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1
Naseer-Ahmed. "Synergic control in MIG welding and penetration control in TIG welding." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1992. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3451/.
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Part 1: Synergic control in MIG welding. Synergic controls (i.e. real time control methods) for both steady DC open arc and short circuiting arc operations have been developed in this study. These have been based on the generalised quadratic and linear ‘power-current' and linear ‘voltage-current’ equations which adequately describe the MIG welding operation. The controls are low coat electronic units which are added to a ‘transistor’ controlled power source. The units based on the ‘power-current’ concept can operate with the power source set in the constant current, constant voltage or any intermediate mode of output characteristics, and regulate only the steady DC open arc operation. The unit based on the ‘voltage-current’ concept operates with the power source set in nominally constant voltage mode, and regulates both steady DC open arc and short circuiting arc operations. These controls adjust the current, voltage or power automatically according to any operator-selected wire feed speed whether maintained constant at any level, varied gradually or modulated with any waveform to achieve ‘thermal pulsing’. In addition, two approaches have been used to adapt the synergic control units to a lower cost, thyristor controlled power source which is more widely used in industry. In one approach, the generalised control equation used previously for the transistor controlled power source has been extended to take account of the output characteristics of the thyristor controlled power source. As an alternative, the control units themselves have been modified to allow for the different power source characteristics. The control systems have been successfully demonstrated for producing sound welds in a wide range of welding applications, for both mechanised and manual welding techniques. Part II: Penetration control in TIG welding A 'backface' penetration control system developed at Liverpool University, based on a ‘video camera' instead of a ‘photodiode' as a sensor, has been evaluated at The Welding Institute. Essentially, the system controls the size of the weld pool, instead of an average level of radiation, by regulating pulse current period, by means of a fibre optics image guide/video camera/microcomputer based controller. The system has been found to be capable of controlling the weld bead penetration uniformly in stainless steel plates and joints, for constant as well as variable material thicknesses. However, the system cannot be used with high frequency (HF) arc discharge, as required for automatic arc initiation, because the software and electronic components are corrupted. A hard-wired control unit has therefore been developed at The Welding Institute to replace foe microcomputer based controller. This unit can be operated reliably with automatic HF arc initiation. Furthermore, it has been shown to control weld bead penetration in stainless steel plates and joints, for constant at well as variable material thicknesses.
2
Tan, Colin C. M. "Automation of some aspects of TIG welding." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235509.
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Ooi, Cheng Lee. "Waveform effects in bipolar TIG welding of aluminium." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283811.
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Riggs, Mark R. "TIG Welding of Nickel Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397607979.
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5
Rashid, Lezan. "Overlay welding of FeCrAl alloys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44345.
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In this master thesis different overlay welding methods suitable for boiler application has been investigated. The purpose of this project is to define advantages and disadvantages for each overlay welding methods and suggest some evaluation criteria on some commercial and experimental alloys aimed for overlay welding material. Many components in a boiler are made of low alloy steel and the atmosphere in the furnace region can be very complex; therefore many different types of corrosion can occur. Weld overlay is a process where one or multiple layers of corrosion resistant material are applied to a base material. The two overlay welding methods investigated in this study were Tungsten Inert Gas welding and Metal Inert/Active Gas welding. Tests were performed with FeCrAl alloys (Kanthal A, Kanthal D and some experimental alloys). FeCrAl alloys in general are ferritic iron-based steels with a typical concentration of 20-23 wt. % chromium and ~5 wt.% aluminum. Different overlay welding evaluation was made; visual examination, dye penetrant inspection, macro/micro examination, side bend test and short term corrosion test (~50hours). Conclusion of this thesis is that MIG welding is a more productive method than TIG, but more defects such cracks and lack of fusion can be produced for MIG welding. These defects can be “fixed” if welding parameters is optimized. If repairing a certain place TIG welding is a better option. A conclusion about number of layers; one layer with MIG welding is almost as thick as three layers with TIG welding with welding wire Ø 1mm. Three welding evaluation that is really important is visual examination, dye penetrant testing and corrosion test in order to choose which overlay welding method is suitable in boiler application.I detta examensarbete har olika påsvetsningsmetoder som är lämpliga för en pannapplikation undersökts. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka både för- och nackdelar med påsvetsningsmetoderna och föreslå några utvärderingskriterier på vissa kommersiella och experimentella legeringar som lämpar sig för påsvetsningsmaterial. Många komponenter i en panna är tillverkade av låg legerat stål och miljön där förbränningen sker kan vara väldigt komplex, därför kan det ske korrosion. Påsvetsning är en process där ett eller flera skikt av ett mer korrosionsbeständigt material appliceras på ett basmaterial. De två olika svetsmetoderna som undersöktes i denna studie var TIG-svetsning och MIG-svetsning. Testerna utfördes med FeCrAl legeringar (Kanthal A, Kanthal D och vissa experimentella legeringar). FeCrAl legeringar är i allmänhet ferritiska järnbaserade stål med 20-23% krom och ~5% aluminium. De utvärderingsmetoderna som undersöktes var: visuell undersökning, penetrantprovning, makro/ mikroundersökning, sidobockprovning och korttidskorrosionstest (~50 timmar). Slutsatsen av detta examensarbete är att MIG-svetsning är en mer produktiv metod än TIG, men fler defekter såsom bindfel och sprickor uppkom för MIG-svetsning. Dessa defekter kan ”fixas” genom optimering av svetsparametrar. Om man bara ska reparera ett specifikt område är TIG-svetsning ett bättre alternativ. En slutsats om antal lager är att ett lager med MIG-svetsning är nästan lika tjockt som tre lager med TIG-svetsning med Ø 1mm svetstråd. Tre svetsutvärderingar som är viktiga är visuell undersökning, penetrantprovning och korrosionstest för att välja vilken påsvetsmetod som är lämpligast i pannapplikation.
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Thornton, M. F. "Spectroscopic determination of temperature distributions for a TIG arc." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10551.
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Argon TIG arc temperatures have been measured for a wide range of
arc
parameters using the 'Fowler-Milne' spectroscopic method. Prompted by
widespread disagreement amongst temperatures published by previous
groups, a detailed investigation has been carried out into those experimental
and theoretical
aspects of the measurement process that may have led to
incorrect results. The tests have included the variation of
experimental
parameters, the choice of Abel inversion procedure, and the calculation of
argon species number densities and partition functions.
The existence of
equilibrium within the TIG arc has been investigated by
determining temperatures with a number of argon emission lines. Significant
differences 'in derived values of the
temperatures were observed within 1mm
of the
tungsten cathode tip, smaller variations were observed over the
remainder of the arc. The results indicate that
large scale departures from a
Boltzmann distribution
amongst argon atom excited states exists close to the
tungsten tip, deviations decrease with increasing distance from the tip but do
not
disappear completely. lt is believed that the breakdown of equilibrium
within the
argon TIG arc may help to explain the disagreement in temperatures
obtained
by past groups that have used spectroscopic methods.
Despite evidence for non-equilibrium within the arc. results from
previous groups suggest that derived values of .the temperatures are
substantially correct in the main body of the arc. The detailed temperature
maps provide useful information on temperature changes with arc parameters
for the
purposes of modelling and understanding of the arc.
7
Chen, Xiao-Qi. "Sensor based automatic control system for narrow gap TIG welding." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278614.
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Drápela, Petr. "Využití hybridní technologie Laser-TIG pro svařování hliníkových slitin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399437.
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Different problems arise from choice of setting technological parameters during welding of alluminium alloys. Choice of welding method, welding speed and material influence mechanical properties of welds. During welding of alluminium alloys come difficulties due to oxidation of thin surface layer of material. One of ways how to overcome this obtacle is to use hybrid laser-TIG welding method. In this diploma thesis is described influence of welding processes on mechanical properties of two alluminium alloys(EN AW-5754 H22, EN AW-6082 T6) and change in their microstructure during welding.
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Pollard, William Nichols Jr. "Non-contact Temperature Measurement of Stainless Steel in a TIG Welding Process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35433.
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The goal of this research was to design and test an experimental setup capable of performing a TIG welding process and acquiring temperature measurements near the weld with the use of an infrared spot sensor. The data collected can then be used to validate a computer simulation that models the exact same process. An experimental setup was built, and preliminary temperature data were collected. It was determined that infrared measurements taken at the arc contain excessive amounts of interfering radiation emanating from the welding zone. The optimal angle of orientation is normal to the weld line. In this way an infrared spot sensor can be focused on an area just down weld of the arc where the temperatures remain relatively high and thermal gradients, although still large, are at a minimum. Additional data were collected from thermocouples to validate the infrared sensor results and also to provide additional data that can be compared to a computer model. Sources of error were identified and recommendations were made as to how they can be avoided or minimized.Master of Science
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Carvalho, Sheila Medeiros de. "Estudo da soldabilidade a laser e a TIG do titânio comercialmente puro grau 2 empregado em sistemas pneumáticos de aeronaves." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-02102013-112909/.
