Journal articles: 'TiAIN Coatings'

1

Braic, M., M. Balaceanu, V. Braic, A. Vladescu, G. Pavelescu, and M. Albulescu. "Synthesis and characterization of TiN, TiAIN and TiN/TiAIN biocompatible coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 200, no. 1-4 (October 2005): 1014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.140.

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Cai, Zhi Hai, Ping Zhang, and Yue Lan Di. "Nanolayered CrN/TiAIN Coatings Synthesized by Ion Plating Technology for Tribological Application on Piston Rings." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.430.

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By using the ion plating technology,the multilayered CrN/TiAlN as well as monolayered CrN and TiAlN coatings were made on the suface of piston rings to improve its tribological properties and increase service life using Cr and Ti50Al50 alloy cathodes. EDS analysis showed that the main compositions of CrN/TiAlN coatings are Cr30.61%,Ti 20.42%,Al 13.88% and N 35.10%. The preferred orientation was changed from (111) in CrN and TiAlN monolayered coatings to (220) plane in the multilayered CrN/TiAlN coatings. The multilayered CrN/TiAlN coatings had smaller crystallite size than the monolayered CrN coatings. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coating with rotational speed at 1.5 rpm exhibited the highest H3/E2 ratio value of 0.23 GPa, indicating the best resistance to plastic deformation, among the studied CrN, TiAlN and multilayered TiAlN/ CrN coatings. The CrAlTiN composite films performs better than binary CrN as well as the Cr plating in teams of hardness and wear resistance at high temperature.

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Mativenga, P. T., and K. K. B. Hon. "A study of cutting forces and surface finish in high-speed machining of AISI H13 tool steel using carbide tools with TiAIN based coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503321148786.

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High-speed machining (HSM) has emerged as a key technology in rapid tooling and manufacturing applications. In this study, the effect of increased spindle speeds on surface finish is examined. Physical vapour deposition (PVD) coated ball-nose micrograin carbide tools are used in finishing cuts for spindle speeds up to 42 000 r/min and a real-time force acquisition system is used to study the orthogonal forces. The importance of orthogonal force components to surface finish prediction and control is explored. The results show that Fz axial force has a very strong correlation with surface finish and that increased spindle speeds lead to far superior surface finish. Multilayer TiAIN coated carbides were found to generate the best surface finish while the uncoated tool and TiAIN + WC/C lubricant coating led to a severe degradation of surface finish at increased spindle speeds.

4

Caliskan, Halil, Celil Cagatay Celil, and Peter Panjan. "Effect of Multilayer Nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN Coating on Wear Behavior of Carbide Tools in the Milling of Hardened AISI D2 Steel." Journal of Nano Research 38 (January 2016): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.38.9.

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Thin hard coatings are widely used in the protection of cutting tools, dies and molds to prolong their wear resistance and lifetime. Superior properties of different coatings can be combined with multilayer design, and especially a higher microhardness can be obtained by nanocomposite structures. In this study, a multilayer design composing of TiAlSiN, TiSiN and TiAlN layers was applied on carbide cutting tools. The top TiAlSiN layer has a nanocomposite structure of crystalline fcc-TiAlN and amorphous Si3N4 phases. The multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coating was deposited on the carbide cutting tool using an industrial magnetron sputtering system. Wear behavior of the coated tools was investigated in the milling of hardened AISI D2 steel (~55 HRc). The changes in tool wear and surface roughness as a function of cutting distance were recorded. Wear mechanisms and types were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was found that the multilayer nanocomposite TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coating provides at least 1.2 times higher wear resistance and a longer lifetime than single layer TiN and TiAlN coatings. Main wear mechanisms are abrasion and adhesion of the workpiece material on the cutting edge. As a result, wear types are notch wear and build-up-edge formation.

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Münz, W.-D., DB Lewis, S. Creasey, T. Hurkmans, T. Trinh, and Wv Ijzendorn. "Defects in TiN and TiAIN coatings grown by combined cathodic arc/unbalanced magnetron technology." Vacuum 46, no. 4 (April 1995): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(94)e0029-x.

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KARA, LEVENT, HOJJAT GAHRAMANZADE ASL, and ÖZCAN KARADAYI. "THE EFFECT OF TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN, AND TiAlN/TiSiN COATINGS ON THE WEAR PROPERTIES OF AISI H13 STEEL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 09 (October 17, 2019): 1950063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x1950063x.

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TiN, TiAlN, CrAlN and TiAlN/TiSiN films were deposited on AISI H13 hot work steel substrate by cathodic arc evaporation method. Each coating was optimized in laboratory conditions and the highest hardness and wear resistance coatings were taken into consideration for this study. Morphological properties, chemical compositions, crystallographic structure, nano hardness and adhesion strength of coatings were analyzed with SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD, nano indentation and scratch resistance tester. Wear experiments were performed using ball-on-disk tribometer against Al2O3 ball of 6[Formula: see text]mm diameter and wear volume of coatings were measured using optical profilometer. Wear experimental results revealed that all coated samples showed higher wear resistance and hardness than uncoated AISI H13 steel substrate. The highest wear and scratch resistances as well as nano hardness were attained for CrAlN coating. TiAlN coating has the lowest scratch resistance and wear resistance. Adhesive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for CrAlN coatings which is the highest wear resistant coating. Abrasive wear mechanism was the dominant wear mechanism for TiAlN coatings which is the lowest wear resistant coating.

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Kulkarni, Atul P., and Vikas G. Sargade. "Performance of Multilayered PVD Coated Cemented Carbide Inserts during Dry Turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.248.

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AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel is generally “difficult-to-cut” material than other types of steel on account of their high strength, high work hardening tendency and poor thermal conductivity. The focus of the paper is on the dry, high speed machining which is ecologically desirable and cost effective. It is also the future of machining and called as green machining. PVD multilayered TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN/TiSiN coated inserts were used for dry, high speed turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steels material. TiN/TiAlN coating was deposited using “Cathodic Arc Evaporation” (CAE) technique where as TiAlN/TiSiN coating was deposited using “Closed-Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering” (CFUBMS) technique. Coatings are deposited on K-grade (K-20) cemented carbide insert. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and scratch tester were used to examine microstructure, microhardness and adhesion of coating. The thickness of the both coating was found to be 3.8 ±2 µm. TiN/TiAlN coating demonstrated micro-hardness value 34 GPa where as TiAlN/TiSiN coating shows 37 GPa. The adhesion strength of the TiAlN/TiSiN coating is 86 N and that of TiN/TiAlN coating is 83 N.The turning tests were conducted in dry machining environment at cutting speeds in the range of 100 to 340 m/min, feed in the range of 0.08 to 0.20 mm/rev keeping depth of cut constant at 1 mm. The influences of cutting speed, feed and tool coating were investigated on the machined surface roughness, flank wear and cutting force. TiAlN/TiSiN coated tool showed better performance and exhibited lower cutting forces than TiN/TiAlN coated tool. Built-up edge was not observed during using coated tool due to better thermal stability of the coating. The research work findings will also provide useful economic machining solution in case of dry, high speed turning of AISI 304 stainless steel, which is otherwise usually, machined by costly PCD or CBN tools. The present approach and results will be helpful for understanding the machinability of AISI 304 stainless steel during dry, high speed turning for the manufacturing engineers.

