Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tidsstudier'
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Nilsson, Viktor. "Genomförande och framtagning av metod för tidsstudier vid LB-Hus AB." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2351.
Full textSyftet med detta examensarbete var att bestämma enhetstider som används för prissättning och produktionsplanering av ytterväggar vid LB-Hus AB. Syftet var också att utforma en standard för kommande tidmätningar vid förtaget.
Som hjälpmedel vid tidmätningarna har programvaran Umt-Plus använts. För att underlätta vid kommande mätningar vid företaget har enklare instruktioner för de vanligaste funktionerna i programmet tagits fram och arbetsgången noggrant dokumenterats.
Under genomförandet av tidmätningarna har produktionsprocessen granskats och de problem som har uppmärksammats är bl a. oklarheter i ritningsunderlagen som snabbt orsakar störningar i produktionen och att de beredningsmissar som förekommer ofta resulterar i onödigt dubbelarbete.
De uppmätta enhetstiderna stämmer väl överens med de tider som i dagsläget används av företaget. Dock har bara en linje undersökts och vidare undersökningar bör göras vid de andra linjerna för att med säkerhet kunna bekräfta de tider som används. Vid studien har verkningsgraden vid linjen uppmätts till 74 % och det är lägre än vad LB-Hus AB använder sig av vid sin kalkylering. Skillnaden mellan verklig verkningsgrad och den antagna kan vara en orsak till att det i nuläget behövs en hel del övertid för att hinna med den produktion som läggs ut i fabriken.
Nguyen, Thomas. "Möjligheten till kortare lossningstider genom processkartläggning och tidsstudier av aktiviteter på godsmottagningen vid ett centrallager." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168095.
Full textThe company in this study stocks products for a retail company and is currently in an expansion phaseas the retail company opens new stores. The company plans for a new warehouse in the future, butuntil a new warehouse is built and the current five warehouses the company is operating must copewith the increased demand. The operation manager thinks that the container unloading takes too long,therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide the company with basis to shorten the unloadingtimes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential for improvement in the unloading processesand the cost difference between different container unloading’s.The company's goods reception has been mapped through a case study, which was based oninterviews and observations. The mapping shows that the goods reception has eight ports, and five ofthem are equipped with conveyor belts. The company also uses two different unloading processes.One unloading process in ports with conveyor belts and the other in ports without conveyor belts(open ports). Time studies were conducted on both unloading processes on eight different containers,to include, among other things, how the unloading times for different containers differ. The timestudies were also conducted to study how various activities in the unloading process was affected bythe contents of the containers.After the time studies, the costs for unloading the containers have been calculated. The results showthat the costs vary between the different containers. The cost was 1 258 SEK at the lowest and 5 453SEK at the highest. The study also included the cost per completed Euro-pallet and the cost per boxthat was unloaded. Analysis of results shows that containers unloaded at open ports are generallycheaper for companies as the unloading process requires less repackaging and fewer workers, eventhough the containers contained more and heavier boxes.With analyses of the time studies, interviews, observations, and mapping, seven problem areas for theunloading processes were identified, which are how the boxes are packed in the containers, the degreeof filling in the containers, information about the number of boxes on Euro-pallets, lack of space at thegoods receiving area, different work strategies, placement of plastic machines, and planned unloadingtimes. The effects of these problem areas are that the workers must spend unnecessary time searching,sorting, and repackaging the boxes and that workers are stationary on various occasions.To address the problem areas, we recommended the company to implement various changes. The firstrecommendation was that the company should focus on improving the collaboration with the suppliersto be able to get more information and influence how the suppliers pack the boxes in the containers. Itis also the main recommendation for the company because many of the identified problem areas thecompany can avoid by improved collaboration with the suppliers. Also, the company wasrecommended to implement a standardized working method and investigate the possibilities formoving plastic machines to reduce unnecessary activities and driving distance. The company was alsorecommended to check the container lists so that the information always matches with the companysystem and to create an article register so that the workers know the number of boxes and how to packthem in the Euro-pallets.
Andersson, Linus, and Victor Polsten. "Effektivisering av två monteringslinor ur ett produktivitetsperspektiv." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21738.
Full textBarzenji, Swara, and Anders Västfält. "Utveckling av produktionslina." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Mechanical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9139.
Full textThe company is currently in a stage of improvement and has therefore taken the help of students at School of Engineering, Jonkoping University. The current production is batch, production layout is fixed. A bottleneck is created after the first station which leads to large efficiency loss.
The meaning of this report was to provide a layout suggestion with balanced workstations to a new production line. The conditions were that the production line would be one-way, driven by customers order and meet a demand of 40 products per week.
In order to achieve a result, different methods and tools have been used, these have been time studies, video recording, case studies and interviews with assemblers and supervisor. Theoretical background has been helpful for the choice of methods and work implementation.
The result of this work was a series of solutions based on the company’s strategy and the methods that has been used. Solution A uses three stations with the idea to create a suction through the flow and smooth line balancing. Solution B also had three stations with the basic concept to be able to adjust the number of stations. The number of stations can be selected when the demand change between two, three or six stations. The last Solution C meaning was to create a production line where the operations of the same character had their own place. This solution has five stations, creating a large efficiency loss.
