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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tibetan and Mongolian

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tibetan and Mongolian'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tibetan and Mongolian"

1

Доржсүрэн, Бүрнээ. "Сумадираднаагийн “Харанхуйг арилгагч зул” (mun sel sgorn me, 1877) нэрт толь бичгийн тухай". Монгол судлал 46, № 1 (2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ms20224605.

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Having translated Buddhist literary work in the Tibetan language into the Mongolian language for centuries, Mongolians have enriched the Mongolian literature corpus. It is known that Tibetan Mongolian dictionaries have been the key reference for well-known Mongolian translators. In particular, the Tibetan-Mongolian dictionary composed by Sumatiratna (Luvsanrinchen) in 1877 is noticeable. Before this dictionary, there had been published several dictionaries by Tibetan and Mongolian lexicographers in two languages, such as Tibetan-Tibetan, and Tibetan-Mongolian. This article discusses how productively well-known Mongolian lexicographer Sumatiratna used not only Tibetan-Mongolian but also “Dörben jüyil-ün üsüg qabsuruγsan toli bičig” (18th-19th centuries) and also explanatory dictionary “Qorin nigetü tayilburi toli” (1708-1717). The original text of the dictionary “Qaranqui-yi arilγaγči jula” (The Lamp Dispelling Darkness) consisting of more than nine hundred pages was edited and published in two volumes in 1959, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Some features of Sumatiratna’s dictionary in terms of the macro and micro levels of its structure also was studied in this article.

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Zubko, Andrii. "Systems of Weight of Ancient Mongolian and Tibetan Civilizations." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 68 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.12.

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Ancient Mongolian and Tibetan civilizations have appeared in the mountainous areas, steppes and deserts of a huge region of the Earth, Central Asia. Their advent was preceded by a lengthy process of developing social relationships, material and spiritual culture of various peoples who lived in those lands. In ancient times, the forebears of Mongolian and Tibetan peoples were hunters and gatherers, and later on, they began breeding livestock and as a result, adopted nomadic lifestyle. To the southeast of this region, Chinese civilization has been developing during five thousand years in the valleys of the Yangtze and the Yellow River based on land cultivation, and later artisan and trade economy. The first political entities in the Far East – China, Korea and Japan – have created unified measures of length, weight and volume, without which successful economic development was impossible. Natural conditions of particular regions of the Earth largely define material and spiritual culture of their population. In addition, natural factor significantly influences the processes of social and political development in the countries that have appeared and asserted themselves in those regions over time. Mongolia is mostly a steppe and desert country, but nevertheless, the average elevation of its terrain over sea level is almost 1550 meters. The Mongolian territory includes four mountain ranges: the Altai, Sayan, Khangai and Khentii Mountains. In terms of the size, Mongolia’s Gobi Desert is the second-largest on the Earth, after the Sahara. Tibet also represents a huge plateau, surrounded by mountain ranges with deep valleys. Since Mongolia and Tibet are located far away from oceans and high above sea level, they have a dry and extreme continental climate. In certain areas of Mongolia, temperatures in wintertime can drop to 60 degrees centigrade below freezing, and in summertime, can reach 45 degrees above zero. In turn, climate in Tibet changes depending on elevation: close to subtropical in deep valleys and resembling tundra climate in highlands. Harsh climatic conditions did not favor fast growth of manufacture and trade in the lands of Mongolia and Tibet. This factor seriously impeded the process of creating their own systems of measurement, particularly systems of weight. In Mongolia, Manchuria and Tibet, political entities established on the basis of military democracy have appeared later than in the Far East. Afterwards, Mongolia and Tibet have developed into theocracies governed by Buddhist clergy. For millenniums, the influence of material and spiritual culture of China and other Far Eastern civilizations on political entities in Central Asia was very significant. However, having borrowed extensively from the Chinese system of measurement, Mongolia and Tibet have created their own systems of measurement. Mongolia’s and Tibet’s own systems of weight reflected the way manufacture and trade were organized in those lands. This article analyzes the degree of influence Chinese measures have had on formation of Mongolia’s and Tibet’s systems of weight, and determines the degree of their uniqueness. It also determines the scope of Mongolia’s and Tibet’s particular units of weight and the ratio between them in the structure of the systems of measurement.

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Haoribao, Enke, Yoshinori Natsume, and Shinichi Hamada. "Arrangement Plan of Inner Mongolia Buddhist Temple." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 8, no. 1 (2022): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-1-4.

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Since BC, the construction of cities has been started in the Mongolian Plateau with the establishment of dynasties, but many were turned into ruins. However, the Tibetan Buddhist temples built after the 16th century, which are an indispensable element in the process of settling the Mongolians from nomadic life, have been relatively well preserved in Inner Mongolia. These temples have been thought to be the epitome of the Mongolian economy, culture, art, and construction technology. Therefore, it has a great significance to research them systematically. Interestingly, these temples in Mongolia were originated from Inner Mongolia, which is located on the south side of Mongolia. The architectural design of these temples has been primarily influenced by Chinese and Tibetan temple architecture, suggesting that the temples appear to be considered a vital sample for studying temple architecture in Mongolia or East Asia. So far, there is still no study systematically on temple architecture in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, this research aims to study the arrangement plan of Inner Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist temples, which is the most important factor to consider in the first stage of temple construction.