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Furuno, Masahiro, Koichi Kitajima, Yousuke Tsukuda, and Takeshi Akamatsu. "Effect of Ground Surface Roughness of Tool on Adhesion Characteristics of PVD Coating." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.609.

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This study investigated adhesion of coatings on a grinding surface. This was carried out using scratch testing as a function of surface roughness. Three types of coatings were explored: TiAlN, CrSiN and TiSiN. With smaller surface roughness, the coating adhesion showed a tendency to become stronger. In particular, in the case of surface roughness under 2 micrometers for a coating, the coating adhesion was good. Specifically, the CrSiN coating yielded a very smooth surface.

9

HARUYAMA, Yosio, Junichi YOSHIDA, Noriyo HORIKAWA, and Takeshi SUGITA. "1409 Tribological properties of nano-multilayered TiAlN/DLC coatings by UBMS coating system." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2010.47 (2010): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2010.47.533.

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Ward, L. P., C. Subramanian, K. N. Strafford, and T. P. Wilks. "Sliding wear studies of selected nitride coatings and their potential for long-term use in orthopaedic applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981534088.

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In the area of orthopaedic implants, particularly total hip joint replacements, a metal-plastic combination is still the most popular choice consisting of a femoral head fabricated from 316L stainless steel, Ti alloy or Co-Cr alloy in contact with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup. It is recently considered that wear of the UHMWPE cup is of major concern. Generation of the wear debris can have adverse effects on the body, both localized and systemic. It is envisaged that wear of the prosthetic components, particularly those fabricated from UHMWPE can be reduced through the use of surface coatings. The aim of this investigation was to deposit a selection of refractory element nitride-based coatings (TiN, TiAIN, ZrN) onto 316L stainless steel substrates, using physical vapour deposition (PVD) technology and to study their sliding wear behaviour in contact with both UHMWPE and 316L stainless steel pins, using a pin-on-plate testing rig. Tests were conducted in Ringers solution and Ringers solution plus bone cement particles. The volume of material removed from the pins served as an indication of their wear behaviour. Wear mechanisms were identified using scanning electron microscopy. The results of these findings and the potential for these coatings to be used in orthopaedic applications are discussed.

11

Lille, Harri, Jakub Kõo, Andre Gregor, Alexander Ryabchikov, Fjodor Sergejev, Rainer Traksmaa, and Priit Kulu. "Comparison of Curvature and X-Ray Methods for Measuring of Residual Stresses in Hard PVD Coatings." Materials Science Forum 681 (March 2011): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.455.

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Physical Vapour Deposition and PVD coatings are designed for several applications, from industrial to biomedical. Residual stresses, arising during coating deposition, have important effect on the coating’s service life as their influence to the mechanical and tribological properties. Our aim was to investigate the residual stresses in five different PVD coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlN, nc-(AlTi) N/α -Si3N4) (presence of the Ti as adhesion layer) by the layer growing curvature method and the X-ray diffraction techniques using a plate and a strip as the substrate. Residual stresses were compressive and very large (2.98 - 7.24) GPa in all coatings and comparable in TiN, TiAlN, TiAlN coatings in the case of both methods. The magnitude of residual stresses is influenced by intrinsic strain in the case of layer growth rather than by thermal stress.

12

Yu, D. H., Cheng Yong Wang, X. L. Cheng, and Yue Xian Song. "TiAlSiN Coatings Prepared by Hybrid PVD Technology for High Speed Milling of Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.423.

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TiAlSiN coatings with different Al content were prepared by hollow cathode discharge ion plating (HCDIP) and medium frequency magnetron sputtering ion plating (MFMSIP) hybrid physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating system. The composition, microstructure, mechanical properties of these coatings were systematically investigated by means of EDX, XRD, SEM, nanoindentation, scratch and tribological tests. It was found that the coatings had (111) or (200) preferred orientation with addition of Al. Proper content of Al led to increase of microhardness and adhesion. The flank wear of carbide end mill coated with TiAlSiN had the least wear than those coated with TiAlN and TiSiN coatings under the high speed milling of hardened steel experiments.

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Wu, Yan, Zhiyuan Guo, Zhaoyang Li, Bing Wang, Qiang Chen, and Ergeng Zhang. "Study on bonding strength and layer structure design of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2324, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2324/1/012001.

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Abstract Compared with TiN coating and TiAlN coating, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has more outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has different physical properties from the substrate, which causes large internal stress at the interface, and reduces the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate. In this paper, according to the design criteria of nano-micron multilayer structure coating, a multilayer gradient TiAlSiN coating is designed to improve the bonding strength of TiAlSiN superhard coating, and studying the bonding strength and mechanical properties after high temperature oxidation of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coatings prepared by cathodic arc ion plating. The results show that the designed multilayer gradient structure TiAlSiN coating has four layers: TiN layer, TiAlN layer, TiAlSiN layer and TiSiN layer. The bonding strength of the TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating conforms to the industrial grade HF1 and it maintains good bonding properties and mechanical properties in a high temperature environment below 1000°C. It is expected to provide reference for the study and design of improving the bonding strength of the coating.

14

WO, P. C., P. R. MUNROE, Z. F. ZHOU, Z. H. XIE, and K. Y. LI. "CROSS-SECTIONAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DEFORMED MICROSTRUCTURES IN MONOLITHIC AND MULTILAYER TiSiN/TiN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210063934.

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The deformation microstructures generated by nanoindentation of multilayer coatings consisting of TiSiN layers alternating with ten TiN interlayers, were examined by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Two multilayered coatings were studied: a thin TiSiN coating interlayered with thick TiN interlayer and a thick TiSiN coating alternated with thin TiN layers. A monolithic TiSiN coating was also examined for comparison. Surface morphology of the samples was found to be variable. Both surface roughness and coating hardness increase with the thickness of the outermost TiSiN layer. All samples show columnar structures, and for the multilayer coatings, epitaxial growth of these columnar grains through the TiSiN / TiN multilayers was observed. Stair-shaped shear cracks can be seen in the multilayer coating alternated with thick TiN interlayers, whereas radial and edge cracks are observed in the coating multilayered with thin TiN layers and in the monolithic coating. TEM analysis also suggests that columnar grains help to resist the initiation of edge cracks. Compared to other studies on similar coating systems with fewer periods of interlayers, the deformation observed here appears less severe, indicating an improvement in the strength of the coating through increasing the number of interlayers.

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Tan, Xin, Zhen Yang Xin, Xue Jie Liu, Qing Bin Zhang, and Yichao Jia. "First-Principles Study on Elastic Properties and Electronic Structure of Ti_1-xAl_xN." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2171.