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O conjunto de tubos denominado sistema pneumático, tem a função de conduzir o ar quente pressurizado desde o motor até os pontos de utilização pelos sistemas ambientais da aeronave. A ocorrência de falhas em serviço de peças desse sistema soldadas pelo processo TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), motivou o estudo da substituição desse processo pelo de soldagem a laser. Foi utilizado um laser a fibra de 2 kW de potência e tubos de titânio comercialmente puro grau 2, de 0,5 mm de espessura e 50 mm de diâmetro. Para efeito de comparação foram realizadas soldas pelo processo TIG, semi-automático, cujos parâmetros foram obtidos junto a uma empresa fabricante de aviões. Os tubos de titânio foram soldados em cheio, sem adição de arame, e o argônio foi utilizado como gás de proteção. Os parâmetros de soldagem a laser selecionados foram 200 W e 2000 mm/min e, 250 W e 300 mm/min. Os tubos soldados a laser apresentam cordões com aproximadamente 1 mm de largura e grãos de Ti-CP ?, enquanto que as soldas TIG resultam em cordões de 5 mm e grãos grosseiros serrilhado de Ti-CP ?. O refinamento microestrutural observado nas amostras soldadas a laser, em relação à TIG, deve-se a alta taxa de resfriamento, que no laser foi cerca de 70 vezes maior do que no TIG. Os tubos soldados a laser e TIG foram ciclados na bancada pneumática, 44.000 vezes, a 350 oC, sem fraturarem ou iniciarem uma trinca que comprometesse os testes de pressurização cíclica. Os resultados de fadiga evidenciaram uma maior resistência mecânica da solda a laser na condição de 200 W e 2000 mm/min, quando comparado com as demais condições de soldagem. As avaliações microestruturais e mecânicas dos cordões de solda evidenciaram as vantagens do processo de soldagem a laser para substituir o TIG, em junções do sistema pneumático de aeronaves.The engine bleed air system, also known as pneumatic system, conducts the pressurized hot air from the engine to the environmental systems of aircrafts. In-service failures of the arc welded pneumatic parts have driven further developments of laser beam welding as an alternative method. Here, a fiber laser with 2 kW power had been employed to weld commercial purity titanium alloy tubes with 0.5 wall thickness and 50 mm diameter. For comparison purposes, semiautomatic TIG welding was realized, based on the previous experience of an aircraft company. All the welds were autogenous, bead-on-plate, and under protective argon atmosphere. The chosen parameters speed and laser powers for laser welding were 200 W - 2000 mm/min and 250 W - 300 mm/min. The laser welded tubes presented 1-mm wide weld beads composed by grained ?-Ti. The TIG welded tubes showed 5-mm wide beads composed by acicular ?-Ti grains. These observed differences had been associated to the cooling rate, which is seventy times higher in the laser case. Both laser and TIG welded tubes were cycled 44.000 times in a pneumatic bench at 350 oC without failures or cracks that could break the internal pressure. The condition 200W-2000mm/min presented superior fatigue resistance values compared to other welding conditions, and being similar to the tubes in the unwelded condition. On the other hand, the condition 250W-3000mm/min presented the highest dispersion for the fatigue lives. The microstructural and mechanical results shown that the current laser technology could replace with advantages the arc welding for the joining of the titanium tubes in the aircrafts pneumatic system.
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Macedo, Filho Vanderlei Guilherme de [UNESP]. "Análise da pulsação térmica do processo TIG na soldagem da liga AA6063T6." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123836.
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000823683.pdf: 3204048 bytes, checksum: f0ee3d6a05103cc075f55a3e59de3b96 (MD5)Em algumas ligas de alumínio, em especial as da série 6xxx (Al-Si-Mg), a maior suscetibilidade no desenvolvimento de trincas de solidificação é uma preocupação constante na soldagem TIG CA autógena. No âmbito operacional a minimização dessa ocorrência, ou mesmo sua eliminação, têm sido feita pela utilização de métodos que fundamentalmente procuram modificar a estrutura bruta de fusão refinando o metal na zona fundida e na zona termicamente afetada através da agitação da poça de fusão. No processo TIG CA, recursos utilizados para a agitação da poça de fusão, e consequente refinamento da microestrutura, são a frequencia de inversão de polaridade do eletrodo e a frequencia de periodo de pulso térmico. Certamente o conhecimento de tais recursos e sua adequada publicação na minimização das trincas de solidificação despertam interesse no campo da engenharia de fabricação e constitui-se em importante informação técnica e ser disponibilizada. Nesse trabalho foi utilizado a soldagem TIG CA autógena com pulsação térmica na liga de alumínio AA6063T6 avaliou-se as frequencias da inversão de polaridade do eletrodo em 50, 100 e 200 Hz, combinadas com freqüencias de período de pulso térmico de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; e 4,0 Hz. O teste de Houldcroft foi amplamente utilizado como importante ferramenta nessa avalição, em conjunto com análise macro e microestrutural da zona fundida e termicamente afetada. Embora não tenha sido eliminada completamente a formação de trincas de solidificação, foi possível verificar a diminuição das mesmas em função do aumento da freqüência de inversão de polaridade do eletrodo e do aumento da freqüência do período de pulso térmico, acompanhado de um refinamento dos grãos na zona fundida e na zona termicamente afetada
For some aluminum alloys, especially 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) series, the able to develop solidification cracking in AC-GTAW welding is a constant preoccupation. In operation scope the minimal incident of this, or even its elimination, has been done by methods that are able to modify the microestrural in melted pool zone and thermic affected zone by agitation of the melted pool. IN AC-GTAW welding process, recourses applied for agitation of the melted pool, and following microestrutural depuration, are the electro polarity inversion frequency and thermic pulse cycle frequency. Be sure that this knowledge and its correct application for decrease solidification cracking is important to the process engineering and it constitutes an important technical information for available. On this work, the AC-GTAW thermic pulse welding on plate was used on AA6063T6 aluminium alloy analysis results for 50,100 and 200Hz electro polority inversion frequency, in agreement with 0,5;1,0;1,7 and 5,0Hz thermic pulse cycle frequency. The Houldcroft weldability test was enlargement used how important tool for this analysis, in agreement with macro and microestrutural analysis of melted pool zone and thermic affected zone. Althogh the solidification cracking formation has not been eliminated, it was possible to verify their decreasing due by increase of the electro polarity inversion frequency and increase thermic pulse cycle frequency, followed by grain depuration in melted pool zone and thermic affected zone
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Macedo, Filho Vanderlei Guilherme de. "Análise da pulsação térmica do processo TIG na soldagem da liga AA6063T6 /." Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123836.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento GonçalvesBanca: Yukio Kobayashi
Banca: Fernanda Raimunda de Abreu
Resumo: Em algumas ligas de alumínio, em especial as da série 6xxx (Al-Si-Mg), a maior suscetibilidade no desenvolvimento de trincas de solidificação é uma preocupação constante na soldagem TIG CA autógena. No âmbito operacional a minimização dessa ocorrência, ou mesmo sua eliminação, têm sido feita pela utilização de métodos que fundamentalmente procuram modificar a estrutura bruta de fusão refinando o metal na zona fundida e na zona termicamente afetada através da agitação da poça de fusão. No processo TIG CA, recursos utilizados para a agitação da poça de fusão, e consequente refinamento da microestrutura, são a frequencia de inversão de polaridade do eletrodo e a frequencia de periodo de pulso térmico. Certamente o conhecimento de tais recursos e sua adequada publicação na minimização das trincas de solidificação despertam interesse no campo da engenharia de fabricação e constitui-se em importante informação técnica e ser disponibilizada. Nesse trabalho foi utilizado a soldagem TIG CA autógena com pulsação térmica na liga de alumínio AA6063T6 avaliou-se as frequencias da inversão de polaridade do eletrodo em 50, 100 e 200 Hz, combinadas com freqüencias de período de pulso térmico de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; e 4,0 Hz. O teste de Houldcroft foi amplamente utilizado como importante ferramenta nessa avalição, em conjunto com análise macro e microestrutural da zona fundida e termicamente afetada. Embora não tenha sido eliminada completamente a formação de trincas de solidificação, foi possível verificar a diminuição das mesmas em função do aumento da freqüência de inversão de polaridade do eletrodo e do aumento da freqüência do período de pulso térmico, acompanhado de um refinamento dos grãos na zona fundida e na zona termicamente afetada
Abstract: For some aluminum alloys, especially 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) series, the able to develop solidification cracking in AC-GTAW welding is a constant preoccupation. In operation scope the minimal incident of this, or even its elimination, has been done by methods that are able to modify the microestrural in melted pool zone and thermic affected zone by agitation of the melted pool. IN AC-GTAW welding process, recourses applied for agitation of the melted pool, and following microestrutural depuration, are the electro polarity inversion frequency and thermic pulse cycle frequency. Be sure that this knowledge and its correct application for decrease solidification cracking is important to the process engineering and it constitutes an important technical information for available. On this work, the AC-GTAW thermic pulse welding on plate was used on AA6063T6 aluminium alloy analysis results for 50,100 and 200Hz electro polority inversion frequency, in agreement with 0,5;1,0;1,7 and 5,0Hz thermic pulse cycle frequency. The Houldcroft weldability test was enlargement used how important tool for this analysis, in agreement with macro and microestrutural analysis of melted pool zone and thermic affected zone. Althogh the solidification cracking formation has not been eliminated, it was possible to verify their decreasing due by increase of the electro polarity inversion frequency and increase thermic pulse cycle frequency, followed by grain depuration in melted pool zone and thermic affected zone
Mestre
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Pendlebury, Mark. "The design and production of an automated TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding machine." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240265.
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Manorathna, Prasad. "Intelligent 3D seam tracking and adaptable weld process control for robotic TIG welding." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18794.
