Journal articles: 'TIG welding'

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Yang, Xiao Hong, Yong Lun Song, Guo Wei Ran, and Tian Jiao Xiao. "Finite Element Simulation of the Residual Stresses in Butt Weld Plate of Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1801.

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Finite element simulation is utilized in an aluminum alloy 2014 butt weld with the three kinds of welding processes, namely the filler wire Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, the laser welding and laser-TIG hybrid welding. The simulated results are in good agreement with the weld cross sections for the TIG and the laser welding, and basically in agreement with that for the laser-TIG hybrid welding using the actual welding parameters. Furthermore, the simulated results shown that the longitudinal residual stresses after welding are the largest for the laser welding and the laser-TIG hybrid welding, the maximum of which are approximate to 300MPa and are 1.2 times of that for the TIG welding. However, the residual stresses would be relatively decreased by backing molten with TIG welding and preheating before welding; the maximum longitudinal residual stresses for the laser welding and the laser-TIG hybrid welding could be decreased remarkably by about 50%.

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Sahoo, Ajitav, and Sasmeeta Tripathy. "Improvement in Depth of Weld Penetration During TIG, Activated-TIG, and Pulsed TIG Welding." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2021040105.

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Joining of dissimilar materials has gained a lot of interest in the recent years due to the increased demand of high strength and light weight designs. Fusion welding plays a vital role in repairing and manufacturing industries like automobile, construction, ship building, and energy sector. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is more advantageous over other welding processes as it produces high precision welds with aesthetic appearance. The limitation of the process is shallow penetration, distorted and weaker joint formation, and low productivity. In the present work, a critical review and analysis has been done on weld penetration and its enhancement during TIG, activated flux TIG, and pulsed current TIG welding of steels. The purpose of this review is to raise an insight about using the variants of TIG, minimising the energy consumption and heat affected zone while increasing the weld penetration and productivity. Proper selection of welding parameters along with welding speed, electrode diameter, shielding gas, electrode tip angle, arc gap, and flux greatly increase the weld penetration.

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Casanueva, Rosario, Francisco Azcondo, Francisco Díaz, and Christian Brañas. "TIG Welding Machines." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 17, no. 5 (September 2011): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2010.939654.

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Liang, Guo Li, Shao Qiang Yuan, Guang Tao Zhou, Xiao Dong Sun, and Yu Mang. "Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Hybrid Laser-TIG Welding Temperature Field Analysis of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.837.

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In this particular work, the moving Gauss heat source model based on the gas tungsten arc welding and a new heat source model based on the laser-TIG hybrid welding were developed by the finite element analysis according to the physical characteristic of the TIG welding and the laser-TIG hybrid welding, Taking into account the advice of parameter modification, the modeling was respectively carried out by the single TIG and the laser-TIG hybrid welding for AZ31B magnesium alloy. The welding temperature field and the weld cross-section geometry were simulated separately with regard to dependence on the single TIG and the laser-TIG hybrid welding. Comparing the experimentally measured value with simulated value of the weld section geometry, the simulated and the experimentally determined weld section geometry by the single TIG welding and the hybrid welding showed a good agreement, at the same time, the microstructures of the joint were also discussed respectively.

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Yin, Yan, Jin Guo Ta, Rui Hua Zhang, and Zhan Chong Wang. "A Study of Laser Aided Activating TIG Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.117.

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Laser aided activating TIG welding was called LA-TIG. At first, the surface of weld was melted by the mini power laser protected by oxygen, and then the conventional TIG was used to cover the weld, which achieved the target of the weld with deeper penetration and narrower width. In this article, the weld bead morphology, arc images, microstructures and mechanical properties of laser aided activating TIG welding joint were analyzed. The results shows that the penetration increased significantly, excellent weld appearance and finger shape penetration were gained by laser aided activating TIG welding. It was found that the arc images of the LA-TIG was only the enlarged form compared with which observed in the conventional TIG and the arc constriction was also observed. LA-TIG weld exhibits better mechanical properties than the conventional TIG welding. Thus laser aided activating TIG welding was developed as a novel active welding method.

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Kusano, K., and H. Watanabe. "Recent trends in development of high‐efficiency TIG welding; high‐deposition TIG welding and ultranarrow‐gap TIG welding." Welding International 16, no. 12 (January 2002): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110209549651.

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Deep, Akash, Vivek Singh, Som Ashutosh, M. Chandrasekaran, and Dixit Patel. "Performance of weld bead profile during A-TIG welding on nitrogen alloyed stainless steel." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 045024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac3770.

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Abstract Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is widely fabricated by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for aesthetic look and superior mechanical properties while compared to other arc welding process. Hitherto, the limitation of this process is low depth of penetration and less productivity. To overcome this problem activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding process is employed as an alternative. In this investigation the welding performance of conventional TIG welding is compared with A-TIG process using TiO2 and SiO2 flux with respect to weld bead geometry. The experimental investigation on A-TIG welding of ASS-201 grade shows TiO2 flux helps in achieve higher penetration as compared to SiO2 flux. While welding with SiO2 the hardness in HAZ and weld region higher than that of TIG welding process.

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Wang, Yan. "Research on Metallurgical Structure and Hardness of LY12 Aluminum Alloy Weld Zone under TIG and A-TIG." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1366.

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This paper studied and framed TIG and A-TIG welding procedure of LY12 aluminum alloy and analyzed the metallurgical structure and hardness of weld zone of TIG and A-TIG under different welding current. The result showed the strengthening phase which separated out from the basal body of TIG weld zone was obviously fewer than A-TIG and the strengthening phase of TIG obviously decreased when welding current increased. Compared with TIG weld zone, surface activating flux changed the metallurgical structure of A-TIG weld zone and the strengthening phase of A-TIG weld zone was more than TIG. The strengthening phase of A-TIG weld zone did not obviously decreased when welding current increased that implied the strengthening phase of A-TIG did not obviously dissolve into the basal body as TIG and only coarsened with the increase of welding current. The hardness experiment of weld zone showed that the hardness of A-TIG weld zone was higher than TIG and the hardness of 60%NaF+40%SiO2 activating flux of A-TIG weld zone was higher than 40%NaF+60%SiO2 activating flux.