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As excellent performance coating material, the TiAlN coating has become alternative to TiN coating, with a very broad application prospects. We calculated the lattice constants, elastic parameters, electronic constants of Ti1-xAlxN. Its elastic constants trend was downward as the Al element contents increasing, and its brittleness fell. We had analysed the band structure and density of states of TiA1N, and TiA1N was illustrated to be conductor.

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Shen, Li, Jiang Zhao, Yu-Qing Zhang, and Guo-Zheng Quan. "Performance evaluation of titanium-based metal nitride coatings and die lifetime prediction in a cold extrusion process." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0019.

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Abstract Surface coating can greatly enhance the lifetime of cold extrusion die. It is a significant issue to evaluate the performance of coatings and even predict the lifetime of cold extrusion die. In this work, the titanium-based nitride coatings including TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlCrN were, respectively, deposited on the surface of high-speed steel substrate W6Mo5Cr4V2 (M2) by the physical vapor deposition technology. The hardness test, scratch test, Rockwell adhesion test, and pin-on-disc (POD) wear test were carried out aiming to investigate the performances of the three coatings including hardness, adhesion strength, and wear resistance. The results show that the TiAlCrN coating exhibits the highest hardness of 3,033 HV in comparison with TiN coating (1,222 HV) and TiAlN coating (1,916 HV), while it possesses poor adhesion strength and inferior wear resistance. Furthermore, the TiAlN coating presents the highest resistance to wear and spalling from the substrate. In addition, the Archard wear model of the coatings was solved and applied in the finite element model of cold extrusion to calculate the wear depth and lifetime of the cold extrusion dies. The results suggest that TiAlN coating is the optimal option for cold extrusion die as compared with TiAlCrN and TiN coatings. TiAlN coating can prolong the lifetime of the substrate die up to 260%.

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Terek, Vladimir, Aleksandar Miletić, Lazar Kovačević, Dragan Kukuruzović, Branko Škorić, Peter Panjan, and Pal Terek. "Surface Topography and Grain Morphology of Nanolayer TiAlN/TiSIN Coating Governed by Substrate Material and Rotation during Deposition." Materials Proceedings 2, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ciwc2020-06822.

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Nanolayer TiAlN/TiSiN coating is one of the most advanced contemporary protective coatings. It has been applied for protection of machining tools, forming tools, and die casting tools. However, due to its versatile properties, there is a high potential for broadening its application; for example, for protection of biomedical implants. Each application requires specific base materials, for example cold working steels are used for forming, while stainless steels are applied for biomedical purposes. Different materials and their pre-treatment might result in different coating properties even if coating was conducted in a single batch. Real tools and components have complex geometries, and as such require a multiple-axis rotation during the deposition. Among other properties, grain morphology and surface topography are of great importance in a real application. Since systematic studies on the effect of substrate materials and rotation during deposition on these properties are very scarce, in this article we studied TiAlN/TiSiN coating magnetron sputtered on five different substrates, prepared with 1-, 2-, and 3-fold rotations. Cold-work tool steel (X153CrMoV12), hot-work tool steel (X37CrMoV5-1), plasma-nitrided hot-work tool steel, surgical stainless steel (X2CrNiMo18-15-3), and cemented carbide (WC/Co) were used as substrate materials. Three-dimensional stylus profilometry and atomic force microscopy were used for evaluation of micro and nano topography. The coated surgical steel has the highest roughness (Sa) which corresponds to the highest number of coating growth defects. However, the size of the individual growth defects was considerably smaller for this substrate than for other substrate materials. The observed difference is linked to differences in the concentration of specific carbides contained in a specific steel. Since different carbides have different polishing and ion-etching rates, coatings on different steels may have different concertation of defects. Columnar grain analysis revealed that coating on surgical steel exhibited the smallest column diameter (125 nm) and their highest uniformity. Column diameter on other substrates is around 215 nm, while hot-working tool steel exhibited the largest columns (235 nm). Such findings suggest that the same coating may exhibit different mechanical properties on different substrates. Coatings produced with the higher degree of rotation (2-fold, 3-fold) have fewer defects and a smoother surface. There was no clear trend between columnar grain size and the number of rotational degrees.

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Dejun, Kong, and Li Jiahong. "Appraisal on corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2019-2175.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the salt spray corrosion (SSC) and electrochemical corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 steel, which improved the corrosion resistance of H13 hot work mold. Design/methodology/approach CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings were fabricated on H13 hot work mold steel using a laser cladding and cathodic arc ion plating. The SSC and electrochemical performances of obtained coatings were investigated using a corrosion test chamber and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The corrosion morphologies, microstructure and phases were analyzed using an electron scanning microscope, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively, and the mechanisms of corrosion resistance were also discussed. Findings The CrNi coating is penetrated by corrosion media, producing the oxide of Fe3O4 on the coating surface; and the TiAlN coating is corroded to enter into the CrNi coating, forming the oxides of TiO and NiO, the mechanism is pitting corrosion, whereas the CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is not penetrated, with no oxides, showing the highest SSC resistance among the three kinds of coatings. The corrosion potential of CrNi coating, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings was –0.444, –0.481 and –0.334 V, respectively, and the corresponding polarization resistances were 3,074, 2,425 and 86,648 cm2, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is the highest, which is enhanced by the additions of Al2O3 and TiO2. Originality/value The CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold were firstly evaluated by the SSC and electrochemical performances.

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Grenadyorov, Alexander, Vladimir Oskirko, Alexander Zakharov, Konstantin Oskomov, Sergey Rabotkin, Vyacheslav Semenov, Andrey Solovyev, and Alexander Shmakov. "Properties of TiAlN Coatings Obtained by Dual-HiPIMS with Short Pulses." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041348.

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The paper focuses on the dual high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of TiAlN coatings using short pulses of high power delivered to the target. The surface morphology, elemental composition, phase composition, hardness, wear resistance, and adhesive strength of TiAlN coatings with different Al contents were investigated on WC–Co substrates. The heat resistance of the TiAlN coating was determined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the TiAlN coating with a low Al content ranged from 17 to 30 GPa, and its wear rate varied between 1.8∙10−6 and 4.9∙10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1 depending on the substrate bias voltage. The HF1–HF2 adhesion strength of the TiAlN coatings was evaluated with the Daimler–Benz Rockwell C test. The hardness and wear rate of the Ti0.61Al0.39N coating were 26.5 GPa and 5.2∙10−6 mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively. The annealing process at 700 °C considerably worsened the mechanical properties of the Ti0.94Al0.06N coating, in contrast to the Ti0.61Al0.39N coating, which manifested a high oxidation resistance at annealing temperatures of 940–950 °C.

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Lee, Sang Yong, and Sang Yul Lee. "Application of PVD Coatings for Improvement of Die Performance in Copper Semi-Solid Processing." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.84.

