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Journal articles on the topic 'Ti-Ir-Ru'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Long, Ping, Qing Fen Li, Li Kun Xu, Li Li Xue, and Yong Lei Xin. "The Promotional Effect of Lanthanum Additive on the Apparent Electrocatalysis of Ti/(Ru,Ir)O_X Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.596.

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Ti/(Ru,Ir)Ox, and Ti/(Ru,Ir,La)Ox oxide electrodes were prepared by using thermal decomposition of the metal chlorides in the precursor solution on the Ti base. Their apparent electrocatalytic activity investigated by cyclic voltammetry, polarization curve, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. These data show that Ti/(Ru,Ir,La)Ox oxide electrode exhibits considerably high voltammetric charges, apparent current density and low onset potential for the ClER and OER. The XRD results reveal the main formation of the La-containing oxide electrode in amorphous phase.

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2

Qu, Dong, Jin Hu, Chun Feng Hu, Yu Tian Wang, and Lin Su. "Study on Performance of Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti Oxide Coating Anodes Prepared with Method of Surface Nitriding on Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.87.

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TiN intermediate layer was prepared by heating treatment of titanium plates under N2 flow at 800°C, and the Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti oxide coating anodes were prepared by pechini method based on the as-prepared Ti/TiN substrate. The properties of the Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti coating anodes with and without TiN intermediate layer, such as microstructure, chlorine evolution, cyclic voltammetry and accelerated life test were investigated. The results show that the method of surface nitriding on titanium-based has not a significant impact on the chlorine evolution and catalytic activity, but has a certain role in the impro

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3

Khorujaya, Vera, and Kostyantyn Korniyenko. "Ir-Ru-Ti Ternary Phase Diagram Evaluation." MSI Eureka 36 (December 21, 2006): 10.14783.1.5. https://doi.org/10.7121/msi-eureka-10.14783.1.5.

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4

Hrbek, Tomáš, Šárka Paušová, and Karel Bouzek. "Strain-Engineered Ir Shell Enhances Activity and Stability of Ir-Ru Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: An Operando Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study." Advanced Energy Materials 15, no. 12 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202403738.

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About the dataset: Ir-Ru alloys with high Ru content serve as stable and highly active catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEM-WEs), enabling efficient operation with low Ir loadings (150 µg cm−2). Despite this, the mechanisms behind their enhanced stability remain unclear. In this study, operando Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and ex situ techniques are utilized to investigate the structural evolution of these magnetron-sputtered alloys during a PEM-WE operation. The findings reveal that Ru leaches from the surface

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5

Jedwab, J. "‘Irite’ (Hermann, 1836/1841) from the Urals." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 2 (2004): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046820193.

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AbstractA reappraisal of Hermann's ‘irite’, described in 1836 and 1841, has been attempted by examining and analysing three museum samples, accessioned before 1865. The three samples were determined to be mixtures of chromite, native Os and Ir, rutheniridosmine, platinum, laurite, hongshiite, irarsite, cuprorhodsite, iridsite, prassoite, hollingworthite, erlichmannite, several Ru-Ir-Pt-Ti-Cr-Fe oxide/ hydroxide compounds (sometimes well crystallized), Pt-Ir-K chlorocompounds, and Pt-Ir-Ru-K-Clcontaining opal. The latter two are considered as artifacts generated by the hydrometallurgical proces

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6

Eremenko, V. N., V. G. Khoruzhaya, and T. D. Shtepa. "Solidus surface of the Ti-Ru-Ir system." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 26, no. 10 (1987): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00794369.

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7

Lahn, Leopold, Viktoriia A. Saveleva, Andrea M. Mingers, et al. "Structure–Activity–Stability Relationship of Ru-Ir-Ti Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362028mtgabs.

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Environmentally friendly strategies for energy conversion and storage are urgently needed to account for natural intensity variations of power generation by renewables and to ensure a stable electrical grid. Green hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis, can be considered as one of the most promising energy carriers since it can balance the energy demand in multiple energy sectors. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) are state of the art devices for on-site hydrogen production. Still, their upscaling is challenged by the corrosive acidic environment and sluggish anodic oxygen

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8

Zeradjanin, Aleksandar R., Nadine Menzel, Wolfgang Schuhmann, and Peter Strasser. "On the faradaic selectivity and the role of surface inhomogeneity during the chlorine evolution reaction on ternary Ti–Ru–Ir mixed metal oxide electrocatalysts." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 27 (2014): 13741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00896k.

