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Journal articles on the topic 'TiFe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Faisal, Mohammad, June-Hyung Kim, Young Whan Cho, Jae-il Jang, Jin-Yoo Suh, Jae-Hyeok Shim, and Young-Su Lee. "Design of V-Substituted TiFe-Based Alloy for Target Pressure Range and Easy Activation." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174829.

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Titanium iron (TiFe) alloy is a room-temperature hydrogen-storage material, and it absorbs hydrogen via a two-step process to form TiFeH and then TiFeH2. The effect of V addition in TiFe alloy was recently elucidated. The V substitution for Ti sublattice lowers P2/P1 ratio, where P1 and P2 are the equilibrium plateau pressure for TiFe/TiFeH and TiFeH/TiFeH2, respectively, and thus restricts the two-step hydrogenation within a narrow pressure range. The focus of the present investigation was to optimize the V content such that maximum usable storage capacity can be achieved for the target pressure range: 1 MPa for absorption and 0.1 MPa for desorption. The effect of V substitution at selective Ti or Fe sublattices was closely analyzed, and the alloy composition Ti46Fe47.5V6.5 displayed the best performance with ca. 1.5 wt.% of usable capacity within the target pressure range. At the same time, another issue in TiFe-based alloys, which is a difficulty in activation at room temperature, was solved by Ce addition. It was shown that 3 wt.% Ce dispersion in TiFe alloy imparted to it easy room-temperature (RT) activation properties.

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2

Wang, Min, J. W. Dai, Hong Zhen Guo, and C. X. Ma. "Fracture Analysis of Superplastic Diffusion Bonding Joints between Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1011.

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The microstructure and characteristic of fracture between TC4 titanium alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel bonding joints were analyzed concretely in this paper. For direct SP/DB of TC4/1Cr18Ni9Ti, the diffusion layer joint was composed of some new phases such as β-Ti, TiFe2, TiFe, σ-FeCr and α-Fe, and the shear strength could be ensured when the thickness of TiFe/TiFe2 brittle phases was controlled within 3~5μm. In SP/DB of TC4/1Cr18Ni9Ti, the joint status of microzone in interface was asymmetric and exhibited different fractograph. The bonding area of fracture could be divided into three zones: similar original interface zone, metallurgical bonding zone and quasi-metallurgical bonding zone. The interface deficiencies were constitutive of mechanical bonding area, cavity and impurity.

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3

Korzhyk, Volodymyr, Vladyslav Khaskin, Andrii Grynyuk, Oleg Ganushchak, Sviatoslav Peleshenko, Oksana Konoreva, Oleksii Demianov, Volodymyr Shcheretskiy, and Nataliia Fialko. "Comparing features in metallurgical interaction when applying different techniques of arc and plasma surfacing of steel wire on titanium." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 12(112) (August 26, 2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238634.

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This paper reports a study into the regularities of interphase interaction, features in the formation of intermetallic phases (IMPs), and defects when surfacing steel on titanium in four ways: P-MAG, CMT, plasma surfacing by an indirect arc with conductive wire, and PAW. A general tendency has been established in the IMP occurrence when surfacing steel on titanium by all the considered methods. It was determined that the plasma surfacing technique involving an indirect arc with conductive wire is less critical as regards the IMP formation. That makes it possible to obtain an intermetallic layer of the minimum thickness (25...54 μm) in combination with the best quality in the formation of surfaced metal beads. Further minimization of the size of this layer is complicated by a critical decrease in the heat input into the metal, which gives rise to the capability of the surfaced metal to be collected in separate droplets. The formation of TiFe2, TiFe, and the α-Fe phase enriched with titanium in different percentage compositions has been observed in the transition zone of steel surfacing on titanium under different techniques and modes of surfacing. The study has shown the possibility of formation, in addition to the phases of TiFe2 and TiFe, the Ti2Fe phase at low heat input. The technique of plasma surfacing by an indirect arc with conductive wire minimizes the thermal effect on the base metal. When it is used at the border of the transition of the layer of steel surfaced on titanium, the phase composition and structure of the layers in some cases approach the composition and structure of the transition zone of the original bimetallic sheet "titanium-steel" manufactured by rolling. A layer up to 5 μm thick is formed from the β phase with an iron concentration of 44.65 % by weight and an intermetallic layer up to 0.2...0.4 μm thick, close in composition to the TiFe phase. The next step in minimizing the IMP formation might involve the introduction of a barrier layer between titanium and steel.

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4

Wierzba, Bartek, Wojciech J. Nowak, and Daria Serafin. "The Interface Reaction between Titanium and Iron-Nickel alloys." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 7 (July 26, 2018): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2017-0035.

