Journal articles: 'Tilapia – Diseases'

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Bian, Chao, Jia Li, Xueqiang Lin, Xiyang Chen, Yunhai Yi, Xinxin You, Yiping Zhang, Yunyun Lv, and Qiong Shi. "Whole Genome Sequencing of the Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) Provides a Valuable Genetic Resource for Biomedical Research on Tilapias." Marine Drugs 17, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070386.

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Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) has been an economically important fish in Asian countries. It can grow and reproduce in both freshwater and brackish water conditions, whereas it is also considered as a significant invasive species around the world. This species has been widely used as the hybridization parent(s) for tilapia breeding with a major aim to produce novel strains. However, available genomic resources are still limited for this important tilapia species. Here, we for the first time sequenced and assembled a draft genome for a seawater cultured blue tilapia (0.92 Gb), with 97.8% completeness and a scaffold N50 of 1.1 Mb, which suggests a relatively high quality of this genome assembly. We also predicted 23,117 protein-coding genes in the blue tilapia genome. Comparisons of predicted antimicrobial peptides between the blue tilapia and its close relative Nile tilapia proved that these immunological genes are highly similar with a genome-wide scattering distribution. As a valuable genetic resource, our blue tilapia genome assembly will benefit for biomedical researches and practical molecular breeding for high resistance to various diseases, which have been a critical problem in the aquaculture of tilapias.

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Faruk, MAR, N. Rahman, and ZP Patwary. "Risk factors associated with tilapia and pangasius diseases." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 15, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v15i2.35083.

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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are currently very important and popular species for aquaculture inBangladesh. They are cultured commercially in high stocking densities which are accompanied by several risk factors leading to disease outbreaks. The present study was carried out to investigate diseases of these two species under farming condition with special emphasis on risk factors analysis and their health management strategies. Data were collected through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion with farmers. Altogether 50 farmers were interviewed of which 25 were tilapia farmers and 25 were pangus farmers in Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district. Possible risks were assessed using certain parameters like season of disease occurrence, presence of predators in farms, contact with livestock, maintenance of farm hygiene, sharing of farming tools, feeding of fish and pond management measures. It was found that presence of predatory birds, maintenance of good farm hygiene, sharing of tools, increased stocking densities and improper pond management were the major risks of disease outbreak. The most prevalent clinical signs of diseased fish included anal protrusion and red spot on body surface in case of pangus while pop and red eye and gas problems were common in both pangasius and tilapia. Generally, pangus were found more susceptible to disease than tilapia. Predatory birds were a big problem in the study area. They act as a potential carrier of infectious organisms among farms from farm to farm.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 325-331, December 2017

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Waiyamitra, Pitchaporn, Chutchai Piewbang, Somporn Techangamsuwan, Woei Chang Liew, and Win Surachetpong. "Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061104.

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Tilapia tilapinevirus, or tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a highly contagious virus found in tilapia and its hybrid species that has been reported worldwide, including in Asia, the Americas, and Africa. In this study, we experimentally challenged Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with a virulent TiLV strain, VETKU-TV01, at both low (1 × 103 TCID50/mL) and high (1 × 105 TCID50/mL) concentration. After the challenge, the Mozambique tilapia showed pale skin with some hemorrhage and erosion, lethargy, abdominal swelling, congestion around the eye, and exophthalmos; there was a cumulative mortality rate at 48.89% and 77.78% in the groups that received the low and high concentration, respectively. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of TiLV in the internal organs of moribund fish. Notably, severe histopathological changes, including glycogen depletion, syncytial hepatic cells containing multiple nuclei and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and infiltration of melanomacrophage into the spleen, were frequently found in the Mozambique tilapia challenged with high TiLV concentration. Comparatively, the infectivity and pathology of the TiLV infection in Mozambique tilapia and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) were found to be similar. Our results confirmed the susceptibility of Mozambique tilapia, which has recently been determined to be a vulnerable species, to TiLV infection, expanding knowledge that the virus can cause disease in this fish species.

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Justo, M. C. N., L. G. A. Nascimento, Y. C. Meneses, T. Trombeta, and S. C. Cohen. "Monogenoidea parasites of Oreochromis niloticus submitted to ractopamine supplemented diet from cultivated system." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 5 (September 2020): 1980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11652.

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ABSTRACT Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), commonly named “tilapia”, is the second most cultivated species in the world. Among the diseases that affect tilapia are parasitic diseases caused by parasites of the class Monogenoidea. The aim of the present study was to analyze parasitism rates among specimens of O. niloticus in farming systems, after dietary supplementation with ractopamine, a growth promoter that is used for fattening fish. The action of this substance on the quantitative parameters of infestation by Monogenoidea was evaluated. Samples of O. niloticus were obtained from a fish farm in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. Their gills were removed and fixed. Four species of monogenoideans were collected: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis. The results from this study indicate that the monogenoidean parasites of tilapias examined here presented different behaviors in relation to the ractopamine concentrations that were added to the food. The parasitological indexes did not present significant reductions through using ractopamine, thus leading to the conclusion that administration of ractopamine is not efficient as a method for controlling infestations of monogenoidean parasites.

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Mugimba, Kizito Kahoza, Shlomit Tal, Saurabh Dubey, Stephen Mutoloki, Arnon Dishon, Øystein Evensen, and Hetron M. Munang’andu. "Gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and Red (Oreochromis spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection." Viruses 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100893.

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Tilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equally susceptible to TiLV infection. In the present study we compared the susceptibility of gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) to experimental TiLV infection. Virus was injected intraperitoneally at a concentration of 104 TCID50/mL. Our findings show that gray tilapia had a lower mortality, 86.44%, but statistically not significantly different (p = 0.068) from red tilapia (100%). The duration of the mortality period from onset to cessation was similar for the two species, starting at 2–3 days post challenge (dpc) with a median at 10–11 dpi and ending on 20–22 dpi. In addition, there was no difference between species in mean viral loads in brain, liver and headkidney from fish collected soon after death. As for host response, expression levels of IL-1β and TNFα were equally high in brain and headkidney samples while levels in liver samples were low for both red and gray tilapia, which coincides with lower viral loads in liver compared to brain and headkidney for both species. We find that red and gray tilapia were equally susceptible to TiLV infection with similar post challenge mortality levels, equal virus concentration in target organs and similar proinflammatory cytokine responses in target and lymphoid organs at time of death. Nonetheless, we advocate that the search for less susceptible tilapia strains should continue with the view to reduce losses from TiLV infection in aquaculture.

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Cai, Wan-qi, Si-fa Li, and Jiang-yao Ma. "Diseases resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) and their hybrid (female Nile tilapia×male blue tilapia) to Aeromonas sobria." Aquaculture 229, no. 1-4 (January 2004): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00357-0.

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Abu Nor, Nadirah, Mohd Zamri-Saad, Ina-Salwany Md Yasin, Annas Salleh, Farina Mustaffa-Kamal, Mohd Fuad Matori, and Mohd Noor Amal Azmai. "Efficacy of Whole Cell Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine against Vibriosis in a Marine Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) Model." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040734.