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9

Dhana Raju, R., S. Vijayalakshmi, T. R. Mahalingam, C. R. M. Rao, and Madhuparna Roy. "Platinum Group Elements in REE-Th-Zr-Ti-Rich Tremolite-Actinolite Rock from Vattalakki, Palghat District, Kerala." Journal Geological Society of India 51, no. 4 (1998): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1998/510411.

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Abstract Platinum Group Elemental (PGEs-Pt, Ir, Pd, Rh and Ru) contents, determined by ICP-MS, are reported in a rare REE-Th-Zr-Ti-rich ultrabasic tremolite-actinolite rock from Vattalakki, Kerala. Data on PGE, together with unusually high contents of REE, Th, Zr and Ti at percent level, indicate this rock as 'anomalous'.

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10

Piñeiro, Alexis, Xiuyu Wu, Mouna Rafei, Paul Jonathan Mörk, and Eduardo Gracia-Espino. "Developing a Highly Stable Quaternary Sn-Sb-Mo-W Scaffold to Protect Active Metals for Corrosion during the Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 58 (2023): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02582811mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis powered by renewable energies is seen as one of the most powerful techniques for the high production of ultra-pure hydrogen. However, PEM requires of noble metals as catalysts while operating under harsh acidic conditions, creating a detrimental environment which conducts to fast corrosion of the catalyst. Reducing and extending the lifetime of noble metals under acidic conditions will benefit the hydrogen economy. Currently, one of the major limitations relies on the high corrosion that anode electrocatalysts suffer, where the oxygen evolution

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11

Cai, Ze-Xing, Hiromi Goou, Yoshikazu Ito, et al. "Nanoporous ultra-high-entropy alloys containing fourteen elements for water splitting electrocatalysis." Chemical Science 12, no. 34 (2021): 11306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01981c.

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Nanoporous ultra-high-entropy alloys containing 14 elements (Al, Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ir, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, and Ti) were obtained by dealloying. The products showed excellent electrocatalytic performance for water splitting in acidic media.

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12

Goudarzi, Mona, and Mohammad Ghorbani. "Deposition of (Ti, Ru)O2 and (Ti, Ru, Ir)O2 oxide coatings prepared by sol–gel method on titanium." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 79, no. 1 (2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4009-0.

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13

Zhang, Rui, Weixin Lv, Guanghua Li, Mohammed Adnan Mezaal, and Lixu Lei. "Correction: Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate with a Sn cathode and an IrxSnyRuzO2/Ti anode." RSC Advances 5, no. 93 (2015): 76083–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra90083b.

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Correction for ‘Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate with a Sn cathode and an Ir<sub>x</sub>Sn<sub>y</sub>Ru<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Ti anode’ by Rui Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 68662–68667.

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14

Wang, Cuiping, Chi Zhang, Yichun Wang, Jiajia Han, Weiwei Xu та Xingjun Liu. "Effects of Transition Elements on the Structural, Elastic Properties and Relative Phase Stability of L12 γ′-Co3Nb from First-Principles Calculations". Metals 11, № 6 (2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060933.

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In order to explore novel light-weight Co-Nb-based superalloys with excellent performance, we studied the effects of alloying elements including Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y, Zr, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt on the structural stability, elastic and thermodynamic properties of γ′-Co3Nb through first-principles calculations. The results of transfer energy indicate that Y, Zr, Hf and Ta have a strong preference for Nb sites, while Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt have a strong tendency to occupy the Co sites. In the ground state, the addition of alloying elements plays a positive role in

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15

Danilovic, Nemanja, Ram Subbaraman, Dusan Strmcnik, Vojislav Stamenkovic, and Nenad Markovic. "Electrocatalysis of the HER in acid and alkaline media." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 12 (2013): 2007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc131118136d.

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Trends in the HER are studied on selected metals (M= Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Ru, Ir, Ti) in acid and alkaline environments. We found that with the exception of Pt, Ir and Au, due to high coverage by spectator species on non-noble metal catalysts, experimentally established positions of Cu , Ag, Ru and Ti in the observed volcano relations are still uncertain. We also found that while in acidic solutions the M-Hupd binding energy most likely is controlling the activity trends, the trends in activity in alkaline solutions are controlled by a delicate balance between two descriptors: the M-Had interaction

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16

Isarain-Chávez, Eloy, Maria Dolors Baró, Emma Rossinyol, et al. "Comparative electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange azo dye using Ti/Ir-Pb, Ti/Ir-Sn, Ti/Ru-Pb, Ti/Pt-Pd and Ti/RuO 2 anodes." Electrochimica Acta 244 (August 2017): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.101.

