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Journal articles on the topic 'Thyroid system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Yu, Jing, Siyi Shen, Ying Yan, et al. "Iodide Excess Inhibits Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Pathway Involving XBP1-Mediated Regulation." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (2023): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040887.

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Iodine is an essential micronutrient for producing thyroid hormone (TH); however, iodide excess can lead to adverse thyroidal effects. Unfortunately, the lack of a proper in vitro model system hampered the studies of the effect of iodide excess on thyroid physiology and pathology. Here, we demonstrated that excessive iodide intake downregulated the genes related to TH synthesis in the thyroids of mice. Since sodium iodide has no effect on these genes in cultured cell lines, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) culture system to enable the murine thyrocytes to form organoids in vitro with thyr

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2

Young, James B., M. Elizabeth Bürgi-Saville, Ulrich Bürgi, and Lewis Landsberg. "Sympathetic nervous system activity in rat thyroid: potential role in goitrogenesis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 288, no. 5 (2005): E861—E867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00292.2004.

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The role of sympathetic innervation in regulation of thyroid function is incompletely understood. We, therefore, carried out studies in rats utilizing techniques of norepinephrine turnover to assess thyroid sympathetic activity in vivo. Thyroidal sympathetic activity was increased 95% by exposure to cold (4°C), 42% by chronic ingestion of an iodine-deficient diet, and 32% in rats fed a goitrogenic diet (low-iodine diet supplemented with propylthiouracil). In addition, fasting for 2 days reduced sympathetic nervous system activity in thyroid by 38%. Thyroid growth and 125I uptake were also comp

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3

Sychik, S. I., A. N. Stozharov, and B. K. Voronetskiy. "The functional state of the thyroid system of children exposed in utero as a result of the Chernobyl disaster." Problems of Endocrinology 45, no. 1 (2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11698.

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A cohort of children exposed in utero after the Chernobyl accident is formed (n=422). Individual absorbed dose (AD) for the fetal thyroid was estimated from direct measurements of dose power for the maternal thyroid and was 0.01-4.5 Gy. The mean AD for the thyroid of pregnant women was 24.09+1.17 sGy, that of prenatally exposed children 44.74+2.58 sGy. Thyroid status of 195 exposed children and 220 controls is examined. Thyroid hormones were radioimmunoassayed and measured by enzyme immunoassay using standard diagnostic kits. Serum triiodothyronine concentrations were significantly increased i

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4

Dr., Zeenath Begum, Zoya Riyaz Syeda Dr., Rohit Anil Khare Dr., Sumaiyya Firdous Dr., and Asra Fatima Dr. "Cytomorphological Correlational Study Of Thyroid Disorders With Imaging And Biochemical Serum Markers." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 07 (2024): 479–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12787642.

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The thyroid disorders are diagnosed through ultrasonography and USG guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)worldwide with implementation of the Bethesda system of reporting Thyroid cytology as an excellent less invasive primary line ofinvestigation.1 The thyroid is an important and prime endocrine organ. The swelling of the thyroid gland is the commonestmanifestation of various disorders affecting the thyroid, including non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic both benign and malignantdisorders.2 Bethesda categorization in FNAC aids in the decision for the management along with thyroid prof

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5

Klein, John R. "The Immune System as a Regulator of Thyroid Hormone Activity." Experimental Biology and Medicine 231, no. 3 (2006): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100301.

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It has been known for decades that the neuroendocrine system can both directly and indirectly influence the developmental and functional activity of the immune system. In contrast, far less is known about the extent to which the immune system collaborates in the regulation of endocrine activity. This is particularly true for immune-endocrine interactions of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Although thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can be produced by many types of extra-pituitary cells-including T cells, B cells, splenic dendritic cells, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, intestinal epit

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6

Novaković, T. "PRIMARY HYPOTHYREOSIS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." Praxis medica 32, no. 1 (2004): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.70949/pramed200401073n.

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&lt;p&gt;The thyroid gland produces two major active thyroid hormones, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The production of these hormones within the thyroid is regulated by thyreotropin (thyroid-stimulating-hormone- TSH). Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and borderline hypothireoidsm word-widw. In non iodine deficient areas, however autoimmunity is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Destructive therapy by surgery or radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis acounts for approximately one third of all cases excessive iodine (e. g. as e result of chronic ingestion of

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7

Sirohi, Devansh, Deepanshu Kashyap, Devendra Pal, Gopal Goyal, and Bhumica Verma. "Thyroid Disease Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (2023): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48531.