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Batbayar, Tsedenbamba. "Grand Union between Tibet and Mongolia: Unfulfilled Dream of the 13th Dalai Lama." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, no. 17 (August 14, 2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.83.

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Since the late sixteenth century when Altan Khan of Tumed in Southern Mongolia adopted the Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism and supported it as the common faith of the Mongol people, the teaching and discipline of Buddhism greatly influenced the customs, society, and various activities of the nomadic Mongols. The Mongolian version of Tibetan Buddhism was called Lamaism, and the Buddhist monks were known as lamas. The highest ranking lama of Northern or Khalkha Mongolia was the well-known Jebtsundamba Khutagt. His first and second incarnations were born in the house of Tusheet Khan, the most influential one of four Khans of Khalkha Mongolia. They were recognized as spiritual leaders of Mongolia with high prestige in Mongolian politics. Consequently, the Manchu court in Peking became anxious of the prospects of a reunified Mongolia under their leadership. In order to prevent such perspective the Manchu emperor issued the unwritten regulation by which the third and its subsequent incarnations of the Jebtsundamba Khutagt were to be found in Tibet instead of Mongolia.1 The 8th Jebtsundamba Khutagt, who played an important role in the political life of modern Mongolia, was found as a boy in Tibet, and was brought to Mongolia in 1875 as a reincarnation of his predecessor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i17.83 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, No.17 2012: 75-80

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Mitruev, Bembya L. "Гадание посредством Авалокитешвары". Oriental Studies 13, № 4 (2020): 1018–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-50-4-1018-1044.

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Introduction. The article discusses the Oirat and Tibetan texts of Avalokiteshvara divination. Goals. The paper aims to introduce the Oirat fortune-telling text (which was in use in Western Mongolia) and its Tibetan version into scientific circulation. The divination is instrumental in studying religious practices and beliefs of the Oirats of Western Mongolia. Materials. Materials for the article were obtained from two sources. The Oirat text was borrowed from the collection titled The Light of Clear Script Texts (Mong. Tod Nomin Gerel) which is stored on the website of the Digital Library for International Research. The Tod Nomin Gerel Collection comprises digital copies of various Oirat-language texts written in ‘Clear Script’ and those of Tibetan-language ones. The Tibetan divination text was obtained by the author during language training in Ulaanbaatar in 2012-2013 from Amarbayasgalan Ulzibat, resident of Ulaanbaatar. Methods. The article employs the comparative method and that of contextual analysis. Results. A comparison of the Oirat and Tibetan texts makes it possible to assume that the Tibetan text is a translation from Mongolian/Oirat. This practice was inherent to Mongolian society. Thus, the study is of interest due to an opportunity to get comparative insights into fortune-telling traditions of Tibet and Mongolia, as well as the process of generating such texts and translation practices in traditional society.

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Mitruev, Bembya L. "Гадание посредством Авалокитешвары". Oriental Studies 13, № 4 (2020): 1018–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-5-4-1018-1044.

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Introduction. The article discusses the Oirat and Tibetan texts of Avalokiteshvara divination. Goals. The paper aims to introduce the Oirat fortune-telling text (which was in use in Western Mongolia) and its Tibetan version into scientific circulation. The divination is instrumental in studying religious practices and beliefs of the Oirats of Western Mongolia. Materials. Materials for the article were obtained from two sources. The Oirat text was borrowed from the collection titled The Light of Clear Script Texts (Mong. Tod Nomin Gerel) which is stored on the website of the Digital Library for International Research. The Tod Nomin Gerel Collection comprises digital copies of various Oirat-language texts written in ‘Clear Script’ and those of Tibetan-language ones. The Tibetan divination text was obtained by the author during language training in Ulaanbaatar in 2012-2013 from Amarbayasgalan Ulzibat, resident of Ulaanbaatar. Methods. The article employs the comparative method and that of contextual analysis. Results. A comparison of the Oirat and Tibetan texts makes it possible to assume that the Tibetan text is a translation from Mongolian/Oirat. This practice was inherent to Mongolian society. Thus, the study is of interest due to an opportunity to get comparative insights into fortune-telling traditions of Tibet and Mongolia, as well as the process of generating such texts and translation practices in traditional society.

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Ayusheeva, Marina V. "Экспедиционная деятельность П. Б. Балданжапова". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, № 4 (2021): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-661-671.

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The article examines one of the aspects of the creative heritage of Purbo Baldanovich Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), the eminent scholar of history and culture of Mongolian-speaking peoples. The study is of relevance, granted the importance of his field work and materials collected in the expeditions, including the data on the history and culture of Buryats, Mongolians, and Tuvans that need to be published. The article aims to give an estimate of Baldanzhapov’s scholarly work and of his role for the development of science in Buryatia and to introduce his field materials to make them available for scientific study. For the purpose, methods of source studies were used for the description and analysis of the field materials under study and the biographical method was employed in the estimation of the scholar’s contribution to the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian-speaking peoples. Materials used for the research were his field reports, reports, expedition diaries, and notebooks kept in the scholar’s personal archive (f. no. 29) at the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. While he was involved in numerous scholarly activities, Baldanzhapov focused on the collection and identification of written monuments, especially Mongolian chronicles and works on Indo-Tibetan medicine. As a member of historical- ethnographic expeditions, he collected data on shamanistic rituals, Buryat clans and families, folklore, and ethnography. His data on the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, the transformation of Mongolian society and the development of school education in Mongolia substantially supplement and concretize the history and culture of the peoples under study. Conclusions. Baldanzhapov managed to implement several large projects for the study of written sources, the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, and Indo-Tibetan medicine. The draft records of most field materials are not easy to work with, but they are sure to be of relevance for the researchers in the field. Notably, in terms of their thematic coverage, the archival materials, Mongolian and Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs, microfilms, which the scholar managed to collect, are unique in the collection of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (SB RAS).