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Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is extensively used in aerospace applications, due to its unique ability to produce higher quality welds compared to other shielded arc welding types. However, most TIG welding is performed manually and has not achieved the levels of automation that other welding techniques have. This is mostly attributed to the lack of process knowledge and adaptability to complexities, such as mismatches due to part fit-up. Recent advances in automation have enabled the use of industrial robots for complex tasks that require intelligent decision making, predominantly through sensors. Applications such as TIG welding of aerospace components require tight tolerances and need intelligent decision making capability to accommodate any unexpected variation and to carry out welding of complex geometries. Such decision making procedures must be based on the feedback about the weld profile geometry. In this thesis, a real-time position based closed loop system was developed with a six axis industrial robot (KUKA KR 16) and a laser triangulation based sensor (Micro-Epsilon Scan control 2900-25).
15
Brehovský, Patrik. "Svařování hlubokotažných ocelí s ochrannou vrstvou hybridní technologií Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417119.
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The diploma thesis focuses on laser welding of extra deep-drawn steel sheet according to the standard WSS-M1A365-A14 with a protective zinc surface layer. A 0,9 mm thick steel sheet with a zinc layer with coating weight 50 g · m^-2 is welded by a hybrid welding method Laser-TIG. The laser, as the primary energy source, is used for welding the material. The arc, provided by a non-melting tungsten electrode, is used for preheating the material for melting and evaporation of the zinc layer. Based on the initial experiments, the magnitude of the laser power with the welding speed was chosen as a constant parameter. The magnitude of the electric current, as the variable parameter, was set up to 0, 20, 30 and 40 ampers for welding the lap and the butt welds. Only one piece of the each weld type combination was made. The welds were afterwards tested to verify their quality and material properties. The first differences between laser welding with or without TIG preheating were visible during the experiment. The positive effects of the laser welding with preheating by TIG were confirmed. The material properties of the joints achieved better values and a influence of the welding defects on the quality of the joints was reduced. The Laser-TIG is a good choice for welding galvanized steel sheets in the mass production of automotive industry and it could be improved by more researches.
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Kazdera, Tomáš. "Certifikace firmy dle ČSN EN 15085 a ČSN EN ISO 3834." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231008.
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The project elaborated in frame of engineering studies is focused on the certification of the company SW-MOTECH sro in the welding of steel structures for rail vehicles. According to standards ČSN EN 15085 and ČSN EN ISO 3834. The first part focuses on theoretical introduction to the used welding methods. The second section describes the destructive and non-destructive tests on individual welding methods, including their evaluation. Based on work tests pWPS is exposed to welding procedure WPS
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Stone, David Andrew. "Frontface monitoring of weld penetration." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329510.
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Herčík, Tomáš. "Svařitelnost kobaltových slitin hybridní metodou Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417054.
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The master thesis summarizes the critical situation of the lack of a cobalt used in different industry branches. Due to its increasing price, it will not be possible to use in existing applications. One of these applications is production of cobalt alloys where the replacement of this element is impossible. This type of material keeps mechanical properties at high temperature. However, a suitable choice of technology can achieve at least its savings. In the field of welding, the alloys are joined without any use of an additional material. The possible solution could be the use of hybrid technologies or electron beam. Verification of weldability of both methods was realised in experimental parts and evaluated by destructive methods. The investigation was performed on wear resistant alloy Stellite 6B.
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Žák, Tomáš. "Využití hybridní technologie Laser-TIG pro svařování rozdílných materiálů používáných v energetice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400985.
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Thesis is focused on analyzing the influence of preheating process parameters using electric arc from TIG torch during laser welding on weld properties of stainless steel and carbon steel with higher strength. In this thesis experiment was done in which metal sheets 3 mm thick from X12Cr13 and S355 steels were welded. Welding was done first with using only laser, then laser with TIG preheating and lastly laser with preheated material by induction heater. When TIG preheating was used than set welding current was changed on the power source. The welds were subsequently evaluated based on macrostructure, microstructure and Vickers hardness test.
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Woodward, Neil J. "Pool oscillations and cast variations : penetration control for orbital tig welding of austenitic stainless steel tubing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4512.
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Pool oscillations in tungsten inert gas welding pools have been used in a closed-loop control system for orbital welding of ultra high purity tubing, determining a target level of penetration by altering the welding current in real-time. The technique is ideally suited to this application since it is does not contravene the cleanliness requirements for the inner bore and can be implemented outside the small orbital heads that are commonly used. The results presented in this thesis show how clear pool oscillation signals in extremely small molten pools can be monitored by optimising the welding conditions and signal processing of the arc voltage signal. As an indicator of the likely variation in cast behaviour present particularly in austenitic stainless steels, a 'time-to-penetrate' characterisation was made of the materials, using the time of the transition from the Mode 1 to the Mode 3 oscillation behaviour as the measured variable. By applying the test across a range of welding currents, significant insight was obtained into the cast and associated penetration behaviour. Late transitions indicated casts that exhibited significantly different responses to the more usually applied welding procedures, especially at the lower levels of welding current (highlighting their potentially more problematic penetration behaviour). It was shown that the established theoretical models were difficult to apply with certainty to moving weld pools, and consequently a fuzzy logic model was used in the control strategy. The closed-loop system comprised a user-interface PC, a control rack and commercial welding power source - control signals were applied every 2 to 3 Hz. Mode 3 pool oscillations were found to offer a more than satisfactory sensitivity to the inner bead width created for the various casts of 1.65 mm wall thickness materials studied.
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Faraone, Kevin Michael. "Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of 304L and 21-6-9 Austenitic Stainless Steel with Penetration Enhancing Compounds." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388356167.
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Antes, Jiří. "Svařování galvanicky pozinkovaných plechů pomocí hybridní technologie Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443206.
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ANTES, Jiří: Welding of galvanized sheets using hybrid Laser-TIG technology This master thesis deals with the welding of zinced deep drawing steel using Laser-TIG technology. The first section of the thesis describes the topic from the theoretical point of view, which includes analysis of welding technologies, influence of used material and application of diagnostic methods. The second part of the thesis is focused on monitoring of welding current impact for weld quality of two types of joints.
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Bukvic, Tomáš. "Svařování žárově pozinkovaných plechů pomocí hybridní technologie Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443207.
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Thesis is focused on verification of suitability of Laser-TIG technology for penetrating welding of galvanized sheets, made of WSS M1A 365-A14 50G steel and DC01 steel. Electric arc functions here as a preheating for evaporation of zink layer. Electric current was chosen as a variable parameter of magnitudes 0, 20, 30 and 40 A. Test welds were made, which have been subjected to a tensile test and metallographic evaluation. The positive influence for electrolytically galvanized steel WSS M1A 365-A14 50G was registered and determination of optimal welding parameters was successful. The electric arc also had a positive effect on welding of hot-dip galvanized steel DC01, but at the selected test parameters not enough to achieve a reliable connection.
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Azevedo, Alessandra Gois Luciano de. "Soldagem A-TIG em aço inoxidável ferrítico." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14708.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe use of active flux in TIG process can be an alternative to increase the productivity since this technique increases the depth of penetration of weld bead maintaining the same parameters of conventional TIG welding. The results obtained indicate that the use of the traditional way of flux application tend to produce slag, which is hard to remove. In order to avoid this problem, are approach is by applying two flux strips alongside the joint, separated by a predetermined distance, defined as parameter \"a\". This technique is called Contraction Controlled Technique (CCT). The result with this methodology was satisfactory, allowing increasing the depth of penetration and ensuring a good weld bead surface finish. The objective of this research is to verify and analyze the influence of the use of Contraction Controlled Technique with the A-TIG process in the welding of ferritic stainless steel. It also aims to identify and quantify the main phenomena involved such as increase of the penetration, the changes in the arc, and changes in mechanical and metallurgical properties of the ferritic steel. For this purpose, it were done welding of ferritic stainless steels surfaces using the Contraction Controlled Technique, varying the width of the parameter \"a\", the distance between the piece and the electrode, the electrical current and welding speed. It was observed that the geometry of the weld beads has suffered modifications such as reduction in width and increased of the penetration of the weld beads for all cases where the active flux was used. The use of the active flux in TIG welding process is a technique that allows the increased of penetration depth of weld maintain keeping the same parameters used in the conventional TIG. However, it was not possible to increase the speed of the welding within the parameters used. When it was employed the technique of controlled contraction in a disalignment joint, the data showed that it is possible to improve results of arc direction, direct it to the edge of the board, using active flux and modifing both the parameter \"a\" and the deviation of the torch (dt). The application of this technique did not cause changes in the toughness or in the microstructure of the fusion zone the ferritic stainless steel.