The conclusion is that Layout proposal B is best for the company. This is because it is the most flexible proposal when it is possible to adapt to a demand from 20- 100 products /week. Proposal for methods development and opportunities for improvement in production can be found in the conclusion and discussion.
Granberg, Markus. "Framtagning av Arbetsprocess för Generering av Globala Elementblad med stöd av Digitala Underlag : – Ett koncept med dagens programvaruportfölj för Scanias chassimontering." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103797.
Full textScania operates in a global market and has manufacturing at multiple sites worldwide. Independently of where they are made, a consistently applied standardized work is a fundamental necessity to ensure the quality of their products. Assembly instructions – or element sheets as they are called at Scania, play an important role in communicating this standardized work across the entire company. The so called standardized work is relatively well established amongst production units which assembles the same type of key component, but in a wider perspective there are differences in presentation of the data in element sheets as well as the work methods used to create them. This evokes the need to standardize the creation process as well as how the data of the element sheets are presented. The purpose of this study has been to develop and test an efficient work process where digital models are used for creating element sheets with a high level of comprehensibility, and in addition for conducing predetermined motion time study (PMTS) of the activities included in them. Thus, a link between digital test assembly (DTA) and the process for creating element sheets has been established. A proposal for a work process for the creation of element sheets for the chassis assembly is presented. In this, the use of digital models while conducting PMTS as well as when extracting illustrations for describing assembly operations are fundamental. The work process is adapted to fit Scania’s existing software portfolio. The result of the survey where the work process efficiency was evaluated showed that it has the potential to deliver element sheets with a higher quality than the process of today.
Salomonsson, Joakim. "Detaljplanerad materiallogistik för byggarbetsplatser med hög upprepandegrad." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26907.
Full textKarlsson, Emelie. "Identifiering av flaskhalsar på ett pappersbruk : En tidsstudie på produktionsavdelningens förpackningsmaskiner." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell Produktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167247.
Full textIf Nordic Paper Seffle AB is going to expand or exchange parts in their production in the future, they have to base their decisions in facts. Today, the production department doesn’t have any cycle times, or activities documented for their three packaging machines. By doing this thesis a time study will be performed with the purpose of documenting the machines activities and to identify bottle necks in the value stream. The thesis has its’ roots in Lean, with tools and concepts profound to the philosophy. The work won’t involve any time studies of the operators in any way. This means that it’s only the packaging machines which will be studied. Circular work will be mentioned to give a clearer picture of the process. The listed activities will be reported in tables together with their cycle times. An analysis will follow each packaging machine for whole groups or single activities, presented as bottle necks. The results will be analyzed and viewed from an efficiency perspective and will be compared to, among other things, the points Lean presents for waste. Here, the bottle necks will be described alongside why they are considered bottle necks for the packaging machines. In connection to this a probable reason and solution is presented. The result is expected to help the company grow and lay a foundation for future studies in related areas that will be further described in the conclusion.
Lennartsson, Ambjörn, and Martin Svensson. "Ordersärkostnader och lagerföringskostnader - AB Bruzaholms Bruk." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15167.
Full textWennerström, Helena, and Karl Hybinette. "Sjuksköterskearbetet på en neonatal intensivvårdsavdelning : en tidsstudie." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-37.
Full textThe risk for acquire stress related diseases is high in medical staff since the demand on quality, efficiency and work pace has increased. There is not much recent knowledge about how nurses in neonatal intensive care spend their time and which work tasks the nurses perform in their everyday work. The aim of this study was to examine which work tasks a nurse in neonatal intensive care perform during their workday and present a survey to how the time divides between these different tasks. A structured time study was performed at a neonatal intensive care unit in Sweden. The result show how the nurses divide their time between 69 different work tasks divided in to 23 categories in eight areas of competence and how the nursing work divide in terms of time between direct patient care and other patient related tasks. Nurses spend 54 percent of the total worked time to indirect care like preparations for nursing tasks, material and cooperation with external caregivers while 35 percent where spent at direct bedside care. The nurses time is divided between many different tasks and areas of expertise, it is necessary to evaluate the nursing profession and the tasks that leads them away from the patients bed.
GANJBAR, LINDA, and SANDRA NORDSTRÖM. "Att larma eller inte larma." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17379.
Full textProgram: Textilekonomutbildningen
Bayley, Peter. "Mätning av produktionstiden vid prefabricerade hus : En tidsstudie vid Sävsjö Trähus AB." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1527.