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17

Su, Lin, Jin Hu, Yu Tian Wang, Wei Jun Zhang, and Ying Li. "Preparation and Performance of Titanium Matrix Anodized Oxide Coating Anode Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.247.

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In this study, modification of the anodizing titanium substrate surface will be used to prepare titanium oxide films that have a porous structure. A Ru-Ir-Ti/Ti anode oxide coating was prepared by the Pechini method. The microstructure of the coating is observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The phase of the coating is analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties of the coating are studied by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and the tests of polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry and strengthen electrolysis life. The results show that titanium oxide film prepared by a

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18

Li, Shu-Long, Hui Yin, Xiang Kan, Li-Yong Gan, Udo Schwingenschlögl, and Yong Zhao. "Potential of transition metal atoms embedded in buckled monolayer g-C3N4 as single-atom catalysts." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 44 (2017): 30069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp05195f.

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We use first-principles calculations to systematically explore the potential of transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au) embedded in buckled monolayer g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as single-atom catalysts.

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19

Yasutake, Masahiro, Zhiyun Noda, Junko Matsuda, Stephen Matthew Lyth, Masamichi Nishihara, and Kazunari Sasaki. "Ru-Core Ir-Shell Catalysts Deposited on a Surface-Modified Porous Transport Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3179. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453179mtgabs.

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Introduction The capital expenditure of electrolyzers significantly impacts the cost of green hydrogen. Regarding polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis, platinum group metal (PGM) loading is the major factor in increasing the electrolyzer cost. In particular, anode components have to use a large amount of PGM materials for their severe acidic and high potential condition. Iridium catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and platinum coatings to prevent Ti oxidation of the porous transport layer (PTL) should be reduced to meet the future PGM loading requirements 1. Our research

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20

Vallet, C. E. "Computer Simulations of the Semiconductor‐Metal Transition in Ru/Ti and Ir/Ti Mixed Oxides." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 138, no. 5 (1991): 1234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2085765.

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21

Zhang, Rui, Weixin Lv, Guanghua Li, Mohammed Adnan Mezaal, and Lixu Lei. "Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate with a Sn cathode and an IrxSnyRuzO2/Ti anode." RSC Advances 5, no. 84 (2015): 68662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13618k.

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The energy efficiency for reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to formate is 35.6% when a Pt electrode is used as the anode, and it can increase to 42.1% when an Ir<sub>x</sub>Sn<sub>y</sub>Ru<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Ti electrode with lower overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction is used as the anode.

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22

Dobromyslov, Arkadiy V. "Nature and Regularities of the Orthorhombic α″-Phase Formation in Binary Titanium Alloys". Alloys 2, № 3 (2023): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/alloys2030011.

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A systematic study of the phase composition of quenched binary titanium alloys with d-metals of groups 5–11 from periods four to six was carried out using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the formation of the orthorhombic α″-phase depends on the position of the alloying metal in the periodic table. The formation of the α″-phase occurs only in the systems Ti-V, Ti-Nb, Ti-Mo, Ti-Ru, Ti-Ta, Ti-W, Ti-Re, Ti-Os and Ti-Ir, and in other systems, it does not occur. It was found that the critical parameter for the formation of the α″-phase is the difference in the size of ti

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23

Lutsyk, V., and V. Vorob'eva. "New Phase Regions of Ir-Ru-Ti System with Eutectic-Peritectic Transformation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 47 (December 13, 2013): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/47/1/012049.

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24

B., Ramachandra, and Narayana B. "Complexes of Agl, TII, ZnII, PbII, CdII, Hgll, ColI, NiII, RuII, Pdll, Rhlll, RullI and IrIII with 4-salicylideneamino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazin( 4H)-5-one." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, May 1999 (1999): 239–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5848668.