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Li, Hui, and Jiasheng Zou. "Study of 2219 aluminum alloy using direct current A-TIG welding." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921744043x.

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Direct current A-TIG (DCEN A-TIG) welding using special active agent had eliminated the pores and the oxidation of 2219 high-strength aluminum alloy in welding. Addition of AlF3–25% LiF active agent to DCEN A-TIG welding and arc morphology showed a trailing phenomenon. However, the change in arc morphology was not remarkable when AlF3–75% LiF active agent was added. Addition of AlF3–75% LiF active agent can refine the grain size of DCEN A-TIG joint. The mechanical properties of the weld were optimal at 10% AlF3–75% LiF active agent. Compared with AC TIG and AC A-TIG welding, DCEN A-TIG welding yielded better results for 2219 Al alloy.

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Sivakumar, J., Karthik Babu N.B, M. P. Mohanraj, E. Hariharan, and M. Ranjithkumar. "A New Perception of Activated Flux Tungsten Inert Gas (A-TIG) Welding Techniques for Various Materials." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 5 (January 30, 2022): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6770.0110522.

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Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) is more stable and allows for more precise control than most other arc welding processes. TIG welding is desired in the aerospace sector when thin parts have been welded with accuracy. However, when welding thick sections, autogenous TIG welding is not commonly recommended due to the limited depth of penetration required. It is in effective for joining the thick parts in a particular pass. Welding with activated flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) enhances weld penetration by four times in a single pass. This process will improve penetration depth, depth/width ratio and also, minimize angular distortion and residual stresses. A-TIG is the topic of investigation among researchers due to its deep penetration capacity. Properties of A-TIG welding in diverse materials was investigated in this study which also discusses the mechanisms, varied forces like lorentz force, buoyancy force, shear stress prompted by plasma jet, shear stress prompted by surface tension gradient, reverse marangoni force and aerodynamic drag force induced in the weld pool. The impact of activated fluxes on various materials of A-TIG weld was also investigated in this study. Recent advancements in TIG welding methods were also explored. According to the findings, A-TIG welding improves weld penetration significantly, but there is a lot of slug on the weld surface. This constraint can be addressed by using new versions of the A-TIG welding progression, such as flux bounded and the flux zone.

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Wu, Dan, Yong Su, and Rong Peng Qiu. "The Application of Orthogonal Experiment in Development of Activating Flux for TIG Welding." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.182.

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Conversional TIG welding has low penetration and productivity. Recently, activating flux for TIG welding has received more and more attention. The paper has developed activating flux for TIG welding by means of orthogonal experience. The activating flux developed by orthogonal experience can penetrate austenite stainless steel butt plate in thickness of 8mm once and away which is three times the one of common TIG welding in the same welding parameter.

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Park, Jung Hyun, Muralimohan Cheepu, and Sang Myung Cho. "Analysis and Characterization of the Weld Pool and Bead Geometry of Inconel 625 Super-TIG Welds." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030365.

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The welding market is changing globally, becoming eco-friendly, robotized and automated. The tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) process is indispensable in industries that require high-quality welds with the absence of spatter and fumes. However, the production rate of TIG welding is very low, which limits its many applications. The present study introduces a novel TIG welding method called super-TIG welding. Super-TIG welding is able to produce a high production rate of welds compared to other fusion welding methods. In super-TIG welding, the novel C-type filler is used, which is different from the conventional TIG welding of circular wire. The relations of the heat input ratio in super-TIG welding to weld pool length and weld bead geometry were measured using the Inconel 625 C-filler. Two types of deposition techniques were used for a bead-on-plate welds, such as stringer beads and oscillation beads. The weld pool and bead geometry measurements are found to be different between stringer beads and oscillation bead techniques. The length of the molten pool and bead size were higher for oscillation beads over the stringer beads. These changes were associated with the difference in heat transfer contact area and bead height.

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Prasad, Shaji Krishna, Andy Mathiazhagan, and Pallichakkalayil Sasidharan Krishnadas. "Effect of Manual and Automatic Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Using Single Component Fluxes on Stainless Steel AISI-304." Journal of Ship Production and Design 36, no. 01 (February 1, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2020.36.1.78.

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The study compared the effects of manual activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding and automated A-TIG welding on AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute)- 304 at three different values of current using commercially available powders of Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, MgCl2, and TiO2 separately as activated flux and distilled water as carrier solvent. The effect of fluxes on the depth of penetration of the weldments, width of weldment, microstructure of the weldment, and microhardness of the weldment was investigated. Reverse Marangoni convection and arc constriction are found to be more effective in A-TIG manual welding, as aspect ratio obtained by A-TIG manual welding is greater as than that of automatic A-TIG welding. Microstructure of both the manual and automatic A-TIG-welded specimen is similar with no noticeable differences and almost same amount of intermetallic phases and carbon precipitates. Microhardness tests revealed that for Al2O3 and TiO2 fluxes, manual A-TIG-welded specimen have lower values of microhardness at weldment, heat-affected zone, and base metal than automated A-TIG-welded specimen. The aim of the study is to implement the manual A-TIG process in shipbuilding industry to improve the productivity of welding as automated A-TIG welding in the industry has limitations.

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Thomas, Manuel, Raghu V. Prakash, S. Ganesh Sundara Raman, and M. Vasudevan. "High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Studies in Stainless Steel 316L(N) Welds Processed by A-TIG and MP-TIG Welding." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 21014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816521014.