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Kuras, Leonid V., Tsyden S. Ochirov та Bazar D. Tsybenov. "Формирование монгольской интеллигенции во Внутренней Монголии Китая в начале XX в." Oriental Studies 15, № 5 (2022): 930–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-930-940.

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Introduction. The 20th-century shaping and development of the intelligentsia in China’s Inner Mongolia remains understudied in Russian Mongolian studies. Goals. The study aims at exploring the development of Inner Mongolia’s education system, including in Daur-inhabited areas, in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, at determining the place and role of the Mongolian-Tibetan Special School in training of Inner Mongolia’s advanced youth. Materials and methods. The article analyzes a wide range of sources, including documents from the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History (RGASPI) and Central Archives of the Federal Security Service of Russia (CA FSB). It also examines a number of publications, such as collected documents and memoirs titled ‘Notes of Disasters and Sufferings’, one reference book on Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, and the Neimenggu ribao (Inner Mongolia Daily) newspaper. Certain attention is paid to works by Russian and foreign historians that touch upon some aspects of education development in ethnic regions of China. Results. In the early 20th century, the youth of Inner Mongolia gained opportunities to study at educational institutions of China and other countries. Subsequently, the revolutionary youth to further constitute a large proportion of the Mongolian intelligentsia took an active part in the sociopolitical events of the examined period. Conclusions. The reforms of the Qing and ROC governments in ethnic minorities education system gave rise to a large number of educational institutions to be attended by commoners’ children in Inner Mongolia. This proved a crucial factor to have formed a new social stratum in the region throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The latter was shaped by young Mongols to have undergone training not only in China but also in Japan, Mongolia, and the USSR. They played a significant role in the all-Mongolian national liberation movement. The paper asserts important impacts of the Mongolian-Tibetan Special School which had educated political elites of 20th-century Inner Mongolia.

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Kollmar-Paulenz, Karénina. "History Writing and the Making of Mongolian Buddhism." Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 20, no. 1 (2018): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arege-2018-0009.

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Abstract:When in the late sixteenth century the third Dalai Lama travelled to the Mongolian regions, he was accompanied by Buddhist monks of different Tibetan schools, Gelugpa, Sakyapa, Kagyüpa and others. Many of them built monasteries and temples in Mongolia, funded by Mongolian nobles. Although Gelugpa Buddhism quickly became dominant in Mongolia, the other schools remained present and active in the country until today. From the start, however, most Mongolian historians described the spread and development of Buddhism in the Mongolian lands as the endeavor of just one school, the ‘glorious Gelugpa’, ignoring the plurality of the Tibetan-Buddhist schools in the Mongolian religious field. This paper aims to analyze how and to what aims Mongolian historians created a uniform Gelugpa Buddhism, which taxonomies they used and which narratives they employed to present Gelugpa Buddhism as the religion of the Mongolian peoples. Moreover, the paper explores which impact Mongolian historiography had (and has) on modern scholarship and its narrative of Mongolian religious history. I argue that modern scholarship helps to perpetuate the ‘master narrativeʼ of Mongolian Buddhist historiography, presenting Mongolian Buddhism as a ‘pureʼ, exclusive Gelugpa Buddhism.

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Mitruev, Bembya L. "Гадание по нагару лампады". Oriental Studies 13, № 6 (2020): 1641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-52-6-1641-1651.

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Introduction. Oil lamp snuff divination practices used to be widespread enough in Tibet, Mongolia, Kalmykia, and other regions. Goals. The paper introduces into scientific discourse texts thereof in Chinese, Tibetan, and Mongolian. The analysis of the practices reveals values, logic, symbols, and structural patterns inherent to traditional societies. Materials. The article examines a number of sources, namely: 1) a Chinese text published in Hohhot (Inner Mongolia, PRC), 2) a Tibetan text posted on the website of Buddhist Digital Resource Center, 3) a Beijing xylograph of one Mongolian text stored at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia). The latter was checked against another copy of the Beijing xylograph submitted by Demberel Sükhee, a lecturer at the National University of Mongolia (Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies). Results. The article analyzes the traditional oil lamp snuff divination method and provides a comparative study of texts in three different languages, translating and transliterating the employed sources.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tibetan and Mongolian"

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Siklos, Bulcsu. "The Vajrabhairava Tantras : Tibetan & Mongolian texts with introduction, translation and notes." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260795.

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Leung, Chi-hong Jerry, and 梁致航. "Multilingual mixing among Chinese, Tibetan and Mongolian in the Qinghai area of China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48394828.