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TiAlN/CrN multilayer coatings with an superlattice period of 6.1nm was applied to a proto-type high temperature segment mold for Cu semi-solid processing so that it was investigated the possibilities of TiAlN/CrN multilayer coating as a candidate protective coatings to extend the lifetime of high temperature molds and dies. Much improved performance was obtained from the TiAlN/CrN coated molds, although different behaviors were observed depending upon the type of substrate mold materials. . Improvement of mold performance was observed by TiAlN/CrN coating on AISI H13 steel, but TZM alloy with TiAlN/CrN coating was found to be the best candidate as a mold for high temperature Cu semi-solid processing.

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Baronins, Janis, Vitali Podgursky, Maksim Antonov, Sergei Bereznev, and Irina Hussainova. "Electrochemical Behaviour of TiCN and TiAlN Gradient Coatings Prepared by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc PVD Technology." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.414.

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TiCN and TiAlN gradient coatings were deposited on the AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by lateral rotating cathode arc (LARC) physical vapour deposition (PVD) technology. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour was studied in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The thickness of coatings was about 3 μm. For both coatings the corrosion potential shifted to more positive values as compared to the uncoated substrate. The corrosion current density decreased for TiCN and TiAlN coatings indicating up to 40 folds higher polarization resistance. The coefficient of friction value of TiCN coating is three times lower and durability is six times higher than that of TiAlN coating under the same tribocorrosion conditions.

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Chang, Yin Yu, Da Yung Wang, and Chi Yung Hung. "Mechanical Properties of TiAlN/CrN Nanolayered Coatings Synthesized by a Cathodic-Arc Deposition Process." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.323.

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TiAlN, and TiAlN/CrN nanolayered coatings were synthesized by cathodic-arc evaporation with plasma enhanced duct equipment. Chromium and TiAl (50/50 at %) alloy cathodes were used for the deposition of TiAlN/CrN coatings. The effects of bilayer thickness and chromium content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlN/CrN nanolayered coatings were studied. The preferred orientation was changed from (200) in TiAlN monolayered coatings to (111) plane in the multilayered TiAlN/CrN coatings. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coating with periodic thickness of 20 nm and the smallest crystallite size of 28 nm exhibited the highest hardness of 39 GPa. The multilayered TiAlN/CrN coatings also showed the best adhesion strength using scratch tests. It has been found that the structural and mechanical properties of the films were correlated with the addition of chromium and nanolayer thickness.

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Grewal, Jasmaninder Singh, Buta Singh Sidhu, and Satya Prakash. "Effect of Sliding Velocity on Wear Behaviour of TiAlN Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1137 (June 2016): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1137.24.

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In the present work TiAlN coatings were deposited by plasma spray process as titanium aluminium based nitride (Ti, Al)N coatings possess excellent tribological behaviour with respect to metal cutting and polymer forming contacts. Three coatings of TiAlN were deposited on AISI-304 grade boiler steel substrate out of which two were thin nanocoatings deposited at different temperatures of 500°C and 200°C and one conventional coating was deposited by plasma spraying. The as sprayed coatings were characterized with relative to coating thickness, microhardness, porosity and microstructure. The optical microscopy (OM), the XRD analysis and field mission scanning electron microscope (FESEM with EDAX attachment) techniques have been used to identify various phases formed after coating deposited on the surface of the substrate. Subsequently the sliding wear behaviour of uncoated, PVD sprayed nanostructured thin TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C and plasma sprayed conventional coated AISI-304 grade boiler steel were investigated according to ASTM standard G99-03 using pin on disk wear test rig. Cumulative wear volume loss and coefficient of friction, μ were calculated for the coated as well as uncoated specimens for 0.5, 1 and 2 m/sec sliding velocities at a constant normal load of 10 N. The worn out samples were analysed with SEM/EDAX. Wear rates in terms of volumetric loss (mm3/g) for uncoated and coated alloys were compared. The nanostructured TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C has shown minimum wear rate as compared to conventional TiAlN coating and uncoated AISI-304 grade boiler steel. Nanostructured TiAlN coatings were found to be successful in retaining surface contact with the substrate after the wear tests.

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Budi, Esmar, M. Mohd Razali, and A. R. Md Nizam. "SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SPUTTERED TITANIUM-ALUMINUM-NITRIDE COATINGS." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.051.09.

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A study on the surface morphology of sputtered TiAlN coatings is presented. The coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on tungsten carbide insert tools. The surface morphology was characterized by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the surface roughness was indicated by RMS roughness value. It was observed that the TiAlN coating surface morphology was rough as the negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate are increased. The evolution of the sputtered TiAlN coatings surface morphology was due to the competition between particle diffusion and re-scattering effect during the sputtering process. At high negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate, the re-scattering effect was prominent, leading to the high roughness of the sputtered TiAlN coating surface.

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Fernandes, Filipe, Abbas AL-Rjoub, Diogo Cavaleiro, Tomas Polcar, and Albano Cavaleiro. "Room and High Temperature Tribological Performance of Multilayered TiSiN/TiN and TiSiN/TiN(Ag) Coatings Deposited by Sputtering." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2020): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121191.

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In this study, we compare the tribological performance of a multilayer TiSiN/Ti(Ag)N coating with a TiSiN/TiN coating with a similar Si content in order to demonstrate the effect of the solid lubricant phase, silver. For Al2O3 balls, the hardness and reduced modulus determine the tribological performance of the coatings for tests conducted at room temperature (RT) against Al2O3 balls. At 550 °C, the TiSiN/TiN coating failed, whereas the Ag-containing coating performed better due to the presence of Ag in the contact, which decreased the shear stress and, consequently, the friction. For tests against TiAl6V4 balls, the Ag-containing coating was always better than the TiSiN/TiN one. At 550 °C, Ag in the wear track prevented the adhesion of the oxidized Ti-alloy wear debris in the contact, favoring the adhesion of wear debris from the coating to both the coating and counterpart surfaces. No wear could be measured for the 700 °C tests for both coatings due to different reasons: (i) the presence of oxidized adhered material from the ball to the reference TiSiN/TiN coating surface protected from wear and (ii) the presence of Ag-agglomerated particles decreased the friction and minimized the adhesion wear of the counterpart for the TiSiN/TiN(Ag) coating.

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Panjan, Peter, Peter Gselman, Matjaž Panjan, Tonica Bončina, Aljaž Drnovšek, Mihaela Albu, Miha Čekada, and Franc Zupanič. "Microstructure and Surface Topography Study of Nanolayered TiAlN/CrN Hard Coating." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111725.