Full textVid prissättning av ett hus ingår produktionskostnaden och den utgör en stor andel av det totala priset. I produktionskostnaden ingår material, avskrivning samt löner. Kostnaden för löner är den mest svårbedömda eftersom husens storlek och arkitektur aldrig är lika. Ansvarige för offert och avtal använder sig idag av olika tillverkningsfaktorer vid beräkning och framtagning av offerter. Dessa är baserade på många års erfarenhet, där enheten antingen är timme/m2 eller timme/st beroende på vilken faktor som avses. Idag har man full kontroll över det totala täckningsbidraget, men det finns en viss osäkerhet vad gäller fördelningen mellan husen eftersom det ständigt cirkulerar flera hus i produktionen. I föreliggande examensarbete har ett flertal tidsstudier utförts för att granska tillverkningsfaktorerna och relationen mellan dem. Fabrikens produktionsflöde styrs av tillverkningen av ytterväggar varefter arbetet avgränsades till att främst mäta stationerna som monterar dessa. Resultatet av tidsstudien pekar på att yttervägg gjord i linan och gavelvägg gjord i vändbänken har en för hög faktor i det nuvarande systemet. Vidare mättes fönster som monterades löst i ett färdigt block och fönster som reglades i fönsterbänk. Båda dessa faktorer resulterade i en för låg faktor jämfört med nuvarande. Andra faktorer som mättes var yttervägg vändbänk, gavelspets och locpanel. I samband med tidsstudien, som utfördes under totalt 4 veckors tid, granskades även produktionsprocessen vilket resulterade i några förslag på åtgärder som förbättrar effektivitet, kvalitet och säkerhet i fabriken. Att fördela arbetet på ett bättre sätt i linan vid produktion av panelhus är ett av förslagen som skulle höja effektiviteten.
Price-setting of a house includes production-cost and the production-cost is a substanial part of the total price. In production-cost are material, write-offs and salaries included. The last mentioned factor is the one that is most difficult to determine since the house-sizes and architectures never are the same. The person responsible for tender and making deals are today using factors of manufacturing which are based upon many years of experience and where the measurement is either h/m2 or h/pc depending on which factor one uses. The total covering-costs is good totally, but one does not know whether the proportions between different house-types is accurate since it constantly circulates multiple different houses in production. In this examination-work has multiple time-studies been made to research the factors of manufacturing and the proportion of them. The production-flow of the factory is controlled of the manufacturing of outer-walls and therefore the studies narrowed down to measure the stations that are assembling these. The results of the time-study showed tendencies that outer-walls made in the line and gables made at the turning-table have a factor that is high in the present system. Windows that was installed loose in a partition and windows that were studded in windowsill were also measured. Both these factors resulted in a low factor comparing to the presence.During the time-study, that lasted four weeks of time, was even the production-process researched and resulted in suggestions for changes that could increase efficiency, quality and security in the factory. One of the suggestions that could result in more efficiency was dividing the workload more efficiently in production of prefabricated houses.
Asad, Ahmed, and Rikard Sallander. "Balansering och tidsoptimering av materialsatsning till F12-monteringen på Parker PMDE Trollhättan." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för produktionssystem (PS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9440.
Full textIn industries, the management tools of Lean Production are used to develop and streamline operations in a way to reduce waste and lead times in all processes. Parker PMDE in Trollhättan manufactures hydraulic machines. Since the 90´s, Parker has pursued business development under the management principles of Lean Production. One of the next steps in Parkers continuous improvement was to explore opportunities to develop a kitting department so that a worker could provide the assembly with the material quickly without surplus resources. In the current situation, there is an imbalance from the kitting station towards the tact times in the assembly station because it takes longer at the kitting station to pick materials for four hydraulic machines, than it takes for the assembly station to consume these kits of materials.The aim of the thesis was to develop suggestions for improvement where a worker could perform the kitting process in less than 16 minutes. The interim objectives were to do a survey of the times and activities within the kitting process. The boundaries of the project was not to examine processes outside the kitting station. The project was designed according to DMAIC methodology, which is a project model for fact-based problem solving and clear structure. The methods used in the data collection were observation and analysis of video footage applying the software called AviX Method. Video recordings were categorized as different activities in the kitting process such as transport, picking, scanner time, pre-assembly and uncategorized time. Activities that were time consuming and did not add value to the process were identified. These data measures were the basis for the solution proposals.Based on these results and using brainstorming, solution proposals were generated together with the engineers and material handlers. The solution proposals that met the objective of the project of picking a 4-set of materials in 16 minutes were: Pick by voice, Pick-by-light, Ring Scanner and Relocation of one pre-assembly operation. Pick by voice is considered to be the most appropriate solution for the company since it reduces picking times, scanning times and is a flexible system. Two more proposed solutions were developed that did not meet the objective of the project, but are considered worth investigating further based on Lean Production and ergonomic reasons. These proposed solutions consisted of changing the picking route and the installation of a magnetic lift.
Kihlander, Lars B., and Kristian Hultman. "Produktstruktur Moheda skogsvagnar." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-799.
Full textFredriksson, Alexander, and Pontus Stadig. "Analys av produktionslinje vid Modexa AB : En tidsstudie på en lackeringslinje för att undersöka nyttjandegrad och förbättringsåtgärder." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299595.
Full textModexa AB manufactures doors to kitchen cabinets by measurements from the customer's kitchen. By manufacturing just the doors the kitchen can be renovated with the cabinet left and therefore reduce cost. The doors are manufactured in MDF and are first machined out to the measurements and then painted in the painting line. The painting line is 60 meters long and is operated by 5 operators. Today the painting line has problems with efficacy and faults in the doors after painting. This study focuses on finding the uralitization rate, finding bottlenecks and why problems occur. From this analysis of the production line suggestions of improvement was made with the support from the study. The analysis through a time study was done in six shifts to then calculate the efficiency of the work line and to see what measures can be taken to increase the efficiency. The time study shows the production on the line and all tasks that the operators must do, so the line will produce but which are not really included in their tasks. This proves that the line is not as efficient as it should be and that improvements need to be made. During the study at Modexa, notes were taken for what the operators did every five minutes, so that the study would give a good average of what tasks the operators do and other different tests such as how long it takes for a gap with a defect to go through the process or time it takes loading and unloading of hatches. These tests were performed to be able to make calculations on how much costs could be saved on making various changes in the team structure, work steps and whether to buy new machines. The study showed that the utilization rate on the production line is 48 percent and the number of gaps that get some type of error is 32%.