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Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in various commercial marine fish species. The infection leads to significant economic losses for aquaculture farms, and vaccination is an alternative approach for the prevention and control of fish diseases for aquaculture sustainability. This study describes the use of formalin-killed Vibrio harveyi (FKVh) strain Vh1 as a vaccine candidate to stimulate innate and adaptive immunities against vibriosis in a marine red hybrid tilapia model. Tilapia are fast growing; cheap; resistant to diseases; and tolerant to adverse environmental conditions of fresh water, brackish water, and marine water and because of these advantages, marine red hybrid tilapia is a suitable candidate as a model to study fish diseases and vaccinations against vibriosis. A total of 180 healthy red hybrid tilapias were gradually adapted to the marine environment before being divided into two groups, with 90 fish in each group and were kept in triplicate with 30 fish per tank. Group 1 was vaccinated intraperitoneally with 100 µL of FKVh on week 0, and a booster dose was similarly administered on week 2. Group 2 was similarly injected with PBS. Skin mucus, serum, and gut lavage were collected weekly for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lysozyme activity assay from a total of 30 fish of each group. On week 4, the remaining 60 fish of Groups 1 and 2 were challenged with 108 cfu/fish of live Vibrio harveyi. The clinical signs were monitored while the survival rate was recorded for 48 h post-challenge. Vaccination with FKVh resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of survival (87%) compared to the control (20%). The IgM antibody titer and lysozyme activities of Group 1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the unvaccinated Groups 2 in most weeks throughout the experiment. Therefore, the intraperitoneal exposure of marine red hybrid tilapia to killed V. harveyi enhanced the resistance and antibody response of the fish against vibriosis.

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Rocha, Rafael dos Santos, Lana Oliveira Leite, Oscarina Viana de Sousa, and Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Fresh-Marketed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Journal of Pathogens 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/756539.

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The contamination of seafood by bacteria of fecal origin, especiallyEscherichia coli, is a widely documented sanitary problem. The objective of the present study was to isolateE. colistrains from the gills, muscle, and body surface of farmed Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) fresh-marketed in supermarkets in Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil), to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics of different families (amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, cephalothin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim), and to determine the nature of resistance by plasmid curing. Forty-four strains (body surface = 25, gills = 15, muscle = 4) were isolated, all of which were susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Gill and body surface samples yielded 11 isolates resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, 4 of which of plasmidial nature. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was higher for strains isolated from body surface than from gills. The overall high antibiotic susceptibility ofE. colistrains isolated from fresh-marketed tilapia was satisfactory, although the occasional finding of plasmidial resistance points to the need for close microbiological surveillance of the farming, handling, and marketing conditions of aquaculture products.

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Pulpipat, Theeraporn, Shun Maekawa, Pei-Chi Wang, and Shih-Chu Chen. "Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of a Formalin-Killed Francisella Noatunensis Subsp. Orientalis Vaccine Evaluated through Intraperitoneal and Immersion Challenge Methods in Oreochromis Niloticus." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020163.

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Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), an intracellular bacterium, causes systemic granulomatous diseases, resulting in high mortality and huge economic losses in Taiwanese tilapia farming. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a formalin-killed Fno vaccine in cultured tilapia. Fno was isolated from diseased tilapia, inactivated with formalin, and mixed with the mineral oil base adjuvant (MontanideTM ISA 763 AVG). A total of 300 tilapia were divided into two groups. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL of vaccine, which was substituted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the control group. A booster was administered at 2 weeks post-immunization. Tilapia were challenged at 6 weeks post primary immunization by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and immersion methods. Mortality was recorded at 21 and 60 days. The results revealed that the vaccine induced a greater antibody titer and led to 71% and 76% of relative percent survival (RPS) after the IP and immersion challenge. The transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related genes, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and interleukin-17C (IL-17C), were significantly upregulated after vaccination. Additionally, vaccinated fish had lower bacterial loads in the blood and lower granuloma intensities in the kidney, spleen, liver, and gill than control fish. The results in this study demonstrate that the inactivated Fno vaccine could be an essential resource in Taiwanese tilapia farming.

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Eissa, Alaa Eldin, Marwa M. Attia, Mamdouh Y. Elgendy, Gehad A. Ismail, Nader M. Sabry, Abdelbary Prince, Mahmoud A. Mahmoud, Ghada O. El-Demerdash, Mohamed Abdelsalam, and Hassan I. M. Derwa. "Streptococcus, Centrocestus formosanus and Myxobolus tilapiae concurrent infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Microbial Pathogenesis 158 (September 2021): 105084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105084.

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Liao, Pei-Chih, Yi-Lun Tsai, Yao-Chung Chen, Pei-Chi Wang, Shu-Chu Liu, and Shih-Chu Chen. "Analysis of Streptococcal Infection and Correlation with Climatic Factors in Cultured Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in Taiwan." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10114018.

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Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), a prominent warm water food fish, is one of the major fish species grown in the aquaculture industry in south-east Asia. Tilapia can tolerate adverse water quality and other stressors, like diverse salinity and fluctuation of pH value, better than most other commercial aquaculture species. Environmental fluctuations are one of the main factors that affect the outbreak of infectious diseases in cultured tilapia. Cultured tilapia in Taiwan appears to be more susceptible to infections caused by Streptococci during the summer season. The present study emphasizes the Streptococcus spp. infection in tilapia in Taiwan and is the first study on the analysis of the potential impact of climate change on streptococcal infection in cultured tilapia in Asia. The data collected from the treatment and diagnosis system (TDS) of the aquatic animal diseases database from 2006 to 2015 were used to analyze the endemic streptococcal infection and the effect of climatic factors. Based on the results, the factor, average atmospheric pressure, is negatively correlated to streptococcal infection, while the other three, including average temperature, ultraviolet (UV) index, and rainfall, are positively correlated to streptococcal infection. A multivariate logistic regression model with these four factors was also built. When the average temperature is above 27.0 °C, the average atmospheric pressure is lower than 1005.1 hPa, or the UV index is above 7.2, the percentage of cumulated positive farms from all submitted tilapia cases was more than 50%. In addition, within 3 days of rain, rainfall is relevant to the occurrence of Streptococcus in tilapia. Using TDS to alert the occurrence of streptococcal infection in tilapia can be a very useful tool for veterinary aquatic animal inspection stations, and reducing economic losses and labour costs in aquatic agriculture.

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Cortés-Sánchez, A. D. J. "Helicobacter pylori, food, fish and tilapia." Food Research 5, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).427.