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Abstract: This paper aims to recognize the diagnosis of the thyroid disease and then categorize the type of thyroid disease a patient may be suffering from (i.e., hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism). The project implementation is being done by using python and Kaggle is the platform from which the dataset has been taken. At present many machine learning algorithms have been used to detect thyroid disease like but our goal is to implement the machine learning algorithm which has higher accuracy and which takes less time in detecting the disease along with the type of thyroid. We have trained the

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8

Kabel, P. J., H. A. M. Voorbij, R. D. van der Gaag, W. M. Wiersinga, M. de Haan, and H. A. Drexhage. "Dendritic cells in autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 1_Suppl (1987): S42—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.114s042.

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Abstract. Dendritic cells form a morphologically distinct class of cells characterized by shape, reniform nucleus, absent to weak acid-phosphatase activity and strong Class II MHC determinant positivity. Functionally they are the most efficient cells in antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes which indicates their role in the initiation of an immune response. Using immunehistochemical techniques we studied the presence of dendritic cells in normal Wistar rat and human thyroids, in thyroids of BBW rats developing thyroid autoimmunity and in Graves' goitres. Dendritic cells could be identified in

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9

Bai, Dr V. Dooslin Mercy. "Real Time Thyroid Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2440–45. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70666.

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Thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, affect millions of people worldwide, often leading to serious health complications if not diagnosed and managed in a timely manner. Traditional thyroid monitoring relies on invasive blood tests conducted at medical facilities, which can be inconvenient, costly, and infrequent. To address these challenges, this project focuses on the design and development of a Real Time Thyroid Monitoring System, a non-invasive, portable, and userfriendly device that enables continuous tracking of thyroid hormone levels. The proposed system will

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10

Gallowitsch, Hans-Jürgen. "Thyroid and cardiovascular system." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 155, no. 19-20 (2005): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-005-0218-9.

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11

Stepniak, Jan, Andrzej Lewinski та Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska. "Sexual Dimorphism of NADPH Oxidase/H2O2 System in Rat Thyroid Cells; Effect of Exogenous 17β-Estradiol". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, № 12 (2018): 4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124063.

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It has long been observed that females are more susceptible to thyroid diseases than males. Epidemiological and experimental data show that actions of hormonal factors—especially estrogens—may explain such disparity. However, the exact cause and mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism remain so far unknown. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the effect of 17β-estradiol on the redox balance in thyroids of male and female rats. Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, i.e., dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and hydrogen pero

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12

Megeryan, S. D. "Association of the hormonal status parameters with the results of the cardiorespiratory exertion test in athletes." Journal of Clinical Practice 9, no. 3 (2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract09316-21.

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The aim of this study was to identify the specifics of the endocrine system functioning in males professionally involved in sports. We have observed 70 sportsmen and 70 students of the Maritime Academy. The check-up included the following procedures: the ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, assessment of the hormonal status (measuring concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in the blood serum), complete blood count (assessment of the hemoglobin level), assessment of microelements in the blood serum (calcium and

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13

Chung, Shinjae, Xiao-Hui Liao, Caterina Di Cosmo, et al. "Disruption of the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCH1R) Affects Thyroid Function." Endocrinology 153, no. 12 (2012): 6145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1435.

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Abstract Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a peptide produced in the hypothalamus and the zona incerta that acts on one receptor, MCH receptor 1 (MCH1R), in rodents. The MCH system has been implicated in the regulation of several centrally directed physiological responses, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Yet a possible direct effect of the MCH system on thyroid function has not been explored in detail. We now show that MCH1R mRNA is expressed in thyroid follicular cells and that mice lacking MCH1R [MCH1R-knockout (KO)] exhibit reduced circulating iodothyronine (T4, free

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14

Iskritsky, A. M., and S. E. Sorokina. "The functional state of the thyroid system in pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas in Belarus." Problems of Endocrinology 43, no. 6 (1997): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl199743620-22.

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The study was aimed at detecting the disorders and specific features in the function of the thyroid system in pregnant women, parturients, and puerperae in Byelorussia after the Chernobyl accident. Serum total thyroxin, total triiodothyronine, and thyroxin-binding globulin were radioimmunoassayed in 151 women. The concentrations of total thyroxin and total triiodothyronine were decreased during the second and at the beginning of the third gestation trimesters, these changes being most expressed in regions with radionuclide pollution, which are, in addition, intensive foci of endemic goiter. In

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15

Pattanashetti, Mallikarjun A., Ranjit P. Kangle, and Hema B. Bannur. "Spectrum of Thyroid lesions in a tertiary care hospital using Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 4, no. 3 (2017): A279—A283. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.1340.