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Welded stainless steel components used in power plants and chemical industries are subjected to mechanical load cycles at elevated temperatures which result in early fatigue failures. The presence of weld makes the component to be liable to failure in view of residual stresses at the weld region or in the neighboring heat affected zone apart from weld defects. Austenitic stainless steels are often welded using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process. In case of single pass welding, there is a reduced weld penetration which results in a low depth-to-width ratio of weld bead). If the number of passes is increased (Multi-Pass TIG welding), it results in weld distortion and subsequent residual stress generation. The activated flux TIG welding, a variant of TIG welding developed by E.O. Paton Institute, is found to reduce the limitation of conventional TIG welding, resulting in a higher depth of penetration using a single pass, reduced weld distortion and higher welding speeds. This paper presents the fatigue crack growth rate characteristics at 823 K temperature in type 316LN stainless steel plates joined by conventional multi-pass TIG (MP-TIG) and Activated TIG (A-TIG) welding process. Fatigue tests were conducted to characterize the crack growth rates of base metal, HAZ and Weld Metal for A-TIG and MP-TIG configurations. Micro structural evaluation of 316LN base metal suggests a primary austenite phase, whereas, A-TIG weld joints show an equiaxed grain distribution along the weld center and complete penetration during welding (Fig. 1). MP-TIG microstructure shows a highly inhomogeneous microstructure, with grain orientation changing along the interface of each pass. This results in tortuous crack growth in case of MP-TIG welded specimens. Scanning electron microscopy studies have helped to better understand the fatigue crack propagation modes during high temperature testing.

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Moon, Kyung Man, Yun Hae Kim, and Myung Hoon Lee. "Difference of Corrosion Characteristics of the Welding Zone between Laser and TIG Welding." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.899.

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Two kinds of welding methods were performed on 22APU stainless steel: laser welding and TIG welding. In this case, the differences of the corrosion characteristics of the welded zones between the two welding methods mentioned above were investigated with electrochemical methods such as the measurement of corrosion potential, polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, etc. The Vickers hardness of all welded zones (WM:Weld Metal, HAZ:Heat-Affected Zone, BM:Base Metal) was relatively higher for the laser welding than for the TIG welding. Furthermore, the laser welding method’s corrosion current densities in all welding zones were also observed to have a lower value compared to TIG welding. In particular, the corrosion current density of BM, regardless of the welding method, was the lowest value among all other welding zones. Intergranular corrosion was not observed at the corroded surface of all laser-welded welding zones; however, it was observed at the TIG-welded WM and HAZ welding zones, which suggests that chromium depletion due to the formation of chromium carbide occurs on the WM and HAZ which are in the range of sensitization temperatures, therefore the zones can easily be corroded with a more active anode. Consequently, we can see that corrosion resistance of all welding zones of 22APU stainless steel may be improved by the use of laser welding. Keywords: Laser welding, TIG welding, Corrosion potential, Weld metal, Heat affected zone, Polarization curves, Chromium depletion1.Introduction In recent years, use of austenitic stainless steel, which has a high corrosion resistance, has been increasing due to the development of industries, such as atomic energy, aerospace, petro chemical, etc. When stainless steel was welded for numerous kinds of structures, intergranular corrosion would often be observed at the area surrounding the welding zone due to chromium depletion; in addition, there are numerous papers which have investigated both general corrosion and intergranular corrosion[1-6]. However, there are few experimental results on the effect of corrosion control at the welding zones when laser or TIG welding are used for the purpose of constructing heat exchangers with 22 APU stainless steel. Although laser welding is more expensive than TIG welding, laser welding is often used instead of TIG welding for the production of heat exchangers. Consequently, it has been suggested that, from a long-term point of view, laser welding is more economic than TIG welding. In this study, when TIG and laser welding are performed on the stainless steel, the differences of the corrosion characteristics in the welding zone was investigated with electrochemical methods. The experimental results are therefore expected to provide useful reference data for the appreciation of mechanical and corrosion characteristics in the welding zones.

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Nguyen, Tien Duong. "Study and Fabrication of Virtual TIG Welding Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.288.

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The green technology is applied in training welders by using simulation equipment. The virtual tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) equipment permits of reducing the cost of welding practice training by saving on materials, electricity. It does not cause the environmental pollution. It is not harmful to welding learners. This paper studies on the permissible range of technological and technical parameters of TIG welding process. This is basis to develop the software in order to evaluate learners on virtual TIG welding equipment. These are foundations to manufacture the virtual TIG welding equipment. This equipment allows welding learners to practice the basic operations and skills as on real TIG welding machine, including the techniques of striking the arc, restarting the arc, maintenance of arc length, controlling of torch angle, filler rod angle, the operations of torch move, filler rod move,... with different welds and different positions

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Haikal, Haikal, Moch Chamim, Deni Andriyansyah, Emanuel Budi Raharjo, Ario Sunar Baskoro, and Isnarno Isnarno. "Effect of Magnetic Field Induce Arc in Autogenous TIG Welding of 304 Stainless Steel Butt Joint." Automotive Experiences 4, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.4199.

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This paper reports the use of External Magnetic Field-Tungsten Inert Gas (EMF-TIG) method in butt joint applications to determine the effect of welding arc compression on the quality of butt joint of SS 304 thin plate was reported. The welding process was performed without using filler or autogenous welds. The external magnetic field was generated by placing a magnetic solenoid around the TIG welding torch. The results of this study showed that EMF-TIG welding can produce a more uniform bead width along the weld line compare with conventional TIG. Moreover, the D/W ratio obtained under external magnetic field was higher than without magnetic. However, the tensile strength of butt joint decreased with EMF-TIG because there is constriction in arc welding which produces shrinkage weld pool volume. In addition, high welding speeds result in a decrease in the tensile strength of both conventional TIG and EMF-TIG welds.

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French, Richard, Hector Merin-Reyes, and Will Yeadon. "A Feasibility Study Comparing Two Commercial TIG Welding Machines for Deep Penetration." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926901004.