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The interactions among languages in the Qinghai Area of China involved the historical migration of those who came into the area at some point in time and settled in. In addition, political driving forces dictated various migratory movements of different ethnic groups to settle into the area throughout history. The Qinghai Area, known as Amdo in the Tibetan cultural world, constitutes a geographical depression in the northeastern end of the Tibetan plateau which is ideal for grazing and farming. The climate of the region is largely monitored by the mega size salt water lake known as the Qinghai Lake. The largest number of mixed cultural areal contact occurs around this lake particularly towards the east. The geographical feature of the area has proved itself as a strategic hub for military expansion at different time in history creating dynamics of interaction in every juncture. As a result, different levels of multilingual influences are observed among of the regional languages of each language groups. Among the diversified languages flourished in the area, the most prominent language groups are the Sinitic, Bodic and Mongolic languages. Through studies of corpuses, literature and contributions of human participants, the present condition of multilingual mixing among Chinese, Tibetan and Mongolian were explored. Within the various phenomena of language mixing and language changes, it is notable that these languages have lost parts of their original features while having gained foreign features as a result of language contacts among these ethnic groups.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Linguistics<br>Master<br>Master of Arts

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Turk, Elizabeth Hunter. "Healing by a national nature in 'disorganized' Mongolia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269922.

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This dissertation explores entanglements of body, national identity and nature in contemporary Mongolia. The project is situated within the rising popularity of natural remedies and alternative medicine during a time described as disorganized (zambaraagui) and disorderly. Data was collected from 33 months of fieldwork in Ulaanbaatar and elsewhere, focused on non-biomedical practices and therapeutic landscapes, especially medicinal springs (arshaan) and their sanatoria. This work contributes to studies of post-socialist Mongolia in a few ways. The methodological decision to engage in interview and participant observation of fortunetellers (üzmerch), practitioners of Buddhist and traditional medicine (otoch, ardiin emch), astrologists (zurhaich), energy healers (bio energich), shamans (böö, zairan, udgan), enlightened lamas (huvilgaan) and massage therapists (bariach) was driven by the fluid approach with which patients approach fulfilling the needs of their health and wellbeing. Such fluidity was also echoed in healing practice; as opposed to bounded by strict conceptual distinctions, healers re-purposed personally and culturally-familiar techniques, ranging from biomedical to those of Buddhist medicine (sowa rigpa) to occult practices. Many of the same techniques were practiced by a range of practitioners. The term orthopraxy, commonality of practice across conceptual difference, is used to address this phenomena. Such pairing together of different kinds of therapies – biomedical or otherwise – calls into question a “traditional” vs. modern or neo-spiritual framework within which such practices are often cast. I employ Robbin’s anthropology of discontinuity (2003), suggesting that Soviet influences represented “hard” cultural forms that provided a partial rupture in cultural knowledge between pre-revolutionary society and 1990. Nature (baigal) and natural surroundings (baigal orchin) were concepts often raised when discussing health and wellbeing. “Spiritual” earth and mountain masters (gazariin/uuliin ezed) of estranged homelands (nutag) that cause illness in families relocated to Ulaanbaatar; the water, flora, and mutton from one’s homeland as especially medicinally-suited to the body; shamans empowered to heal by appropriating into their practices the worship of nationally-significant mountains: territorialized national identity represented a prominent trend in healing practices. The revering of a nation through natural landmarks I call national nature, and suggest it be seen both with respect to romantic and utilitarian conceptions of a therapeutic nature that underpinned Soviet medicine, and Soviet indigenization campaigns and the ethnonationalism that was encouraged to flourish in borderland republics. Affective rooting to natural landmarks to maintain or restore wellbeing was also a way to enact Mongol-ness, rendering healing the body at once a practice of national subject-making.

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Huang, Chin-Nu, and 黃錦女. "Organizational Change of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xrm2gg.

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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>行政管理碩士學程<br>106<br>The thesis aims to discuss about the organizational change of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission, a Cabinet-level organization established in 1928 and terminated in 2017, which has been seen as a rare case in the public policy analysis. Established for nearly a century, the Commission has undergone several changes. This essay will be focused on the key factors that affect how the Commission operates, the reason why it has long been put into the termination list of public organizations yet has not been dismissed/terminated for such a long time since 1989, and why the Commission eventually encounters a rapid termination announcement from the Executive Yuan, its supervising agency, and enters into a prompt termination process for as short as merely 2 months. By sorting out the elements resulted in the Commission’s establishment, expansion, maintenance, succession, and termination, an overall image depicting how the Commission has been transformed is successfully drawn out. The essay not only deliberates on the Commission’s process of termination and the comprehensive factors leading to its termination, but carries out a theoretical verification on this matter. It is argued that the government should make the best use of the characteristics of the organization, and conduct organizational adjustment after taking national interests into account. It is suggested that the organization of specific ethnics should be combined and integrated into one public agency. The author hopes that the thesis may provide a complete and overall record on the Commission, which used to be a significant agency yet turned out to be a candle flickering in the wind. It is also hoped that the termination of the Commission can be considered one of the practical cases verifying the theories on policy termination as well as organizational termination, so as to serve as a good example for the government to conduct relevant organizational reforms in the future. Keywords: Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission, organizational change, organizational termination, organization termination

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Li, Wen Chun, and 李雯純. "A Case Study of Mongolian and Tibetan Culture Center’s Campus Tour and Outreach Program." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65533317835903280801.