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The microstructure and surface topography of PVD hard coatings are among the most important properties, as they significantly determine their mechanical, tribological and other properties. In this study, we systematically analyzed the microstructure and topography of a TiAlN/CrN nanolayer coating (NL-TiAlN/CrN), not only because such coatings possess better mechanical and tribological properties than TiAlN and CrN monolayer coatings, mainly because the contours of the individual layers, in the cross-sectional STEM or SEM images of such coatings, make it easier to follow topographic and microstructural changes that occurred during its growth. We investigated the effects of the substrate rotation modes on the microstructure and surface topography of the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, as well as on the periodicity of the nanolayer structure. The influence of the substrate material and the ion etching methods were also studied, while special attention was given to the interlayer roughness and influence of non-metallic inclusions in the steel substrates on the growth of the coating. The topographical features of the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating surface are correlated with the observations from the cross-sectional TEM and FIB analysis. Selected non-metallic inclusions, covered by the NL-TiAlN/CrN coating, were prepared for SEM and STEM analyses by the focused ion beam. The same inclusions were analyzed prior to and after deposition. We found that substrate rotation modes substantially influence the microstructure, surface topography and periodicity of the NL-TiAlN/CrN layer. Non-metallic inclusions in the substrates cause the formation of shallow craters or protrusions, depending on their net removal rates during the substrate pretreatment (polishing and ion etching), as compared to the matrix.

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Aamir, Muhammad, Adrian Davis, William Keeble, Ugur Koklu, Khaled Giasin, Ana Vafadar, and Majid Tolouei-Rad. "The Effect of TiN-, TiCN-, TiAlN-, and TiSiN Coated Tools on the Surface Defects and Geometric Tolerances of Holes in Multi-Spindle Drilling of Al2024 Alloy." Metals 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071103.

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The integrity of machined holes depends on many parameters, some of which are related to the cutting tool (geometry, coating, material). Other influential parameters are related to the machining process variables (spindle speed, feed rate, workpiece material), all of which can affect the quality of the hole and drilling induced damage on its surface. This study investigates the effect of uncoated tools and four types of tool coatings (TiN-, TiCN-, TiAlN-, and TiSiN) on the hole quality and its microstructure. The study analyzed several hole geometrical metrics, namely hole size, circularity, cylindricity, and perpendicularity of an Al2024 aluminum alloy using a multi-spindle drilling process that utilizes three drills capable of creating multiple holes simultaneously. The results showed that the uncoated carbide drill gave a high-hole quality at low spindle speed. Regarding the coated drills, TiCN coated drills produced holes with the least deviation, circularity, cylindricity and perpendicularity at high spindle speeds. TiSiN–carbide coated drills produced the most oversized holes and noticeable damage and deformations on their surface following TiAlN and TiN. The common surface damage found on the inner hole surface was smearing, feed marks, and metal debris adhesion. The ANOVA results revealed that the tool type had the highest percentage contribution that mainly affected the hole quality.

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Grewal, Jasmaninder Singh, Buta Singh Sidhu, and Satya Prakash. "Characterization of Nanostructured and Conventional TiAlN Coatings Deposited on AISI-304 Boiler Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1137 (June 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1137.1.

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In the manuscript conventional and nanostructured nitrided coatings developed to increase hardness and to improve the wear, erosion and corrosion resistance of structural materials. Three coatings of TiAlN were deposited on AISI-304, out of which two were thin nanocoatings at different temperatures of 500°C and 200°C are developed by Oerlikon Balzer’s rapid coating system machine under a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. One conventional coating TiAl was deposited by Plasma spraying method which was post nitrided. Then the coated samples were characterized with relative to coating thickness, microhardness, porosity and structure. The XRD and SEM/EDAX techniques have been used to identify various phases formed after coating on the surface of steel.The microhardness of conventional TiAlN coating was found to be of the order of 900-950 Hv. The grain size for nanostructured TiAlN coatings deposited at 500°C and 200°C are 15nm and 14nm respectively as calculated by Sherrer’s formula from XRD plot.

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Wang, Xuan, Kui Zhang, Guang Hui Yue, Dong Liang Peng, Zheng Bing Qi, and Zhou Cheng Wang. "Investigation on the Structure and Properties of TiAlN Coatings Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.1639.

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TiAlN coatings have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering from TiAl alloy target using a direct current (DC) power source. The crystal structure, chemical composition, surface morphology and hardness of TiAlN coatings which were prepared at various N2 flow rates have been systemically investigated. The results show a strong effect of N2 flow rates on the orientation, grain size and densification in TiAlN coatings. The TiAlN coating shows the highest hardness at a certain N2 flow rate when it has the most compact structure.

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Tamura, Motonori. "Hydrogen Permeation of Multi-Layered-Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1152 (April 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1152.9.

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Using a substrate of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel, which is used for components in high-pressure hydrogen systems, the hydrogen barrier properties of samples with single-layer coatings of TiC, TiN, and TiAlN as well as a multi-layered coating of TiAlN and TiMoN were evaluated. The ion plating method was used, and coating thicknesses of 2.0–2.6 μm were obtained. Hydrogen permeation tests were carried out under a differential hydrogen pressure of 400 kPa and at a temperature between 573 and 773 K, and the quantities of hydrogen that permeated the samples were measured. This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the microstructures of the coatings and the hydrogen permeation properties. Coatings of TiC, TiN, TiAlN, and TiAlN/TiMoN facilitated reductions of the hydrogen permeabilities to 1/100 or less of that of the uncoated substrate. The samples coated with TiN and TiC that developed columnar crystals vertical to the substrate exhibited higher hydrogen permeabilities. The experiment confirmed that the coatings composed of fine crystal grains were highly effective as hydrogen barriers, and that this barrier property became even more efficient if multiple layers of the coatings were applied. The crystal grain boundaries of the coating and interfaces of each film in a multi-layered coating may serve as hydrogen trapping sites. We speculate that fine crystal structures with multiple crystal grain boundaries and multi-layered coating interfaces will contribute to the development of hydrogen barriers.

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Roy, Manish, Sabyasachi Saha, and Krishna Valleti. "Microstructure and Wear of Cathodic Arc Physical Vapour Deposited on TiAlN, TiCrN and n TiAlN Alpha Si3N4 Films." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.15661.

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Present study examined the microstructural features, hardness and wear performance of TiAlN, TiCrN and n-TiAlN/α-Si3N4 coatings deposited by cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (CA-PVD) technique on M-50 steel keeping in mind a possible application of hybrid bearings in next generation aero-engine. Microstructural features of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Hardness was measured using microhardness tester. Wear test was carried out with the help of ‘Bruker’ tribometer. Worn surfaces were characterised employing SEM. Results show that TiCrN coating has crystalline columnar structure and other coatings have nano-crystalline structures. Besides improved hardness, TiAlN has best wear resistance and TiCrN coating exhibits least friction coefficient.

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ZHANG, KEDONG, JIANXIN DENG, YOUQIANG XING, and XUHONG GUO. "INFLUENCE OF POST-LASER PROCESSING ON THE MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PVD TiAlN COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 04 (August 13, 2019): 1950137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501373.