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Developing a deep penetration TIG welding technique to produce welds of equal quality to the industrial standard practise of laser-based welding techniques has the potential to lower production complexity and cost. Higher currents levels are required to increase penetration depth in conventional TIG welding but this results in excessive weld bead width amongst other detrimental effects. However, through K-TIG and A-TIG techniques these detrimental effects can be circumnavigated. Prior experimental work on weld pool dynamics in conventional TIG welding in higher current regions has been sparse as TIG welding enhanced through novel techniques provides the best quality welds. This paper is an early feasibility study for novel deep penetration welding techniques motivated by observations made during research done at The University of Sheffield where unexpected activity in the weld pool was identified during TIG welding with a VBC IE500DHC between 300A – 1000A. This current range is labelled the ‘Red Region’. Understanding the fluid dynamics of the molten metal in the weld pool at the ‘ Red Region' current level will help in the creation of novel techniques for deep penetration TIG welding. Addressing this, this paper compares the quality of welds produced between 100A and 200A on 316 Stainless Steel by two industrially leading welding machines; the Miller Dynasty 350 and the VBCie 500DHC.

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Sen, Murat, and Mustafa Kurt. "Laser and TIG welding of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts." Materials Testing 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2165.

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Abstract Electron beam melting (EBM) is a powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) technology for small and medium-sized Ti-6Al-4V components. In this study, EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V tensile specimens were joined using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and laser beam welding (LBW) to form large-scale components. Weld morphology, defects, mechanical properties, and microstructure of joints made by LBW and TIG welding were compared. It was found that the pore sensitivity of EBMed Ti-6Al-4V is extremely high. In EBM, the most common defect is pores, but this has been ignored as parts are broken at welding zone. Large pores are distributed along the edge of the weld in TIG welding, whereas in laser welding they are distributed at top of the weld. LBW has a much smaller grain size in the weld center than TIG welding. The TIG welded sample has more heat at the weld boundary. Mechanical properties of TIG welded parts were superior to laser welded parts. The main reason for this is that the weld cross section is larger than the center. In addition, in the microstructure examination of TIG welding, it was observed that the weld had fewer defects than laser welding. Also, the elongation of all specimens is very low.

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TANAKA, Manabu. "Arcs and TIG Welding." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 77, no. 2 (2008): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.77.152.

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Yi, Yao Yong, Guan Hui Liu, Yu Peng Zhang, Zi Yi Luo, and Lei Xu. "Study on A-TIG Welding Technology for 12 mm Thick 304 Stainless Steel Plate." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.337.

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A-TIG welding is a new variant of high-efficiency TIG weld technology, the weld penetration can be improved by using surface activating fluxes. In the present work, 12 mm thick stainless steel plates were welded by A-TIG method utilizing self-developed oxide-based composite activating flux. Results showed that for 12 mm thick stainless steel plates, weld joint of full penetration and one-side welding with back formation and good weld appearance could be achieved by A-TIG welding. Furthermore, compared with traditional TIG welding, the microstructure of A-TIG weld was finer, directivity of dendritic crystals near weld bond line was weaker, and mechanical properties of weld joints was also superior.

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Zhou, Ze Jie, and Zhi Chao Huang. "Experimental Research of Activating Fluxes in A-TIG Welding of 5052 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2058.

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AC A-TIG welding on 5052 aluminum alloy was investigated. The single component of oxide TiO2, SiO2, Cr2O3, V2O5 and halide CaF2 was served as activating fluxes to study the effect on weld penetration and weld forming. The experimental results show that weld penetration can be increased and welding productivity can be improved in A-TIG welding. Activating fluxes, especially TiO2 and SiO2, have more significant effect on weld penetration than conventional TIG welding, moreover the better weld shape formed after coating activating flux is obtained, weld width has slight decrease that makes HAZ of A-TIG welding smaller.

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Dai, Jun, Jian Huang, Zhu Guo Li, and Jie Dong. "Laser Hybrid Welding Processing of Mg-Rare Earth Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2367.

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The welding processing of Mg-rare earth alloy NZ30K was studied using laser-TIG hybrid welding. For comparison the NZ30K alloy was also welded by the gas tungsten arc (TIG) and laser beam respectively. The microstructure of the welded joints had been analyzed. The hybrid welding method could refine the grains in the fusion and improve the tensile strength of the welded joints obviously. The arc plasma and the laser-induced plasma during welding were recorded by a high speed camera and the area of the plasma was calculated through image processing technology. Among the three welding processes the plasma area of the hybrid welding is the largest, but not a simple addition of the TIG welding and laser welding. The results show that Mg-rare earth alloy NZ30K can be well joined using the laser-TIG hybrid welding method.

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Tseng, Kuang Hung, Yung Chang Chen, and Kuan Lung Chen. "Cr₂O₃ Flux Assisted TIG Welding of Type 316L Stainless Steel Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2592.

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An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cr2O3 flux used in tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding on the weld morphology, retained ferrite content, welding residual stress, and hot cracking susceptibility when welding 5 mm thick type 316L stainless steel plates. The results showed that Cr2O3 flux assisted TIG welding can create a high depth-to-width ratio weld. Since the activated TIG welding can reduce the heat input per unit length in welds, and the residual stress of the weldment can be reduced. TIG welding with Cr2O3 flux can increase the retained ferrite content of stainless steel 316L weld metal and, in consequence, the hot cracking susceptibility is reduced.

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Baisukhan, Adirek, Wasawat Nakkiew, and Nuttachat Wisittipanit. "Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process Parameters for AISI 304 Stainless Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 417 (June 28, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p6v0i6.