Magnusson, Martin. "Processmätning av kapsåg vid husfabrik : Fallstudie vid Svensk Husproduktion AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54036.
Full textLindqvist, Miriam, and Anna Wänerstedt. "Vart tog tiden vägen? : En kvantitativ studie om lärares arbetstid." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20288.
Full textProgram: Lärarutbildningen
Jonsson, Pelle, and Tobias Andersson. "Behov och förväntan : En analys av ett produktionskonsultföretag." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30703.
Full textBremberg, Sjögren Mikaela, and Ami Persson. "Process mapping and time study at a third-party logistics provider." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119945.
Full textGustavsson, Lovisa. "Läkemedelshantering och Patientsäkerhet - en mätning inför förändring av läkemedelshanteringen på en ortopedisk vårdavdelning." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167144.
Full textEmanuelsson, Linus, and Erik Folker. "Value stream mapping of the grinding process in the manufacturing of steel products." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143868.
Full textAndersson, Kim, and Ridder Henk de. "Förbättring av slangtillverkningen på BT : En produktionsteknisk studie." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11425.
Full textBT Products avdelning för slangtillverkning har i dagsläget problem med att klara av dagens produktionstakt. Målet med detta arbete är att identifiera och komma till rätta med dagens problem samt förbereda avdelningen inför en taktökning från dagens 50 000 till 60 000 truckar per år.
I arbetets första skede gjordes en beskrivning av nuläget. Detta genom att observera och aktivt delta i arbete på avdelningen, intervjua personal, samla in data och göra en tidsstudie. Med resultatet av tidsstudien och datainsamlingen gjordes en beräkning av hur mycket tid som behövs för att hinna med dagens produktionstakt. Beräkningen visade att drygt hälften av den tillgängliga tiden borde räcka för att klara denna och att maskinernas kapacitet gott och väl räcker till. De problem som identifierats som orsak till att produktionen ändå inte hinns med är främst dålig layout, ineffektiva arbetssätt, onödiga arbetsmoment samt planeringsproblem kopplat till eftersläpning i produktionen.
För att åtgärda dessa problem och förbereda slangavdelningen för en 60 000 takt har en rad förbättringsförslag arbetats fram. Ett förslag på en ny layout har gjorts för att uppnå ett bättre flöde i produktionen med mindre transporter och färre onödiga förflyttningar. Ett införande av standardiserat arbete bör göras för att säkerställa att alltid det mest effektiva arbetssättet används. Fler maskiner behöver inte införskaffas för att klara av produktionen, om de inte köps in i syfte att användas som säkerhetskapacitet, men en del hjälputrustning bör införskaffas för att underlätta och förbättra arbetet på avdelningen. Exempel på detta är en bättre slangvinda, streckkodläsare och monteringsutrustning.
The department for hydraulic hose manufacturing at BT Products has problems keeping up with today’s productionpase. The goal for this project is to identify and fix today’s problems and prepare the hosemanufacturing department for an increasment in productionpase from today’s 50 000 to 60 000 forklifts per year.
To begin with an analysis of the situation today was made, this by observing and participating in the daily work at the department, interviewing the personal, collecting data and performing a timestudy. The results of the timestudy combined with the collected data were used to calculate the time needed to cope with today’s productionpase. The calculation showed that a little more than half the available time should be enough to do this and that the capacity of the machines is by far more than needed. The problems identified causing the department falling behind is mainly bad layout, ineffective operation routines, unnecessary operations and planning problems due to delays in the production.
In order to fix these problems and prepare the hosemanufacturing department for the increased productionpase a series of suggestions for improvement has been developed. A suggestion for a new layout has been made in order to reach a better productionflow with less transports and unnecessary movements. An implementation of standardized operations should be made in order to be sure that the best operations routine always is used. Investments in new machines are not necessary to cope with the future productionpase unless they are bought in purpose to serve as safetycapacity. However investments in some smaller equipment are necessary to ease and improve the daily work at the department. Examples of equipment needed are a better hosereel, barcode reader and assemble equipment.
Berg, Jonathan, and Erik Broman. "Högskoleingenjörsutbildning i Industriell ekonomi." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23558.
Full textThis bachelor’s thesis has been carried out on Volvo Car's test track Hällered Proving Grounds. The thesis is based on studying a team's activities and identifying bottlenecks. From the results, the authors will provide feedback on improvement work for the team. The method of the study has been a direct analysis where the team's activities have been observed when carried out on site. As the team does not work with a traditional type of product flow, a combination of time study and value flow analysis has been developed with the help of the team leaders. The total observed time consisted of about 20 working days. Of the total observed time, approximately 25% consisted of value-added activities. About 28% of non-value-added but necessary activities caused by the HPG team. About 22% non-value-added activities caused by the HPG team. As well as about 24% non-value-added activities caused by sample commissioners. The time required for necessary but non-value-added activities by the sample client was almost immaterial. The most protruding bottleneck that was found in common between the HPG team and the test taker was the problems with the technical equipment. The conclusion of the thesis is that there are many areas for improvement to work with. The areas that provide the opportunity for clearest improvement are the preventive maintenance work required for the technical equipment not to act as a bottleneck in the flow.
