohamed, Amal Amin, Salah Kamel, Mohamed H. Hassan, Mohamed I. Mosaad, and Mansour Aljohani. "Optimal Power Flow Analysis Based on Hybrid Gradient-Based Optimizer with Moth–Flame Optimization Algorithm Considering Optimal Placement and Sizing of FACTS/Wind Power." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (2022): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030361.
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Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most significant electric power network control and management issues. Adding unreliable and intermittent renewable energy sources to the electrical grid increase and complicates the OPF issue, which calls for using modern optimization techniques to solve this issue. This work presents the optimal location and size of some FACTS devices in a hybrid power system containing stochastic wind and traditional thermal power plants considering OPF. The FACTS devices used are thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and static var compensator (SVC). This optimal location and size of FACTS devices was determined by introducing a multi-objective function containing reserve costs for overestimation and penalty costs for underestimating intermittent renewable sources besides active power losses. The uncertainty in the wind power output is predicted using Weibull probability density functions. This multi-objective function is optimized using a hybrid technique, gradient-based optimizer (GBO), and moth–flame optimization algorithm (MFO).
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Mr., Gautam Shah, and Durgesh Vishwakarma Mr. "Power Flow Control in Power System using Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor TCSC." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589514.
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In modern times, due to the increasing demand for energy as the transmission network expands, the transmission line must operate under a loaded condition and there is a risk of current drain control and voltage instability. This document proposes the control of energy in a network of power supply systems by including TCSC and SVC devices. The TCSC is a series compensated device to reduce the reactance of the transmission line to improve the current through it, while the SVC is a bypass compensated device and improves the voltage profile. This article presents a systematic procedure for modeling and simulation with MATLAB SIMULINK set of blockers for the Simpower system . The optimal location of the TCSC and SVC device is considered for the control of the power flow and the voltage stability limit. The proposed approach is implemented in an 11 state test system model of four two state machines and the simulated result is presented to validate the proposed test case system. In this paper performance of TCSC and SVC, the device is analyzed and compared with the simulated result for better control of the power flow in the power system. Mr. Gautam Shah | Mr. Durgesh Vishwakarma "Power Flow Control in Power System using Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25197.pdf
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Huang, Chao Ming, Yann Chang Huang, and Kun Yuan Huang. "An Advanced Technology for Enhancement of Transmission Loadability Using FACTS Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.502.
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This paper proposes an advanced technology to enhance the transfer capability of transmission system using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS). FACTS consists of thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), thyristor-controlled phase shifting transformer (TCPST), thyristor-controlled voltage regulator (TCVR) and static var compensator (SVC). The location of FACTS and their associated values dominate the transfer capability of transmission system. To determine the optimal solution of FACTS, this paper presents an enhanced differential evolution (EDE) approach to deal with this type of optimization problem. In comparison with basic DE, EDE uses a variable scaling mutation to adaptively adjust the mutation operation and enhance the global search capability of basic DE. The proposed method is verified on an IEEE 30-bus 41-transmission line system. To verify the performance of the proposed method, the basic DE and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods are also implemented using the same database. The results show that the proposed approach provides better transmission loadability with less execution time than the existing methods.
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McDonald, D. J., J. Urbanek, and B. L. Damsky. "Modeling and testing of a thyristor for thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC)." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 9, no. 1 (1994): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.277706.
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Abo-Hamad, Ghada M., Doaa Khalil Ibrahim, Essam Aboul Zahab, and Ahmed F. Zobaa. "Adaptive Mho Distance Protection for Interconnected Transmission Lines Compensated with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092477.
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This paper proposes an adaptive dynamic Mho distance relay based on a phase comparator scheme for protecting interconnected transmission networks compensated with a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The proposed relay uses an impedance index factor to initiate the fault detection subroutine. The RMS of the positive sequence current of the faulted loop and the TCSC terminal current are compared for TCSC zone identification. A phase comparator for ground and phase distance elements is proposed, relying on the positive sequence voltage as a polarized memory quantity, while the operating and polarizing quantities are developed using estimated TCSC impedance to mitigate its negative impact. The proposed scheme is easy in implementation and independent on synchronized data transfer, as minimum communication requirements are needed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, extensive simulation studies were carried out on an IEEE9 bus system compensated with TCSC for different firing angles covering four modes of TCSC operations, different fault types, and fault locations. In addition, an IEEE-39 bus network, as a large interconnected system, is tested for validation purposes. The achieved results designate the precision of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the results indicate its effectiveness for fault resistance tolerance, close-in three phase faults, and stable power swing phenomenon compared with conventional relays.