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AbstractThe reaction zones between pure titanium and iron-nickel and pure nickel at 1173 K have been characterized. Two alloys with different initial composition were analyzed. When Ni80Fe20 is used the layer sequence at the reaction interface is: Ni80Fe20 → Ni3Ti → NiTi → NiTi2 →Ti, while for Ni48Fe52 the sequence is: Ni48Fe52 → Ni3Ti → TiFe2 → TiFe → NiTi2 → Ti. The difference is in formation of NiTi, TiFe2 and TiFe phases. The reaction zone remains very thin independently of time due to the fast dissolution rate of Ti in the alloy. The two different elementary chemical interaction processes have been identified in this article, namely the growth of the reaction layers by solid state diffusion and chemical conversion of the compounds by reaction-diffusion in the solid state. The mathematical description combining these processes is presented for description of the diffusion path generated during diffusion process.

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5

Patel, Abhishek Kumar, Alexandre Duguay, Bernard Tougas, Bettina Neumann, Chris Schade, Pratibha Sharma, and Jacques Huot. "Study of the Microstructural and First Hydrogenation Properties of TiFe Alloy with Zr, Mn and V as Additives." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071217.

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In this paper, we report the effect of adding Zr + V or Zr + V + Mn to TiFe alloy on microstructure and hydrogen storage properties. The addition of only V was not enough to produce a minimum amount of secondary phase and, therefore, the first hydrogenation at room temperature under a hydrogen pressure of 20 bars was impossible. When 2 wt.% Zr + 2 wt.% V or 2 wt.% Zr + 2 wt.% V + 2 wt.% Mn is added to TiFe, the alloy shows a finely distributed Ti2Fe-like secondary phase. These alloys presented a fast first hydrogenation and a high capacity. The rate-limiting step was found to be 3D growth, diffusion controlled with decreasing interface velocity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the fast reaction is likely to be the presence of Ti2Fe-like secondary phases that act as a gateway for hydrogen.

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6

Yu, Zhibin, Xinzhao Chu, Xian Lu, and Cao Chen. "Dynamic Drivers of TIFe Diurnal Cycle in Antarctica." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023704002.

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The discovery of the thermosphere-ionosphere Fe (TIFe) layers has opened a door to exploring the least understood thermosphere and ionosphere region between 100 and 200 km with ground-based lidar instruments. The characteristics of the polar TIFe layers, and the impacts of the atmosphere neutral dynamics, electrodynamics, and metallic chemistry on the formation of TIFe layers deserve further investigation, especially the diurnal cycles of TIFe layers observed by lidar. This paper aims at investigating the major driving forces with 1-D Thermosphere-Ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model. A main question to answer is whether neutral dynamics like tidal winds or electrodynamics like the convection electric fields and currents in the magnetosphere and ionosphere are responsible for the diurnal cycle of TIFe layers.

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7

Watanabe, Meiji, Kazuhiro Taki, Masanori Yamaguchi, and Yosuke Inoue. "Effect of Microstructure of Surface Layer in Steel Vessel Used for Sponge Titanium Manufacturing on Fe Elution." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032107005.

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To make clear factors affecting Fe elution into molten Mg during sponge titanium production process and reasons why Fe elution from the steel vessel in the first use is high while it considerably reduces in the second use in the actual mill, immersion experiments into molten Mg at 950ºC were conducted using specially designed specimens simulating the first and the second uses of the vessel, and microstructure change of the steel during the use was investigated in detail. TiFe, TiFe2 and Ti-diffused steel layers formed on the surface of the steel specimen after the treatment similar to the first use of the vessel. The outermost portion of Ti-diffused steel contained 3mass% Ti, which should have transferred to the α phase at this temperature. Fe elution from TiFe and TiFe2 was almost zero, while Fe elution from Fe-3mass%Ti was 1/4 of that from the unused steel. By taking the information on the phases appeared on the surface of the actual vessel into account, Fe elution from the vessel at the second use was estimated as 1/16 of that at the first use, which is well consistent with the value in the actual production mill.

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8

Razafindramanana, Volatiana, Stéphane Gorsse, Jacques Huot, and Jean Louis Bobet. "Effect of Hafnium Addition on the Hydrogenation Process of TiFe Alloy." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183477.

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The alloy TiFe has interesting hydrogen storage properties for practical applications: low cost, operation at room temperature, and good hydrogen capacity. However, the first hydrogenation is difficult and increases the cost of the alloy. In this work, we studied the effect of adding hafnium to TiFe in order to enhance the first hydrogenation process. TiFe + x Hf alloys, with x = 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wt.%, were synthesized by arc melting. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. These alloys consisted of B2-TiFe, C14-Laves, and BCC (Body Centered Cubic) phases. A minimum of 8 wt.% of hafnium is required to obtain an enhancement of the first hydrogenation. In the first hydrogenation, the material reaches its maximal hydrogen capacity in less than two hours at room temperature and under 20 bars of hydrogen. Hafnium addition also had the effect of lowering the plateau pressure in the pressure-composition isotherm. It could be concluded that hafnium has a positive effect on the activation properties of TiFe.