Jedenheim, Linda, and Johanna Eriksson. "Försök till att lösa degraderingsproblem vid preparation av fotosystem I-subenheten PSI-N genom att använda proteasinhibitorer och olika sorters lysis." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3911.
Full textFotosyntesen kallas den process som omvandlar ljusenergi till kemisk energi. Fotosyntesen sker i tylakoidmembranet och drivs av två stora proteinkomplex, fotosystem II (PSII) och fotosystem I (PSI) då de tillförs energi i form av fotoner. PSI-N är ett mindre protein på ca 10 kDa som ingår i PSI. På något sätt, som ännu inte är klarlagt, samverkar PSI-N med PSI-F och plastocyanin när det dockar till PSI. Det är därför av viktigt att rena fram större mängder av PSI-N för att få djupare kunskaper om proteinet samt dess struktur och funktioner. Tidigare undersökningar har utförts i ämnet och ett fusionsprotein innehållande PSI-N har uttryckts i Escherichia coli (E.coli). Problem har dock uppstått efter lysis av cellerna då det har visat sig att fusionsproteinet har degraderats. Vårt examensarbete strävar efter att rena fram intakt fusionsprotein med hjälp av, framför allt, mekanisk lysis och proteasinhibitorer.
The process where light is converted into chemical energy is called photosyntesis. The reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane and is driven by two major protein complexes, photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) when energy in form of photons are received. PSI-N, a subunit in PSI, is a smaller protein with a mass of approximately 10 kDa. In some way, which is not yet clarified, PSI-N collaborates with PSI-F and plastocyanin when plastocyanin is docking to PSI. It is therefore important to purify larger amounts of the protein to acquire deeper knowledge of its structure and function. In earlier research the PSI-N protein has been expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli). The problem has been degradation of the fusion protein after lysis. Our goal with this project is to obtain the purified protein intact using mechanic lysis and protease inhibitors.
Kedbäck, Miranda, and Stellan Ekdahl. "Arbetsstandard, tidsunderlag och förbättringsarbete vid manuella arbetsstationer." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12656.
Full textBrodit AB i Karlsborg är ett företag som tillverkar hållare för teknisk kommunikationsutrustning för montage i framförallt fordon. Den manuella tillverkningen av apparatdelen där bockning och montering sker saknade standardiserat arbetssätt, tidsunderlag, bemanningsunderlag och metod för förbättringsarbete. Syftet med examensarbetet var att ta fram ett underlag för standardiserat arbetssätt, ta fram ett tids- och bemanningsunderlag samt ta fram en metod för fortsatt förbättringsarbete. För att uppnå dessa syften skulle ett antal delmål uppnås, vilka var att erhålla en nulägesanalys genom observationer och tidsstudier, erhålla standardtider för arbetsmoment, dela upp arbetsmoment i värdeskapande-, icke värdeskapande- och nödvändigt icke värdeskapande arbete, utarbeta ett förslag till en förbättrad standard samt utarbeta en metod för fortsatt förbättringsarbete. För att underbygga metodval och slutsatser har ett antal produktionstekniska områden studerats. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen utformades ett antal metoder för den empiriska studien. Studien har bestått av observationer enligt genchi genbutsu, gruppering av arbetsmoment, tidsstudier i form av klockstudier och SAM-analys, beräkning av standardtider, uppdelning av värdeskapande-, icke värdeskapande- och nödvändigt icke värdeskapande arbete, SMED-analys och spaghettidiagram. Resultatet av den empiriska studien blev ett tidsunderlag med beräknade standardtider för respektive arbetsmoment, där varje arbetsmoment bedömdes vara värdeskapande, icke värdeskapande eller nödvändigt icke värdeskapande. Utifrån detta kan ett bemanningsunderlag sammanställas. Sammanslagna standardtider och SAM-analysen resulterade i en cykeltid som var betydligt kortare än den som uppmättes i aktuell produktion. Även omställningstiderna var långa och framförallt oregelbundna med flertalet onödiga arbetsmoment. Resultatet av spaghettidiagrammen visar också på onödiga förflyttningar. Slutsatsen av detta är att det förekommer icke värdeskapande arbetsmoment i processen, att arbetet utförs på olika sätt vilket medför slöserier i processen samt att arbetet vid inte utförs i 100 % arbetstakt. Med ett standardiserat arbetssätt och eliminerade icke värdeskapande arbetsmoment skulle produktionen vid monteringsstationerna kunna ökas med 60 %, alternativt reducera bemanningen med två årsanställda. Om de framtagna förbättringsförslagen införs kommer cykeltiden vid bockningsstationerna att kunna minskas med över 50 % och den totala omställningstiden kommer att kunna minskas med minst 57 %. En metod för fortsatt förbättringsarbete har tagits fram som bygger på en PDCA-cykel. Med förbättrade förutsättningar i produktionen och ett standardiserat arbetssätt reduceras omställningstider och cykeltider och en kultur för ständiga förbättringar möjliggörs.