O uso de fluxo ativo no processo de soldagem TIG pode ser uma alternativa para aumentar a velocidade de soldagem do processo, pois esta técnica permite o aumento da profundidade de penetração do cordão de solda mantendo os mesmo parâmetros empregados no TIG convencional. A principal desvantagem desta técnica reside principalmente na propensão à formação de uma camada oxidada sobre o cordão de solda o que pode também acarretar num acabamento superficial ruim. Uma forma de tirar proveito desta técnica garantindo um bom acabamento do cordão é aplicar o fluxo de tal maneira que, ao invés de uma camada que cubra toda a superfície da chapa, sejam feitas duas faixas de fluxo, separadas por uma distância predeterminada, definida como parâmetro a . Esta técnica é chamada neste trabalho de Técnica da Constrição Controlada (TCC). Desta forma, a camada de fluxo isola eletricamente certas regiões da superfície da peça direcionando a região de incidência do arco e, como a diluição do fluxo na poça de solda é menor, alia-se a vantagem do aumento de penetração com o bom acabamento do cordão de solda. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar e analisar a influência do uso da Técnica da Constrição Controlada com o processo A-TIG na soldagem do aço inoxidável ferrítico; identificar e quantificar os principais fenômenos envolvidos como, aumento da penetração, alterações no arco voltaico e as possíveis modificações nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas do aço ferrítico. Para isso, realizou-se a soldagem do aço inoxidável ferrítico empregando a técnica da constrição controlada variando-se a largura do parâmetro a , a distância eletrodo-peça, a corrente de soldagem e a velocidade de soldagem. Foi possível observar que a geometria do cordão de solda sofre modificações como redução na largura e aumento da penetração do cordão de solda para todos os casos em que se empregou o fluxo ativo. Porém, não foi possível um aumento da velocidade de soldagem com os parâmetros empregados. Quando empregada a Técnica da Constrição Controlada em uma junta desalinhada, os dados comprovaram que é possível conseguir resultados de desvios satisfatórios no arco, ou seja, direcioná-lo para a borda da junta, com a utilização de fluxo ativo e a modificação tanto do parâmetro a quanto do desalinhamento na tocha (dt). A aplicação desta técnica não provocou alterações nem na tenacidade nem na microestrutura da zona fundida.
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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CALVO, WILSON A. P. "Avaliacao e caracterizacao da liga de niquel tipo 600 apos processos de soldagem por fusao TIG, arco plasma e laser." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1997. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10493.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Novotný, Michal. "Studium vlastností laserových svarů materiálu Domex 460 MC při využití obloukového předehřevu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399305.
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This diploma thesis deals with weldability of Domex 460 MC material. There are two welding methods and three other welded materials in heterogenous connection which will be researched in this diploma thesis. The welding methods are fiber solid-state laser and a new method of hybrid welding called laser – TIG. The other materials are Domex 700 MC, S355J2 and DC01. Domex 460 MC is a high-strenght steel with fine-grained structure. During the welding process the imput heat decreases mechanical properties of the materials. This effect is caused by material seeds growing. From these samples (which were produced by welding) were created metallographic cuts. These metallographic cuts were analysed focusing on their makrostructure, microstructure, mikrohardnest and Mn arrangement in welded heterogenous samples using electron microscope and EDX analysis.
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Fager, Stark Jonathan. "Novel small-scale manufacturing of welding consumables." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103949.
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Current research and development processes of novel welding consumables constitutes a great cost and requires a lot of time and resources. LNU WML has requested a novel small batch GTAW welding consumables manufacturing process that is cost-, time-, and resource-efficient. The study was conducted in accordance to DFSS, a product developing process under the overarching scientific engineering method “Systems Engineering”. The DFSS process consists of four stages, where stage one and two were completed. This has resulted in the development of three novel concepts, and key parameters has been established. One novel concept has been selected by the client and an experiment has been conducted that proves the principle functionality of the novel concept. Recommendations on how to proceed to a finished, usable product is expressed as a recommendation of a continuation of the DFSS-process, a conduction of a secondary experiment and suggestions for key parameters.
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Nogol, Petr. "Svařování oceli technologií PATIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229999.
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The effect of activating flux PATIG on welding arc was investigate in master thesis, A-TIG welding with flux PATIG. The test was performed on six materials with different chemical and mechanical properties. TIG and A-TIG welding was carried out after application flux. Performed require layer of PATIG flux was quite difficult. Result was compared between conventional TIG and experimental A-TIG method of welding. The best reached goals were for high-alloy steels. Typical and 3times deeper penetration was reached for A-TIG compared to conventional TIG welding.
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Krejčí, Adam. "Svařování oceli 22MnB5 pomocí hybridní technologie Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417452.
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This thesis deals with usage of hybrid technology Laser-TIG for welding of boron enhanced steel 22MnB5. This thesis evaluates the influence of preheating using technology of TIG arc welding to a weld quality in comparison with laser welds. In practical part of thesis there were 1,8 mm metal sheets of 22MnB5 welded. This metal sheet specimens were welded by using constant parameters of laser with varying parameters of TIG technology. There were 12 specimens of sheet metal created including 3 specimens using only laser and 9 specimens using Laser-TIG hybrid technology while varying magnitude of current (I=20 A, 40 A a 60 A). Welds created this way were evaluated by tensile test and strength limits compared. Then metalografic survey was carried out examining macro and microstructure. Results of metalografic survey were confronted with Vickers hardness test.
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Kachlíř, Jaromír. "Využití hybridní technologie Laser-TIG pro svařování bórem dopovaných vysokopevnostních ocelí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402499.
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This thesis deals with the usage of arc preheating for welding high strength boron enhanced steel 22MnB5 using hybrid technology known as laserTIG and also its impact on the final weld compared to welds welded by only the laser or the arc method. During the experiment I welded five sheets of the above mentioned steel 1,3 or 1,9 milimeters wide. Except for the welds fabricated by the laser and the TIG method was the only variable the electric current of the arc (I = 20, 40, or 60 A). Welds welded this way were compared based on strength limits measured by the tensile tests. Additionally were they compared according to the metalographic survey and the progress of weld hardness, calculated using the Vickers hardness test.
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Kutil, Petr. "Studium plasticity svaru hlubokotažných plechů svařených technologií Laser-TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443205.
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This thesis is focused on laser welding and hybrid laser-TIG welding. The first part contains a brief theoretical description of these technologies. Standard quality and plasticity tests of welded joint are also mentioned. The second, experimental part, centres on the study of plasticity of tailored blanks (made of different types of HSLA steel), that are welded with laser and laser-TIG technology. The aim of the thesis is to assess process parameters effect on weld suitability for following deep drawning operation. Based on the calculated and measured figures obtained from the experiment, the most suitable welding parameters were chosen.
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Catarino, Jonny Max [UNESP]. "Influência do desbalanceamento da onda retangular na liga de alumínio 6063-T6 soldada pelo processo TIG-CA." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132497.
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000853552.pdf: 2536743 bytes, checksum: 042c95e032f6ae0f89e4b73fc75c6c2e (MD5)A soldabilidade das ligas de alumínio é altamente influenciada pela natureza de correntes de soldagem, podendo esta interferir significativamente na qualidade a ser alcançada. O uso da corrente alternada em onda retangular no processo de soldagem TIG, permite inúmeras possibilidades tais como, flexibilidadeem alterar a frequencia da onda, amplitude da corrente positiva bem com o negativa, além dos tenpos de atuação da polaridade positiva e negativa do eletrodo para o mesmo ciclo de onda. A configuração selecionada tem efeito determinante no perfil e na propriedade final do cordão de solda. O uso da corrente alternada na soldagem das ligas de alumínio é amplamente utilizado e tem como finalidade, promover a limpeza da camada superficial do óxido Al2O3, enquanto promove a penetração da junta. Na literatura é comum encontrar afirmações que limpeza da camada de Al2O3 na soldagem está ligada ao tempo positivo do ciclo de onda, e a penetração está ligada ao tempo negativo do ciclo de onda. Para a pequisa proposta realizou-se a soldagem TIG-CA da liga de alumínio AA 6063-T6, por simples deposição sobre chapa com onda retangular, impondo-se variações tanto na corrente de soldagem como no tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo no ciclo na onda. As correntes de soldagem utilizadas foram 100 A, 120 A e 140 A. A condição inicial em termos de balanceamento foi de 50% do tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva em um período de onda de 20 ms, seguido do desbalanceamento para 32,5% e 15% de tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo, mantendo a frequência constante em 50 Hz para todas as configurações. Foi observado que o desbalanceamento de onda interfere diretamente no resultado final dos cordões de solda. Os resultados para as configurações selecionadas mostram que a diminuição do tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo no ciclo de onda promove redução de penetração e da...
The weldability of the aluminum alloys is highly influenced by the weld current nature; it could interfere significantly on the desirable quality. The use of alternated current on the TiG welding processes, promote innumerous possibilities like, flexibilities on the change the wave frequency, positive current amplitude as the negative current amplitude, furthermore the actuations time of positive and negative polarity of electrode in the same wave cycle. The selected configuration has the important effect on the final properties on the weld bead. The use of alternated current on the aluminum alloys welding are largely used and has the finally, to promote the superficial oxide layer cleaning Al2O3, in the same time that it promote the weld penetration. On the literature is very common to find the affirmatives where the oxide layer cleaning of Al2O3 on the welding is linked on the positive time on the wave cycle, and the penetration is linked at the negative time for the same wave cycle. For this proposal research was realized the TIG-CA welding on the AA 6063-T6 aluminum alloys, by a bead-on-plate with the square wave, induced by weld current variations as the acting time of positive polarity of the electrode on the wave cycle. The weld current applied were 100 A, 120 A and 140 A. The initial conditions utilized was a balanced on 50% of acting time of positive polarity in the wave period in a 20 ms, followed by a unbalance of 32,5% and 15% of the actuation time of positive polarity in the electrode, keeping the unaltered frequency on 50 Hz for all configurations. Was observed that the unbalanced wave interfere direct on the final result of weld bead. The results for the selected configurations shows that decreasing the actuations time of electrode positive polarity on the wave cycle promote the reducations of death and wide on the weld bead. The obtained micrographia for a different actuations time of positive polarity shows that the...
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Catarino, Jonny Max. "Influência do desbalanceamento da onda retangular na liga de alumínio 6063-T6 soldada pelo processo TIG-CA /." Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132497.