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Tungsten Inert Gas welding process (TIG) has been widely used in industries. A robotic arm has been adopted in the industry with objectives to replace or efficiently improved some severe welding conditions where it is dangerous for human and to increase productivity and quality. This research is aimed to find the optimal conditions of TIG welding process on AISI 304 stainless steel. The design of experiments used a statistical method to determine the optimal TIG welding conditions providing the strongest tensile strength across the weldment. The fractional factorial experimental design and then the central composite design were used as a response surface method to find the optimal TIG welding conditions for AISI 304 stainless steel using robotics system. The statistically significant factors and their optimal values are the welding current (136 Ampere), welding speed (13 cm/min), wire feed rate (93 cm/min), and the arc gap (2.5 mm). After that, the residual stress caused by TIG welding at the optimal condition was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results showed that the weldment obtained from the optimal welding conditions provides compressive residual stresses which cause the materials to be stronger.

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Lukinenko, Anna, Sviatoslav Motrunich, Darko Bajić, Vasily Kuleshov, Anatolii Pokliatskyi, and Tetiana Labur. "Noise level assessment and mechanical properties of welded joints of aluminium alloys of the Al-Cu-Li system in FSW and TIG welding." FME Transactions 49, no. 1 (2021): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2101220l.

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This research paper presents hardness, structure and tensile strength analysis of 1460 alloy of Al-Cu-Li system, welded joints made by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Characteristics of acoustic noise at the welding operator workplace during mechanized TIG and FSW of aluminium-lithium alloy with the purpose to develop recommendations for the improvement of health and safety during welding processes were studied. Analyzing results, we concluded that during TIG welding the values of welding noise at the workplace, are much higher than the admissible noise level limit. Results showed that the values of the welding nose reach 95 dB. The noise level at the workplace for FSW is also dangerous and reaches up a value of 84.3 dB. Also, this paper presents hardness, structure, and tensile strength measurements of 1460 alloy welded joints made by TIG and FSW welding.

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OGUNDIMU, EMMANUEL O., ESTHER T. AKINLABI, and MUTIU F. ERINOSHO. "STUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL JOINTS BY TIG–MIG HYBRID WELDING." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 01 (January 2018): 1850042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500427.

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Stainless steel is a family of Fe-based alloys having excellent resistance to corrosion and as such has been used imperatively for kitchen utensils, transportation, building constructions and much more. This paper presents the work conducted on the material characterizations of a tungsten inert gas (TIG)–metal inert gas (MIG) hybrid welded joint of type 304 austenitic stainless steel. The welding processes were conducted in three phases. The phases of welding employed are MIG welding using a current of 170[Formula: see text]A, TIG welding using a current of 190[Formula: see text]A, and a hybrid TIG–MIG welding with currents of 190/170[Formula: see text]A, respectively. The MIG, TIG, and hybrid TIG–MIG weldments were characterized with incomplete penetration, full penetration and excess penetration of weld. Intergranular austenite was created toward transition and heat affected zones. The thickness of the delta ferrite ([Formula: see text]-Fe) formed in the microstructures of the TIG weld is more than the thickness emerged in the microstructures of MIG and hybrid TIG–MIG welds. A TIG–MIG hybrid weld of specimen welded at the currents of 190/170[Formula: see text]A has the highest ultimate tensile strength value and percentage elongation of 397.72[Formula: see text]MPa and 35.7%. The TIG–MIG hybrid welding can be recommended for high-tech industrial applications such as nuclear, aircraft, food processing, and automobile industry.

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Gorshkova, O. О. "TIG WELDING TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 2 2022 (2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.39033.

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Kumaresan, Aditya, Akash Sundar, Ashwin Annamalai, Gautam Ramesh, Sekar Chandaragiri Baskar, Damodaram Ramachandran, and Koteswara Rao Sajja Rama. "Effect of welding current on properties of activated gas tungsten arc super duplex stainless steel welds." Materials Testing 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2213.

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Abstract A comparative evaluation of the influence of welding current on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (ATIG) welding on the depth of penetration and microstructure properties was performed. Various super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) beads on plate weld joints were studied. Visual observation showed that lower welding current resulted in partial weld penetration in the case of both TIG and ATIG weldments. Weld joints obtained by the ATIG process have a higher depth of penetration and depth/width ratios than weld joints obtained in the conventional TIG process at comparatively lower welding currents. Further, microstructural characterizations were performed using optical microscopy. The weld zone microstructure consists of grain boundary austenite (GBA), widmanstätten austenite (WA) and intragranular austenite (IGA). Ferrite percentage in bulk material and each weldment was measured using ferrite scope. The TIG-welded heat affected zone (HAZ) joints showed higher ferrite content than activated flux TIG-welded HAZ joints for various welding current conditions. Ferrite content measured in the weld-zone, HAZ and base material was within the ranges of the standard values. The TIG weld zone showed higher hardness than that of the ATIG weld zone.

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Bhattacharya, Tathagata, Asish Bandyopadhyay, and Pradip Kumar Pal. "A Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Profiles and Cooling Rates of ERW Pipes during TIG Welding." Journal for Manufacturing Science & Production 13, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2013-0012.

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AbstractThe present investigation deals with the determination of temperature profile and subsequent cooling rates of certain points on the external surface of an ERW pipe with the help of ANSYS Finite Element Modeling and Analysis method, under simulated TIG welding conditions. A TIG welding condition for an ERW pipe is first simulated through ANSYS Finite Element Modeling. The physical and material properties along with the dimensions and size of the ERW pipe are all included in the modeling part. The TIG welding arc is simulated as a point heat source of a given power traversing the periphery of the pipe surface during welding. In the ANSYS program, after modeling the TIG welding problem, the same is run in the post – processing analysis part to get the temperature profile along the external surface of the pipe at various time intervals from the start of the welding. The rate of cooling of a few particular nodes on the modeled pipe surface, from the start of welding to the completion of one welding pass is also studied and results are indicated in graphical form. Later, these cooling rates on the modeled pipe surface are compared with those of an exactly similar ERW pipe, physically welded by TIG welding method in the workshop under similar welding conditions and welding parameters.