Norman, Jennie, and Frida Magnusson. "Sjuksköterskans arbetstidsfördelning och arbetssituation på en hjärtavdelning. Vart tar tiden vägen? En observationsstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14314.
Full textAim: To describe the work situation and the distribution of working hours for the nurse at a cardiac department. Method: A structured observational study of descriptive design with a quantitative approach. 14 nurses were observed during 18 sessions. An activity schedule with categories was set up to collect data and then analyzed by a quantitative method. Main result: The nurse spent a considerable amount of time in direct contact with the patients. The second most time consuming activity was administration. The time spent on ”non-nursing duties” was insignificant. The distribution of working hours followed a similar pattern during the morning shift and the evening shift. More time was spent on reporting and handling medicines but significantly less doing rounds during the evening shift compared with the morning shift. The nurse was interrupted every 12 minutes during the morning shift and every 9 minutes during the evening shift. When having break disturbances occurred in 5 of 18 observations. In 15 of the 18 observations, the nurse was able to take her/his planned breaks. 10 of 18 observations meant work after scheduled time and in 5 of 18 observations the nurse was able to finish before scheduled time. Conclusion: The nurse in the cardiac department spends a considerable amount of time in direct contact with the patients, but almost none in ”non-nursing duties”. Though, there are routines, which should be improved. Routines to consider are the rounds during the evening shift, when almost insignificant time was spent, and the high number of interruptions affecting the nurse´s work situation.
Jönsson, Simon, and Albert Olsson. "Uppföljning av skuthantering i Aitik." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61049.
Full textThis thesis is about following up the handing of boulders and its economic impact. Aitik is an open-pit mine located near Gällivare in Norrbotten. According to Aitik, a boulder is a rough stone that is larger than 1 m3, and they are a recurrent problem because boulders cause a disturbance in the production flow. A total of three field studies were done which focused on loading, boulder breaking and crushing. The goal was to investigate if it was going to be profitable to let Aitik´s entrepreneur handle boulders using a hydraulic breaker, thus comparing the invoice from Aitik´s entrepreneur compared to handling the boulders as waste rock, which entails a landfill loss of the copper value. The handling of boulders can occur in two different ways, handling at stockpile or handling at burst. These two methods are compared with each other to see which one is the most profitable. Beyond this it was also examined on how much of an impact boulders have in the crushing section when they cause a stop, and thereafter compare these stops against the reported stoppage from the operators which is done in Aitiks Sogetisystem. The study illustrates that it is not profitable to let Aitik´s entrepreneur handle boulders at the copper content 0,06 %. Copper concentrations around 0,1 % should be further analyzed whether it is profitable or not. At 0,2 % and above it is profitable to let Aitik´s entrepreneur handle the boulders. Handling boulders at stockpile is the most profitable method as long as the fuel cost is below 10 SEK per liters. Boulders have a large negative impact on the production efficiency in the crushing section. In two shifts there were a total of 86 minutes stop in the crusher caused by boulders, this corresponds to about 400 000 SEK in production loss at a production efficiency of 4041 tons per hour, which was the actual efficiency during one of the shifts. Differences occurred among the documented stop causes and the stop causes made by the operators in Sogeti. For further studies, a regard should be made occurring costs of truck wear due to boulder handling as this may affect the results. Also perform more field studies in order to get a more reliable result.
Gerdin, Emma, and Dahlberg Emelie Holmbom. "Outside the box - Inside care : En deskriptiv studie om effektivitet i vården." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24617.
Full textStudien grundar sig i en förändrad syn på hur sjukvården i Sverige ska styras och organiseras. Det finns en omtalad administrationsproblematik inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård vilket tycks vara ett hinder för att kunna utnyttja resurserna till fullo. Den senaste satsningen inom hälso- och sjukvård är patientinvolvering, där patienterna blir samproducenter av sin egen vård, vilken syftar både förbättra och effektivisera sjukvården. Ett fåtal vårdavdelningar i Sverige har implementerat detta nya arbetssätt varpå studien ämnar diskutera hur effektiviteten ser ut på några av dessa Studien är avgränsad till tre vårdavdelningar, varav två slutenvårdsavdelningar och en öppenvårdsavdelning, inom medicinkliniken i Jönköpings Läns Landsting, vilka implementerat arbetssättet med patientinvolvering i deras dagliga arbete. Metoden för studien är av kvalitativ karaktär där både en tidsstudie över personalens arbetstidfördelning genomförts samt kompletterande intervjuer med ansvariga sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelningarna. En tematisk analys genomfördes sedan för att analysera genererade data vilket kopplas och hämtar stöd från den teoretiska referensramen. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teorier gällande möjligheter till och bedömning av effektivitet samt teorier om vad som skapar kvalitet och värde inom tjänsteorganisationer för att kunna bedöma den yttre effektiviteten. Resultatet visar att samtliga undersökta avdelningar har en relativt hög effektivitetspotential och att utnyttjandet av resurserna på avdelningarna är godtagbart. Det konstateras att viss effektivisering är möjlig både utifrån ett inre- och yttre effektivitetsperspektiv. Läkarna visar sig spendera minst tid med patienterna medan sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor spenderar mer tid med patienterna vilket kopplas samman med deras möjligheter till kunskap om vad som upplevs vara värde för patienten. Samtliga avdelningar arbetar med patientinvolvering på ett sätt som syftar ökar patientens kunskap om sin egen vård, samt personalens kunskap om patientens önskemål, vilket bidrar till en yttre effektivitet. Till sist konstateras att patientinvolvering som arbetssätt inte direkt leder till en hög yttre effektivitet. Mycket av den patientinvolvering som sker har målet att skapa värde för patienten, vilket det kan göra. Forskarna menar dock att det snarare är interaktionen med patienten som ger kunskap om vad som skapar värde, vilket tyder på att tiden som spenderas med patienten är viktig.