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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>博物館學研究所碩士班<br>103<br>Due to globalization and ever-changing world, ethnic migration has become a current phenomenon in contemporary societies. Museums existing in multi-cultural communities therefore inevitably face the issue of multicultural education. An ethnic cultural museum and cultural center in particular play a crucial role on that in the context of today's pluralistic society. Taking the Mongolian and Tibetan Culture Center as a case, the aim of the study was to explore the key issues and possibilities of museum-school collaboration through museums’ outreach programs. This study used a qualitative approach and took the exhibition and outreach program of “Dazzling from the alpine grassland ─folk arts from Mongolia and Tibet” as unit of analysis, which were toured to five schools in 2012. The author conducted literature reviews, observation and interviews to collect data and to strengthen the research validity and reliability with triangulation. The results of this study are as follows: 1. There are significance that the Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center curated campus tour and outreach program to achieve museum learning and multicultural education. However, the Center needs to further its programs in three ways for progresses, which are to establish an administrative cooperation mechanism for museum-school services, to plan and to evaluate the programs based on mutual needs between museums and schools, and to make the program a link of school curriculum. 2. There are suggestions for the school outreach programs of Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center in the future. First, it is fundamental for the center to confirm ethnic orientation along with local governments’ policies of multicultural education. Secondly, it is more effective if the theme of exhibition is more specific and links to school curriculum and students’ daily lives. Furthermore, the programs should be targeted differently for schools at all levels. Finally, the center after re-organizing could make networking with the Tourism Bureau, cultural communities and other related institutions for promoting culture and education.

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Swei, Haw-Yun, and 隋皓昀. "“King of earth and Chen”：study on Qing Dynasty governance the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes of Qinghai." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08342531856288872496.

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博士<br>國立中正大學<br>歷史研究所<br>99<br>Qinghai qoshot, the Gelug Sect and the Qing Dynasty Canonized and by way of tribute, Construct both the“King of earth and Chen”relationship. However, due to problem of the territory, disputes of the Dalai Lama’s reincarnation and other issues, Qinghai qoshot stimulate the move against the Qing, lead to the collapse of the regime. Begin planning the new feature of the post-war Qinghai region, the strategy is to Mongolian tribes have their own lives, animal husbandry of the area, Belong to other areas of Gansu,Sichuan andYunnan provinces. Mongol tribes to follow the model of governance Qing Dynasty, regular pilgrimage and to the league, Tibetan tribes and the establishment of chengxu＆baixu（千戶與百戶） and to the league, Qinghai Gelugpa Lama belongs into Beijing Hutuketu system. Qinghai Mongol tribes because it is not effectively defend itself from the Guoluo, Xunhua and Guide tibet tribes looting their respective areas of action. The beginning of the Qing court to order the Mongolian tribes defense grabber. Then sent troops to expel their own, Shall not be effective. Finally, These Tibet tribes comes back to the Qinghai, and formed the phenomenon of mixed Mongolian and Tibetan tribes. Qing Dynasty last years, Gansu, Qinghairegion disorder of social order, Foreign companies and the Russian delegation have settled in it.To inspire a sense of imperial crisis,economic and political reform, a view to relieve pressure from a variety of powers. In short, Qing Dynasty governance the Mongolian and Tibetan tribes of Qinghai, by the transformation of “King of earth and Chen”, we can see its from “State under Heaven” to the history of the modern state.

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Lin, Yu-Chu, and 林玉珠. "The Impact of Uncertainty of Organizational Change on Job Stress and Career Development ：A Case of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h7486v.

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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>行政管理碩士學程<br>107<br>Since the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) has been in the history of the past 100 years, it has been controversial due to many factors such as political factors, de-sinification issues, shrinking organizational functions, and which ministry should be consolidated. The government reform of MTAC has been delayed for almost 30 years. Finally, after a lengthy process of government reform, the MTAC officially ended its history in 2017. In the end, the reform of the MTAC rushed through the business handover and personnel consolidation in just over a month. However, the whole process about handing over occupation and the merger of employee, completed in less than 2 month. It is essential to discuss about the uncertainty of the organization change, the pressure of members, and the impact on the employee career development. However, the uncertain factors generated in the process of MTAC reform, the pressure on the members of the organization, and the impact on the career development of employees are necessary to explore. Focusing on the MTAC, the second-level institution of the Executive Yuan, the goal of this study is to discover the impact of the uncertainty of the change process on the stress and career development of the members of the organization. This study targeted on the employees who transferred, resigned, retired, and accepted the transfer in three periods of time including before, during the process, and after the organization. Using in-depth interviews, this research analyzes the uncertainties at each time period of the organizational change process of the MTAC and the employees’ inner feelings and its influences of the members of the organization. The study found that the main uncertainties before the organizational change of the MTAC were the change of information, the unclear timetable. Additionally, the main stress is the reduction of resources and work insecurity. During the transfer of organizational change process, the role and pressure of the administrative unit is greater than that of the business units. Uncertainties after organizational change are unclear business content, lack of job security, excessive role overload and loss of job status. Moreover, the supervisor pressure is significantly lower than that of non-supervisors. Therefore, before, during the process and after the organizational change, the non-executive staff in the administrative unit may have more alternatives to transfer, resign, and retire to change their career plans. The study also demonstrated that the organizational change had no significant impact on the career development of employees who had been appointed by the Mongolian and Tibetan Employment Law. Furthermore, pension reform of the government is one of the important factors affecting the postponement of employees’ retirement Based on the findings, this study suggests that the government should provide comprehensive supporting strategies and establish a reform group when conducting government reform. In addition, the government should offer clear information on changes and time schedule, and increase more transfer options for the employees, coordinate the manpower, offer orientation training and socialize measurement to assist the employee. Furthermore, the government should build up consulting group to improve mental support for the employees and make them quickly adapt to a new organizational culture. To avoid the loss of professional manager and leader, the government should offer the appropriate position for them. Finally, the government should plan for coordinative measures to reach the purpose of organizational change and make it more elastic and efficient. For high level of governmental officials, it should be appropriate to avoid wasting human resources to achieve the goal of reforming the government with refinement, flexibility and effectiveness.