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Orientador: Eduardo Carlos BianchiCo-orientador: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento Gonçalves
Banca: Omar Maluf
Banca: Yukio Kobayashi
O Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi
Resumo: A soldabilidade das ligas de alumínio é altamente influenciada pela natureza de correntes de soldagem, podendo esta interferir significativamente na qualidade a ser alcançada. O uso da corrente alternada em onda retangular no processo de soldagem TIG, permite inúmeras possibilidades tais como, flexibilidadeem alterar a frequencia da onda, amplitude da corrente positiva bem com o negativa, além dos tenpos de atuação da polaridade positiva e negativa do eletrodo para o mesmo ciclo de onda. A configuração selecionada tem efeito determinante no perfil e na propriedade final do cordão de solda. O uso da corrente alternada na soldagem das ligas de alumínio é amplamente utilizado e tem como finalidade, promover a limpeza da camada superficial do óxido Al2O3, enquanto promove a penetração da junta. Na literatura é comum encontrar afirmações que limpeza da camada de Al2O3 na soldagem está ligada ao tempo positivo do ciclo de onda, e a penetração está ligada ao tempo negativo do ciclo de onda. Para a pequisa proposta realizou-se a soldagem TIG-CA da liga de alumínio AA 6063-T6, por simples deposição sobre chapa com onda retangular, impondo-se variações tanto na corrente de soldagem como no tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo no ciclo na onda. As correntes de soldagem utilizadas foram 100 A, 120 A e 140 A. A condição inicial em termos de balanceamento foi de 50% do tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva em um período de onda de 20 ms, seguido do desbalanceamento para 32,5% e 15% de tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo, mantendo a frequência constante em 50 Hz para todas as configurações. Foi observado que o desbalanceamento de onda interfere diretamente no resultado final dos cordões de solda. Os resultados para as configurações selecionadas mostram que a diminuição do tempo de atuação da polaridade positiva do eletrodo no ciclo de onda promove redução de penetração e da...
Abstract: The weldability of the aluminum alloys is highly influenced by the weld current nature; it could interfere significantly on the desirable quality. The use of alternated current on the TiG welding processes, promote innumerous possibilities like, flexibilities on the change the wave frequency, positive current amplitude as the negative current amplitude, furthermore the actuations time of positive and negative polarity of electrode in the same wave cycle. The selected configuration has the important effect on the final properties on the weld bead. The use of alternated current on the aluminum alloys welding are largely used and has the finally, to promote the superficial oxide layer cleaning Al2O3, in the same time that it promote the weld penetration. On the literature is very common to find the affirmatives where the oxide layer cleaning of Al2O3 on the welding is linked on the positive time on the wave cycle, and the penetration is linked at the negative time for the same wave cycle. For this proposal research was realized the TIG-CA welding on the AA 6063-T6 aluminum alloys, by a bead-on-plate with the square wave, induced by weld current variations as the acting time of positive polarity of the electrode on the wave cycle. The weld current applied were 100 A, 120 A and 140 A. The initial conditions utilized was a balanced on 50% of acting time of positive polarity in the wave period in a 20 ms, followed by a unbalance of 32,5% and 15% of the actuation time of positive polarity in the electrode, keeping the unaltered frequency on 50 Hz for all configurations. Was observed that the unbalanced wave interfere direct on the final result of weld bead. The results for the selected configurations shows that decreasing the actuations time of electrode positive polarity on the wave cycle promote the reducations of death and wide on the weld bead. The obtained micrographia for a different actuations time of positive polarity shows that the...
Mestre
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Novotný, Jan. "Svařování martenzitické korozivzdorné oceli pomocí hybridní technologie Laser - TIG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417122.
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Theoretical part of this thesis includes overview of laser welding technology and possible combinations with arc welding methods for meeting desired properties of the weld. It also explains mechanical testing and metallographic examination on welds. The experimental part deals with optimisation of process parameters during welding of martensitic stainless steel, used in energetic industry using hybrid laser - TIG technology in regard of mechanical properties of the weld, its structure and proposal of technological parameters.
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Koudadje, Koffi. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique du bain de fusion en soudage TIG d'aciers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4747/document.
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Grâce à la qualité des cordons de soudure produits, le soudage TIG est l’un des procédés de soudage à l’arc les plus répandus dans l’industrie nucléaire. Au cours des travaux de cette thèse, nous proposons un modèle physique pour la simulation numérique du bain de fusion en soudage TIG d’aciers inoxydables austénitiques avec des teneurs en éléments tensioactifs différentes. L’objectif du modèle développé est de prédire la morphologie et les dimensions du cordon de soudure ainsi que les contraintes thermiques résultantes dans les pièces soudées en fonction des paramètres opératoires du procédé mais aussi en fonction des teneurs en éléments tensioactifs des métaux assemblés. Pour ce faire, les équations de la thermohydraulique sont couplées à celles de l’électromagnétisme et sont résolues en se basant sur le module « électrique » de Code_Saturne. Ce modèle a été vérifié dans un premier temps sur des configurations de soudage de matériaux homogènes avant d’être confronté à la simulation du soudage de matériaux de teneurs en éléments tensioactifs différentes. Des simulations des essais expérimentaux correspondants ont été réalisées et comparées aux mesures. La démarche adoptée a consisté à étudier les effets thermo-capillaires de manière découplée des effets électromagnétiques à partir d’essais de soudage laser en mode conduction. Les résultats de la confrontation des résultats numériques aux mesures expérimentaux démontrent que le modèle reproduit globalement bien la physique du procédé. Les limitations de notre modèle et les phénomènes qu’elle a permis de mettre en évidence ont été discutés et ont permis de proposer des pistes d’amélioration pour la modélisationThe high quality of the weld bead makes GTA welding one of the most used welding processes in the nuclear industry. During this work, a physical model is proposed to simulate the weld pool during the GTA welding of stainless steels with different concentrations of surface active elements. This model aims to predict the weld bead shape, its geometrical characteristics and the thermal field induced by the process according to the operating parameters but also as a function of the surface active elements concentrations of welded metals.Based on the “electric” module of Code_Saturne®, the set of solved equations includes both fluid dynamics equations and electromagnetic ones. Before applying the model to the simulation of welding of stainless steels with different concentrations of surface active elements, this model has been studied through configurations of homogenous materials welding. Experiments are carried out and are compared to the corresponding simulations. In the approach used in this study, the thermo-capillary effects are studied separately from electromagnetic ones using conduction mode laser beam welding. The agreement obtained from comparative analysis between experimental results and numerical ones shows good reproduction of the process physics by the model developed. The modeling limitations and the phenomena identified by this study are discussed and orientations for future development are defined
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Šurýn, Michal. "Svařování rámů dveří pekařských pecí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228633.
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This thesis made in the frame of my engineer studies is focused on technologic process of welding the door-case of bakery ovens. The project will suggest and rate used based material and then the choice of filler material, methods, welding characteristics and welding procedure. At the conclusion of the thesis is brief economical analysis.
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Rodrigues, Juliana Aparecida. "Estudo da soldabilidade entre o aço austenítico alto manganês de efeito TRIP com o aço microligado ARBL pelo processo de soldagem TIG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-16102014-152401/.
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Tendo em vista a tendência mundial de se buscar a diminuição de peso de estruturas metálicas de veículos, o desenvolvimento de aços de resistência mecânica superior apresenta-se como um importante fator para a competitividade e sustentabilidade da indústria brasileira, além da segurança do usuário. No setor automobilístico, as reduções no peso e no consumo de combustível requerem não somente a pesquisa de novos aços, mas também a utilização de componentes híbridos, resultantes, entre outros, da união entre os aços austeníticos inovadores de alta liga e baixo custo (TRIP) e aços ferríticos comerciais (ARBL). Na presente dissertação foram investigadas as propriedades mecânicas microestruturais, antes e após o processo de soldagem TIG, dos aços TRIP e ARBL utilizados pela indústria automotiva. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar possíveis estruturas e modificações nas propriedades das juntas soldadas de acordo com parâmetros de soldagem pré-determinados. Primeiramente, verificaram-se as extensões da zona termicamente afetada dos corpos de prova soldados. Os perfis de microdureza indicaram que não houve uma alteração significativa de dureza na zona termicamente afetada do aço de efeito TRIP, enquanto que para o aço ARBL observa-se um considerável aumento. Os limites de escoamento determinados pelos ensaios de tração realizados permitiram a obtenção dos níveis de resistência mecânica das juntas soldadas. Através dos ensaios de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia ótica foi possível observar a influência do aporte térmico na zona termicamente afetada do aço ARBL. A análise de EDX nas juntas dissimilares permitiu observar a presença de zonas parcialmente diluídas na zona fundida do lado do metal de base ARBL, a caracterização da composição química nas interfaces entre os metais de base e o metal de solda e prever a microestrutura destas regiões. As fases presentes nos metais de base e na zona fundida foram caracterizadas também pela difração de raios x. Por meio da estereologia quantitativa caracterizou-se as fases presentes na zona fundida e determinou-se suas proporções em função do aporte térmico.In view of the global trend of searching for the weight reduction of metal frames in vehicles, the development of superior mechanical resistance steels presents itself as an important factor for the competitiveness and sustainability of the Brazilian industry, as well as to user safety. In the automotive industry, the reductions in vehicle weight and fuel consumption not only require research of new types of steel but also the use of hybrid components, which result, amongst other things, between the union of austenitic innovative high alloy and low cost (TRIP) with commercial ferritic steels (HSLA). This dissertation analyses the microstructural mechanical properties before and after the TIG welding process, the TRIP steel, and HSLA used by the automotive industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate possible phase changes in steel structures and transformation in the properties of the welded joints according to pre-determined welding parameters by analyzing extensions of the heat-affected and melted zones of welded specimens. The micro hardness profiles showed no significant changes in hardness in the heat affected HSLA steel, while the TRIP steel showed considerable increase. Additionally, the yield point determined by the traction tests performed, allowed the obtainment of the mechanical resistance levels of the welded joints. Through the tests of scanning electron and optical microscopy was observed the influence of heat input on heat affected zone of HSLA steel. EDX analysis allowed us to observe the presence of molten zones partially diluted in the side of the base metal HSLA, characterization of the chemical composition at the interface of the base metal and weld metal and predicting the microstructure in these regions. The phases present in the base metal and weld zone were characterized too by x-ray diffraction. By quantitative stereology characterized by the phases present in the weld zone and their proportions were determined as a function of heat input.