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Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574 199, India <em>Manuscript received 11 November 1998, accepted 4 February 1999</em> The complexes of Ag<sup>I</sup>, TI<sup>I</sup>, Zn<sup>II</sup>, Pb<sup>II</sup>, Cd<sup>II</sup>, Hg<sup>II</sup>, Co<sup>II</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup>, Ru<sup>II</sup>, Pd<sup>II</sup>, Rh<sup>III</sup>, Ru<sup>III</sup> and Ir<sup>III</sup> with 4-salicylidenearnino-3-rnercapto-1,2,4-triazin(4<em>H</em>)-5-one (<strong>SAMT</strong>) have been synthesised. Octahedral structures have been proposed for the CoII, Ni<sup>II</sup>, Ru<sup>

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25

Forti, Juliane C., Robson S. Rocha, Adalgisa R. De Andrade, and Marcos R. V. Lanza. "Application of Oxides Electrodes (Ru, Ti, Ir and Sn) for the Electrooxidation of Levofloxacin." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411013666180705142302.

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Background: The main sources of antibiotic pollution are industries, hospitals, and urban effluents, as well as wastewater from farms that use antibiotics for veterinary purposes. Fluoroquinolones are very useful as antimicrobial agents and are probably among the most important classes of synthetic antibiotics in veterinary and human medicines worldwide. Despite this relevance, studies on the analysis of fluoroquinolones in wastewaters and alternative processes to degrade these compounds, and their effects on human health and environment are scarce. Here, we prepared different oxide electrodes

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26

Todoroki, Naoto. "(Invited) Surface and Interface Structure Control of Water Electrolysis Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 58 (2024): 3894. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02583894mtgabs.

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The development of highly active and durable electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for efficient hydrogen production by polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Ir oxide is currently used as OER catalysts, while their extreme scarcity and high cost hinder the widespread adoption of PEMWE. Recently, Ru oxide has attracted attention as a non-iridium OER catalyst with high electronic conductivity. However, since its electrochemical stability under acidic environment is quite low compared to Ir oxide, significant stability improvement is needed for practica

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27

Lutsyk, Vasily I., Vera P. Vorob'eva, Olga G. Sumkina, and Bulat V. Tsyngeev. "Three-Phase Reaction Type Changing in Mo-Zr-V and Ti-Ir-Ru Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 16 (2013): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130825-4-us-2038.00038.

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28

Eremenko, V. N., V. G. Khoruzhaya, and T. D. Shtepa. "Phase equilibria in the solidification range of alloys of the Ti-Ru-Ir system." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 26, no. 11 (1987): 928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00794115.

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29

Wei, C., D. Zhang, and J. Liu. "Dimensionally Stable Ti-Based Ru–Ir Electrode Based Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Degradation of Methamphetamine." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 93, no. 12 (2023): 3174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363223120174.

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30

Kim, Joohyun, and Sungjun Bae. "Fabrication of Ti/Ir-Ru electrode by spin coating method for electrochemical removal of copper." Environmental Engineering Research 24, no. 4 (2019): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.229.

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31

Rodríguez, Juan F., and José L. Nava. "Active chlorine electrosynthesis from dilute chloride solutions in a flow cell equipped with a Ti|Ti-Ru-Ir-oxides anode." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 196 (February 2024): 109634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2023.109634.

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32

Barnes, Sarah-Jane. "Platinum-Group Element and Trace Element Contents of Chromite Grains from the Alexo Komatiite Flows Compared with Chromites from Other Volcanic Rocks: Implications for the Use of Chromite Compositions in Petrogenesis." Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 62, no. 5 (2024): 659–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/2400002.

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Abstract The compositions of chromites from volcanic rocks is of interest for two reasons. First, most chromite-rich rocks from intrusions and the mantle are enriched in Os, Ir, Ru (Ir-platinum-group elements, IPGE), and Rh relative to volcanic rocks and in some cases are also enriched in Pd and Pt. There is a small data base showing that chromites from volcanic rocks contain IPGE and Rh, but that chromites from intrusions generally do not contain any of the PGE. Thus, the role that chromite plays in enriching chromite-rich rocks in PGE is not clear. Secondly, the major ore deposits are found

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33

Huo, Jinrong, Haocong Wei, Kai Zhang, Chenxu Zhao, and Chaozheng He. "Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Diatomic Metals Supported by N-Doped Graphite." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010049.

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In this article, for the transition metal-nitrogen ligand Mn-M@N6-C (M = Ag, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, Ir, Mo, Nb, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Ta, Tc, V, Y, Zn, Zr, Ti, W), by comparing the amount of change in the length of the N-N triple-bond, and calculating the adsorption energy of N2 and the change of charge around N2, it is shown that the activation effect of Sc, Ti, Y, Nb-Mn@N6-C on the single-atomic layer of graphite substrate is relatively good. The calculation of structural stability shows that the Mn-M@N6-C (M = Sc, Ti, Y) load is relatively stable when it is on the single-atom

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34

Liang, Chenghao, and Naibao Huang. "Research on Electrochemical Behavior of Ti-Ir-Ru Anode Coating in Electrolytic Antifouling of Flowing Brine." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 18, no. 8 (2009): 1086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-008-9331-4.