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Wang, Jun-zhung, and 王俊中. "The cooperation and Conflict in Politico-Religious Relations: Relationship changed between Tibetan, Mongolian and Manchu during dGe-lugs-pa seized their power in Tibet in Late Ming and Early Qing." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85212345848953858462.

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Chi, Hui-Chen, and 紀慧貞. "The Political-Economic Analysis of the Impact of Taiwan’s Party Rotation on the Relations between Taiwan and the Mongolian Settlements: A Case Study of Public Health and Medical Care Exchange by the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ggkugv.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>政治學研究所<br>105<br>Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission originated from the Qing Dynasty. There were two reasons why the authority would set up the organization to manage the areas more effectively: First, Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups have their own language, customs, and unique local administrational systems. Second, Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic areas are located close to the border of China, which are important national defense areas. The central government of the Republic of China was not able to govern the Mongolian and Tibetan areas after moving to Taiwan from Mainland China, however, the authority still kept the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission because it wished to maintain the concept of Republic of China, so called the“Begonia”which is the shape of the state on the map, because the Commission symbolized it politically. For the sake of the fusion of ethnic groups and national benefit in the long run, Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission developed another way out for Taiwan, while Lee Teng-hui administration and Chen Shui-bian Administration period. That is to communicate with the Republic of Kalmykia、Buryat, Tuva, three Mongolian ethnic group based states, on public health and medical care field which made Taiwan more well known internationally. After 2008, Ma Ying-jeou administration took the same exchange model but, instead, with inner Mongolia district under People’s Republic China to enhance the cross strait relationship. As the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission is part of the administrative system and its function tends to political side, therefore, its behavior would be influenced by the authority’s policy inevitably. As a result, during the transition of the ruling parties, the focus of the professional works of the Commission will be naturally affected due to the different ideology of the ruling party. The main purposes of this study are: 1, to describe the discontinuity and turning of the behaviors, caused by party transition, of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission in the period from the Lee Teng-hui administration to the period of the Chen Shui-bian administration, and the period of the Chen Shui-bian administration to the Ma Ying-jeou administration. 2, to resolve the interactions among the various levels at the decision-making structure and 3, to interpret the impacts brought up by those interactions in the structure eventually.

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福嶌, 義宏, 哲夫大畑, 裕二兒玉 та ін. "シベリア-モンゴル-チベット寒冷地域のエネルギー水循環の変動に関する総合的研究". 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13098.

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Books on the topic "Tibetan and Mongolian"

1

T, Chuluun-Ėrdėnė, and Kokuritsu Minzokugaku Hakubutsukan, eds. A great Tibetan-Mongolian lexicon. National Museum of Ethnology, 2011.

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Yumiko, Ishihama, and Alex McKay, eds. The Early 20th Century Resurgence of the Tibetan Buddhist World. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728645.

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The Early 20th Century Resurgence of the Tibetan Buddhist World is a cohesive collection of studies by Japanese, Russian and Central Asian scholars deploying previously unexplored Russian, Mongolian, and Tibetan sources concerning events and processes in the Central Asian Buddhist world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Set in the final days of the Qing empire when Russian and British empires were expanding into Central Asia, this work examines the interplay of religious, economic and political power among peoples who acknowledged the religious authority of Tibet's Dalai Lama. It focuses on diplomatic initiatives involving the 13th Dalai Lama and other Tibetan Buddhist hierarchs during and after his exile in Mongolia and China, as well as his relations with Mongols, and with Buriat, Kalmyk, and other Russian Buddhists. It demonstrates how these factors shaped historical processes in the region, not least the reformulations of both group identity and political consciousness.

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V, Clark Larry, and Walravens Hartmut 1944-, eds. Bibliographies of Mongolian, Manchu-Tungus, and Tibetan dictionaries. Harrassowitz, 2006.

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compiler, Sumʺi͡aa Dorzhpalamyn, Pu̇rėvzhav D. editor translator, and Khėl Zokhiolyn Khu̇rėėlėn (Mongolyn Shinzhlėkh Ukhaany Akademi), eds. The study of Mongolian literature in Tibetan (Compilation). Institute of Language and Literature, MAS, 2013.