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Debs, Martin. "Studium vlastností laserových svarů materiálu Hardox 450 při využití obloukového předehřevu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379020.
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In this thesis is studied the influence of arc TIG preheating during laser welding of 2 mm Hardox 450 material sheets. This material achieves its good mechanical properties by processes of heat treatment. That causes problems during welding because of heat degradation. Experimental sheets were welded within various configurations of welding parameters and positions of TIG nozzle. Testing specimens were cut out by laser and were used for tension testing, Vickers hardness testing and metallographical testing (macro and microstructure). The results of using the second heat source are: wider heat affected zone, smoother transitions among its zones, reduction of toughness and hardness, finer grain structure and occurring ferritic microstructure. This hybrid technology, combination of laser welding and TIG preheating, is very productive creating joints with greatly good quality. The thesis also contains a comparison with common MAG welding method.
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Průža, Štěpán. "Svařování palivových filtrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228068.
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PRŮŽA Štěpán: Welding of fuel filters. This project, worked out in within engineering studies, branch M2307 – 02 Manufacturing technology, submits suggestions for decreasing of scrap during production – mechanized welding of fuel filters made out of aluminum EN AW – Al 99,5 using WIG/TIG methods. The theory is focused on arc welding issue. Verification of possible influences on the weld joints was tested during following experiments: top cover misalignment against the body of the filter, top cover deformation, gas flow, welding parameters setup, welding area purity, mechanization propositions. Evaluations of experiments – recommendation for elimination and prevention of bad quality weld joints. Key words: Welding, aluminum EN AW – AL 99,5, WIG/TIG method, weld’s joints defects, experiment, evaluation.
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Barros, Isabel Ferreira de. "Dissimilar welding of ferritic stainless steel AISI 444 and AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel through the autogenous TIG process using pulsed current." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14072.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThe use of stainless steels has intensified with the industrial demand growing, which extends its application for various sectors such as the oil and gas, desalination equipment in industry, sugar industry, among others. In that context, the use of ferritic stainless steels has grown in recent years on account of its excellent relationship between corrosion resistance and cost, and a great option in substitution of austenitic stainless steels. Intending to study the connection of dissimilar stainless steels by means of a welding process, this paper will lay the submit the ferritic stainless steel AISI 444 and AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel with TIG welding autogenous (without filler metal) with pulsed current. That union seeks to get a fused zone with better mechanical properties together with the correction of possible related to welding those steels problems, such as grain growth in ferritic steels, to which its refinement is possible through the use of pulsed current during the procedure. The choice of these two materials was based on the characteristics of each one separately for they possess closest properties, despite having different classifications, allowing the combined use of both, and thus ferritic act in order to partially replace the austenitic stainless steel in situations where the combination of high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength are not relevant. That action combined, and does not affect the characteristics of the set of negative way is to use lower cost benefit, because the presence of nickel austenitic stainless steels by more expensive finishes them. Thus, it is expected to provide, through this work, further deepening the respect of dissimilar welding between stainless steel AISI 444 ferritic and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L, evaluating operational parameters such as the pulse of current and heat input on obtained microstructure and mechanical properties.
A utilizaÃÃo dos aÃos inoxidÃveis tem se intensificado juntamente com a crescente demanda industrial, em que sua aplicaÃÃo se estende pelos mais variados setores, como por exemplo, na indÃstria de petrÃleo e gÃs, em equipamentos de dessalinizaÃÃo, na indÃstria sucroalcooleira, entre outros. Neste contexto, o uso de aÃos inoxidÃveis ferrÃticos tem crescido nos Ãltimos anos devido a sua excelente relaÃÃo entre resistÃncia à corrosÃo e custo, sendo uma Ãtima opÃÃo em substituiÃÃo aos aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos. Objetivando estudar a uniÃo de aÃos inoxidÃveis dissimilares por meio de um processo de soldagem, o presente trabalho submeterà o aÃo inoxidÃvel ferrÃtico AISI 444 e o aÃo inoxidÃvel austenÃtico AISI 316L à soldagem TIG autÃgeno (sem metal de adiÃÃo) com corrente pulsada. Essa uniÃo visa obter uma zona fundida com melhores propriedades mecÃnicas juntamente com a correÃÃo dos possÃveis problemas relacionado à soldagem desses aÃos, como por exemplo, o crescimento de grÃo nos aÃos inoxidÃveis ferrÃticos, em que seu refinamento se torna possÃvel atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de corrente pulsada durante o procedimento. A escolha desses dois materiais baseou-se nas caracterÃsticas inerentes a cada um separadamente e tambÃm por possuÃrem propriedades muito prÃximas, apesar de possuÃrem classificaÃÃes diferentes, permitindo a utilizaÃÃo combinada de ambos e dessa forma o aÃo inoxidÃvel ferrÃtico atuarà de forma a substituir parcialmente o aÃo inoxidÃvel austenÃtico nas situaÃÃes em que a combinaÃÃo de elevada resistÃncia à corrosÃo e resistÃncia mecÃnica nÃo sÃo tÃo relevantes. Essa utilizaÃÃo combinada, alÃm de nÃo afetar as caracterÃsticas do conjunto de maneira negativa tem como benefÃcio reduzir custos, visto que a presenÃa de nÃquel nos aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos acaba por encarecÃ-los. Dessa forma, espera-se fornecer atravÃs deste trabalho um maior aprofundamento a respeito da soldagem dissimilar entre o aÃo inoxidÃvel ferrÃtico AISI 444 e o aÃo inoxidÃvel austenÃtico AISI 316L, avaliando os parÃmetros operacionais, como a pulsaÃÃo da corrente e a energia de soldagem sobre a microestrutura obtida, bem como as propriedades mecÃnicas.
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Kelča, Daniel. "Svařování tenkostěnných trubek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229355.
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KELČA Daniel: Welding of thin-walled pipe The project, elaborated during the engineering study, field of study M-VTM (Production technology and industrial management) deals with welding of thin-walled pipes Cats in practise. There are methods of WIG and microplasma welding compared. The suggested basic material is corrosion-resistant ferritic steel X2CrMoTi18-2 (1.4521; AISI 444). Welding runs continuously and depends on the demanded length of the thin-walled pipe. The tests of the weld were designed on the basis of a literary study. They should help us together with the economic evaluation to assess the two methods.
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Silva, Jeovan da. "Avaliação da resistência flexural entre diferentes métodos de soldagem: chama direta - TIG - Laser." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-13122007-140808/.
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A técnica de soldagem apresenta vantagem de união de partes metálicas que permite melhora na adaptação e uniformidade na distribuição das forças mastigatórias, minimizando falhas no tratamento reabilitador. O objetivo foi avaliar a resistência flexural entre três métodos de soldagem diferentes: Chama Direta a maçarico, método TIG - Tungstênio gás inerte (Soldadora NTY - Kernit, Brasil) e o método de solda a Laser (Soldadora Desktop - Dentaurum, Alemanha) comparando a um grupo controle (Monobloco). Os espécimes cilíndricos foram obtidos a partir de canais de cera pré-fabricados com 3mm de diâmetro e 30mm de comprimento, fundidos em liga de Ni-Cr e seccionados transversalmente, formando os grupos T1 e L1. Depois da secção, dez espécimes dos grupos L e T receberam chanfros em 45° para preenchimento, formando os grupos (L2 e T2). As extremidades foram unidas com resina acrílica obedecendo a uma distância pré-determinada, de 0,3mm para o grupo chama direta, 0,1mm para o grupo TIG e juntas do tipo topo a topo para o grupo laser. Os corpos foram incluídos e soldados de acordo com a proposição. Após a soldagem os corpos de prova foram torneados e levados ao teste de flexão. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos (ANOVA e Student-Newman-Keuls - p <0,05) para comparações múltiplas. De acordo com os resultados (MPa) o grupo M (1796,55) obteve o maior valor, seguindo pelo grupo C(1370,56), ficando o grupo T1(990,84) com o valor menor. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos soldados, existindo somente diferença entre os grupos de teste para o grupo controle em monobloco. No entanto podemos afirmar que o preenchimento parece influenciar discretamente os resultados da resistência flexural no grupo TIG. Conclui-se que o método TIG produz resultado semelhante ao laser e a chama direta, o que é clínica e operacionalmente importante.The welding technique presents advantage of union of metallic parts that improves the adaptation and appropriate distribution of the bite forces, minimizing flaws in the dental prostheses. The objective was to evaluate the flexural strength in different welding methods: Brazing; Laser (Welder Desktop - Dentaurum, Germany) and Tungsten inert gas - TIG (Welder NTY - Kernit, Brazil), comparing to a control group (non-welded). The cylindrical specimens were obtained from prefabricated wax conduits with 3mm of diameter and 30mm of length, melted in Ni-Cr alloys and split up transversally, forming the groups T1 and L1. After of the section the groups L and T received slices in 45° for fulfill, forming the groups (L2 and T2). The extremities were united with acrylic resin obeying a predetermined distance, from 0,3 mm to the brazing group, 0,1 mm to the TIG group, and in the laser group there wasn\' t any space between the extremities of jointing. The specimes were included and welding in agreement with the proposition, turned and conducted to the flexion test. The data were submitted to the statistical test (ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls - p<0,05) for multiple comparisons. According to the results (MPa) the control group (1796,55) obtained the largest average value, followed by the brazing group (1370,56), being the group T1(990,84) with the smallest value. In terms of statistics there was no difference between the groups with welding, existing only difference among the tested groups for the control group. However, we can affirm that the completion seems to influence the results of the resistance flexural discreetly in the TIG group. It can be concluded that the TIG method produces similar result to the laser and the brazing, what is clinical and important operationally.