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Food safety is considered an essential characteristic of food quality and is one that establishes that food, when ingested, will not cause harm to the consumer's health. Foodborne diseases are considered a health problem worldwide due to their incidence and mortality; these diseases have different causal agents of a physical, chemical and biological nature, being the latter mainly related to disease outbreaks where they are included (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi), generally affecting low-income population groups, children, the elderly, pregnant women, and immunosuppressed. This review focused on giving a general description of food-borne diseases, mainly those developed in fish, highly nutritious food that is highly susceptible to deterioration and contamination by various chemical and biological hazards. Among the fish with the highest production for marketing and consumption is tilapia, which can be a vehicle for transmission of various pollutants of biological origin, including Helicobacter pylori, which has been considered an emerging food pathogen with a considerable impact on human health, whose food contamination and infection may be due to different factors such as inadequate hygiene practices at different stages of the food chain, putting the safety of these foods, and/or the health of consumers at risk.

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ISLAS-ORTEGA, ALMA G., PAULA S. MARCOTEGUI, LINDA BASSON, and ROGELIO AGUILAR-AGUILAR. "A checklist of trichodinid species (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) on tilapia fishes (Cichlidae), with new records from Mexico and the first data from Argentina." Zootaxa 4896, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 451–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.1.

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Tilapia is the common name for a wide spectrum of cichlid fishes usually selected for aquaculture activities. However, some aspects of the natural history of these fishes, such as the diversity of certain ectoparasitic protistan groups remain understudied. In order to understand the diversity of ciliates of the family Trichodinidae parasitizing tilapia around the world, a database with all available accounts was assembled. This information, along with records derived from our own recent research, allowed us to generate a checklist containing all the records for tilapia-Trichodinidae associations. The checklist is presented as a host-parasite list containing 44 nominal taxa from 29 countries on four continents, and it also presents the first data from Argentina, where tilapia culture is still an incipient, but growing activity. The observed high species richness of trichodinids is probably derived from a set of specific taxa for tilapia, along with an important component of species acquired from the new environments where tilapia have been introduced. Data presented here could be used along with existing information of metazoan parasites to build a general view about diseases that affect tilapia.

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Mulei, Isaac R., Paul G. Mbuthia, Robert M. Waruiru, Phillip N. Nyaga, Stephen Mutoloki, and Øystein Evensen. "Management Practices, Farmers’ Knowledge of Diseased Fish, and Their Occurrence in Fish Farms in Nyeri County, Kenya." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8896604.

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In this study, fish farmers’ management practices, occurrence, and knowledge of fish diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya, were evaluated. Fish farming management practices for small-scale farmers in Kenya have numerous challenges which have led to disease occurrence and reduced production. Moreover, the impact and association of these challenges to farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases and their burden has not been fully studied. A semistructured questionnaire was used to capture farmers’ biodata, fish species farmed, and farmers’ management practices such as handling of nets, pond fertilization, and disposal of fish waste. Farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases was based on their ability to identify independent and dependent variable indicators. Independent variables included clinical signs, decreased feeding, bulging eyes, floating on water, abdominal swelling, bulging eyes, abnormal skin color, reduced growth, and abnormal swimming with fish death as were the dependent variable. A total of 208 farmers were interviewed and included those of tilapia (134), mixed tilapia and catfish (40), catfish (22), rainbow trout, and five dams under cooperative management. Tilapia was the most kept fish species (66.8%) followed by polyculture of tilapia and catfish (20%) and rainbow trout (2%). Most respondents were male (78.5%) over 51 years of age (50%). Fifty percent of the respondents had secondary school education. There was a significant association between deaths and sharing of nets in Kieni East subcounty ( p = 0.0049 , chi-square), while on-farm fish waste disposing appeared to cause higher deaths compared to burning of the waste although not statistically significant ( p = 0.13 ). Few respondents observed decreased feed uptake (<20%) and poor growth. Fifty-seven percent of farmers reported mortalities. Fish poor growth, floating in water, and management practices in subcounties had significant effect on fish deaths. The farmers had knowledge of signs of diseased fish, but there was paucity of knowing the specific causes of disease. Farmers need to be empowered on best aquaculture husbandry to avoid disease transmission and specific fish disease signs to enhance proper reporting of disease for subsequent mitigation measures.

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Ibrahim, Taghreed. "Diseases of Nile Tilapia with Special Emphasis on Water Pollution." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2020.29.56.

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Mian, Gláucia Frasnelli, Charles Oswaldo Roncancio, Maria Cristina de Souza Silva, Amanda Carvalho Rosado Ferreira, Dircéia Aparecida da Costa Custódio, Victor Hugo Silva Souza, and Geraldo Márcio da Costa. "Evaluation of resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in four farmed strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p353.

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Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has always been considered more resistant to diseases compared to other fish species. However, in recent decades, this fish species has also been susceptible to many bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and nutritional diseases. In Brazil, streptococcosis is one of the main diseases that affect tilapia and has caused many economic losses. A resistance test was conducted with 93 tilapia of four varieties (UFLA strain and three commercial varieties: SC1, SC2, and SC3) to evaluate resistance to experimental inoculation with Streptococcus agalactiae. Each variety was distributed in five aquariums, with nine specimens of the same variety. Among the five aquariums, four housed fish were intraperitoneally inoculated with 107 CFU/fish of S. agalactiae and one aquarium harbored fish from the control group, which received 0.1 mL of sterile BHI (Brain Heart Infusion). Significant differences were observed in the survival rates accumulated at the end of the experiment (day 15), with values of 22, 36, 36, and 15% for SC1, SC2, SC3, and UFLA, respectively. The UFLA strain presented lower survival than other strains, which did not differ among the 15 days of challenge. These results demonstrate that there are animals with a better response to the resistance test than others.

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Doulah, Mohammad Ashaf Ud, SM Majharul Islam, Mohammad Shadiqur Rahman, Md Shariful Islam, Mohammad Harun Or Rashid, and Mohammad Abdur Razzak. "Investigation of parasite and diseases at cage culture Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Southern region of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i3.44809.

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The study was carried out to identify the parasite and causative diseases on cage reared tilapia at Bakerganj upazila, Barisal district. The infected tilapia fishes were collected from the cages and brought to the laboratory to find out signs, symptoms and infection area on the fish body. Physico-chemical parameters of water, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and ammonia were monitored fortnightly. The values of water temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg/l), nitrate (mg/l), phosphate (mg/l) and ammonia (mg/l) were 32.4±2.1, 6.2±0.3, 7.52±0.4, 0.028±.008, 11.30±2.26 and 0.09±0.02, respectively but the concentration of nitrate was so higher during the study time. Eleven species of parasites namely, Chilodonella sp, Trichodiniasp., Gyrodactylussp.,Cichlidogyrus sp., Capillariasp, Orientocreadium sp, Eustrongylidae sp, Allocreadium sp, Euclinostomum sp, Tylodelphys sp. and Metagonimus spwere were identified. Parasites were found on all the examined parts of the fish body but gill showed the most infested area of the host. Highest mortality rate was occurred in the month of October and lowest mortality rate was in July. In this circumstance, proper management system and handling are best ways to prevent diseases and reduce the mortality rate of tilapia on cage farming in the southern area. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 431-437, December 2019