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Popa, George, Dana Cristina Bratu, Maria Cristina Bortun, Vlad Florin Vinatu, Ioan Both, catalin-Petru Simon, Silvia-Izabella Pop, and Angela CodruȚa Podariu. "Tensile and Shear Breaking Force of the Joints Between Stainless-Steel Orthodontic Bands and Buccal Tube Attachments Joined by Laser and TIG Welding Without Filler Material." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5255.

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Orthodontic appliances usually require the joining of different stainless-steel parts in order to achieve adequate control over tooth movement during the active treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the tensile and shear breaking force of the joints between forty orthodontic bands and forty attachments (buccal tubes), joined by laser and TIG welding, without filler material. For the laser welding technique, we used an XXS Laser (OROTIG) welding unit and for the TIG welding technique, a PUK D2 (LAMPERT) welding unit. The tensile and shear breaking force of the welded joints was determined using the Z010 Zwick/Roell testing machine. The independent-samples t-test showed statistically significant differences between the laser and TIG groups for both the tensile and the shear breaking force tests, the laser welded samples having better mechanical strength than the TIG welded samples. For practical use, under normal loading forces, both techniques are suitable for this particular application in orthodontics. In patients with parafunctional habits, that could develop higher bite forces, the failure of the welded joints might occur if the welding surface is not increased, especially for the TIG welding technique.

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Cai, Yangchuan, Zhen Luo, Zunyue Huang, and Yida Zeng. "Influence of Oxides on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel Weld Joint." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 10 (November 1, 2016): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0151.

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AbstractA comprehensive investigation was conducted into the effect of oxides on penetrations, microstructures and mechanical properties of BS700MC super steel weld bead. Boron oxide changed the penetration of weld bead by changing the Marangoni convection in the weld pool and contracting the welding arc. Chromium oxide only changed the Marangoni convection in the weld pool to increase the penetration of super steel. Thus, the super steel weld bead has higher penetration coated with flux boron oxide than that coated with chromium oxide. In other words, the activating flux TIG (A-TIG) welding with flux boron oxide has less welding heat input than the A-TIG welding with flux chromium oxide. As a result, on the one hand, there existed more fine and homogeneous acicular ferrites in the microstructure of welding heat-affected zone when the super steel was welded by A-TIG with flux boron oxide. Thus, the weld beads have higher value of low-temperature impact toughness. On the other hand, the softening degree of welding heat-affected zone, welded by A-TIG with flux boron oxide, will be decreased for the minimum value of welding heat input.

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Song, Gang, Li Ming Liu, Mingsheng Chi, and Ji Feng Wang. "Investigations on Laser-TIG Hybrid Welding of Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.371.

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This paper presents results of recent investigations on the weldability of several wrought (AZ31, AZ61) and cast magnesium-based alloys (AZ91) by laser-TIG welding process. The investigations showed that magnesium alloys can be easily welded by laser-TIG welding. The grain of the fusion zone was finer than that of in base metal. The width of the heat-affected zone welded by laser-TIG welding process was obviously narrower than that of welded by TIG. Besides, with the Al content of magnesium alloys increasing, the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was increased，as well as the content of β phase(Mg17Al12). The hardness in the fusion zone (FZ) and in HAZ of AZ61 and AZ91 has a large change to the base metal due to the existing of β phase, while no change relative for AZ31. It results from above discussing that laser-TIG welding is an excellent welding process for magnesium alloys.

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Rakesh, N., and K. Rameshkumar. "Activated flux induced Tungsten inert gas welding of Ferrous alloys - A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2272, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2272/1/012020.

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Abstract Ferrous alloys are employed in a range of fields, including aerospace, construction, automobiles and chemical processing. One of the most used welding processes for the fusion of ferrous metals is gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. Due to the lower amount of penetration accomplished using only one pass, welding is less frequent in some industrial situations. Fluxes have been discovered to improve the penetration depth of GTA welding, resulting in increased productivity. The research on Activated flux induced TIG (A-TIG) welding of ferrous alloys is discussed in this publication. The effect of fluxes during TIG welding, the effect of weld parameters on weld morphology, and the usage of fluxes in dissimilar welds of ferrous alloys are all discussed in this study. The mechanisms involved in enhancement of penetration depth, the types of fluxes used, the effect of fluxes on mechanical properties and microstructures are discussed. The study also gives an insight on areas less explored.

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Han, Yu, Ji Chen, Haijun Ma, Xinyu Zhao, Chuansong Wu, and Jinqiang Gao. "Numerical Simulation of Arc and Droplet Behaviors in TIG-MIG Hybrid Welding." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204520.

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Tungsten inert gas-metal inert gas hybrid welding (TIG-MIG) combines the advantages of tungsten and metal inert gas welding. It can efficiently produce high-quality weld joints that meet modern manufacturing quality and efficiency requirements. Based on heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and electromagnetic theory, a three-dimensional coupled transient model of arc-droplet interactions in TIG-MIG hybrid welding was established. In this study, the temperature field, flow field, electromagnetic force, pressure, and current density parameters were analyzed in the arc space. The results show that introducing TIG welding has a significant impact on MIG welding.

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KANEMARU, Shuhei. "TIG-MIG Hybrid Welding Process." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 82, no. 3 (2013): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.82.163.

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Sonar, Tushar, Visvalingam Balasubramanian, Sudersanan Malarvizhi, Thiruvenkatam Venkateswaran, and Dhenuvakonda Sivakumar. "Optimization of CA-TIG welding parameters to predict and maximize tensile properties of super alloy 718 sheets for gas turbine applications." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, no. 5 (January 11, 2022): 806–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2020-0218.