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16

J. Patil, Nanda, Dhirajkumar Shukla, and Pankti M. Patel. "Cytopathological Study of Palpable Thyroid Lesions Using the Bethesda System for Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC)." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 5, no. 2 (2016): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.5216.13.

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17

Ahmad Ansari Pramila, Shamim. "Evaluation of FNAC Thyroid Smears using Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology Nomenclature with Clinicopathological Correlation." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 5 (2023): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23508195126.

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18

CHAN, SHIAO, and JOANNE ROVET. "THYROID HORMONES IN FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT." Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 14, no. 3 (2003): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539503001086.

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Thyroid hormones are important for normal development of the human central nervous system (CNS). It is well established in children with congenital hypothyroidism that neonatal thyroid hormone deficiency significantly impairs subsequent neurodevelopment. In these children, the period of thyroid hormone insufficiency, which can begin in utero and extend until thyroid status is restored to normal in the neonatal period, determines the severity and type of defect manifested. While prompt and optimal thyroid hormone supplementation, following newborn screening is associated with far improved outco

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19

Lachowicz, Katarzyna, Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk, and Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz. "Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis activity and function of cardiac muscle in energy deficit." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71 (December 29, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7639.

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Frequently repeated statement that energy restriction is a factor that improves cardiovascular system function seems to be not fully truth. Low energy intake modifies the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis activity and thyroid hormone peripheral metabolism. Thyroid hormones, as modulators of the expression and activity of many cardiomyocyte proteins, control heart function. Decreased thyroid hormone levels and their disturbanced conversion and action result in alternation of cardiac remodeling, disorder of calcium homeostasis and diminish myocardial contractility. This review provides a summa

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20

Patil, Mahesh C., Narasimha Murthy, Yennam Sudhasree, and A. Lavanya. "Diagnostic Utility of Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6, no. 4 (Part-1) (2017): 958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.6417.21.

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21

Radzivil, T. T., I. V. Oradovskay, and V. T. Antipin. "Application of a system of immune status complex inspection in personnel ofchemical production." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, no. 2 (2007): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-2-129-134.

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Screening examinations of chemical industry workers aimed at early revealing immunodeficiency status, subclinical forms of thyroid gland diseases, oncologic diseases, diseases of a gastrointestinal tract and pathology of mammary glands. Levels of a thyrotrophic hormone (TTH) and of free thyroxin, oncologic organ-specific markers, basic subpopulations of lymphocytes were determined blood serum. The study results revealed basic immune-pathologic syndromes which require immune corrective measures in practically healthy people; subclinical forms of thyroid gland diseases, cancers of various locali

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22

Ramya, T. "Interactive Thyroid Disease Prediction System Using Machine Learning Technique." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27422.

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Thyroid disease is a major cause of formation in medical diagnosis and in the prediction, onset to which it is a difficult axiom in the medical research. Thyroid gland is one of the most important organs in our body. The secretions of thyroid hormones are culpable in controlling the metabolism. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are one of the two common diseases of the thyroid that releases thyroid hormones in regulating the rate of body’s metabolism. Data cleansing techniques were applied to make the data primitive enough for performing analytics to show the risk of patients obtaining thyroi

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Omer Bahabara, Jamal, Ahmed Salem Basabaa, Abeer Mohammed Bin Thalab, Sameer Yeslam Baothman, Mohammed Khamis Alakbary, and Nabeel Salim Musiaan. "Correlation Between the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Bethesda System of Cytology in Thyroid Nodule Evaluation." Diyala Journal of Medicine 26, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.26028500423.

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Background: Accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules is important for avoiding unnecessary surgeries and allowing timely treatment. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most commonly used diagnostic procedures. Objective: To correlate ultrasonography with the FNAC report findings using the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Patients and Methods: A prospective study conducted from January 2021 to J

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24

Lawson, N., N. Mike, R. Wilson, and H. Pandov. "Assessment of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for thyrotropin in routine clinical practice." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 4 (1986): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.4.684.