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Chengula, Augustino Alfred, Stephen Mutoloki, Øystein Evensen, and Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu. "Tilapia Lake Virus Does Not Hemagglutinate Avian and Piscine Erythrocytes and NH4Cl Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication In Vitro." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121152.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) icosahedral virus classified to be the only member in the family Amnoonviridae. Although TiLV segment-1 shares homology with the influenza C virus PB1 and has four conserved motifs similar to influenza A, B, and C polymerases, it is unknown whether there are other properties shared between TiLV and orthomyxovirus. In the present study, we wanted to determine whether TiLV agglutinated avian and piscine erythrocytes, and whether its replication was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents, such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), as seen for orthomyxoviruses. Our findings showed that influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8 (PR8) was able to hemagglutinate turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) red blood cells (RBCs), while infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) only agglutinated Atlantic salmon, but not turkey or tilapia, RBCs. In contrast to PR8 and ISAV, TiLV did not agglutinate turkey, Atlantic salmon, or tilapia RBCs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 30 mM NH4Cl, a basic lysosomotropic agent, neither inhibited nor enhanced TiLV replication in E-11 cells. There was no difference in viral quantities in the infected cells with or without NH4Cl treatment during virus adsorption or at 1, 2, and 3 h post-infection. Given that hemagglutinin proteins that bind RBCs also serve as ligands that bind host cells during virus entry leading to endocytosis in orthomyxoviruses, the data presented here suggest that TiLV may use mechanisms that are different from orthomyxoviruses for entry and replication in host cells. Therefore, future studies should seek to elucidate the mechanisms used by TiLV for entry into host cells and to determine its mode of replication in infected cells.

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Cortés-Sánchez, Alejandro De Jesús, Luis Daniel Espinosa-Chaurand, Mayra Díaz-Ramirez, and Erika Torres-Ochoa. "Plesiomonas: A Review on Food Safety, Fish-Borne Diseases, and Tilapia." Scientific World Journal 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3119958.

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Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. Plesiomonas shigelloides has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by Plesiomonas shigelloides are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.

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Chaput, Dominique L., David Bass, Md Mehedi Alam, Neaz Al Hasan, Grant D. Stentiford, Ronny van Aerle, Karen Moore, John P. Bignell, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque, and Charles R. Tyler. "The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh." Viruses 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030258.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.

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Liang, Fu-Rui, Qin-Qing Wang, Yun-Lin Jiang, Bei-Ying Yue, Qian-Zhi Zhou, and Jiang-Hai Wang. "Characterization of Matrix Metalloprotease-9 Gene from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Its High-Level Expression Induced by the Streptococcus agalactiae Challenge." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010076.

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The bacterial diseases of tilapia caused by Streptococcus agalactiae have resulted in the high mortality and huge economic loss in the tilapia industry. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may play an important role in fighting infection. However, the role of MMP-9 in Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae is still unclear. In this work, MMP-9 cDNA of Nile tilapia (NtMMP-9) has been cloned and characterized. NtMMP-9 has 2043 bp and encodes a putative protein of 680 amino acids. NtMMP-9 contains the conserved domains interacting with decorin and inhibitors via binding forces compared to those in other teleosts. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis reveals that NtMMP-9 distinctly upregulated following S. agalactiae infection in a tissue- and time-dependent response pattern, and the tissues, including liver, spleen, and intestines, are the major organs against a S. agalactiae infection. Besides, the proteolytic activity of NtMMP-9 is also confirmed by heterologous expression and zymography, which proves the active function of NtMMP-9 interacting with other factors. The findings indicate that NtMMP-9 was involved in immune responses against the bacterial challenge at the transcriptional level. Further work will focus on the molecular mechanisms of NtMMP-9 to respond and modulate the signaling pathways in Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae invasion and the development of NtMMP-9-related predictive biomarkers or vaccines for preventing bacterial infection in the tilapia industry.

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Amrullah, Amrullah, wahidah wahidah, ardiansyah ardiansyah, and indrayani indrayani. "Transfer of maternal immunity using a polyvalent vaccine and offspring protection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus." F1000Research 10 (September 24, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52932.1.

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Background: Vaccination is an effective and alternative means of disease prevention, however, it cannot be conducted on the offspring of fish. For this process to take place, the transfer of maternal immunity must be implemented. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of transferring immunity from the broodstock to the offspring using a polyvalent vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Methods: Nile tilapia broodstock, with an average weight of 203g (±SD 23 g) was injected with a vaccine used as a treatment. Example include A. hydrophila monovalent (MA), S. agalactiae monovalent (MS), P. fluorescens monovalent (MP), A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae bivalent (BAS), A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens bivalent (BAP), P. fluorescens and S. agalactiae bivalent (BPS), and A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens polyvalent vaccines (PAPS). While the control was fish that were injected with a PBS solution. The broodstock’s immune response was observed on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, while the immune response and challenge test on the offspring was conducted on the 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th day during the post-hatching period. Result: The application of PAPS in broodstock could significantly induce the best immune response and immunity to multiple diseases compared to other treatments. The RPS of the PAPS was also higher than the other types of vaccines. This showed that the transfer of immunity from the broodstock to the Nile tilapia offspring could protect it against bacterial diseases such as A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens. Conclusion: The application of PAPS A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, P. fluorescens vaccines increased the broodstock’s immune response and it was transferred to their offsprings. They were able to produce tilapia seeds that are immune to diseases caused by A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and P. fluorescens.

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Zubaidah, Anis, Sri Samsundari, and Vivi Fitriani. "Effectiveness of extract Songga wood (Strychnos lucida) towards survival and antibody titers on Tilapia (Oreocromis niloticus) that infected Streptococcus agalactiae." Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquatic 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ijota.v2i2.11136.

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Nile Tilapia or Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of commodity with a high number of consumers. But, Streptococcus agalactiae attack caused a decline in production. One way to reduce these diseases by using natural materials of songga wood (Strychnos lucida R.Br) where the songga wood contains many compounds like alkaloid, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, which can inhibit bacterial growth by damaged cell membrane. The results showed that the inhibitory songga wood extract against Streptococcus agalactiae was highly significant, and shows with the highest survival rate of 90% and proved by theincreasingantibodytitersafteraddingsonggawood extract.

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SARI, DINA SELVIA, ARTINI PANGASTUTI, and ELISA HERAWATI. "Infection prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by providing ethyl acetate extract of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) rhizome." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 11, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f110201.