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TiAlN-coated cemented carbide samples were treated using an Nd:YAG laser at different scanning speeds after the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The ball-on-disk wear tests in dry friction condition were performed to evaluate the tribological properties of the treated TiAlN coated samples sliding against AISI 316 stainless steel materials. Characterization tests such as instrumented nanoindentation hardness tests and variable depth scratch tests were also carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties as well as the coating adhesiveness of the PVD TiAlN coatings with additional laser treatments. Results showed that the post-laser processing with appropriate input parameters can significantly affect the coating adhesiveness and anti-adhesive wear properties. In this study, the moderate scanning speed (10[Formula: see text]mm/s) is most effective in minimizing the PVD coating defect, densifying the PVD coating and increasing the critical load of the coatings, resulting in a increase of 32% in critical load of the coatings. Meanwhile, specific attention was paid to the role of post-laser processing in the stable protective layer formation. The adhesion layer of steel materials shows its best adherence to the post-treated TiAlN coating surface in combination with a high mechanical stability, due to a synergistic effect of the improved coating/substrate adhesion and mechanical interlock.

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Yu, Dong Hai, Hao Wang, Cheng Yong Wang, Yao Hui Yuan, and Feng Ding. "Chip Formation of S790 Hardned Steel under High Speed Dry Milling Condition." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.77.

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In this paper, the chip morphologies and sizes of hardened PM steel S790 (68 HRC) using four types coated end mills (TiAlN TiCrAlN TiSiN and TiAlSiN) under different cutting parameters in dry milling condition were studied. During the process of high speed milling hardened steel S790, the chip morphologies change from continuous strip to sawtooth with the increase of cutting speeds. When cutting speed reaches 100 m/min, obvious shear slip occoured on the top surface of the chips, which are formed by multilayer metal unit piled by shear slip plane segmentation. The bottom of the chips, which squeeze and slid with rake face of end mills, show shiny smooth surface. TiAlSiN and TiSiN coatings are more suitable for high speed milling than TiAlN and TiCrAlN coatings. With the increase of cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and axial cutting depth, the chips morphology of S790 change from continuous strips to trapezoidal and triangle sawtooth, and the chips trend easy separation.

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Xian, Guang, Hai Bo Zhao, Hong Yuan Fan, and Hao Du. "The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Me/MeN/TiAlN Trilaminar Coatings Deposited by a Hybrid PVD Coating Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.704.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructure, mechanical properties and adhesion of Ti/TiN/TiAlN and Zr/ZrN/TiAlN trilaminar coatings, which were deposited on the high-speed steel substrate and cement carbide substrate by a hybrid PVD coating technique. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was used to reveal the structure of coatings. The fracture appearance of coatings was presented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the element content was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Hardness and Yong's modulus were measured by using a nanoindentation technique and the adhesion of coatings was carried out with Rockwell HRC indentations. The results showed that all the coatings present a fcc B1 (NaCl type) structure and the TiN (111) is the dominant orientation. The TiAlN coatings with Ti/TiN interlayer presented a typical columnar structure, while the columnar structure became ambiguous in TiAlN coatings with Zr/ZrN interlayer. The chemical composition of TiAlN coatings is almost unacted on the inner interlayer. The hardness of the coatings on CC substrate is greater than that of on HSS substrate. However, the Ti/TiN/TiAlN coatings on HSS substrate has the maximum theH3/E*2ratio at 0.178 with a lowest hardness. The adhesion of Ti/TiN/TiAlN and Zr/ZrN/TiAlN coatings on CC substrate is remarkable greater than the adhesion of same coatings on HSS substrate.

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Ait-Djafer, Zouina Amina, Nadia Saoula, Daniel Wamwangi, Noureddine Madaoui, and Hamid Aknouche. "Bias voltage effect on magnetron sputtered titanium aluminum nitride TiAlN thin films properties." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 86, no. 3 (June 2019): 30301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019180344.

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In this study, a negative substrate bias voltage is used to tune the structural, morphological, mechanical and electrochemical properties of TiAlN coatings fundamental for protective coating applications. TiAlN thin films have been deposited on glass, (001)Si and stainless steel substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at a power density of 4.41 W/cm2. The deposition rate was determined from X-ray reflectivity measurements to 7.00 ± 0.05 nm/min. TiAlN films used in this work were deposited for 60 min to yield a film thickness of 420 nm. Structural analysis has shown that TiAlN coating forms a cubic (fcc) phase with orientations in (111), (200), (220) and (222) planes. The deposited coatings present maximum hardness (H = 37.9 GPa) at −75 V. The dependence of hardness and Young's modulus and corrosion resistance on microstructure has been established. Electrochemical studies by potentiodynamic polarization in aggressive environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl) have revealed that stainless steel substrate with TiAlN coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance.

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Suresh, R., P. Shruthi, R. Sunil Kumar, J. Siva, M. Prem Ananth, and R. Ramesh. "Experimental Investigation of Nano-Composite Coated Stainless Steel (316L) Surfaces under Unidirectional Sliding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.37.

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This work proposes the investigation of nanosized Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) on the Stainless Steel (316L) substrate. A chromium interlayer has been applied over the modified surface which will act as an interlayer between the substrate and hard composite coating. The composite coating was prepared by Magnetron Sputtered-Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) on chromium coated lapped and textured surfaces of stainless steel substrate. Scratch test was performed to characterize the adherence of the coatings on the substrate. TiAlN surface coating over the textured surface exhibits higher adherence than the lapped surface coating surface. The tribological performance of the wear resistant coatings on lapped and textured surfaces was experimentally investigated by pin on disc tribometer at dry sliding contact conditions under various normal loads. The testing results were compared and the results showed that TiAlN coating on textured surfaces exhibited lower friction coefficient and wear rate than lapped coating surfaces under same testing conditions. Sliding wear characteristics such as coefficient of friction and specific wear rate were investigated.

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Kumar, Ch Sateesh, and Saroj Kumar Patel. "Effect of duplex nanostructured TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN-TiAlN and TiAlN-TiAlSiN/TiSiN/TiAlN coatings on the hard turning performance of Al2O3-TiCN ceramic cutting tools." Wear 418-419 (January 2019): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.11.013.

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Cheong, Jhun Yew, Xing Zhao Ding, Beng Kang Tay, and Xian Ting Zeng. "Thermal Stablility and Oxidation Resistance of CrAlSiN Nano-Structured Coatings Deposited by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.725.

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In this paper, CrAlSiN coatings are deposited by a lateral rotating cathode arc technique. The high temperature oxidation behaviors of these coatings are studied in ambient atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 800°C-1000°C for an hour. The ternary TiAlN coating is used as the benchmark in this study. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coating samples before and after oxidation at different temperatures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CrAlSiN coatings show much better oxidation resistance than the TiAlN coatings. TiAlN starts to oxidize from 800oC and forms a complete surface oxide layer after oxidation at 1000oC for an hour. However, CrAlSiN shows a relatively good oxidation resistance below 1000oC and only is oxidized to form a thin oxide scale with a thickness of 0.3 µm at 1000oC for one hour. It is found that the oxidation of both coatings is triggered from the surface metallic droplets generated by the arc deposition process.

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Sakharova, Nataliya A., José Valdemar Fernandes, Marta C. Oliveira, and Jorge M. Antunes. "A Numerical Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Hard Coatings with Ductile Interlayers under Depth-Sensing Indentation." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.1194.