Olsson, Jonas. "Tidsdriven ABC-kalkylering inom tredjepartslogistik : Tillämpningar för att driva produktivitet hos PostNord Logistics TPL i Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142929.
Full textPostNord Logistics TPL AB (PostNord) is one of the largest third-party logistics providers in the Nordics. At the tire warehouse in Norrköping, PostNord performs logistics activities within inbound, storage, production and outbound for several retailers/distributors. Labor is by far the largest cost and hence the management focuses on productivity, for example by efficiency and improving precision in workforce management. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop a cost model based on Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) for the warehouse operations, which can be applied to support PostNord’s efforts to drive productivity. TDABC is a methodology to estimate the consumption of resources such as personnel and equipment caused by different transactions, products or customers. By modelling activities in time equations which are based on time estimates it is possible to show what impacts time consumption (man-hours required). Time equations for the three activities assembly, receiving and putaway were developed. The approach included verifying and processing data, regression analyses, time studies, interviews, observations and finalization and validation of the cost models in Excel. The finalized models proved to be reasonable and to offer promising precision day-to-day. Next, four user interfaces were developed; what-if analyses for assembly, receiving and putaway as well as staff scheduling for assembly. Via usability tests inspired by the think-aloud method it was shown that the applications were usable and expected to support the efforts to drive productivity by efficiency and precision in staffing. In the literature, there is an articulated need for further studies of the TDABC methodology, including the design process for TDABC and specifically the development of time estimates for the time equations. This study contributes to the methodology in the following four ways. 1) An overall method (process) for TDABC which future studies may utilize. 2) Learnings about specific aspects of the overall method regarding interviews, verifying and processing data, as well as the use of regression analysis and time study. 3) Examples of characteristics of the finalized cost models and implications of them. 4) Guidance regarding important choices for the modelling of time equations and implications of them.
Sundqvist, Filip, and Simon Petersson. "Processtiders påverkan på kalkyleringsresultatet." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12848.
Full textRapportens syfte var att undersöka hur ett företags förkalkyler överensstämmer med denuppmätta efterkalkylen. Det är av vikt för företag då produkterna inte ska säljas till för lågaeller för höga priser. Det ledde till att studien riktades in på att hitta om det fanns någradrivande faktorer, samt om det fanns något samband mellan faktorerna som skulle kunnapåverka processtiden vid varje operation. Genom att använda de tidsdrivande faktorerna kandet leda till ökad säkerhet vid upprättning av förkalkyler.Resultatet av studien visar att företaget som studien berör har en bra uppfattning av hur långtid varje produkt tar att producera. Dock visade tidsstudien att företagets processer skiljer sigtidsmässigt beroende på vilken operatör som använder maskinen. Det påverkar företagetssjälvkostnad på ett negativt sätt, då det blir variation i tidsåtgången för processer. Det finnsdock processer som både är överskattade och underskattade vilket leder till att resultatetöverensstämmer för några produkter vid jämförelse av för- och efterkalkylen. För att minskavariationer tidsmässigt i processerna, kan standardisering av processhastigheter ocharbetsmoment var ett sätt att minska skillnader i för- och efterkalkyler.I resultatet visas även två diagram över hur sambandet mellan tid och valsning respektivebredd vilket gav en linjär regressionslinje. Regressionslinjen kan sedan användas för attförbättra företagets förkalkyler.
Ljung, Patrik, and Robin Marpurg. "Packing Operation Efficiency at DSV Solutions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138682.
Full textEriksson, Hampus, and Fang Chen. "Omkonstruktion av komponenter i en desinfektionsdiskmaskin med syfte att reducera monteringstiden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46122.
Full textEdler, Fabian, and Karl Frerdrikson. "Produktionsoptimering : Identifiering av flaskhalsar och förbättringsförslagi en industri med hög produktvariation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414483.
Full textIn a configurable production with high product variability the conditions and character of the production change when different products are manufactured. However, high product variation presents some challenges. Shifting bottlenecks are for example one common problem. In addition, when it comes to capital intensive production with expensive machines it is important that disruptions and stops are minimized to not lose revenue. The purpose of this report is to map the production, identify its bottlenecks and based on this information suggest improvements. The report is based on a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative part consist of data from the company and time studies. This part is used to base suggestion and decisions on facts. The qualitative part consist of interviews, conversations and observations. The qualitative part is used to get an overview of production problems as well as previously implemented changes and based on this provide ideas for improvement. The results showed that two different bottlenecks in the production exist, the saw line and the stacking line. These shifts depending on what is manufactured and affects buffers in the production. The stacking-line is estimated to be the largest bottleneck based on the fact that it requires the longest total production time over a specific period. A number of improvement suggestions have been proposed, for example, sequencing of orders and standardized workflow.