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Sari DS, Pangastuti A, Elisa Herawati E. 2013. Infection prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by providing ethyl acetate extract of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa) rhizome. Biofarmasi 11: 31-35. In tilapia aquaculture, some diseases can disturb the growth and production of fish. Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the pathogenic bacteria that can cause a disease in tilapia. Aeromonas hydrophila uses a quorum sensing system and the virulence of organisms as a controller to other organisms. The one of infection prevention effort of A. hydrophila that efficient enough is to use a compound of natural ingredients, i.e. Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome that needed to prevent the infection of A. hydrophila bacterial in tilapia. The method used in this study was an immersion method. Tilapia was soaked in water mixed with A. hydrophila and the ethyl acetate extract of C. aeruginosa rhizome with the concentrations of 0 mL/L, 10 mL/L, 20 mL/L, 30 mL/L, 40 mL/L, 50 mL/L and control for 90 minutes. At the end of the study, it was observed for the fish behavior after immersion, the reaction of fish, the type and morphology of fish, and the number of bacteria in the water conservancy. The results showed that the A. hydrophila infection could be prevented by using the ethyl acetate extract of the C. aeruginosa rhizome with the concentration of 40 mL/L. During immersion, tilapia was get an experience stress, often to the surface of water, and then quietly at the bottom of aquarium. The response to eat of tilapia decreased by 50% after soaking, but after 2-3 days of immersion time, the fish feeding was normally again.

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Evans, Joyce J., Phillip H. Klesius, David J. Pasnik, and John F. Bohnsack. "HumanStreptococcus agalactiaeIsolate in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, no. 5 (May 2009): 774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1505.080222.

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Et. al., Rolan J. Malvar. "Cost Optimization of Food Diet for Adult Filipino Patients With Stage 1 or Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Diseases." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 5453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2201.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common disease in the Philippines. Some of its main causes are hypertension and diabetes. This study is aimed to develop an optimal food dietary model from ninety (90) combinations of linear programming models for adult Filipino patients with Stage 1 or Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Disease. This process will search for the lowest possible cost of their daily food plan while satisfying their daily nutritional requirements. The diet contains six nutritional requirements which are protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, calcium and calories. The thirteen cooked food commodities are the following: pork, milkfish, chicken, tilapia, egg, white rice, roasted green beans with garlic, sautéed cabbage, stir-fry bitter gourd, coconut meat, avocado, mango, and oat bran. Using the selected linear programming model which consist of chicken, tilapia, white rice, roasted green beans with garlic, stir-fry bitter gourd, coconut meat, and oat bran, the minimized daily dietary plan cost for adult male is ₱134.23, and adult female with ₱133.2

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Chitmanat, Chanagun, Phimphakan Lebel, Niwooti Whangchai, Jongkon Promya, and Louis Lebel. "Tilapia diseases and management in river-based cage aquaculture in northern Thailand." Journal of Applied Aquaculture 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2015.1104950.

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Cortés-Sánchez, Alejandro De Jesús. "About Clostridium botulinum, Fish and Tilapia." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n3p1.

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Fish and products are considered a food of nutritional quality that constituents a part of the human diet, produced and commercialized worldwide. Tilapia is one of the main fish for aquaculture production destined for human consumption in different presentations: refrigerated, frozen, fillet, cured, canned, among others. Fish, in addition to being a highly nutritious food, is also sensitive to deterioration and contamination along the food chain, being able to be contaminated mainly by microorganisms that are casual agents of consumer illnesses. Clostridium botulinum and spores can contaminate foods such as fish and products whose germination, growth and generation of botulinum toxin puts the health of consumers at high risk of acquiring botulism disease, which is of importance in public health due to its incidence and high fatality rate. This review describes in a general way the aspects related to fish and tilapia, foodborne diseases such as botulism, the causal agent, in addition to sanitary regulation, control and prevention of contamination of food products to protect food safety, and consumer’s health.

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Zeng, Weiwei, Yingying Wang, Huzi Hu, Qing Wang, Sven M. Bergmann, Yahui Wang, Bo Li, et al. "Cell Culture-Derived Tilapia Lake Virus-Inactivated Vaccine Containing Montanide Adjuvant Provides High Protection against Viral Challenge for Tilapia." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020086.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a newly emerging pathogen responsible for high mortality and economic losses in the global tilapia industry. Currently, no antiviral therapy or vaccines are available for the control of this disease. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effects and protective efficacy of formaldehyde- and β-propiolactone-inactivated vaccines against TiLV in the presence and absence of the Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant in tilapia. We found that β-propiolactone inactivation of viral particles generated a vaccine with a higher protection efficacy against virus challenge than did formaldehyde. The relative percent survivals of vaccinated fish at doses of 108, 107, and 106 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL were 42.9%, 28.5%, and 14.3% in the absence of the adjuvant and 85.7%, 64.3%, and 32.1% in its presence, respectively. The vaccine generated specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies against TiLV at 3 weeks following immunization that were significantly increased after a second booster immunization. The steady state mRNA levels of the genes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Ia, and MHC-II were all increased and indicated successful immune stimulation against TiLV. The vaccine also significantly lowered the viral loads and resulted in significant increases in survival, indicating that the vaccine may also inhibit viral proliferation as well as stimulate a protective antibody response. The β-propiolactone-inactivated TiLV vaccine coupled with the adjuvant Montanide IMS 1312 VG and booster immunizations can provide a high level of protection from virus challenge in tilapia.

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Zhang, Ze. "Research Advances on Tilapia Streptococcosis." Pathogens 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050558.

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Streptococcus agalactiae, often referred to as group B streptococci (GBS), is a severe pathogen that can infect humans as well as other animals, including tilapia, which is extremely popular in commercial aquaculture. This pathogen causes enormous pecuniary loss, and typical symptoms of streptococcosis—the disease caused by S. agalactiae—include abnormal behavior, exophthalmos, and meningitis, among others. Multiple studies have examined virulence factors associated with S. agalactiae infection, and vaccines were explored, including studies of subunit vaccines. Known virulence factors include capsular polysaccharide (CPS), hemolysin, Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson (CAMP) factor, hyaluronidase (HAase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and serine-threonine protein kinase (STPK), and effective vaccine antigens reported to date include GapA, Sip, OCT, PGK, FbsA, and EF-Tu. In this review, I summarize findings from several studies about the etiology, pathology, virulence factors, and vaccine prospects for S. agalactiae. I end by considering which research areas are likely to yield success in the prevention and treatment of tilapia streptococcosis.

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de Souza Suguiura, Igor Massahiro, Rafaela Macagnan, Aline Myuki Omori, Elder Luis Buck, Josiane Aniele Scarpassa, Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano, Laurival Antônio Vilas-Boas, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Eiko Nakagawa Itano, and Mario Augusto Ono. "First report of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in fish." Medical Mycology 58, no. 6 (November 27, 2019): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz120.