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Angélico, Cristiano [UNESP]. "Soldagem TIG-AC onda retangular: efeitos da velocidade de soldagem sobre as propriedades mecânicas da Liga AA 6063-T6." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96488.
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Neste trabalho foram investigados os efeitos da velocidade de soldagem no comportamento mecânico em juntas da liga AA 6063-T6, soldadas pelo processo TIG-CA com onda retangular desbalanceada. Foram analisadas as características macroestruturais (diluição do metal de base e coeficiente de forma). O planejamento experimental contemplou a utilização de metal de adição (AWS ER 4043), chanfro em v (60º), e variações nos parâmetros de ajuste de onda retangular nominalmente: amplitude de corrente negativa e tempo de polaridade negativa do eletrodo. A análise microestrutural utilizou microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura em observações no metais de solda obtidos e correspondentes ZTA. A avaliação mecânica foi realizada por meio de ensaios de tração nas juntas soldadas e medidas de microdureza Vickers. Adicionalmente, foram medidas as temperaturas máximas alcançadas nas juntas durante a soldagem. Os resultados mostram alterações nos valores das diluições do metal de base e na configuração geométrica dos cordões, em função da variação na velocidade de soldagem. As microestruturas desenvolvidas nos meios de solda e ZTA não se diferenciaram significativamente e, por consequencia, o comportamento mecânico detectado foi similar em todas as condições de soldagem aplicadas
In this study were investigated the welding speed effects in the mechanical behavior in welded joints of AA 6063-T6 alloy, welded by TIG-CA process with retangular wave. Were analyzed characteristics macrostructural (base material dillution, width and depth) of the weld bead. The experimental planning used and addition metal (AA 4043 alloy), bevel type v (60º) and variations in the setting parameter of retangular wave called negative current amplitude and duration of negative electrode polarity. The microstructural analysis used optical microscopy and scanning electron microcopy observation in the weld metals and HAZ obtained. The mechanical evaluation was performed by a tensile test on welded joints and Vickers microhardness measurements. In addition, it was measure the maximum temperature reached in during welding. The results show market changes in the values of the dillutions tested and the geometric configuration of the weld beads, mainly due to the variation in the welding speed. The microstuctures developed in the weld meal and HAZ did not differ significantly and, consequently, the mechanical behavior detected was similar in all welding conditions applied
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Angélico, Cristiano. "Soldagem TIG-AC onda retangular : efeitos da velocidade de soldagem sobre as propriedades mecânicas da Liga AA 6063-T6 /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96488.
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Orientador: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento GonçalvesBanca: Sérgio Rodrigues Barra
Banca: Yukio Kobayashi
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram investigados os efeitos da velocidade de soldagem no comportamento mecânico em juntas da liga AA 6063-T6, soldadas pelo processo TIG-CA com onda retangular desbalanceada. Foram analisadas as características macroestruturais (diluição do metal de base e coeficiente de forma). O planejamento experimental contemplou a utilização de metal de adição (AWS ER 4043), chanfro em "v" (60º), e variações nos parâmetros de ajuste de onda retangular nominalmente: amplitude de corrente negativa e tempo de polaridade negativa do eletrodo. A análise microestrutural utilizou microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura em observações no metais de solda obtidos e correspondentes ZTA. A avaliação mecânica foi realizada por meio de ensaios de tração nas juntas soldadas e medidas de microdureza Vickers. Adicionalmente, foram medidas as temperaturas máximas alcançadas nas juntas durante a soldagem. Os resultados mostram alterações nos valores das diluições do metal de base e na configuração geométrica dos cordões, em função da variação na velocidade de soldagem. As microestruturas desenvolvidas nos meios de solda e ZTA não se diferenciaram significativamente e, por consequencia, o comportamento mecânico detectado foi similar em todas as condições de soldagem aplicadas
Abstract: In this study were investigated the welding speed effects in the mechanical behavior in welded joints of AA 6063-T6 alloy, welded by TIG-CA process with retangular wave. Were analyzed characteristics macrostructural (base material dillution, width and depth) of the weld bead. The experimental planning used and addition metal (AA 4043 alloy), bevel type "v" (60º) and variations in the setting parameter of retangular wave called "negative current amplitude and duration of negative electrode polarity". The microstructural analysis used optical microscopy and scanning electron microcopy observation in the weld metals and HAZ obtained. The mechanical evaluation was performed by a tensile test on welded joints and Vickers microhardness measurements. In addition, it was measure the maximum temperature reached in during welding. The results show market changes in the values of the dillutions tested and the geometric configuration of the weld beads, mainly due to the variation in the welding speed. The microstuctures developed in the weld meal and HAZ did not differ significantly and, consequently, the mechanical behavior detected was similar in all welding conditions applied
Mestre
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LIA, FOOK Nathália Cristina Morais. "Avaliação da resistência à corrosão em fios soldados de Ni-Ti para uso ortodôntico." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/287.
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Capes
As ligas de Ni-Ti têm possibilitado uma melhoria em muitos projetos tradicionais de engenharia e das áreas médicas e ortodônticas, com suas propriedades únicas de superelasticidade e efeito de memória de forma. Nas últimas décadas, as pesquisas e análises para aplicações destas ligas se tornaram cada vez mais específicas, para estudos sobre micro e nano atuadores visando aplicações em dispositivos médicos e ortodônticos e em microssistemas eletromecânicos. Assim, os processos de soldagem se tornaram importantes aliados, promovendo a união entre atuadores de liga de memória de forma (LMF) com semelhantes e dissemelhantes, uma forma de aumentar as aplicações úteis de materiais disponíveis, principalmente como biomateriais. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral a avaliação da resistência à corrosão em uma região de solda obtida por microssoldagem TIG autógena em fios de Ni-Ti superelásticos com fios de Ni-Ti termoativados em solução que simula a saliva humana. Os fios soldados também passaram por um tratamento térmico feito com base em um planejamento fatorial 3². A caracterização dos fios íntegros e soldados (com e sem tratamento térmico) foi realizada utilizando ensaios de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e também quanto à resistência à corrosão. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o processo de soldagem TIG utilizado neste trabalho gerou juntas soldadas de excelente qualidade, apresentando uma boa resistência à corrosão no eletrólito que simula a saliva humana. O planejamento experimental utilizado para verificar a influência da temperatura e do tempo do tratamento térmico nos resultados de corrosão gerou um experimento ótimo com temperatura de 350°C e um tempo no intervalo de 20 a 40 minutos. Estes resultados foram confirmados através dos ensaios de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica.
The Ni-Ti alloys have enabled the improvement in many projects from the traditional engineering and from the medical and orthodontic areas with their unique properties of superelasticity and shape memory effect. In recent decades, researches and analysis for applying these alloys have become increasingly more specific, tending to studies on micro and nano actuators targeting applications in medical and orthodontic devices and in electromechanical microsystems. Thus, the welding processes have become important allies by promoting the union between shape memory alloy actuators (SMA) with similar and dissimilar ones, which is one way of increasing the useful applications of available materials, especially biomaterials. In this context, this study aimed at analyzing the corrosion resistance in the weld region obtained by autogenous TIG micro welding in Ni-Ti superelastic wires with thermo-active Ni-Ti wires in a solution that simulates human saliva. The welded wires also Soldiers wires also undergone heat treatment made based on a factorial design 3. The characterization of the original and welded wires (with and without heat treatment) was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests and also regarding its resistance to corrosion. The results revealed that the TIG welding process used in this work generated welds of excellent quality, showing a good resistance to corrosion in the electrolyte that simulates human saliva. The experimental design used to investigate the influence of temperature and time of heat treatment in corrosion results generated a great experiment with temperature of 350 °C and time in the range of 20 to 40 minutes. These results were confirmed by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests.
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Dušek, Vojtěch. "Svařování potrubí z korozivzdorné oceli a titanu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318698.
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This master's thesis deals with the selection and evaluation of the appropriate welding technology for stainless steel and titanium alloys. Describes advantages and disadvantages of selected technologies. The experiment compares the mechanical properties, the heat input and the resulting surface structure of the welded samples. In conclusion, the thesis deals with the technical - economic evaluation of selected welding technologies.