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Abstract We assessed the use of a dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) system to measure thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) in routine clinical practice. The assay is simple and precise, with intrabatch CV of less than 10% down to 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. When compared with free thyroxin, total thyroxin, and triiodothyronine measurements in 142 patients, the present assay most sensitively indicated hyperthyroidism and, in conjunction with free thyroxin, most sensitively indicated hypothyroidism. Free thyroxin was the most specific assay (lowest number of falsel

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25

Müller, Kathrin, Dagmar Führer, Jens Mittag, et al. "TSH Compensates Thyroid-Specific IGF-I Receptor Knockout and Causes Papillary Thyroid Hyperplasia." Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 11 (2011): 1867–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-0065.

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Abstract Although TSH stimulates all aspects of thyroid physiology IGF-I signaling through a tyrosine kinase-containing transmembrane receptor exhibits a permissive impact on TSH action. To better understand the importance of the IGF-I receptor in the thyroid in vivo, we inactivated the Igf1r with a Tg promoter-driven Cre-lox system in mice. We studied male and female mice with thyroidal wild-type, Igf1r+/−, and Igf1r−/− genotypes. Targeted Igf1r inactivation did transiently reduce thyroid hormone levels and significantly increased TSH levels in both heterozygous and homozygous mice without af

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26

WENISCH, H. J. C., P. M. SCHUMM-DRAEGER, P. A. BEYER, and A. ENCKE. "Immune system and thyroid carcinoma." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 1_Suppl (1986): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.111s089.

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27

Petunina, N. A., N. S. Martirosian, and L. V. Truhina. "Thyroid dysfunction and hematopoietic system." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 7, no. 4 (2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket20117427-31.

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28

&NA;. "Atomlab 900 Thyroid Uptake System." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 17, no. 12 (1992): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199212000-00027.

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29

Xu, Bin, Talia L. Fuchs, Sara Ahmadi, et al. "International Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Grading System: A Validated Grading System for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 1 (2022): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.01329.

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PURPOSE Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor (NET) arising from the calcitonin-producing C cells. Unlike other NETs, there is no widely accepted pathologic grading scheme. In 2020, two groups separately developed slightly different schemes (the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Sydney grade) on the basis of proliferative activity (mitotic index and/or Ki67 proliferative index) and tumor necrosis. Building on this work, we sought to unify and validate an internationally accepted grading scheme for MTC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor tissue from 327 patien

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30

Cho, So-Hyun, Su-Min Lee, Na-Young Lee, et al. "High-Resolution Tactile-Sensation Diagnostic Imaging System for Thyroid Cancer." Sensors 23, no. 7 (2023): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073451.

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In this study, we propose the direct diagnosis of thyroid cancer using a small probe. The probe can easily check the abnormalities of existing thyroid tissue without relying on experts, which reduces the cost of examining thyroid tissue and enables the initial self-examination of thyroid cancer with high accuracy. A multi-layer silicon-structured probe module is used to photograph light scattered by elastic changes in thyroid tissue under pressure to obtain a tactile image of the thyroid gland. In the thyroid tissue under pressure, light scatters to the outside depending on the presence of mal

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Stoian, Dana, Luciana Moisa, Laura Taban, et al. "Quantification of Thyroid Viscosity in Healthy Subjects Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Dispersion (Viscosity PLUS)." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (2022): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092194.

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Shear-wave elastography (SWE) is widely used in thyroid evaluation, but multiple factors influence thyroid stiffness. Estimating tissue viscosity may enhance the ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid diseases, along with the ultrasound (US) and the SWE assessment. In order to be able to detect diffuse thyroid disease by viscosity measurements, it is essential to firstly define the normal values of thyroid viscosity in healthy subjects. Currently there are no published data on thyroid viscosity measurements. This first prospective study aimed to determine the normal range of thyroid viscosity values

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32

Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, and Argon Chen. "Can Thyroid Ultrasonography with Computer System Predict Thyroid Follicular Cancer?" Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 43 (2017): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1331.

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Omer Bahabara,, Jamal, Ahmed Salem Basabaa,, Abeer Mohammed Bin Thalab,, Sameer Yeslam Baothman,, Mohammed Khamis Alakbary,, and Nabeel Salim Musiaan. "Correlation Between the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Bethesda System of Cytology in Thyroid Nodule Evaluation." Diyala Journal of Medicine 26, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.v26i2.1092.

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Background: Accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules is important for avoiding unnecessary surgeries and allowing timely treatment. Ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most commonly used diagnostic procedures. Objective: To correlate ultrasonography with the FNAC report findings using the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Patients and Methods: A prospective study conducted from January 2021 to J

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MOHAMMED ALEEM, M.D., HAYTHAM M. NASSER, M. D. ;. "Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Versus Thyroid Scan for Solitary Thyroid Nodules." Medical Journal of Cairo University 87, no. 9 (2019): 3789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjcu.2019.69958.