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Abstract The thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a deep mycosis endemic in Latin American countries that affects mainly male rural workers. Infection by P. brasiliensis has also been reported in several species of terrestrial animals; however, the capacity of the fungus to infect aquatic organisms is poorly known. The aim of this study was to detect P. brasiliensis in a fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the most farmed and widely distributed fish in endemic areas for human PCM in Brazil. As a first step, the humoral immune response against the fungus was evaluated in an experimental group of three fish immunized with inactivated P. brasiliensis yeast cells. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples of Nile tilapia raised in cages (n = 109) and in ponds (n = 105), collected from a fish slaughterhouse, were analyzed for P. brasiliensis antibodies by ELISA using gp43 as antigen. All the inoculated fish produced antibodies against the fungus. The seropositivity observed in fish raised in cages and ponds was 17.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Due to the higher seropositivity observed in caged fish, 100 tissue samples (encephalon, liver, and kidney), from another group of tilapia raised in cages, were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR; Pb-ITSR and Pb-ITSE). Three tissue samples (liver n = 1, kidney n = 1, and enchepahlon n = 1) from three different fish resulted positive to PCR. This is the first report to show serological and molecular evidence of P. brasiliensis infection in a fish species.

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Sari, Endang T. P., Tri Gunaedi, and Ervina Indrayani. "Pengendalian Infeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata)." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 9, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.110.

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MAS diseases (Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia) is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative to inhibit bacterial activity is the extract of red galangal rhizome (Alpinia purpurata). Active substances possessed of this material have potential as antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of red galangal rhizome extract in the control of MAS disease in tilapia. The type of this research is experimental research in Completely Random Design (RAL) with 6 treatments, which are positive control, negative control, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The result of the research on the activity of the galangal extract bacteria on A. hydrophila obtained the widest clear zone at 1000 ppm constipation, which is 9.7625 mm. The treatment has been conducted by immersion of Tilapia fish into the extracted red galangan rgizomes for 5 minutes, then it was put into aquarium for maintenance for 7 days. 0.1 ml A. hydrophila (108 cfu/ml) was injected to Tilapia. The result of the research on antibacterial shoes the wides clear zone at 1000 ppm with constipation, which is 9.7625 mm and the effectiveness test of red galangal extract on tilapia infected by A. hydrophila bacteria experience (ulcer) healing after 7 days with the concentration of rhizome extract of galangal 1000 ppm. Key words: red galangal rhizome extract, A. hydrophila, A. purpurata.

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Turnbull, Olivia M. H., Ayda Susana Ortiz-Baez, John-Sebastian Eden, Mang Shi, Jane E. Williamson, Troy F. Gaston, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Edward C. Holmes, and Jemma L. Geoghegan. "Meta-Transcriptomic Identification of Divergent Amnoonviridae in Fish." Viruses 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111254.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has caused mass mortalities in farmed and wild tilapia with serious economic and ecological consequences. Until recently, this virus was the sole member of the Amnoonviridae, a family within the order Articulavirales comprising segmented negative-sense RNA viruses. We sought to identify additional viruses within the Amnoonviridae through total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) and data mining of published transcriptomes. Accordingly, we sampled marine fish species from both Australia and China and discovered several segments of two new viruses within the Amnoonviridae, tentatively called Flavolineata virus and Piscibus virus, respectively. In addition, by mining vertebrate transcriptome data, we identified nine additional virus transcripts matching to multiple genomic segments of TiLV in both marine and freshwater fish. These new viruses retained sequence conservation with the distantly related Orthomyxoviridae in the RdRp subunit PB1, but formed a distinct and diverse phylogenetic group. These data suggest that the Amnoonviridae have a broad host range within fish and that greater animal sampling will identify additional divergent members of the Articulavirales.

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Jr, V. Haddad, H. A. Miot, L. D. Bartoli, A. De Chiara Cardoso, and R. M. Pires De Camargo. "Localized lymphatic sporotrichosis after fish-induced injury (Tilapia sp.)." Medical Mycology 40, no. 4 (January 2002): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/mmy.40.4.425.427.

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Hossain, Md Iqbal, Badhan Saha, Mahmuda Begum, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Mst Khadiza Begum, and Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fed with commercial fish feeds." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 29, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i2.32325.

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The study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in some commonly used commercial fish feeds and to observe the bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd and Ni in liver, muscle and gills of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after culturing them for 60 days by feeding those commercial feeds. The study revealed that the concentration of Cu was the highest (65.08 mg/kg) in handmade feed (B1) among four heavy metals. The concentrations of Cr in collected feeds were 1.75 to 3.04 mg/kg, which exceeds the permissible limit set by FAO. In cultured tilapia, the concentrations of studied heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and in tilapia fingerlings. Metal levels in cultured fish followed the ranking of Cu>Cr>Ni>Cd and order in individual organs was liver>gill>muscle. The highest concentration of Cu (72.86 mg/kg) was found in liver given S feed and the lowest concentration (0.67 mg/kg) was in muscle receiving Q feed. Bioaccumulation of Cr was the highest (23.95 mg/kg) in liver taken B1 feed and the lowest (9.29 mg/kg) in muscle of tilapia cultured with C feed. Concentration of Cu exceeded the tolerable limit in fishes cultured with S and C feeds. But Cr concentration surpassed the allowable limit in every feed studied. The concentrations of Ni and Cd were below the permissible range approved by FAO. Considering the present study, tilapia cultured with these experimental feeds is not safe for human consumption. Higher concentration of these heavy metals exceeding allowable limit may cause harmful effect on human body after consumption of those fishes and can create cancer and other diseases in human body.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 89-99, December-2016

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Juliana, Juliana, Yuniarti Koniyo, and Citra Panigoro. "The Influence of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf Powder Addition to Feed on the Prevalence and Survival Rate of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds Infected by Aeromonas hydrophilla Bacteria." Omni-Akuatika 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.846.

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Feed is one main factor in aquaculture activities which influences the quantity and quality of aquaculture commodities. Feed can also increase the cultivated fish survivability to prevent from fish diseases. Binahong leaf powder is one material added in the fish feed making which contains active compounds functioning as antibacterial agent. This study did aim at examining the influence of Binahong leaf powder addition to feed on the prevalence and survival rate of Red Tilapia seeds infected by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This research employed an experimental method using a randomized complete design with four treatments. Each treatment consisted of different Binahong leaf powder dosage used as the material in feed making with treatment A (5%), treatment B (7%), treatment C (9%), and treatment D (control). The test animals were ± 5 cm red tilapia seeds infected by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Feeding was given twice, in the morning and evening with the feeding rate of 10% per day of the total body weight. The research results showed that the addition of Binahong leaf powder did not influence the prevalence and survival rate of red tilapia seeds infected by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacteria, Binahong, Disease, Feed

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YOUSSEF, HUSSEIN, ABDEL KHALIK EL-TIMAWY, and SHABAN AHMED. "Role of Aerobic Intestinal Pathogens of Fresh Water Fish in Transmission of Human Diseases." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.9.739.