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Frölund, Henrik. "Manual TIG welding of Fe10Cr4Al+RE: overlay on an austenitic substrate and butt weld using alumina forming austenite consumable." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279448.
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Kocák, Tibor. "Predpříprava a svařování tlakových hliníkových potrubí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318704.
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The project is an analysis of technology production of pressure pipes made of aluminum alloys. The basis is a literary study of TIG technology, aluminum heat-tretable and non-heat-treatable materials. The flange-material is EN AW 5083 and the pipe is made of EN AW 6005A. The design of the welding is compromise between the preparation, the cleaning of the welding edges and the weld metal backing strip. Weld was made in real production. Examined impacts are evaluated on the basis of destructive and non-destructive welding test methods. After heating process of weldment material exhibits better mechanical properties. Using the economical and technological evaluation were selected sutiable proces parameters. The result is a suitable weld of the pressure vessel. Further optimization is possible through automation and robotics.
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Renaux, Thibault. "Caractérisation des alliages d'aluminium après refusion in situ : application au soudage." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c3a15612-7d6a-4552-9cc9-178ac3e95441.
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Les domaines d’application du soudage à l’arc électrique sous protection gazeuse des alliages d’aluminium se sont diversifiés en particulier dans le secteur des industries du transport. Les effets des paramètres opératoires restent cependant à parfaire tant leur détermination expérimentale demeure incomplète. Cette étude porte sur le développement d’un protocole expérimental et numérique apte à reproduire les conditions d’élaboration d’un joint soudé. La complémentarité de ces deux aspects permet l’interprétation à l’échelle locale et globale des phénomènes constatés. L’essai, qui s’appuie sur les différents tests à chaud développés au laboratoire, est complété par un dispositif restituant des vitesses de refroidissement comparables à celles observées en soudage. Les caractéristiques mécaniques en traction des alliages étudiés sont déterminées par méthode inverse et implantées au sein de la représentation éléments finis de l’essai. L’objectif des présents travaux est de répondre aux problèmes liés au mode d’élaboration du joint et d’aborder les effets du bridage en cours de refroidissement. Les résultats sont étayés par l’approche numérique. Les influences des paramètres de préparation, du flux protecteur et du préchauffage sont quantifiées en comparaison d’un assemblage obtenu sous conditions normales. Des pièces non préchauffées ou insuffisamment décapées dans les zones à assembler, pénalisent la résistance en traction du joint soudé. La résistance mécanique de l’assemblage est exprimée en fonction des variations de la vitesse de chauffage et du temps de maintien à fusion de l’apport. L’analyse de ces deux facteurs révèle qu’ils ne sont pas déterminants quant à l’optimisation de la tenue du joint soudé. Cette résistance est en effet davantage affectée par le mode de refroidissement de l’assemblage et peut être améliorée par élévation du débit de projection d’argon refroidi. Les effets du bridage sont chiffrés en comparaison des contraintes internes globales des assemblages. Ils participent majoritairement à l’évolution des contraintes internes observées lors du refroidissementAluminium alloys arc welding under gas protection diversified in particular for transport industries applications. The effects of welding parameters could be achieved so much experimental determination remains incomplete. This study deals with the development of an experimental and numerical protocol able to reproduce the processing conditions of the welded joint. The complementarity of these two aspects allows interpretation to local and global scale of the noted phenomena. The test, based on various hot trials developed in the laboratory, is supplemented by a device restoring cooling speeds comparable with those observed in welding. The tensile mechanical characteristics of the studied alloys are determined by reverse method and implemented within the finite elements representation of the test. The objective of present works is to answer to the problems linked on the processing mode of the joint and to approach the clamping effects during cooling. The results are braced by the numerical approach. The influences of the parameters of preparation, protective flow and pre-heating are quantified in glance of an assembly obtained under normal conditions. Not preheated specimens, or not pickled surfaces, penalize the tensile strength of the welded joint. Mechanical strength of the assembly is expressed according to the variations of the heating rate and of the holding period to weld metal melting. The analysis of these two aspects reveals that they aren’t determining as for the optimization of the strength of the welded joint. This strength is indeed more affected by the cooling mode and can be improved by rising the cooled argon flow. Clamping effects are quantified to comparison of the global internal stresses of assemblies. They take part mainly in the evolution of internal stresses observed during cooling
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Sampaio, Carlos Antonio Freire. "Avaliação comparativa de propriedades geradas pelos processos de soldagem TIG e brasagem em uma liga odontológica à base de Ni-Cr." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=945.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar, por meio de teste de microdureza e técnicas de caracterização metalúrgica, que inclui a metalografia, microscopia óptica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia por dispersão de energia (energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS), propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas de juntas soldadas pelos métodos TIG e brasagem em uma liga odontológica à base de Ni-Cr (FIT-CAST SB). As regiões estudadas em cada amostra foram o metal de base (MB), a zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e a zona de fusão (ZF). Foram confeccionados 40 corpos-de-prova cilíndricos, em forma de bastão, com 2,5mm de diâmetro e 18,0mm de comprimento, obtidos apartir de fundição odontológica por centrifugação (técnica da cera perdida). Foram separados vinte cilindros para cada técnica, que após a soldagem formaram grupos de dez amostras para cada procedimento. A microestrutura do MB apresentou-se como uma matriz de uma solução sólida à base de Ni-Cr contendo um típico arranjo dendrítico de estrutura eutética. A liga apresentou precipitados metálicos na região interdendrítica da estrutura eutética. A análise química semi-quantitativa obtida através da técnica de EDS apresentou resultados compatíveis com a composição química quantitativa fornecida pelo fabricante da liga. Na brasagem, o MB e a ZF apresentaram microestruturas distintas. A ZF apresentou uma morfologia dendrítica grosseira com a presença de precipitados e porosidades. A análise química semiquantitativa por EDS da ZF mostrou-se bastante semelhante aos resultados obtidos para o MB. Nos corpos de prova unidos pelo processo de brasagem, a média de microdureza Vickers para o MB, a ZTA e a ZF foram respectivamente 83,501, 87,782 e 127,520. A análise estatística t-Student revelou diferenças significativas entre as regiões MB e ZF. No processo TIG, a microestrutura da ZF apresentou aspecto semelhante a do MB, porém, com o arranjo dendrítico mais refinado. A análise química semiquantitativa por EDS da ZF apresentou resultados semelhantes aos obtidos para o MB. Os corpos de prova apresentaram média de microdureza Vickers para o MB, a ZTA e a ZF respectivamente de: 74,607, 71,649 e 75,409. A análise estatística t-Student não revelou diferenças significativas entre as regiões analisadas. De acordo com a metodologia aplicada neste estudo e apartir da análise estatística dos dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: o processo de união por brasagem gerou diferenças microestruturais e de microdureza Vickers entre a ZF e o MB; nas juntas soldadas pelo método TIG, os ensaios de microdureza Vickers revelaram uniformidade no comportamento mecânico entre a ZF, a ZTA e o MB; o processo de soldagem TIG gerou uma microestrutura bem semelhante entre a ZF e o MB e acarretou naquela apenas um arranjo dendrítico de estrutura eutética mais refinado; a análise química por EDS revelou que não houve variação de composição química significativa entre o MB e a ZF das juntas soldadas por ambos os métodos.The purpose of this study was to compare, by means of microhardness testing and metallurgical characterization techniques as metallography, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), mechanical and metallurgical properties of welded joints by TIG and brazing methods in a dental alloy based on Ni-Cr (FIT-CAST SB). The studied regions in each sample were the base metal (MB), the heat affected zone (ZTA) and the fusion zone (ZF). Forty cylindrical bodies-of-proof, stick-shaped, with 2.5mm diameter and 18.0mm in length were made from dental casting by centrifugation (lost wax technique). Twenty cylinders were used for each technique, which formed, after the welding, groups of ten samples for each procedure. The microstructure of the MB is presented as a matrix of a solid solution based on Ni-Cr with a typical dendritic arrangement of eutectic structure. The alloy presented metallic precipitates in the interdendritic region of the eutectic structure. The semiquantitative chemical analysis obtained by EDS technique showed results consistent with the quantitative chemical composition provided by the alloy manufacturer. In the brazing method, the MB and ZF showed different microstructures. The ZF showed a rough dendritic morphology with the presence of precipitates and porosities. The semiquantitative chemical analysis by EDS of the ZF had very similar results to those obtained for the MB. In the bodies-of-proof joined by the brazing process, the average Vickers microhardness for the MB, ZTA and ZF were respectively 83.501, 87.782 and 127.520. The t-Student statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the MB and ZF regions. In the TIG process, the microstructure of ZF presented similar aspect to the MB, but with a more refined dendritic arrangement. The semiquantitative chemical analysis by EDS of ZF presented similar results to those obtained for the MB. The bodies-of-proof had an average Vickers microhardness of the MB, ZTA and ZF respectively: 74.607, 71.649 and 75.409. The t-Student statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the studied regions. According to the methodology applied in this study and from the statistical analysis of the obtained data, we can conclude that the process of union by brazing created microstructural and Vickers microhardness differences between the ZF and MB; in welded joints by the TIG method, the Vickers microhardness tests showed uniformity in the mechanical behavior among the ZF, ZTA and MB; the TIG welding process generated a very similar microstructure between the ZF and MB and made on that just a dendritic arrangement of more refined eutectic structure; the EDS chemical analysis revealed that there was no significant change in the chemical composition between the MB and ZF of welded joints by both methods.