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9

Choe, Hye-Jeong, Jong Won, Yong-Taek Hyun, Ka Lim, and Seog-Young Yoon. "TiFe Precipitation Behavior and its Effect on Strengthening in Solution Heat-Treated Ti-5Al-3.5Fe During Isothermal Aging." Metals 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110875.

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We investigated the TiFe precipitation behavior of solution heat-treated Ti-5Al-3.5Fe during isothermal aging, quantified the effect of precipitation on strengthening by evaluating the hardness, and compared it to the effect of Ti3Al precipitation in Ti-6Al-4V. TiFe precipitates formed both at grain boundaries (GBs) and within the grain matrices. Phase transformation from the β to α phase also occurred during isothermal aging; this transformation generated lamellar interphase boundaries between the transformed α phase and remaining β phase in prior β grains. These interphase boundaries enabled the formation of in-grain TiFe precipitates by acting as a nucleation site. GB precipitation did not require prior β → α phase transformation to generate nucleation sites (i.e., interphase boundaries), so TiFe precipitation could occur immediately upon isothermal aging. Thus, GB precipitation proceeded more quickly than in-grain precipitation; as a result, precipitates were larger and more spherical at the GBs than in grains. The strengthening behavior exhibited by TiFe precipitation differed obviously from that caused by Ti3Al precipitation in Ti-6Al-4V because of its differing precipitation kinetics and related microstructural evolution.

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10

Dematteis, Erika M., Nicola Berti, Fermin Cuevas, Michel Latroche, and Marcello Baricco. "Substitutional effects in TiFe for hydrogen storage: a comprehensive review." Materials Advances 2, no. 8 (2021): 2524–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00101a.

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TiFe-based alloys are key materials for large-scale applications based on solid-state hydrogen storage. A comprehensive overview is here provided on chemical substitutions in TiFe for tuning at will their reversible hydrogen storage properties.

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11

Gosselin, Catherine, and Jacques Huot. "First Hydrogenation Enhancement in TiFe Alloys for Hydrogen Storage Doped with Yttrium." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020242.

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The aim of this investigation was to improve the first hydrogenation of TiFe by adding yttrium. The compositions studied were TiFe + x wt.% Y with x = 4, 6, and 8. From electron microscopy it was found that all alloys were multiphase with a matrix of TiFe phase containing less than 0.4 at.% of Y and a secondary phase rich in yttrium. When x increased, the chemical compositions of the matrix changed and the secondary phase changed. The sample with 8% of yttrium had the fastest kinetics. The hydrogen capacity increased with the amount of Y.

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12

Gosselin, Catherine, Jacques Huot, and Roxana Flacau. "Study of hydrogen storage of the TiFe alloy by neutron powderdiffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082321.

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Metal hydrides are interesting materials from a fundamental as well as practical point of view. Hydrogen storage applications have been the main driving force of research on these materials but lately, uses such as thermal storage are considered. In this presentation, we will review the use of neutron diffraction for the development of new metal hydrides. A good candidate for hydrogen storage applications is the low cost intermetallic compound TiFe which operates near room temperature (RT) under mild pressure conditions. However, the biggest disadvantage of TiFe alloy synthesized by conventional metallurgical method is it poor activation characteristics [1]. The alloy reacts with hydrogen only after complicated activation procedure involving exposure to high temperature (~4000C) and high pressure for several days. In the '90, some researches showed that the change in the nanocristallinity can modify the sorption property of the TiFe[2]. Other research works found that palladium increase the contaminant resistance. However, addition of palladium is too expansive for practical applications [3]. Recently, we found that, when doping TiFe with Zr and Zr7Ni10, the activation could be easily done at room temperature. We present here a neutron diffraction study of these compounds that shows the structural difference between the activated compound and the one cycled under hydrogen.

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13

Shi, Rui Meng, Long Fei Bao, and Bo Zhang. "Effect of Temperature on the Ti-Fe Alloy Prepared by Molten Salt Electrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1189.

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Ti-Fe alloy was prepared by electroanalysis using titanium concentrate as the cathode at 3.1V in CaCl2 molten salt. The temperature is respectively 850°C and 900°C. The comparison of the results under different temperature shows that the temperature has a significant influence on the diffusion process and the electrolytic products. At 850 °C, the final electrolytic product is the TiFe2 and Ti discrete ball-type structure with the particle size of 1 μm, while at 900 °C the final product is the TiFe space net structure with the particle size of 3 μm.

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14

Shi, Rui Meng, Long Fei Bao, and Bo Zhang. "Preparation of Ti-Fe Alloy from Titanium Concentrate by Electro-Deoxidization in CaCl₂." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1195.

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Ti-Fe alloy is prepared by the electrolytic reduction of titanium concentrate in molten CaCl2 under argon atmosphere. The formation mechanism of Ti-Fe alloy is discussed. The impact of electrolytic time on product is studied when electrolytic voltage is 3.1V and electrolytic temperature is 900°C. Results show that Ti-Fe alloy with uniform composition can be obtained by this method. The deoxidize product is iron and TiFe alloy by order. The reduction of Ti is a multi-step process and the intermediate products include CaTiO3,TiO2, Ti2O3, TiO,Fe, TiFe2.