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In the present study, numerical simulations of nanohardness tests of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) hard coatings with titanium and aluminium ductile interlayers were performed in order to determine the influence of interlayers of ductile metals on the overall mechanical properties of multilayer coatings. The investigation was designed to determine the role of ductile interlayers in altering the hardness value and the Young´s modulus of the multilayer coating as a whole, in comparison with a monolayer TiAlN hard coating, for the cases of composites with different numbers and thicknesses of interlayers.

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Hagarová, Mária, Dagmar Jakubéczyová, Gabriela Baranová, and Martin Eliáš. "Adhesion Determination of Thin Wear Resistant Coatings." Materials Science Forum 952 (April 2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.952.107.

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Four hard thin coatings (TiSiN, TiN-CrN multi, AlTiN a WC) were deposited on the WC+Co substrate by cathodic arc deposition. Adhesion test of PVD coatings was evaluated by comparison failure of coating surfaces. The surface features after the Rockwell indentation test were examined by light microscopy. The results showed that the AlTiN and WC coatings exhibited acceptable failure and are appropriate for usage in practice. Unlike them, had TiSiN and TiN-CrN coatings poor adhesion, which resulted in unacceptable failure after Rockwell C test.

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Gil Del Val, Alain, Fernando Veiga, Octavio Pereira, and Luis Norberto Lopez De Lacalle. "Threading Performance of Different Coatings for High Speed Steel Tapping." Coatings 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050464.

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Threading holes using tapping tools is a widely used machining operation in the industry. This manufacturing process involves a great tool immersion in the part, which involves both friction and cutting. This makes the use of coatings critical to improving tool life. Four coatings are used based on Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology—TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and TiAlN+WC/C are compared to uncoated tool performance. The effect of various coatings on the life of M12 × 1.5 tapping tools during threading of through holes 20 mm deep, in GG25 casting plates, dry and applying cutting speed of 50 m/min. The end-of-life criterion has been established based on a cutting torque of 16 N-m. Taking the uncoated tap as a basis for comparison, it is observed that coatings based on PVD technologies increase tool life doubling in the most advantageous case with the TiAlN coating. PVD type coatings provide better protection to wear at cylindrical area of the tool, where the thread profile is finished, than uncoated taps. The teeth located in the cone-cylinder transition zone of the taps suffer the most wear regardless of the coating. However, taps coated with TiAlN+WC/C wear level values is lowest of all the coatings tested, which indicates a strong reinforcement in these teeth.

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Kudryakov, Oleg V., Valery N. Varavka, and Dmitriy S. Manturov. "Effective Wear Resistance Parameters of Ion-Plasma Tribological Coatings." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.444.

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Comparative studies of wear resistance during dry friction of vacuum ion-plasma coatings of nitride systems TiAlN and CrAlSiN are carried out. The structural parameters, coating thickness, and physical and mechanical properties were chosen as comparison parameters. A fundamental difference in the wear mechanisms of the coatings is demonstrated. In the TiAlN-system coatings develop an oxidative wear mechanism due to their insufficient heat resistance. The CrAlSiN-system coatings have maximum resistance to plastic deformation. And they are wear out according to the fatigue mechanism, which is typical for coatings with a high level of mechanical properties.

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Sahul, M., B. Bočáková, K. Smyrnova, M. Haršáni, M. Sahul, M. Truchlý, M. Kusý, A. Pogrebnjak, Ľ. Čaplovič, and T. Vopát. "The influence of multilayer architecture on the structure and mechanical properties of WN_x/TiSiN coatings in comparison with WN_x and TiSiN single layers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2413, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2413/1/012013.

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The present work deals with the comparison of selected properties of WNx/TiSiN multilayer and respective WNx and TiSiN monolithic coatings that were deposited at the same parameters. The effect of the multilayer architecture on the structure and mechanical properties of WNx/TiSiN multilayer was studied in detail. The multilayers and monolayers were fabricated on high-speed steel substrates by unbalanced direct magnetron sputtering from W (purity 99.95 %) and Ti80Si20 (purity 99.50 %) targets. The chemical composition and the cross-sectional morphology of multilayer and single-layer coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with wave-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS). The structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and Young’s modulus of multilayer and coatings were investigated using the nanoindentation method. Results showed that the WNx/TiSiN multilayer, possessing cubic W and TiN phases and a dense layered microstructure, showed slightly improved hardness (28.5 ± 3.5 GPa) and HIT/EIT parameter (0.087), as compared with the WNx and TiSiN coatings. It has been shown that the design of multilayered structure of WNx/TiSiN coating is a promising way to tailor the microstructure and properties of the hard coatings.

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Grenadyorov, A. S., A. N. Zakharov, V. O. Oskirko, D. V. Sidelev, K. V. Oskomov, and A. A. Solovyev. "Energy impact on the substrate during dual magnetron deposition of tialn coatings." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 11 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/65/11/31.

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The dependences of the energy flux density on the substrate and the specific energy transferred to the coating on duty cycle in the process of dual magnetron deposition of TiAlN coatings were obtained. It is shown that by decreasing the duty cycle from 40 to 6% the energy flux to the substrate is increased by 20-30% with unchanged average discharge power. Together with a decrease in the deposition rate of coatings in the high pulse power mode, there is a sixfold increase in the specific energy that the coating receives during growth. Thus, adjustment of the duty cycle can be considered as a way to control the energy impact on the sputtered coating, on which its structure and properties depend. It has been shown that TiAlN coatings obtained at low values of the duty cycle and a high level of energy impact on the substrate have high hardness and wear resistance.

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Tillmann, Wolfgang, Diego Grisales, Dominic Stangier, and Timo Butzke. "Tribomechanical Behaviour of TiAlN and CrAlN Coatings Deposited onto AISI H11 with Different Pre-Treatments." Coatings 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080519.

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In the metalworking industry, different processes and applications require the utilisation of custom designed tools. The selection of the appropriated substrate material and its pre-treatment as well as the protective coating are of great importance in the performance and life time of forming tools, dies, punches and coated parts in general. TiAlN and CrAlN coatings have been deposited onto the hot work tool steel AISI H11 by means of Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering. Prior to the deposition, the steel substrate was modified by the implementation of three different pre-treatments: nitriding of the annealed substrate [Nitr.], heat treatment of the steel (quenching and double tempering) [HT] and nitridation subsequent to a heat treatment of the substrate [HT + Nitr.]. The purpose of this research is to obtain valuable information on the microstructural properties and tribomechanical behaviour of two of the most promising ternary transition metal nitride coatings, TiAlN and CrAlN, when deposited on the AISI H11 steel with different initial properties. The different pre-treatments performed to the steel prior to the deposition favour the tailoring during the design and construction of tools for specific applications. The microstructure, the adhesion and the wear resistance of TiAlN coatings were highly influenced by the substrate preparation. Contrarily, CrAlN results were more independent of the substrate preparation and no high influences were found. For instance, the adhesion of the TiAlN coating varied from 17 to 43 N for the coating deposited onto the HT + Nitr. substrate and the HT substrate respectively, while the lowest and highest adhesion of the CrAlN coating varied between 42 and 53 N for the HT and the HT + Nitr. respectively. Likewise, the wear coefficient of the CrAlN were ten times smaller than those found for the TiAlN coatings, presumably due to the presence of hex-AlN phases and the small differences on the Young´s Modulus of the substrate and the CrAlN coatings.