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Kadhem, Basim. "Using a Reduced Order Robust Control Approach to Damp Subsynchronous Resonance in Power Systems." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.19.1.4.
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his work focuses on the use of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) technique to construct a reliable Static VAr Compensator (SVC), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), and Excitation System controller for damping Subsynchronous Resonance ( SSR ) in a power system. There is only one quantifiable feedback signal used by the controller (generator speed deviation). It is also possible to purchase this controller in a reduced-order form. The findings of the robust control are contrasted with those of the “idealistic” full state optimal control. The LQG damping controller’s regulator robustness is then strengthened by the application of Loop Transfer Recovery (LTR). Nonlinear power system simulation is used to confirm the resilience of the planned controller and demonstrates how well the regulator dampens power system oscillations. The approach dampens all torsional oscillatory modes quickly while maintaining appropriate control actions, according to simulation results.
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Sangeetha, J., and P. Renuga. "Recurrent ANFIS-Coordinated Controller Design for Multimachine Power System with FACTS Devices." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 02 (2016): 1750034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500347.
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This paper proposes the design of auxiliary-coordinated controller for static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) devices by adaptive fuzzy optimized technique for oscillation damping in multimachine power systems. The performance of the coordinated control of SVC and TCSC devices based on feedforward adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (F-ANFIS) is compared with that of the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structure based on recurrent adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (R-ANFIS) network architecture. The objective of the coordinated controller design is to tune the parameters of SVC and TCSC fuzzy lead lag compensator simultaneously to minimize the deviation of rotor angle and rotor speed of the generators. The performance of the system is enhanced by optimally tuning the membership functions of fuzzy lead lag controller parameter of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) by R-ANFIS controller. The training data for F-ANFIS and R-ANFIS are generated by conventional linear control technique under various operating conditions. The offline trained controller tunes the parameter of lead lag controller in online. The oscillation damping ability of the system is analyzed for three-machine test system by calculating the standard deviation and cost function. The superior performance of R-ANFIS controller is compared with various particle swarm optimization-based feedforward ANFIS controllers available in literature.
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Wais, Dunya Sh, and Wafaa S. Majeed. "The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the system for optimum power flow." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (2021): 4678. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4678-4688.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with the issue of reactive power management. The aim of using TCSC units in this study is to minimize active and reactive power losses. Reserve beyond the thermal border, enhance the voltage profile and increase transmission-lines flow while continuing the whole generation cost of the system a little increase compared with its single goal base case. The optimal power flow (OPF) described is a consideration for finding the best size and location of the TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects for minimizing fuel cost of generation units and the costs of installing TCSCs devices. The GSA algorithm's high ability in solving the proposed multi-objective problem is tested on two 9 and 30 bus test systems. For each test system, four case studies are considered to represent both normal and emergency operating conditions. The proposed GSA method's simulation results show that GSA offers a practical and robust high-quality solution for the problem and improves system performance.</span>
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Fadhil, Muqtada, and Layth Tawfeeq Al-Bahrani. "Optimal Power Flow with Wind Turbine and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator Based on Particle Swarm Optimization." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21, no. 2 (2025): 160–72. https://doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.21.2.16.
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Increasing the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into power systems created challenges and difficulties in the management of power flow since RES have variable power production based on their sources, such as Wind Turbines (WT), which depend on the wind speed. This article used Optimal Power Flow (OPF) to reduce these difficulties and to explain how the OPF can manage the power flow over the system, taking different cases of WT power production based on the different wind speeds. It also used Fixable AC Transmission (FACT) devices such as Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC) to add features to the controllability of the power system. The OPF is a non-linear optimization problem. To solve this problem, the artificial intelligence optimization technique is used. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used in the OPF problem in this article. The Objective Functions O.F. discussed here are losses (MW), Voltage Deviation VD (p.u.), and thermal generation fuel Cost ($/h). This article used the wind turbine bus magnitude voltage and the reactance of TCSC as a control variable in OPF. To test this approach, the IEEE 30 bus system is used.
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Zaidan, Majeed Rashid, and Saber Izadpanah Toos. "Emergency congestion management of power systems by static synchronous series compensator." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 3 (2022): 1258–65. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1258-1265.