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A total of 101 fresh water fish Tilapia nilotica were bacteriologically investigated for pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms. True intestinal pathogens were obtained in 11.8% of the examined specimens including 7.9% with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and 3.9% with Salmonella species. Serological typing of Salmonella (4 strains) revealed the detection of Salmonella typhimurium (1 strain), S. wangata (2 strains), and S. newport (1 strain). Other potentially pathogenic organisms were isolated in considerable frequencies, Proteus spp. (43.5%) atypable E. coli (13.8%), Micrococcus spp. (11.8%) and Providencia (9.9%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococci were not detected in the examined samples.

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Soto, Esteban, Denise Fernandez, Ronald Thune, and John P. Hawke. "Interaction of Francisella asiatica with Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Innate Immunity." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 5 (February 16, 2010): 2070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01308-09.

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ABSTRACT Members of the genus Francisella are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause important diseases in a wide variety of animals worldwide, including humans and fish. Several genes that are important for intramacrophage survival have been identified, including the iglC gene, which is found in the iglABCD operon in the Francisella sp. pathogenicity island (FPI). In the present study, we examined the interaction of wild-type Francisella asiatica and a ΔiglC mutant strain with fish serum and head kidney-derived macrophages (HKDM). Both the wild-type and the mutant strains were resistant to killing by normal and heat-inactivated sera. The wild-type F. asiatica is able to invade tilapia head kidney-derived macrophages and replicate vigorously within them, causing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in the macrophages at 24 and 36 h postinfection. The ΔiglC mutant, however, is defective for survival, replication, and the ability to cause cytotoxicity in HKDM, but the ability is restored when the mutant is complemented with the iglC gene. Uptake by the HKDM was mediated partially by complement and partially by macrophage mannose receptors, as demonstrated by in vitro assays. Light and electron microscopy analysis of the infected macrophages revealed intracellular bacteria present in a tight vacuole at 2 h postinoculation and the presence of numerous bacteria in spacious vacuoles at 12 h postinfection, with some bacteria free in the cytoplasm.

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Tang, Jia, and Takashi Saito. "Biocompatibility of Novel Type I Collagen Purified from Tilapia Fish Scale: An In Vitro Comparative Study." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/139476.

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Type I collagen (COL-1) is the prevailing component of the extracellular matrix in a number of tissues including skin, ligament, cartilage, bone, and dentin. It is the most widely used tissue-derived natural polymer. Currently, mammalian animals, including pig, cow, and rat, are the three major sources for purification of COL-1. To reduce the risk of zoonotic infectious diseases transmission, minimize the possibility of immunogenic reaction, and avoid problems related to religious issues, exploration of new sources (other than mammalian animals) for the purification of type I collagen is highly desirable. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the in vitro responses of MDPC-23 to type I collagen isolated from tilapia scale in terms of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The results suggested that tilapia scale collagen exhibited comparable biocompatibility to porcine skin collagen, indicating it might be a potential alternative to type I collagen from mammals in the application for tissue regeneration in oral-maxillofacial area.

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Dykstra, M. J., and E. J. Noga. "A light and electron microscopic examination of novel features of fish granulomas." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100128596.

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A typical mammalian granuloma resulting from chronic inflammation is primarily composed of plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes and giant cells. So-called epithelioid cells are usually found in granulomas of immunological origin and are derived from the mononuclear phagocyte series. Epithelioid cell granulomas are associated with a number of infectious diseases of man such as tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and fungal infections such as coccidioidomycosis.Tissues from Atlantic menhaden and Tilapia fish were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for light microscopy. Replicate samples were fixed with McDowell's and Trump's fixative, embedded in Spurr's resin, sectioned, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a transmission electron microscope.Three fish granulomas were examined: 1) A granuloma of unknown origin in a menhaden spleen (Figs. 1,2); 2) A granuloma induced by fungal hyphae in a menhaden with ulcerative mycosis (Figs. 3,4); and 3) A granuloma due to mycobacteriosis in Tilapia (Figs. 5,6).

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Abu-Elala, Nermeen M., Reham M. Abd-Elsalam, Sherif Marouf, Mohamed Abdelaziz, and Mohamed Moustafa. "Eutrophication, Ammonia Intoxication, and Infectious Diseases: Interdisciplinary Factors of Mass Mortalities in Cultured Nile Tilapia." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 28, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2016.1185050.

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Mertes, Verena, Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund, Leidy Lagos, Elia Ciani, Duncan Colquhoun, Hanne Haslene-Hox, Håvard Sletta, Henning Sørum, and Hanne Cecilie Winther-Larsen. "The Use of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles for Immunization against Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010034.

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Francisellosis in fish is caused by the facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Francisella noatunensis ssp. noatunensis and Francisella orientalis. The disease is affecting both farmed and wild fish worldwide and no commercial vaccines are currently available. In this study, we tested isolated membrane vesicles (MVs) as possible vaccine candidates based on previous trials in zebrafish (Danio rerio) indicating promising vaccine efficacy. Here, the MV vaccine-candidates were tested in their natural hosts, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Injection of MVs did not display any toxicity or other negative influence on the fish and gene expression analysis indicated an influence on the host immune response. However, unlike in other tested fish species, a protective immunity following vaccine application and immunization period could not be detected in the Atlantic cod or tilapia. Further in vivo studies are required to achieve a better understanding of the development of immunological memory in different fish species.

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Mertes, Verena, Alexander Kashulin Bekkelund, Leidy Lagos, Elia Ciani, Duncan Colquhoun, Hanne Haslene-Hox, Håvard Sletta, Henning Sørum, and Hanne Cecilie Winther-Larsen. "The Use of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles for Immunization against Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010034.

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Abstract:

Francisellosis in fish is caused by the facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Francisella noatunensis ssp. noatunensis and Francisella orientalis. The disease is affecting both farmed and wild fish worldwide and no commercial vaccines are currently available. In this study, we tested isolated membrane vesicles (MVs) as possible vaccine candidates based on previous trials in zebrafish (Danio rerio) indicating promising vaccine efficacy. Here, the MV vaccine-candidates were tested in their natural hosts, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Injection of MVs did not display any toxicity or other negative influence on the fish and gene expression analysis indicated an influence on the host immune response. However, unlike in other tested fish species, a protective immunity following vaccine application and immunization period could not be detected in the Atlantic cod or tilapia. Further in vivo studies are required to achieve a better understanding of the development of immunological memory in different fish species.

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Kristianingrum, Yuli Purwandari, Bambang Sutrisno, Sitarina Widyarini, and Kurniasih Sugiyono. "Disease incidence of freshwater fish in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213306001.