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Pemmasani, Sai Pramod, Krishna Valleti, M. Ramakrishna, K. V. Rajulapati, Ravi C. Gundakaram, and S. V. Joshi. "Structure-Property Correlations in Cathodic Arc Deposited TiAlN Coatings." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.967.

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PVD hard coatings, notably transition metal nitrides and carbides, are being increasingly used by industry for improving the life and machining speeds of cutting and forming tools. There has been an increasing trend towards use of complex coatings, based on ternary and even more complex multi-component systems, as well as in novel configurations such as multilayers, superlattices, nanolayers and graded coatings, to achieve superior properties in the tool as well as the finished product. The service properties of the coatings are known to be influenced by their microstructure, phase assembly and composition, apart from the orientation and stress states which can be suitably tailored for diverse applications. In the present study, a ternary coating based on Titanium Aluminum Nitride was deposited on high speed steel substrates by cathodic arc evaporation under varied bias voltage conditions. As-deposited coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Residual Stress Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EBSD and FIB. Mechanical and tribological characteristics of the coatings were evaluated by nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing, respectively. The variations in coating hardness and adhesion with the bias voltage were studied. The changes in coating microstructure as a consequence of variation in bias voltage were also examined. Results from the above investigations are presented to illustrate how a combination of electron microscopy with nanoindentation and adhesion testing can be utilized to ascertain structure-property correlations in coatings.

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Matei, Alecs Andrei, Ramona Nicoleta Turcu, Ion Pencea, Eugen Herghelegiu, Mircea Ionut Petrescu, and Florentina Niculescu. "Comparative Characterization of the TiN and TiAlN Coatings Deposited on a New WC-Co Tool Using a CAE-PVD Technique." Crystals 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010112.

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The main objective of this work was to assess and compare the structure and mechanical properties of the TiN and TiAlN coatings deposited on a new WC-Co tool using the cathodic arc evaporation vacuum deposition (CAE-PVD) technique. The cutting tool was sintered at high temperature and high pressure using a powder tungsten carbide matrix ligated with cobalt (WC-Co). Powdered grain growth inhibitors (TiC, TaC, and NbC) were admixed into the matrix to enhance its strength and to facilitate the adhesion of the Ti base coatings. Detailed scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed, aiming to substantiate the effectiveness of the inhibitor additions. XRD data were thoroughly exploited to estimate the phase contents, average crystallite sizes (D), coating thicknesses (t), texture coefficients (Thkl), and residual stress levels (σ). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to calculate the average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square (Rq). The microhardness (µHV) was measured using the Vickers method. The TiAlN characteristics (D = 55 nm, t = 3.6 μm, T200 = 1.55, µHV = 3187; σ = −2.8 GPa, Ra = 209 nm, Rq = 268 nm) compared to TiN ones (D = 66 nm, t = 4.3 μm, T111 = 1.52, µHV = 2174; σ = +2.2 GPa, Ra = 246 nm, Rq = 309 nm) substantiate the better adequacy of the TiAlN coating for the WC-Co substrate. The structural features and data on the TiN and TiAlN coatings, the tool type, the different stress kinds exerted into these coatings, and the way of discrimination of the coating adequacy are the novelties addressed in the paper.

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Grzesik, Wit, and Joanna Małecka. "The Oxidation Behaviour and Notch Wear Formation of TiAlN Coated Tools Using Different Oxidation Techniques." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061330.

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This paper proposes a novel approach to assessing oxidation behavior of TiAlN coatings with defined stoichiometry on the rake and flank surfaces. This is based on the multi-parametric comparison of the oxidation effects detected on the coatings’ surfaces resulting from static diffusion couple tests. In this experimental study the diffusion couples consisting of Ti-based and Ni-based alloys and coated TiAlN cutting inserts are tested, respectively. The optimum oxidation temperature was determined by annealing the selected TiAlN coating in a high temperature chamber at temperatures: 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C in air. Concurrently, the mass change and corresponding thickness of the Al2O3 oxidized layer were measured and computed. The comparison of oxides produced covers the surface morphologies, chemical elements and phases which were analyzed by means of SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction techniques). Additionally, scratch tests were performed to assess the penetration depth down to the substrate and coating failure mechanism after oxidation in diffusion couples. An acceptable similarity of Al2O3 films formed on the TiAlN coating surfaces in diffusion couples and machining processes was established.

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Vereschaka, Anatoliy Stepanovich, Alexey Anatolevich Vereschaka, D. V. Sladkov, A. Yu Aksenenko, and N. N. Sitnikov. "Control of Structure and Properties of Nanostructured Multilayer Composite Coatings Applied to Cutting Tools as a Way to Improve Efficiency of Technological Cutting Operations." Journal of Nano Research 37 (December 2015): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.37.51.

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The study considers the challenge of improving the efficiency of dry finishing and semi-finishing turning of (P10-P20) steel with carbide tools with complex composition coatings by directed selection of the composition and properties of the coatings through the control of the parameters of the filtered cathodic vacuum-arc deposition (FCVAD). The conducted tests have confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the control of compositions, structures, and properties of complex composite coatings of Ti-TiN-TiAlN type by varying the parameters of the FCVAD process. In particular, it has been found out that the ratio of Ti/Al, which greatly affects the important properties of the coating (grain size, lattice parameter, microhardness, fracture toughness, etc.), can be changed at constant compositions of cathodes by varying such parameters of coating synthesis as titanium cathode arc current, nitrogen pressure, and substrate shear stress. It has been shown that Ti-TiN-TiAlN coating produced at different values of the parameters of synthesis significantly changes the cutting properties of carbide tool and thus allows optimizing the coating composition for a variety of machining conditions.The developed methods are also applicable for multi-component complex composite coatings.

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Szparaga, Ł., and J. Ratajski. "Pareto Optimal Multi-Objective Optimization of Antiwear Tialn/Tin/Cr Coatings." Advances in Materials Science 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2014-0001.

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ABSTRACT The multi-objective optimization procedure of geometry of TiAlN/TiN/Cr multilayer coatings was created. The procedure was applied to the multilayer coatings subjected to constant tangential and normal loads (Hertzian contact). In physical model Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers were treated as a continuous medium, thus in mathematical description of the stress and strain states in the coatings a classical theory of stiffness was used. Decisional variables used in procedure were thicknesses of Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers and decisional criteria were functions of the stress and strain fields in the coating and substrate. Using created optimization procedure, Pareto set of optimal values of layers' thicknesses were determined. Additionally, two methods of analysis of Pareto-optimal set were introduced and discussed.

Journal articles on the topic 'TiAIN Coatings'

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