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From a transmission system point of view, any overload on the grid lines during operation in situations such as peak load or emergency conditions include line outage or generator outage, is refers to congestion. Generally, the congestion can be managed by controlling power flow. On the other hand, series compensation has a significant role in control power flow; therefore, series compensation equipment like fixed series capacitor (FSC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) can be used for congestion management. In this paper, an SSSC is used in a transmission line to manage congestion in emergency conditions, line outage and generator outage. The congestion rent contribution method has been used to determine the location of the SSSC in the IEEE 14-bus test system. This technique finds the transmission line 1-2 (from bus 1 to bus 2) is the best location of the SSSC to reduce congestion. After installing an SSSC in the specified line, simulation results show that the power flow has been controlled, leading to reducing the congestion. In other words, the effectiveness of the SSSC can be seen in reducing the total congestion rent, the total generation cost, and network losses.
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Haroun Ali Hamid, Gomaa. "On design of a robust decentralized controller for an interconnected multi-area power system with FACTS devices." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (2019): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v8i2.118.
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In this article, a robust active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed for load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected multi-area power system. Two widely employed test systems, namely, two-areas and four-areas hydro-thermal power utilities are concerned to validate the efficacy of the suggested method. To enhance the performance of the system, series flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) like thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) are considered. The simulation results indicated that the system performance is improved with the inclusion of FACTS devices. The adjustable parameters of the proposed FACTS controllers are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm employing an Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) criterion. The investigations showed that the proposed controller provides better dynamic performance than others from the point of view of settling time, peak over/undershoot. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the system is inspected by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their pre-specified values. It is observed that the suggested controller based optimization algorithm is robust and performs satisfactorily with the variations in operating load conditions, system parameters and load patterns.
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Shinde, Sandip, Rajiv Gandhi N, G. Simi Margarat, et al. "Enhancing Power System Stability and Efficiency Using Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): A Comprehensive Analysis of Control Strategies and Applications." E3S Web of Conferences 591 (2024): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459101014.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) play a vital role in enhancing the stability, efficiency, and reliability of modern power systems. With the increasing complexity of power grids due to the integration of renewable energy sources, effective control of power flow, voltage regulation, and stability improvement are critical challenges. FACTS devices, such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), and Thyristor- Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), offer advanced solutions to mitigate these challenges by providing dynamic voltage control, reactive power compensation, and congestion management. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various FACTS devices, focusing on their control strategies, applications, and impact on improving power system performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS devices in maintaining voltage stability, optimizing power flow, and minimizing transmission losses, ultimately contributing to a more efficient and resilient power grid.
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Enrique, Reyes-Archundia, V. Chávez-Báez Marco, Méndez-Patiño Arturo, A. Gutiérrez-Gnecchi José, C. Olivares-Rojas Juan, and C. García-Ramírez María. "How to avoid the impact of TCSC on protection schemes." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 13, no. 3 (2022): 053–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7680571.
Full textAbstract:
Because of its undoubted advantages, the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is one of the most widely used power-electronic controllers in power systems. However, the TCSC has also been a cause of concern in protective relaying because of its impact on the impedance seen by conventional distance relays, which may lead to an incorrect assessment of fault distance and, consequently, an erroneous relay tripping. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes using schemes based on traveling waves for protecting TCSC series compensated transmission lines. Since the method avoids using impedance-based techniques, it is not prone to under-reach or over-reach problems, among others. The approach is based on traveling wave analysis using the discrete wavelet transform. The different case studies show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm in a TCSC environment.
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Misrikhanov, M., and Sh Khamidov. "MATHEMATICAL POWER FLOW MODEL IN AN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CONTAINING A SERIAL COMPENSATOR THRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTIVE COMPONENT." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 3 (2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.3-77-0034.
Full textAbstract:
A unified mathematical model of the power flow in a system containing a reactive component compensator consisting of capacitor banks connected in series to a thyristor control reactor is presented. The application of the FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System - Controlled flexible DC power transmission) technology is shown to reduce the gap between the controlled and unmanaged modes of operation of the electric power system (EPS), presenting dispatching personnel with additional degrees of freedom in the management of power flows and voltages in excess and deficit areas of the electric network. The main objectives of the FACTS technology application are studied: increasing the transmission line capacity to the thermal limit; optimizing power flows in a complex heterogeneous network; increasing the static and dynamic stability of the electric power system. To assess the action of the new generation of regulators of the power system, two alternative models of power flow in the electric power system are considered. In the first model, the concept of alternating series reactance is used as a state variable. In the second model, the characteristic of the advance angle is used, given in the form of a nonlinear dependence in the problem of calculating the power flow using the Newton-Raphson method. Conclusions are made on the presented models of power flow allowing to estimate possibilities of the serial capacitor with thyristor control TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor), as FACTS device, on improvement of modes of functioning of electric power system.