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Wakde, Mrs Bhagyashri. "NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE AND THYROID MONITORING SYSTEM." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31089.

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Frequent blood tests have historically been necessary to monitor thyroid function and blood glucose levels, which can be painful and inconvenient for patients. In this work, we provide a unique non-invasive blood glucose and thyroid monitoring device. With the use of cutting-edge sensor technology, our system can precisely measure thyroid and glucose via the skin without the need for blood draws or needles. This method provides a simple and easy substitute for conventional techniques, which may increase patient adherence to monitoring schedules. This non-invasive monitoring system's creation m

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Kondo, Tetsuo, Nobuki Nakamura, Koichi Suzuki, et al. "Expression of Human Pendrin in Diseased Thyroids." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 2 (2003): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100205.

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We examined pendrin expression in various diseased thyroid tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antiserum raised against human pendrin and by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In normal thyroids the antiserum reacted with the apical membrane of follicular cells and its immunoreactivity was faint. In Graves’ thyroids, the IHC expression of pendrin appeared in a pattern similar to that of normal thyroids but it was more extensive and stronger, especially in areas showing marked proliferation of follicular cells. The immunoreactivities of pendrin in nodular goiters varied from case to case. I

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Goretzki, Peter E., Rainer Koob, Christine Koller, and Hans-Dietrich Röher. "Thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates cell growth and DNA synthesis in monolayer cultures of human thyrocytes independent of the adenylate-cyclase system." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 1_Suppl (1987): S273—S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.114s273.

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Abstract. Monolayer cultures of human thyrocytes from normal thyroids (n = 13), thyroid adenomas (n = 8), differentiated (n = 7), poorly and undifferentiated (n = 5) thyroid cancers as well as thyroid cancer metastases (n = 2) were established to assess the significance of TSH and cAMP on cell growth and DNA synthesis. Cell growth was stimulated by 0.1 IU bTSH/ml and inhibited by 1.0 IU bTSH/ml (P < 0.01), while dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP) failed to show any effect on cell growth at the concentrations (10–5; 10–3 mol/l), tested. Neither did the adenylate-cyclase inhibitor dideoxy-adenosine (ddA

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K., Jayasree, Jayalaxmi ., and Priyanka C. "The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology with Histological Correlation." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6, no. 1 (2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.6117.18.

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Köhrle, Josef. "Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043393.

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The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regu

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Dijck-Brouwer, D. A. Janneke, Frits A. J. Muskiet, Richard H. Verheesen, Gertjan Schaafsma, Anne Schaafsma, and Jan M. W. Geurts. "Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Requirements for Iodine and Selenium: A Combined Evolutionary and (Patho)Physiological Approach." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (2022): 3886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14193886.

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Iodide is an antioxidant, oxidant and thyroid hormone constituent. Selenoproteins are needed for triiodothyronine synthesis, its deactivation and iodine release. They also protect thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues from hydrogen peroxide used in the ‘peroxidase partner system’. This system produces thyroid hormone and reactive iodine in exocrine glands to kill microbes. Exocrine glands recycle iodine and with high urinary clearance require constant dietary supply, unlike the thyroid. Disbalanced iodine-selenium explains relations between thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD) and cancer of thyroid

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Aissiou, Selma, Nadjia Boucekkine, Eoghan M. Cunnane, Nasrin G. Gashti, Amina Oumeziane, and Naima Kaci. "Expression of thyroid antigens in the female reproductive system." African Journal of Reproductive Health 28, no. 9 (2024): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i9.13.

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Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) has been linked to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications, even in euthyroid women. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying this association is not fully understood. This study seeks to investigate the expression of thyroid antigens within the human female reproductive system, potentially identifying targets for thyroid antibodies. Human biopsies of endometrium and follicular granulosa cells were collected and thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG) expression was evaluated in these tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results showed, for

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Dhume, Varsha, and Vikas Kavishwar. "Impact of Bethesda System of Reporting for Thyroid Cytopathology." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 6, no. 1 (2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1145.

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ABSTRACT FNAC though considered the gold standard diagnostic test in the evaluation of a thyroid nodule, has many issues regarding the terminologies and interpretation. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) hosted the NCI Thyroid Fine needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference in 2007, which acknowledged the importance of developing a uniform terminology for reporting thyroid FNA results to facilitate effective communication among cytopathologists, endocrinologist, surgeons, radiologists and other healthcare providers. The NCI Conference concluded the terminology and morphologic criteria

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Sauter, Jennifer L., Heidi Lehrke, Xiaotun Zhang, et al. "Assessment of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, no. 4 (2019): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz076.