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15

Shi, R., C. Bai, M. Hu, X. Liu, and J. Du. "Experimental investigation on the formation mechanism of the TiFe alloy by the molten-salt electrolytic titanium concentrate." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 47, no. 2 (2011): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb101012002s.

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The ferrotitanium alloy was prepared in the molten CaCl2 system, in which resolidified ilmenite and the graphite crucible were used as cathode and anode. In this study, the electrolytic voltage was fixed at 3.1V, and three different temperatures were applied: 850oC, 875oC and 900?C. Finally, the product was examined by SEM and XRD to determine the phase transformation after the electrolysis. The results show that the ilmenite was firstly reduced to Fe, and finally the TiFe alloy was formed. The intermediate products include CaTiO3, TiO2, Ti2O3, TiO, Fe, TiFe2, and Ti. Different product and structure can be obtained by changing temperature. According to thermodynamic calculation, the principal electroreduction products are Ti and TiFe2 and then Ti and TiFe2 are formed by interdiffusion which is governed by temperature.

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16

Neto, Ricardo Mendes Leal, Rafael de Araújo Silva, Ricardo Floriano, Graziele Cristina Seco Coutinho, Railson Bolsoni Falcão, Daniel Rodrigo Leiva, and Walter José Botta Filho. "Synthesis by High-Energy Ball Milling of MgH₂-TiFe Composites for Hydrogen Storage." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.13.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of some processes variables on the microstructure and hydrogen absorption kinetics of MgH2 - X wt.% TiFe composites. Samples were synthesized by high-energy ball milling in a planetary (X = 40, 50, 60) and shaker mill (X = 40) under high-purity argon atmosphere. Commercial MgH2 instead of Mg powder was used in order to reduce adherence on the vial and balls. TiFe powder was previously produced by ball milling a mixture of TiH2 and Fe powders followed by a reaction synthesis at 600oC. Milled composites samples were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. Milling time was preliminary investigated (X = 40) in the planetary ball mill (6 to 36h). TiFe particle size reduction was shown to be difficult since they are surrounded by MgH2 matrix. Strong particle reduction was obtained by using a shaker mill only for 2 hours and adding cyclohexane as process control agent. No reaction between MgH2 and TiFe compound was observed in any milled sample. Hydrogen absorption kinetics measurements of the as-milled samples were conducted on an Sieverts' type apparatus at room temperature after hydrogen desorption at 350oC under vacuum. The best hydrogen kinetics (3 wt% at the first hour) was attained by the planetary milled sample (36 h). Higher hydrogen capacity was observed for the sample milled in the shaker mill (4.0 wt.%), but only after 13h.

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17

Yoon, Jong Won, E. H. Kim, Hi Won Jeong, Yong Taek Hyun, Seung Eon Kim, and Yont Tai Lee. "Effect of Si Content on the Creep Properties of Ti-6Al-4Fe-xSi Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1141.

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Effect of silicon content on the creep properties of Ti-6Al-4Fe-xSi was studied. Creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4Fe-xSi alloys was superior to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Ti-6Al-4Fe-0.5Si alloy exhibited the highest rupture strength and creep resistance among the Ti-6Al-4Fe-xSi alloys investigated. The minimum creep rate of the alloys decreased with increasing silicon content up to 0.5wt.% and then it increased again when the silicon content was higher than 0.5wt.%. TiFe precipitates were formed mainly at the β phase area of Ti-6Al-4Fe-xSi alloys by consuming titanium and iron in β phase, when the alloys were thermally exposed at 500 and 600°C during the creep test. During the creep test, microvoids were induced at the TiFe/α phase interfaces and the cracks were formed along the TiFe/α phase interfaces by the coalescence of the voids. Those cracks were finally connected each other through the α phase.

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18

Davids, M. W., M. Lototskyy, and B. G. Pollet. "Manufacturing of Hydride-Forming Alloys from Mixed Titanium-Iron Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.14.

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Synthesis of TiFebased metal hydride-forming alloy from mixed titanium iron oxide (ilmenite, FeTiO3) was carried out by a two-stage reduction of the latter using H2and CaH2as reducing agents. The reversible hydrogen absorption capacity of the TiFe based material was about 0.5 wt. % H, that is significantly lower than the corresponding values (~1.8 wt. % H) reported in the literature. The main reason for that was in too high amount of oxygen present in theas-prepared TiFe alloy. Thus in order to improve the hydrogen absorption of the raw TiFe, the material was further alloyed together with Zr, Cr, Mn, Ni and Cu to yield an AB2alloy. For theas-prepared AB2alloy, the reversible hydrogen sorption capacity was about 1.3 wt. % H atP= 40 bar and >1.8 wt. % atP= 150 bar, which is acceptable for stationary applications. Finally, the material was found to be superior when compared to known AB2-type alloys, with regard to their activation and poisoning tolerance.