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Ëndon, D. Tȯvd-Mongolyn uran zokhiolyn kharilt︠s︡aany asuudald: (Tȯvd, Mongol "Mȯriĭn zėrėg"-iĭn khoër taĭlbar). Khėl Zokhiolyn Khu̇rėėlėn, 2014.

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Ṅag-dbaṅ-blo-bzaṅ-bstan-paʾi-rgyal-mtshan. Aliba ebecin-du̇r tusalaġci altan arur-a-yin comorliġ. Ȯbȯr Mongġol-un Sinjileku̇ Uqaġan Tegnig Mergejil-u̇n Keblel-u̇n Qoriy-a, 1986.

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Tėrbish, L. Tȯvd Mongol dokhiony bichig shinėkhėn oi︠u︡untan kharaad bai︠a︡sagch tolʹ =: Bod Hor gyi brda yig blo gsar mthoṅ pa dgaʾ byed me loṅ. [s.n.], 2001.

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Bi︠a︡mbaa, Ragchaagiĭn. Mongolchuudyn Tȯvd khėlėėr tuurvisan Mongol khėlėnd orchuulsan nom zu̇ĭn bu̇rtgėl =: The bibliographical guide of the Mongolian writers in the Tibetan language and the Mongolian translators. [s.n.], 2004.

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Béla, Kelényi, ed. Demons and protectors: Folk religion in Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhism. Ferenc Hopp Museum of Eastern Asiatic Art, 2003.

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Béla, Kelényi, and Hopp Ferenc Kelet-Ázsiai Művészeti Múzeum (Hungary), eds. Demons and protectors: Folk religion in Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhism. Ferenc Hopp Museum of Eastern Asiatic Art, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tibetan and Mongolian"

1

Hong Lee, Lily Xiao. "Hoshut Mongolian Princess." In Oral Histories of Tibetan Women. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003268031-11.

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Lattimore, Eleanor. "Mongolia, Sinkiang, and Tibet." In The State of Asia. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003412625-3.

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Low, Kim Cheng Patrick. "Leadership in China, Mongolia and Tibet." In Leading Successfully in Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71347-2_5.

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Low, Patrick Kim Cheng. "Leadership in China, Mongolia and Tibet." In Leading Successfully in Asia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31287-8_5.

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Miller, Terry E., and Andrew Shahriari. "East Asia: China, Mongolia, Japan, Tibet." In World Music CONCISE, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003288848-7.

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Miller, Terry E., and Andrew Shahriari. "East Asia: China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Tibet." In World Music. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367823498-7.

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Sandman, Erika, and Francesca Di Garbo. "Chapter 6. Contact-induced reduction, loss, and emergence of numeral classifiers." In Nominal Classification in Asia and Oceania. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.362.06san.

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This paper examines contact-induced change in numeral classifier systems based on two case studies of East Asian languages. Study 1 investigates contact-induced loss and emergence of numeral classifiers in different languages of the Amdo Sprachbund, where Sinitic languages are engaged in a long-term history of contact with Mongolic, Turkic and Tibetic languages. Study 2 focuses on loss of numeral classifiers as a result of language attrition, as testified by the isolate language Nivkh under the pressure of the dominant language Russian. The data discussed in the paper are based on fieldwork as well as on secondary sources. We discuss the patterns of language change that foster the reduction, loss and emergence of numeral classifiers and the different socio-historical scenarios where these developments occur. A general discussion and a tentative comparison with contact-induced change in the domain of grammatical gender, another type of nominal classification strategy, conclude the paper.

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Liu, Chong, and Ying Han. "Analysis of the Influence of Tibetan Buddhism on the Formation and Development of Urban Areas in Mongolia Region in Qing Dynasty." In Human-Centered Urban Planning and Design in China: Volume I. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83856-0_8.

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Makoto, Tachibana. "Friendship and Antagonism." In The Early 20th Century Resurgence of the Tibetan Buddhist World. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728645_ch03.

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This paper is particularly concerned with the economic aspects of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Mongolian exile. His presence there eclipsed the authority of Mongolia’s highest incarnation, the Jebtsundamba Khutughtu, and offerings formerly given to the Mongolian leader were gifted to the Tibetan leader. Tibetans accompanying their leader also became an important economic presence in Mongolia, and in the final part of the paper the author discusses the implications of this Tibetan presence after 1913, when Mongolia and Tibet afforded each other mutual diplomatic recognition amidst claims to independence. The revitalization of the interchange between Tibet and Mongolia resulted not only in friendship, but also in antagonism.

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Lindahl, Jared R. "The Ritual Veneration of Mongolia’s Mountains." In Tibetan Ritual. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195392814.003.0011.