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Abstract Objectives Long-term follow-up is important for determining performance characteristics of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Methods Histologic or 3 or more years of clinical follow-up was used to calculate performance characteristics of thyroid FNA before and after implementation of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). The impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) classification was also investigated. Results Follow-up was obtained for 1,277/1,134 and 1,616/1,393 aspirates/patients (median clinical

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Esina, M. M. "SYSTEM OF REPRODUCTION IN HYPOTHYREOSIS." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 2 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/2313-8726-2017-4-2-77-83.

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Hypothyreosis is one of the most common endocrine pathologies closely related with the reproductive system. In female patients with hypofunction of the thyroid gland, various disorders occur in the reproductive system: menstrual cycle deteriorations, miscarriage, infertility. Therefore, the study of thyroid function should be carried out as a screening in women planning pregnancy, as well as in infertile couples in the treatment of the infertility. When hypothyreosis is detected, L-thyroxine replacement therapy is necessary.

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Zantut-Wittmann, Denise Engelbrecht, Luís Henrique Barbosa Boechat, Glauce Aparecida Pinto, Miriam Aparecida da Silva Trevisan, and José Vassallo. "Autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases have different patterns of cellular HLA class II expression." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 117, no. 4 (1999): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31801999000400004.

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CONTEXT: Surface HLA-DR antigen is usually only expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). In autoimmune thyroid disease, follicle cells function as APC, thus expressing HLA-DR. However, non-autoimmune thyroid diseases may also express surface class II antigens. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and pattern of HLA class II expression in autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid disorders. DESIGN: Retrospective: histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. LOCATION: Referral center, university hospital. SAMPLE: Ten histologically normal thyroids, 11 Graves’ disease, 7 Hashimoto’s thyroid

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Volpé, Robert, Anders Karlsson, Rolf Jansson, and Per Anders Dahlberg. "Thyrostatic drugs act through modulation of thyroid cell activity to induce remissions in Graves' disease." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 1_Suppl (1987): S305—S311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.114s305.

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Abstract. It has been proposed elsewhere that antithyroid drugs (ATD) bring about remissions in Graves' disease (GD) by directly suppressing the immune system. The decline in thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) and other thyroid autoantibodies, and the reduction in intra-thyroidal lymphocytes has been attributed to this effect, which has been considered to be via interference with oxidative reactions within the antigen-presenting cell. However, if ATD exert an immunosuppressive effect, one might expect that this would be a pharmacological action, paralleling the overall pharmacological effect

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Kienle, Richard D., David Bruyette, and Paul D. Pion. "Effects of Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid Dysfunction on the Cardiovascular System." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 24, no. 3 (1994): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(94)50055-x.

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Satoh, Shinya, Hiroyuki Yamashita, and Kennichi Kakudo. "Thyroid Cytology: The Japanese System and Experience at Yamashita Thyroid Hospital." Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 51, no. 6 (2017): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.09.29.

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR). "The Bethesda System's Role in Enhancing Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: A Cytohistological Analysis." International Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR) 8, no. 2 (2025): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15240591.

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<strong>Introduction</strong> Thyroid diseases are prevalent worldwide and accounts for approximately 42 million cases in India. Palpable thyroid nodules are about 4-7% in the middle-aged population and increase with age. FNAC is the first-line of investigation for evaluating the thyroid nodules. It is a quick, easy and cost effective test to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is essential for the initial evaluation and clinical management of thyroid nodules. At present, most thyroid FNAC specimens are classified with The Bethesd

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Paunkov, Ana, Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis, Panos G. Ziros, Niki Chondrogianni, Thomas W. Kensler, and Gerasimos P. Sykiotis. "Impact of Antioxidant Natural Compounds on the Thyroid Gland and Implication of the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 16 (2019): 1828–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190701165821.

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Background:Natural compounds with potential antioxidant properties have been used in the form of food supplements or extracts with the intent to prevent or treat various diseases. Many of these compounds can activate the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway. Besides, some of them are known to impact the thyroid gland, often with potential side-effects, but in other instances, with potential utility in the treatment of thyroid disorders.Objective:In view of recent data regarding the multiple roles of Nrf2 in the thyroid, this review summarizes the current bibliography on natural compounds that can have

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