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19

Muslov, Sergey A., Anton A. Pivovarov, Sergey S. Pertsov, Natalya V. Zaytseva, and Sergey D. Arutyunov. "Parameters of Mechanical Properties and Resistance of Intermetallic Compounds to Martensite Transformations." Key Engineering Materials 839 (April 2020): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.839.166.

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The paper analyzes Poisson’s ratios μ0=μ100,001=-s12/s11 and elastic anisotropy factor A'=s/s11 (s=s11-s12-s44/2) for single crystal materials of binary and three-component TiNi-TiFe alloys with gradually deteriorating resistance first to one B2-R and further to two martensite transformations B2-R-B19'. The study discusses a ratio H/E of TiNi-TiFe alloys both subject and not exposed to martensite transformations. Surprisingly, this ratio exceeds 0.035 for alloys with martensite transformations, being far higher than in the majority of metals and alloys.

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20

Li, Ma, Jia, Meng, Tang, and He. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified β-Type Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo Alloys with High Specific Strength and Low Elastic Modulus." Metals 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111135.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified β-type Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo alloys with high specific strength and low elastic modulus were investigated. The results show that the phases of Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo alloys are composed of the β-Ti, α-Ti, and TiFe phases; the volume fraction of TiFe phase decreases with the increase of Mo content. The high Fe content results in the deposition of TiFe phase along the grain boundary of the Ti phase. The Ti75Fe19Sn5Mo1 alloy exhibits the high yield strength, maximum compressive strength, large plastic deformation, high specific strength, high Vickers hardness, and large toughness value, which is a superior new engineering material. The elastic modulus (42.1 GPa) of Ti75Fe15Sn5Mo5 alloy is very close to the elastic modulus of human bone (10–30 GPa), which indicating that the alloy can be used as a good biomedical alloy. In addition, the large H/Er and H3/Er2 values of Ti75Fe19Sn5Mo1 alloy indicate the good wear resistance and long service life as biomedical materials.

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21

Marlina, Siti Mariam, and Wahyu Setiawan. "Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Mengerjakan Soal pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial Kelas VII." Jurnal Cendekia : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 5, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v5i3.650.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesulitan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal aritmatika soaial. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di kelas 7 SMP Al- Barokah Sindangkerta pada tanggal 19 April 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriftif, data yang dianalisis adalah wawancara dan soal materi aritmatika sosial. Hasil analisis butir soal menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal aritmatika pada soal nomor 1 masih rendah, sedangkan pada soal nomor 2, 3, 4 dan 5 siswa sudah mampu mengerjakan soal dengan baik dan benar. Hasil wawancara membuktikan bahwa materi aritmatika sangat penting dipelajari dan dipahami oleh siswa karena aritmatika sosial adalah ilmu dasar masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari – hari, dan dapat dikatakan aritmatika sosial sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hasil beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi siswa kesulitan dalam mengerjakan soal aritmatika sosial yaitu kurangnya minat siswa dalam belajar, kurangnya pemahaman konsep matematis siswa terhadap materi aritmatika sosial, siswa kurang motivasi dan siswa kurang berlatih mengerjakan soal, serta dalam penelitian ini peneliti mendapatkan tife – tife kesalahan siswa yang dianalisis menggunakan prosedur tahapan Newman, yang mana tife kesalahan siswa yang dialami yaitu kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahan transformasi, kesalahan keterampilan proses dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban.

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22

Kastining, Ni Wayan Sri. "Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Inside Outside Circle (IOC) untuk Meningkatkan Hasi Belajar Siswa." Journal of Classroom Action Research 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v1i2.312.

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Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Sejarah siswa kelas X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Mataram pada materi sumber sejarah dan tahapan penelitian sejarah dengan menerapkan pembelajaran Kooperatif tife Insede Outside Circle ( IOC ). Penerapan pembelajaran Kooperatif tife Insede Outside Circle ( IOC ) ini diharapkan dapat memperbaiki proses pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar siswa menjadi meningkat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua siklus). setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Pelaksanaan siklis I dari tanggalan 2 Agustus 2018 sampai 16 Agustus 2018 dan siklus II dari tanggal 23 Agustus 2018 sampai 6 September 2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 51% siswa mendapat nilai 75 Karena pada siklus I belum memenuhi ketuntasan belaja yang diisyaratkan yaitu 85% siswa mendapatkan nilai 7,5, maka penelitian dilanjutkan ke siklus II. Hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus II, sebesar 93 % yang artinya ketuntasan belajar sudah tercapai dan hasil belajar mengalami peningkatan, disimpulkan dengan penerapan pembelajaran Kooperatif tife Insede Outside Circle ( IOC ) dapat meningkatkan hasill belajar siswa kelas X IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Mataram tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 pada mata pelajaran sejarah.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Kooperatif , Insede Outside Circle ( IOC ), peningkatan hasil belajar, Sumber sejarah dan Tahapan penelitian sejarah

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23

Murugeswari, R., R. Rajeswarapalanichamy, and A. Milton Franklin Benial. "Pressure-induced phase transition in titanium alloys." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 12 (May 3, 2018): 1850141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501412.