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Purpose The primary objective of this investigation is to optimize the constricted arc tungsten inert gas (CA-TIG) welding parameters specifically welding current (WC), arc constriction current (ACC), ACC frequency (ACCF) and CA traverse speed to maximize the tensile properties of thin Inconel 718 sheets (2 mm thick) using a statistical technique of response surface methodology and desirability function for gas turbine engine applications. Design/methodology/approach The four factor – five level central composite design (4 × 5 – CCD) matrix pertaining to the minimum number of experiments was chosen in this investigation for designing the experimental matrix. The techniques of numerical and graphical optimization were used to find the optimal conditions of CA-TIG welding parameters. Findings The thin sheets of Inconel 718 (2 mm thick) can be welded successfully using CA-TIG welding process without any defects. The joints welded using optimized conditions of CA-TIG welding parameters showed maximum of 99.20%, 94.45% and 73.5% of base metal tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Originality/value The joints made using optimized CA-TIG welding parameters disclosed 99.20% joint efficiency which is comparatively 20%–30% superior than conventional TIG welding process and comparable to costly electron beam welding and laser beam welding processes. The parametric mathematical equations were designed to predict the tensile properties of Inconel 718 joints accurately with a confidence level of 95% and less than 4.5% error. The mathematical relationships were also developed to predict the tensile properties of joints from the grain size (secondary dendritic arm spacing-SDAS) of fusion zone microstructure.

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Rocha, Rick, Antônio Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro, and Antonio Balbin Villaverde. "Flexural strength of pure Ti, Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys submitted to Nd:YAG laser or TIG welding." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000100005.

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Welding of metals and alloys is important to Dentistry for fabrication of dental prostheses. Several methods of soldering metals and alloys are currently used. The purpose of this study was to assess, using the flexural strength testing, the efficacy of two processes Nd:YAG laser and TIG (tungsten inert gas) for welding of pure Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys. Sixty cylindrical specimens were prepared (20 of each material), bisected and welded using different techniques. Four groups were formed (n=15). I: Nd:YAG laser welding; II- Nd:YAG laser welding using a filling material; III- TIG welding and IV (control): no welding (intact specimens). The specimens were tested in flexural strength and the results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. There was significant differences (p<0.001) among the non-welded materials, the Co-Cr alloy being the most resistant to deflection. Comparing the welding processes, significant differences (p<0.001) where found between TIG and laser welding and also between laser alone and laser plus filling material. In conclusion, TIG welding yielded higher flexural strength means than Nd:YAG laser welding for the tested Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys.

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Brytan, Z., and J. Niagaj. "Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of TIG and A-TIG Welded Joints of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel S82441 / 1.4662." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0131.

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Abstract This paper presents results of pitting corrosion resistance of TIG (autogenous and with filler metal) and A-TIG welded lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 evaluated according to ASTM G48 method, where autogenous TIG welding process was applied using different amounts of heat input and shielding gases like pure Ar and Ar+N2 and Ar+He mixtures. The results of pitting corrosion resistance of the welded joints of lean duplex stainless steel S82441 were studied in as weld conditions and after different mechanical surface finish treatments. The results of the critical pitting temperature (CPT) determined according to ASTM G48 at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C were presented. Three different surface treatment after welding were applied: etching, milling, brushing + etching. The influence of post weld surface treatment was studied in respect to the pitting corrosion resistance, basing on CPT temperature. Research on TIG welding of lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 showed a clear influence of the applied shielding gas mixtures, where the addition of 5 to 15% N2 to Ar virtually no effect on the level of resistance to pitting corrosion, only 5% N2 addition has a positive effect, while use of a mixture of 50% Ar + 50% He compared with welding at 100% Ar atmosphere, can significantly reduce the resistance to pitting corrosion. Definite good results were obtained during TIG welding with the participation of activation flux (A-TIG). The weld surface of lean duplex stainless S82441/1.4662 obtained in A-TIG welding without the addition of filler metal has a much lower tendency to pitting corrosion than traditional welds made by TIG method. Pitting corrosion resistance of welds made by A-TIG improved with the increase of the heat input in the tested range of welding current 100-200 A. It was also found that the intensity of the occurrence of pitting does not affect the method of cleaning welds after welding, but the mechanical removal of a thin surface layer of metal significantly reduces their intensity.

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Wang, Yan. "Research on Welding Deformation of Thick Plate Duralumin Alloy under A-TIG." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.421.

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Using A-TIG to welding thick plate duralumin alloy and designing rationally welding processing for Y groove butt plates welding of duralumin alloy. Using repeated measurements of dot to get transverse and vertical welding deformation under different current of A-TIG after welding. This paper analyzed the influence of different current on welding deformation and the features of A-TIG welding deformation. The result showed that transverse deformation was the uniformity along weld direction but was not uniform along weld vertical direction. Transverse deformation was larger when it was nearer to weld. Vertical deformation of middle position of weld was smaller than the part of arc starting and arc suppression. The result also showed that the deformation increased as the current increased.

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Bao, Liang Liang, Yong Wang, and Tao Han. "Microstructure and Properties of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32101 Welded Joint by Hot Wire TIG Welding." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.466.

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Lean duplex stainless steel UNS S32101 was welded by hot wire TIG welding and traditional TIG welding, and nice formed welds with no visible defects were obtained. Metallographic microstructure, phase ratio, mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance property of the welded joints were tested. Microstructure analysis showed that the hot wire TIG and traditional TIG welded joints had similar microstructures. The welded metal was composed of ferrite, grain boundary austenite (GBA), Widmanstatten austenite (WA), intragranular austenite (IGA). The high temperature heat affected zone (HTHAZ) consisted of ferrite, GBA and IGA. The low temperature heat affected zone (LTHAZ) had semblable microstructures with base metal. The phase ratio of welded joints was measured by manual point count method. The ferrite/austenite ratio of hot wire TIG welded metal was close to 1:1. The welded joints of hot wire TIG and traditional TIG had same hardness distribution. The hardness of hot wire TIG with an average value of 291 HV10 was a little higher than that of traditional TIG with an average value of 280 HV10. Charpy impact test at -40°C showed that the impact values of hot wire TIG and traditional TIG welded joints meet the standard requirements. The results of chemical weight loss method showed that the corrosion rate of hot wire TIG welded joint was less than 10 mdd. Potentiodynamic polarization method results showed that the pitting corrosion resistance of hot wire TIG welded joints was slightly lower than that of base metal. Solid solution treatment significantly increased the pitting corrosion resistance of welded joints and base metal. The hot wire TIG and traditional TIG had similar microstructure and properties under the same arc power, however the welding speed of hot wire TIG was 1.5 times higher than that of traditional TIG and the welding efficiency was greatly improved.