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Tanaka, Toshiki, and Yasunori Kubo. "Electronic Band Structures of Caged CompoundsRT2X20(R=Pr, Yb,T=Ti, Ru, Ir,X=Al, Zn)." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 80, Suppl.A (2011): SA125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsjs.80sa.sa125.

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Li, Zhi, Zhen Zhao, Qi Wang, and Tao-Tao Shao. "Structures and electronic properties of the transition metal-adsorbed B36 clusters." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 34 (2020): 2050387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798492050387x.

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Metal doping is considered as an effective method to stabilize the structures and optimize the properties of boron clusters. The structures and electronic properties of the [Formula: see text] clusters have been calculated at the Perdew–Burkle–Ernzerhof (PBE) level. The results reveal that the Cu atoms for the [Formula: see text] clusters unexpectedly enter the [Formula: see text] clusters. Ti, V, Co, Ni, Zr, Hf, Ta and W can obviously increase the structural stability of pristine [Formula: see text] clusters. The Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn; Y, Ru and Ag; Lu, Ta, Ir and Au-adsorbed [Formula: see te

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37

Goudarzi, Mona, and Mohammad Ghorbani. "The Effect of Layer Number on the Nanostructural Ternary Mixed Oxide Containing Ti, Ru and Ir on Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.638.

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Titanium anodes coated with noble metal oxides are widely used in chlorate industry. In fact, these anodes are dimensionally stable. In this article, the electrochemical characteristics of the ternary oxide coating created by sol-gel on titanium, which consisted of Ti, Ru and Ir, were investigated in the number of different layers. The electrochemical properties of anodes, morphology of samples, and phase analysis were investigated respectively by cyclic voltammetry and polarization measurements, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and XRD. The result indicated that the applica

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38

Okada, Takuya, Ryuhei Nakamura, Ailong Li, Shuang Kong, and Kazuna Fushimi. "New Electrocatalyst with the Content of Ir<0.1 Mg/cm² for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341769mtgabs.

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Introduction Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis (WE) is a promising technology for hydrogen production. However, the local environment of the anode in PEMWE is highly acidic and high potential due to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER; 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-), and the available anode materials are limited to precious metal elements such as Pt, Ru and Ir. In the current technology, Ir-based materials are the mainstream anode catalysts, and Ir loading of 1-2 mg/cm2 is necessary to achieve both activity and durability. On the other hand, the annual production of Ir is said to be onl

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39

Novell-Leruth, Gerard, Giuliano Carchini, and Núria López. "On the properties of binary rutile MO2 compounds, M = Ir, Ru, Sn, and Ti: A DFT study." Journal of Chemical Physics 138, no. 19 (2013): 194706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803854.

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40

González, Danilo, Javier Heras-Domingo, Stefano Pantaleone, et al. "Water Adsorption on MO2 (M = Ti, Ru, and Ir) Surfaces. Importance of Octahedral Distortion and Cooperative Effects." ACS Omega 4, no. 2 (2019): 2989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b03350.

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41

Goudarzi, Mona, and Mohammad Ghorbani. "A study on ternary mixed oxide coatings containing Ti, Ru, Ir by sol–gel method on titanium." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 73, no. 2 (2014): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3537-8.

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Schuhmann, Elfriede, Christian Robl, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, LXXIV [1]. Metallorganische Verbindungen von 2-(3-Thienyl)glycin und dessen Derivaten / Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands, LXXIV [1]. Organometallic Compounds of 2-(3-Thienyl)glycine and Derivatives thereof." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 11 (1994): 1569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-1120.