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The structural, elastic, magnetic and electronic properties of titanium-based ferromagnetic (FM) TiX (X = Fe, Co, Ni) alloys are investigated by the first principles calculations based on density functional theory using the Vienna ab initio simulation code. At ambient pressure, all the three alloys TiFe, TiCo and TiNi are highly stable in CsCl structure. The calculated lattice parameters and ground state properties are in good agreement with the available theoretical and experimental results. The density of states explains that these alloys possess the metallic nature at normal and high pressures. A pressure-induced structural phase transitions from CsCl to NaCl phase at 46 GPa and NaCl to ZB phase at 49 GPa in TiFe, CsCl to ZB phase in TiCo at 52 GPa, CsCl to hexagonal phase at 22 GPa and hexagonal to ZB phase at 66 GPa in TiNi are observed. The calculated Debye temperatures of TiX (X = Fe, Co, Ni) alloys are in good agreement with earlier reports. Binding energy shows that the TiCo is the most stable alloy. The magnetic property of TiX (X = Fe, Co, Ni) alloys reveals that TiFe is stable in nonmagnetic phase and the other two alloys, TiCo and TiNi, are stable in FM phase at normal pressure.

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Samatham, S. Shanmukharao, Akhilesh Kumar Patel, Alexey V. Lukoyanov, K. G. Suresh, and R. Nirmala. "Non-collinear antiferromagnetism to compensated ferrimagnetism in Ti(Fe1−xCox)2 (x = 0, 0.5 and 1) alloys: experiment and theory." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 9 (2021): 5607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp06368a.

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The manifestation of the structural and magnetic properties of Co substituted TiFe₂ is investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, magnetization and density functional theory calculations.

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25

Li, Yan, Xin Yang Wang, Shi Zhong Wei, Xiang Dong Ma, and Liu Jie Xu. "Effect of Brazing Process on Alumina/Carbon Steel Interface Microstructure and Joining Strength." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.647.

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Al2O3 ceramics and carbon steels were brazed using Cu-Ti active filler metal. The weld interface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrometer and X-ray diffraction instrument. Effects of brazing temperature on interface microstructures and the shear strength of the joint were investigated. The results show that the optimum brazing process is brazing temperature of 1323K, holding 30 min. The brazed joints with good microstructure morphology and higher interface shear strength can be obtained under the optimum brazing process. Interface bonding zone consists of three layers: reaction layer close to the ceramic, brazing alloy layer and diffusion layer close to the steel. And Cu3Ti3O, TiFe and TiFe2 are confirmed to form in the interface bonding zone. The shear strength of the joint reaches 99MPa.

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26

Falcão, Railson Bolsoni, Edgar Djalma Campos Carneiro Dammann, Cláudio José da Rocha, and Ricardo Mendes Leal Neto. "An Investigation on the Mechanical Alloying of TiFe Compound by High-Energy Ball Milling." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.329.

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This work reports the efforts to obtain TiFe intermetallic compound by high-energy ball milling of Ti and Fe powder mixtures. This process route has been used to provide a better hydrogen intake in this compound. Milling was carried out in a SPEX mill at different times. Strong adherence of material at the vial walls was seen to be the main problem at milling times higher than 1 hour. Attempts to solve this problem were accomplished by adding different process control agents, like ethanol, stearic acid, low density polyethylene, benzene and cyclohexane at variable quantities and keeping constant other milling parameters like ball to powder ration and balls size. Better results were attained with benzene and cyclohexane, but with partial formation of TiFe compound even after a heat treatment (annealing) of the milled samples.

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27

Tavassoli, A., A. Grytsiv, G. Rogl, V. V. Romaka, H. Michor, M. Reissner, E. Bauer, M. Zehetbauer, and P. Rogl. "The half Heusler system Ti1+xFe1.33−xSb–TiCoSb with Sb/Sn substitution: phase relations, crystal structures and thermoelectric properties." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 3 (2018): 879–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03787b.

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28

Kuznietsov, Oleksandr V., George D. Tsibidis, Anatoliy V. Demchishin, Anatoliy A. Demchishin, Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, Ivan Saldan, Stefano Bellucci, and Iaroslav Gnilitskyi. "Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on 2D Ti-Fe Multilayer Condensates." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020316.

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2D Ti-Fe multilayer preparation has been attracting increased interest due to its ability to form intermetallic compounds between metallic titanium and metallic iron thin layers. In particular, the TiFe compound can absorb hydrogen gas at room temperature. We applied femtosecond laser pulses to heat Ti-Fe multilayer structures to promote the appearance of intermetallic compounds and generate surface nanostructuring. The surface pattern, known as Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), can accelerate the kinetics of chemical interaction between solid TiFe and gaseous hydrogen. The formation of LIPSS on Ti-Fe multilayered thin films were investigated using of scanning electron microscopy, photo-electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. To explore the thermal response of the multiple layered structure and the mechanisms leading to surface patterning after irradiating the compound with single laser pulses, theoretical simulations were conducted to interpret the experimental observations.