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Safta, Voicu Ioan, Gabriela Victoria Mnerie, Vasile Nagy, and Dumitru Mnerie. "Some Helpful Features of the Tig Welding Process Using High Frequency Pulsed Arc." Defect and Diffusion Forum 416 (May 27, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9rvfjw.

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Many of the features and advantages of TIG welding are well known. The paper presents in part the results of some experimental research using TIG welding with high frequency pulsed arc. A comparative study was performed between the application of TIG welding with high frequency pulsed arc technology and classical TIG welding, applied to achieve welded joints of stainless-steel parts. The conclusions are based both on the characteristics of the welding process (the hole main group of parameters) and the results of the applied non-destructive and destructive testing methods. Features like reduced deformations in the joint, low energy guaranteed ignition, wonderful focalization of the high current density arc, increased working speed and not the last, the special look of the welded plates recommends this procedure for some replacement possibilities for the expensive laser welding process. Aspects of improving the quality of welded joints are highlighted, given the low manufacturing costs.

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Pocica, Anna. "The Development of TIG Welding." Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa 2019, no. 3 (2019): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2019.3/7.

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B, Karthick, ArunKannan ., and Manojkumar S. "Pulsed TIG Welding – A Review." International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2019.07.

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Donath, V. "TIG welding with modular robots." Welding International 2, no. 3 (January 1988): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118809446541.

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Clark, S., J. Lucas, and A. B. Parker. "Seam tracker for TIG welding." IEE Proceedings D Control Theory and Applications 132, no. 4 (1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-d.1985.0030.

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Katoh, S. "Pulsed TIG welding of aluminium." Welding International 4, no. 12 (January 1990): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119009453028.

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Chauhan, Rudrang, Daulat Kumar Sharma, Bhavesh Rana, Jemish Bhayani, and Meet Borad. "Effect of Various Fluxes on Different Metals and Alloys in A-TIG Process: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(4)-02.

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Welding is the process of coalescence of two metals/alloys for creating a seamless joint, is a quintessential fabrication process utilised in almost every manufacturing sector. There is a range of welding processes that are used according to their features and the requirement of the fabricator. The tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process is an extensively used welding process owing to its inherent characteristics like high weld quality, surface cleanliness, and autogenous welding mode. Unfortunately, the TIG process suffers some drawbacks, the most pronounced one is the shallow weld bead and low depth of penetration (DOP). This renders the process unusable for welding thicker sections in a single pass and consequently requires multiple passes which adds to the expenditure. A modification to this process is the A-TIG welding where A stands for Activated, the method utilises activating flux material to augment the penetration depth and depth to width ratio (DWR) of the weld bead. The current work is comprehensive and focuses mainly on the basics of the A-TIG process, understanding of weld pool dynamics that are governing the depth of penetration, analysis of various flux materials for their effects on different metals/alloys and finally the outcomes fetched from using A-TIG process on different commercially important alloys.

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Kumar K., Vijaya, N. Ramanaiah, and N. Bhargava Rama Mohan Rao. "Analysis of Mechanical, Microstructural Properties and Weld Morphology of A-TIG Welded AH-36 Marine-Grade Steels with Oxide and Duplex Flux Coating." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 9101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.3.2021.22.0699.

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The current study investigates the metallurgical, mechanical properties and weld morphology of AH36 marine grade steel (with a thickness of 8 mm) by activated-tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) butt joints, with the application of different fluxes (MoO3, V2O5, and duplex of MoO3 and V2O5) at various process parameters. The welding speed was kept constant at 120 mm/min, and current varied from 160 A to 220 A uniformly to optimise process parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties, weld morphology, and lowest possible heat input. The study also focused on comparing tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness, heat input during welding, weld bead depth and width between conventional TIG welding and activated flux TIG welding processes at various operation parameters. Tensile results reported that fracture occurs at the base region in ordinary TIG welding and the activated tungsten inert gas welding process. It was noticed that a higher depth to width ratio attained MoO3 and V2O5 duplex flux coated weldments. There is evidence that the depth of weld joints is enhanced because of stable arc, Marangoni effect, and arc constriction. Microhardness results reported that the fusion zone has a higher microhardness in the activated tungsten inert gas welding than the ordinary TIG welding. It was concluded that out of all fluxes, MoO3 and V2O5 duplex flux coating produce better butt welds of AH36 steel.

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Moon, Kyung Man, Yun Hae Kim, Sung Jin Kim, Ji Hyeong Yoon, Youn Chang Lee, Syung Yul Lee, and Min Seok Oh. "Electrochemical Evaluation on the Corrosion Properties of Welding Zones of 304 Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1238.

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Two types of welding methods were performed on austenitic 304 stainless steel: laser welding and TIG welding. The differences of the corrosion characteristics of the welded zones from the two welding methods were investigated with electrochemical methods, such as measurement of the corrosion potential, polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, etc. The Vickers hardness of all laser-welded zones (WM:Weld Metal, HAZ:Heat-Affected Zone, BM:Base Metal) was relatively higher while their corrosion current densities exhibited a comparatively lower value than those which were TIG welded. In particular, the corrosion current density of the TIG-welded HAZ had the highest value among all other welding zones, which suggests that chromium depletion due to the formation of chromium carbide occurs in the HAZ, which is in the sensitization temperature range, thus it can easily be corroded with an active anode. Intergrenular corrosion was also observed at the TIG-welded HAZ and WM zones. Consequently, we can see that corrosion resistance of all austenitic 304 stainless steel welding zones can be improved via the use of laser welding.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TIG welding'

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