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Abstract Despite the obvious influence of Tibetan Buddhism upon the religious landscape of Mongolia, Mongolian Buddhism is not simply Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, just as Tibetan Buddhism is not simply Indian Buddhism in Tibet. Previous scholarship on the ritual manuals that engage Mongolia’s local deities has tended to consider these rituals as instances of the corruption of Buddhism by “Shamanism.”Rather than argue that the introduction of Buddhism to Mongolia resulted in an unfortunate hybrid tradition of ritual practice, I suggest that ritual was an oblique strategy that Buddhists intentionally used “in order to emplace themselves within a local society”2—in the process, converting indigenous practices into Buddhist practices. Although ritual theorists unanimously acknowledge that place is a significant component to the understanding of ritual, there is a difference of opinion regarding exactly how significant place is.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tibetan and Mongolian"

1

Kuras, Leonid, Norovsambuu Khishigt, and Bazar Tsybenov. "From «Revolution in Kolchakia» to the Mongolian Revolution, 1921." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.42.

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In the frame of transnational history the article examines the connection between the Russian revolution, 1917 with Civil war in Siberia and the Mongolian revolution, 1921. Along with it, the article reveals cooperation of Bolshevik party, Comintern and leaders of Buryat national movement with Mongolian leaders of national liberation movement for introduction of revolutionary ideas in Mongolia. The special attention is given to the ideologists and leaders of the Mongolian revolution, and Mongolian-Tibetan department in the section of Asian peoples.

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Kuras, Leonid. "Grant Activities of RFH/RFBR — Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Mongolia) as the Instrument of «Soft Power» (Based on the Materials of IMBT SB RAS)." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.43.

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The notion of «soft power» is becoming an effective instrument in foreign policy, economics, education, science and culture during last decade. Based on the materials of Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies SB RAS (IMBT SB RAS) grants of RFH/RFBR — Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of Mongolia have become one of the effective instruments of «soft power», also the mechanism of this policy maintained by modern Russia toward to Mongolia.

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Tushinov, Bair, Snezhana Garmaeva, and Irina Van. "GLOSSARY DROPLETS OF NECTAR BY THE BURYAT SCHOLAR RINCHEN NOMTOEV: UNKNOWN SOURCE IN CLASSICAL MONGOLIAN WRITING." In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.38.

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The article is devoted to Rinchen Nomtoev’s previously unexplored work in the Old Mongolian script — a small glossary to his own commentary on the nitishastra by the ancient Indian philosopher Nagarjuna A Drop That Feeds People. Rinchen Nomtoev was the abbot of a Buddhist temple and was engaged in enlightenment of the Buryat people, publishing dictionaries, commentaries on Buddhist texts. The glossary discussed in the article was intended for ordinary laymen and was written to clarify terms that are difficult to understand. R. Nomtoev transfers complex terms in tracing paper to the Buryat-Mongolian script from Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.

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Van, Irina. "FOLK STORIES AND SONGS ABOUT THE BURYAT USURERS IN THE OLD MONGOLIAN SCRIPT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MANUSCRIPT OF DASHI BUBEEV." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.36.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of folk stories and songs about some Buryat usurers who lived in the Aginsky steppes of Zabaikalye in the second half of the 19th — first quarter of the 20th centuries, recorded by the Buryat chronicler Dashi Bubeev from the old residents of that time. A particular scientific interest lies in the fact that a previously unknown handwritten source in the old Mongolian script Brief historical notes, stories and songs about the Buryat usurers and noyons (Burayad ulus-yin urda-yin bayad noyad tuqai üge-nüüd ba daγun-uud-un tobči tedüi teüke amui) kept in the Mongolian fund of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition to this manuscript, the Mongolian fund contains about thirty other works by the chronicler D. Bubeev. This manuscript is an original monument of Buryat literature and folklore in Old Mongolian script with elements of the genre of travelogue.

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Badamgur, B. "MONGOLIAN WORDS WRITTEN IN TIBETAN SCRIPT IN THE “CODE OF ALTAN KHAN”." In Международная научная конференция "Мир Центральной Азии-V", посвященная 100-летию Института монголоведения,буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. Сибирское отделение РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604788981_485.

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Wang, Xingxing, Yubao Qiu, Pengfei Xie, Juha Lemmetyinen, Wenshan Liang, and Bin Cheng. "Comparative Analysis to the Lake Ice Phenology Changes of Mongolian Plateau, Tibetan Plateau and Northern Europe through Passive Microwave." In 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-fall48861.2019.9021739.

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Sutyagina, Natal’ya. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE INTERIOR DECORATION OF THE NOINULA TOMBS (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE MONGOLIAN-TIBETAN EXPEDITION)." In ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CULTURES OF CENTRAL ASIA (THE FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION OF URBANIZED AND CATTLE-BREEDING SOCIETIES). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907298-09-5-218-223.

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Wang, Shiliang. "Considerations on the "Mutual Embedding" of Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Salar and Mongolian and Han Nationality in the Perspective of Intermarriage - Data Analysis Based on Qinghai Province." In 2017 4th International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemct-17.2017.77.

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zhao, zhiqin, and Sui-Zhi He. "Analysis of the floating minority population in Tibet and Mongolia based on the Cox model." In 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modelling, and Intelligent Computing (CAMMIC 2022), edited by Chi-Hua Chen, Xuexia Ye, and Hari Mohan Srivastava. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2638756.

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Mii, Horng-sheng, Guang Shi, and Shuzhong Shen. "PERMIAN PALEOENVIRONMENT INDICATED BY STABLE CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE RECORDS OF BRACHIOPOD SHELLS FROM TIBET AND MONGOLIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282618.

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