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29

Falcão, Railson Bolsoni, Edgar Djalma Campos Carneiro Dammann, Cláudio José da Rocha, Rodrigo Uchida Ichikawa, Michelangelo Durazzo, Luís Gallego Martinez, and Ricardo Mendes Leal Neto. "Synthesis of TiFe Compound from Ball Milled TiH₂ and Fe Powders Mixtures." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.61.

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TiFe compound was produced by high-energy ball milling of TiH2and Fe powders, followed by heating under vacuum. TiH2was used instead of Ti in order to avoid the strong particles adhesion to grinding balls and vial walls. Mixtures of TiH2and Fe powders were dry-milled in a planetary mill for times ranging from 5 to 40 hours. The amount of sample, number and diameter of the balls were kept constant in all experiments. After milling, samples were heated under dynamic high-vacuum for the synthesis reaction. As-milled and heat-treated materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The mean crystallite sizes and microstrains were determined by XRD line profile analysis using the Warren-Averbach method. As-milled materials presented only Fe and TiH2phases. Nanostructured TiFe compound was formed after heat treatment. TiH2was effective for providing low adherence of the powders during milling.

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30

Kobayashi, Yasukazu, Heng Yi Teah, and Nobuko Hanada. "Chemical synthesis of unique intermetallic TiFe nanostructures originating from the morphology of oxide precursors." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 18 (2021): 5284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00251a.

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TiFe nanostructures where prepared at temperatures as low as 600 °C with a Ti–Fe precursor and a CaH2 reducing agent in molten LiCl. For the first time an intermetallic compound with a unique layered morphology was found which could have originated from the FeTiO3 precursor.

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31

Muslov, S. A., and A. I. Lotkov. "Parameters of the elasticity of TiNi and TiFe intermetallides." Perspektivnye Materialy, no. 11 (2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2018-11-5-16.

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32

BRATANICH, T. "Hydrogen sorption peculiarities of mechanically activated intermetallic TiFe and TiFe-MmNi5(LaNi5) mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21, no. 11-12 (November 1996): 1049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(96)00042-0.

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33

Litvinov, V. A., I. I. Okseniuk, D. I. Shevchenko, V. T. Koppe, V. V. Bobkov, and V. M. Chornous. "SIMS Study of the Surface of TiFe Hydride Forming Alloy." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 62, no. 3 (March 2017): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe62.03.0195.

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34

Zhu, H. Y., J. Wu, and Q. D. Wang. "Reactivation behaviour of TiFe hydride." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 215, no. 1-2 (November 1994): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)90823-0.

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35

Saita, I., M. Sato, H. Uesugi, and T. Akiyama. "Hydriding combustion synthesis of TiFe." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 446-447 (October 2007): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.02.150.

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36

Duarte, Lélia Parreira. "A Tessitura Irônica de A Queda dum Anjo, de Camilo Castelo Branco." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 1 (October 31, 1993): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.1.0.82-97.

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Analysis of the representative elements of faking games with which Camilo Castelo Branco constructs the ironic intrigue of A queda dum anjo, where he satirizes a hypocritical society, parodies his own passional novels and gives value to the reader capable of seeing that the text tries to reproduce tife but, in fact, is creation, tessitura, art.

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37

Chuprina, V. G. "Interaction of hydrogen-absorbing intermetallic compound tife with hydrogen IV. Mechanism of oxidation of TiFe." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 35, no. 5-6 (May 1996): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01328836.

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38

Bratanich, T. I., S. M. Solonin, and V. V. Skorokhod. "Activation of the reaction of the intermetallics LaNi5, TiFe, and their composites with hydrogen. II. Compacts of TiFe and mixtures of LaNi5, TiFe-metal powders." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 32, no. 7 (July 1993): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00559951.

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39

Fokin, V. N., E. E. Fokina, I. I. Korobov, and B. P. Tarasov. "Chemical interaction between TiFe and ammonia." Inorganic Materials 44, no. 2 (February 2008): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168508020118.

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40

Abrashev, B., S. Bliznakov, T. Spassov, and A. Popov. "Electrochemical hydriding of nanocrystalline TiFe alloys." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 37, no. 7 (March 27, 2007): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-007-9322-4.

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41

Andrievski, R. A. "Hydrogen in Metallic Nanostructures." Materials Science Forum 555 (September 2007): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.555.327.

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Features of hydrogen nanostructure synthesis are described as applied to metals (Mg and Pd) and intermetallics (Mg2Ni, FeTi and LaNi5). Attention is focused on the high-energy ball milling as a universal method for hydrogen nanostructure preparation. The effect of crystallite size, absorption/desorption properties of Pd - H2, Mg2Ni - H2, TiFe - H2 and Mg - H2 systems are characterized in detail. Structural features and some physical properties of nanohydrides studied by different independent characterization methods are considered.