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The potential of freshwater farming in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is very high. Infectious and non-infectious diseases can cause significant economic losses. The main problem of infectious disease is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. This study was conducted to identify diseases that attack freshwater fish using data analysis on fish disease cases in the Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UGM in 2019. A total of 239 cases of fish diseases were examined by the Laboratory Diagnostic Co-assistance students in 2019 from the Special Region of Yogyakarta which includes Sleman district, Kulonprogo district, Yogyakarta City, Bantul district and Gunungkidul district. Based on data analysis, it showed that the highest fish sample was tilapia (52%), came from Sleman Regency (94%). The highest disease infection was caused by bacterial infections (54%) followed by parasite infections (35%). Macroscopic changes were observed in the liver (25%), skin (19%). and gills (26%). These changes included a yellow swollen liver, ulcer in the skin, fragile consistency and nodules in the surface of kidneys, attachment lamella and necrosis of gill lamellas. The parasite identification resulted in following parasite taxa/species Dactylogyrus., Trichodina sp., Gyrodactylus sp. and Ichtyopthirius sp. in the Parasitology Laboratory. The histopathological changes were identified using the the Hematoxillin & Eosin st aining technique, the organs showed dermatitis (18%), hepatitis (27%) and branchitis (23%). It can be concluded that in this research the highest cases of freshwater fish disease in Yogyakarta Special Region were caused by bacterial infections of tilapia from the Sleman district.

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Zaher, Hanan A., Mohamad I. Nofal, Basma M. Hendam, Moustafa M. Elshaer, Abdulaziz S. Alothaim, and Mostafa M. Eraqi. "Prevalence and Antibiogram of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila in the Flesh of Nile Tilapia, with Special Reference to Their Virulence Genes Detected Using Multiplex PCR Technique." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060654.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila are major public health problems and the main cause of bacterial disease in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and some virulence genes of both V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila isolates from Nile tilapia. From Manzala Farm at Dakahlia governorate, 250 freshwater fish samples were collected. The confirmed bacterial isolates from the examined Nile tilapia samples in the study were 24.8% (62/250) for V. parahaemolyticus and 19.2% (48/250) for A. hydrophila. multiplex PCR, revealing that the tlh gene was found in 46.7% (29/62) of V. parahaemolyticus isolates, while the tdh and trh virulence genes were found in 17.2% (5/29). Meanwhile, 39.5% (19/48) of A. hydrophila isolates had the 16s rRNA gene and 10.5% (2/19) had the aerA and ahh1 virulence genes. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance indices of V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila were 0.587 and 0.586, respectively. In conclusion, alternative non-antibiotic control strategies for bacterial infections in farmed fish should be promoted to avoid multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is suggested that farmers should be skilled in basic fish health control and that molecular detection methods are more rapid and cost-effective than bacteriological methods.

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Zhang, Ze, Jiangfeng Lan, Yuhui Li, Minqiang Hu, Angen Yu, Jie Zhang, and Shun Wei. "The pathogenic and antimicrobial characteristics of an emerging Streptococcus agalactiae serotype IX in Tilapia." Microbial Pathogenesis 122 (September 2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.053.

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Kiamfu, Victor Pwema, Jeff Nakweti K, Willy Lusasi Swana, Santos Kavumbu Mutanda, Clement Munganga Kilingwa, Theo Mondo Mapasi, John Tembeni M., and Mbomba Bekeli N‘seu. "Human Endoparasites Present in the Digestive Tracts of Two Species of Cichlidae Fish: Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia Tholloni (Sauvage, 1884) Caught in the Malebo Pool (Congo River), D.R. Congo." Agricultural Science 2, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): p129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p129.

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Parasitic diseases of fish are very rarely highlighted in comparison with certain parasitic diseases transmitted to humans through animals or plants such as echinococcosis, bilharziasis or fasciolosis. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge on endoparasites of the human digestive tract that also infest the digestive tracts of two species of Cichlidae fish: Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 and Tilapia tholloni Sauvage, 1884 caught in the Congo River (Malebo Pool). Microscopic observations were made on 42 specimens of O. niloticus fish and 42 of T. tholloni. The results obtained showed that the digestive tracts of fish Oreochromis niloticus host 8 species of parasites grouped in 6 genera, 6 families, 4 classes and 2 branches. The species belonging to the phylum Nemathelminths branch were more abundant (58.8%) than Plathelminths (41.2%). Species Trichurus trichiura (23.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (20.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (14.7%), Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercarlantum (11.8%) were the most frequently observed. On the other hand, microscopic analyses of the digestive tract of Tilapia tholloni revealed the presence of five species of parasites belonging to 3 branches, 4 classes, 4 families and 4 genera. Nemathelminthes (58.3%) and Plathelminthes (25%) are the most represented phylum than Amoebians (16.7%). Enterobius vermicularis (33.3%), Trichocephalus trichuris (25%), Schistosoma haematobium (20.8%) and Entemoeba hystolica (16.7%) were frequently observed. These results confirm the presence of endoparasites in congolese freshwater fish. This information is important in setting up a strategy to protect fish and consumers against these pathogens.

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Abdul Kari, Zulhisyam, Wendy Wee, and Lee Seong Wei. "Citrus microcarpa extract as bio-immunostimulator for Edwardsiellosis in red hybrid tilapia culture." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 6, no. 1 (September 2, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.721.

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This paper described the application of Citrus microcarpa extract as bio-immunostimulator in red hybrid tilapia against Edwardsiellosis infection. Edwardsiellosis due to Edwardsiella tarda is one of the well-known bacterial diseases in aquaculture which leads to significant economic losses. The increasing antibiotic resistant cases among pathogenic bacteria led to many commercial antibiotics no longer effective in controlling bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Hence, in the present study was carried out to evaluate potential of C. microcarpa extract as immunostimulator against Edwardsiellosis infection in red hybrid tilapia. Comparison in terms of cumulative mortalities and antibody response against E. tarda among group of fish received C. microcarpa extract at different concentrations (CM1-1, 1 g kg-1 of fish; CM-2, 2 g kg-1 of fish and CM-4, 4 g kg-1 of fish) and group of fish received no medicated commercial feed (control) was carried out in the present study. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor antibody response of fish that received medicated feed. The results of the present study showed that the values of antibody response against E. tarda of fish after seven days received C. microcarpa extract (CM-1, 0.113 ± 0.02 OD; CM-2, 0.14 ± 0.02 OD; CM-4, 0.173 ± 0.03 OD) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to fish from group of control (0.0 OD). Whereas cumulative mortality of fish from group of control (53.3 ± 11.5 %) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to fish from all of groups received C. microcarpa extract (CM-1, 13.3 ± 5.8 %; CM-2, 13.3 ± 5.8 % and CM-4, 6.7 ± 5.8 %). The results indicated the potential of C. microcarpa extract as immunostimulator in finfish culture.

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De Freitas Souza, Carine, Matheus D. Baldissera, Camila Marina Verdi, Roberto C. V. Santos, Maria Izabel U. M. Da Rocha, Marcelo L. da Veiga, Aleksandro S. da Silva, and Bernardo Baldisserotto. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus experimentally infected by Providencia rettgeri." Microbial Pathogenesis 131 (June 2019): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.007.

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Khidr, A. A. "Population dynamics of Enterogyrus cichlidarum (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) from the stomach of Tilapia spp. in Egypt." International Journal for Parasitology 20, no. 6 (October 1990): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(90)90007-a.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tilapia – Diseases'

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