Fransson, Mattias, and Mattias Jamtlien. "Slöseri i produktionsflödet: Analys av en platsgjuten betongvägg." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79152.
Full textHigh construction costs and considerable housing shortages in Sweden show that a more efficient housing construction is required. A reduction of waste in the construction process contributes to the efficiency of both time and cost. In order to increase the understanding of the importance of efficiency, this study reveals waste in the production flow of a cast in-situ concrete wall in a housing project. The study also shows where in the production flow there are improvement opportunities. The waste was made visible through a time study which showed great potential for improvement in the housing project resource flow, material flow and information flow. There are many indications that these shortcomings in the production flow are due to a too short construction time, which means that a good planning is not always carried out.
Abrahamsson, Emilie. "Relationen mellan kalkyleringsmetoder, Lean och produktionsflöden av kundanpassad karaktär : Hur kostnadsprecisionen i förkalkyleringen i denna typ av produktion kan ökas samt vilken kalkyleringsmetod som passar bäst." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20442.
Full textSince the manufacturing industry is heading for a higher level of customization and implementation of Lean, at the same time as outmoded traditional costing methods is still used in modern industrial organizations, it is interesting to explore the relations between production flows of customized character, Lean and different costing methods. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the cost precision in the preliminary calculation for a product flow of customer adapted and Lean character, and to describe a generalizable work process for this. The purpose is also to develop general recommendations regarding the choice of costing methods by, on a basis of the character of this production, a comparative analysis of costing methods (traditional costing methods, ABC and Lean accounting/VSC). Through a literature study and a case study of a production flow with a high level of variety and influence from Lean, both of the purposes has been fulfilled. The case study has been accomplished through interviews and observations. Problems and positive elements that according to literature characterize the production of customized products have also been found in the case company. That connection has been used to support the analysis of the relations. The relations between costing methods, Lean and production flows of customized character has been analyzed through a comparison between findings in literature and results from the case study. It has been found that Value Stream Costing (VSC) is the most appropriate costing method for production flows of customized products that has reached a high maturity level of Lean. The preliminary costing is dependent on reliable operation times which have been produced on the case study company, while a general work process has been developed. The operation times were in this case identified through video recordings of the production moments and a following analysis in the software AviX. By following the general work process that has been developed, useful material for preliminary costing and continuous improvements in the production flow will be obtained. Since research is showing that Lean should be implemented in the whole organization if full advantages of Lean shall be obtained, VSC is found to be an ideal costing method to replace outmoded, traditional costing methods at the same time as this costing method simplifies costing in production flows of customized character.
Andersson, Daniel, and David Andersson. "Produktionseffektivisering med hjälp av flödessimulering och förbättringsarbete." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16591.
Full textAB Furhoffs Rostfria är ett bolag som är baserade i Skövde. De är specialister inom tillverkning av produkter i rostfritt stål, såsom rörprodukter, golvbrunnar och diskbänkar. Förutom tillverkning av egna produkter har företaget en legotillverkning för att tillverka andra företags produkter. Avdelningen där detta examensarbete har genomförts är en legoproduktion av radarkonor och examensarbetet har endast behandlat produktionen av de mest producerad radarkonorna. Processen består av sju tillverkningssteg och tre ytterligare steg för en av detaljerna. Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa en simuleringsmodell som visar hur potentiella förbättringsförslag kan möta den förväntade orderökningen av radarkonorna genom att effektivisera det nuvarande produktionsflödet. För att uppnå detta har en simuleringsmodell skapats där förbättringsförslagen har implementerats. De förbättringsförslag som har utarbetats bygger på data som har samlats in genom produktionstekniska metoder. Den teoretiska referensramen beskriver den teori som utgör grunden för de valda metoderna. Dessutom har områden inom diskret händelsesimulering, lean produktion och förbättringsarbete studerats från andra arbeten i litteraturstudien. Dessa områden kan på något sätt relatera till arbetet och slutsatserna i detta projekt. Den empiriska studien genomfördes genom att använda observationer enligt genchi genbutsu, konversationer och intervjuer med operatörer, spagettidiagram av operatörerna och produktflödet samt tidsstudier enligt den kontinuerliga metoden. Dessa metoder har utgjort grunden för både skapandet av simuleringsmodellen, där den nuvarande situationen återspeglas, och utvecklingen av den framtida simuleringsmodellen. Den framtida simuleringsmodellen visar implementeringen av förbättringsförslagen som ökar effektiviteten och produktionsvolymen i hela systemet. Den empiriska studien resulterade i en visuell översikt över produktionsflödet, standardtider, identifiering av slöseri samt förbättringsförslag. När samtliga förbättringsförslag implementerades i simuleringsmodellen ökade genomströmningen av produkter per timma med 26,6% och ledtiden reducerades med 21,1%. Med dessa förbättringar kan företaget öka sin produktion och vinst avsevärt.