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N.O-Chelate complexes of R,S-2-(3-thienyl)glycinate (L) have been obtained: ML2 (M = Ni, Cu), (n-Bu3P)(Cl)M(L) (M = Pd. Pt), (η3-C3H5)Pd(L), C6H4CH,CHNMe2Pd(L), (η6-p-cymene)(Cl)Ru(L), (η5-C5Me5)(Cl)M(L) (M = Rh, Ir) and (η5-C5H5)(OC)2Mo(L). The methyl ester of R,S-2-(3-thienvl)glycine (L') forms the complexes trans-CT2PdL′2, cis- Cl2Pt(L')2, (η-Bu3P)(Cl2)M(L') (M = Pd, Pt) and (η5-C5Me5)(Cl)2M(L') (M = Rh, Ir) in which the ligand L' is coordinated through the amino group. The structures of (η3-C3H5)Pd(L) and of (η5-C5Me5)(Cl2)Ir(L') have been determined by X-ray diffraction. N- Benzoyl-2-(3-t

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Long, Q., J. Wang, Y. Du, X. Nie, and Z. Jin. "Site occupancy of transition elements in C15 NbCr2 laves phase: A first-principles study." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 53, no. 1 (2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb151115020l.

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Using first-principles calculations, site occupancy behaviors of transition elements in C15 NbCr2 Laves phase are systematically investigated. Elements Y, Sc, Zr, Hf, Cd, Ta, Ti and Ag prefer to occupy the Nb site, and elements Zn, Pt, Re, Tc, Ir, V, Os, Rh, Ru, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe and Cu favor to occupy the Cr site; whereas elements Mo, W, Pd and Au have weak site preference for Cr or Nb site. The present calculations agree well with the available experimental and previously calculated results. It was found that the site occupancy behavior of transition elements in NbCr2 is mainly affected by the

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Kim, Yoo Jin, Kwanyong Lee, Ho Young Cha, et al. "Electrolytic denitrification with an ion-exchange membrane in groundwater." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (2015): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.079.

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Nitrate contamination of groundwater is an important issue in rural areas. In this study, an electrolytic method for the denitrification of groundwater was investigated in a laboratory reactor. We used an ion-exchange membrane, employing a titanium oxide anode and five kinds of cathode for the investigation. The nitrate removal efficiencies with Cu, Pb, Ti/Ir/Ru, Ti/Ir/Ta, and Zn cathodes were 30.0%, 59.9%, 73.8%, 23.3%, and 80.6%, respectively. A cation-selective membrane was employed to separate the electrode compartments, and only the proton produced in the anode side was permitted to the c

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Carneiro, Jussara F., Jéssica R. Silva, Robson S. Rocha, Josimar Ribeiro, and Marcos R. V. Lanza. "Morphological and Electrochemical Characterization of Ti/MxTiySnzO2 (M = Ir or Ru) Electrodes Prepared by the Polymeric Precursor Method." Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 06, no. 04 (2016): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2016.64037.

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Szabados, Erika, Dávid Ferenc Srankó, Ferenc Somodi, Boglárka Maróti, Sándor Kemény, and Antal Tungler. "Wet oxidation of dimethylformamide via designed experiments approach studied with Ru and Ir containing Ti mesh monolith catalysts." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 34 (February 2016): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.019.

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Murugesan, Naveenkarthik, Rikito Murakami, Kotaro Yonemura, et al. "Corrosion Resistance of Ru-Mo-W-Fe Alloy in Supercritical Acid and Electrochemical Measurement in Sulfuric Acid." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 62 (2025): 2982. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01622982mtgabs.

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Introduction Supercritical geothermal power generation is a next-generation geothermal power generation using geothermal fluid that exists at 5 km depth, which is deeper than conventional geothermal fluid, and is in supercritical state. The steam production capacity of supercritical geothermal fluid is estimated to be several times higher than that of conventional geothermal fluid. Though the environment is extremely corrosive that conventional corrosion resistance materials, such as stainless steels, Ni-based alloys or Ti alloys, cannot last for long-term. For a long-term producing, corrosion

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Cha, Ho Young, Ji Hyang Kweon, Hyun-Gon Shin, Sungjun Bae, and Ki Young Park. "Selective reduction of highly concentrated nitrate by electrochemical method using a combination of Zn and Ti/Ir-Ru electrodes." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 95 (2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21527.

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Yang, Shuqin, Xiuli Wang, Zimo Song, et al. "Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in neutral medium by Cu/CoP/NF composite cathode coupled with Ir-Ru/Ti anode." Chemosphere 307 (November 2022): 136132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136132.

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Wang, Xian Zhong, B. Chevalier, J. Etourneau, and P. Hagenmuller. "Crystal structure and superconductivity of new ternary MTGe germanides (M = Ti,Zr,Hf and T = Ru,Os,Rh,Ir)." Materials Research Bulletin 22, no. 3 (1987): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(87)90049-3.

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