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42

Liu, Jun Bo, and Li Mei Wang. "Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe Fe-Based Composite Coating Prepared by Precursor Carbonization-Composition Process and Plasma Cladding." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1237.

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The sucrose was used as a carbonaceous precursor to fabricate composite alloy powder of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe by the precursor carbonization-composition process using the powder matirial of chromium, iron, tungsten, nickel and ferrotitanium. And the powder of Fe-Cr-C-TiFe was used to form a high-chromium iron-base composite coating on substrate of Q235 steel by plasma cladding process. The microstructure and hardness of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness tester. Wear resistance of the coating was tested on wear tester at room temperature and high temperature 600°C compared with the base material Q235 steel and bearing steel. Results show that the coating consists of TiC, (Cr,Fe)7C3 and austenite and the hardness of the coating is 3.4 times as high as the base body Q235 steel. The wear resistance of the coating at room temperature is 11-15 times as high as the base body Q235 steel. The wear resistance of the coating at high temperature 600°C is 2.45 times as high as Q235 steel and is 1.5 times as high as bearing steel. The composite coating has excellent wear resistance because the reinforce phase TiC and (Cr,Fe) 7C3 in the coating have high hardness and good wear resistance. They can play key roles in process of friction and wear.

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43

Zhao, Xiaohui, Zhenfu Shi, Chao Deng, Yu Liu, and Xin Li. "The Effect of Laser Offset Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 301L to TA2 with and without Cu Intermediate Layer." Metals 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091138.

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Based on dissimilar materials of 301L/TA2, the effect of laser offset and copper intermediate layer on welded joints was investigated. First, the process optimization of laser offsets indicated that the tensile strength of welded joint without intermediate layer was reached to the highest value when the laser was applied on the TA2 side. On the other hand, the tensile strength of welded joint with intermediate layer performed well when laser was applied in the middle position. Then, microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of welded joints were observed and tested. Based on eutectic reaction and peritectic reaction: TiFe and TiFe2 compounds were produced for welded joint without intermediate layer. Cu-Fe solid solutions and Cu-Ti compounds were generated when copper was used as the intermediate layer. The maximum tensile strength of welded joint with and without copper intermediate layer were 396 and 193 MPa, respectively. Finally, fracture mechanism of 301L/TA2 welded joint was studied: Fe-Ti compounds caused brittle fracture of welded joints without intermediate layer; brittle fracture took place in rich copper and Cu-Ti compounds area of welded joints with copper intermediate layer.

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44

CANTO, G., and PABLO ORDEJÓN. "FIRST PRINCIPLES SLAB RELAXATION STUDY OF THE TiFe(001) SURFACE." Surface Review and Letters 13, no. 04 (August 2006): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x06008736.

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We have performed Density Functional Theory calculations in the Generalized Gradients Approximation for the (001) surface of the intermetallic compound TiFe . We have focused on the interplay between spin polarization and surface relaxations, and the influence of the chemical species at the surface. We found that the surface shows a magnetic ordering. The magnetic moment at the surface layer depends strongly on the surface termination, being much larger for the case of Fe than Ti termination (3.11 and 0.29 μB/atom, respectively). The magnetic moments show an alternating behavior with a slow decaying as we go inside the material. On the other hand, the modification of the atomic positions due to the surface relaxation results in a very small influence on the magnetic moment with respect to the ideal, nonrelaxed configuration.

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45

Gosselin, Catherine, and Jacques Huot. "Hydrogenation Properties of TiFe Doped with Zirconium." Materials 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2015): 7864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma8115423.

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46

YANG JI-LIAN, ZHANG BAI-SHENG, DING YONG-FAN, ZHOU HUI-MING, JIN LAN, YE CHUN-TANG, YANG YING-CHANG, SUN HONG, and KONG LIN-SHU. "NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF Y(TiFe)12." Acta Physica Sinica 38, no. 4 (1989): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.38.665.

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47

Jurczyk, M., E. Jankowska, M. Makowiecka, and I. Wieczorek. "Electrode characteristics of nanocrystalline TiFe-type alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 354, no. 1-2 (May 2003): L1—L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)01347-6.

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48

Bernardini, M., N. Comisso, G. Davolio, and G. Mengoli. "Electrolytic hydriding of TiFe 50/50 alloy." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 487, no. 1 (June 2000): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00144-3.

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49

Kulkova, S. E., S. V. Eremeev, V. E. Egorushkin, J. S. Kim, and S. Y. Oh. "Hydrogen adsorption on Pd/TiFe (110) surface." Solid State Communications 126, no. 7 (May 2003): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(03)00145-5.

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50

Yukawa, Hiroshi, Yoshihiro Takahashi, and Masahiko Morinaga. "Electronic structures of hydrogen storage compound, TiFe." Computational Materials Science 14, no. 1-4 (February 1999): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(98)00121-9.

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