Journal articles: 'Till characterization'

1

Ferris, David Milo, Greg Potter, and Grant Ferguson. "Characterization of the hydraulic conductivity of glacial till aquitards." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02161-7.

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Lukas, William G., Don J. DeGroot, David W. Ostendorf, and Erich S. Hinlein. "Multi-scale hydrogeologic characterization of a leaky till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer system." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 12 (December 2015): 1945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0296.

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The paper presents hydrogeologic properties for a leaky till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer system based on geophysical and hydraulic tests performed at a drumlin located in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. The site profile consists of a fractured bedrock aquifer overlain by a 30 m thick unweathered, coarse-grained till aquitard. Steady state, decadal scale, hydraulics varied little until seasonal irrigation pumping was initiated in recent years, causing a substantial annual drawdown in the aquifer and leakage from the overlying till. High frequency hydraulic head data sets collected in monitoring wells record the hydraulic response to the irrigation pumping. These data sets, together with results from small scale slug and purge tests performed in monitoring wells, are used to characterize the hydrogeologic behavior of this groundwater system. Geophysical logging performed in bedrock wells confirmed the presence of numerous flowing fractures. The large-scale continuum analysis of the fractured bedrock aquifer response to the irrigation pumping yields transmissivity values consistent with those determined from the small-scale, short-term purge test results. The low hydraulic conductivity till has a significant impact on the drawdown behavior of the fractured bedrock aquifer. Calibrated values from the collective data sets and analyses result in the following properties for the 30 m thick unweathered till: hydraulic conductivity K′ = 7.2 × 10−9 m/s, transmissivity T′ = 2.3 × 10−8 m2/s, and storativity S′ = 2.7 × 10−4, and for the underlying fractured bedrock aquifer: T = 6.5 × 10−6 m2/s with an average fracture aperture of 46 μm and hydraulic conductivity Kf = 1.3 × 10−3 m/s. These results should describe similar unweathered coarse-grained till–mantled fractured bedrock aquifer systems and provide useful data for preliminary analyses prior to any site-specific investigations.

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NAYEEM, ABDUL, K. YADAIAH, G. VAJRALINGAM, P. MAHESH, and M. NAGABHOOSHANAM. "STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CO-PRECIPITATED Cd1-xZnxS:Cu CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 03 (January 30, 2002): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202008099.

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Structural characterization of Cd 1-x Zn x S : Cu solid solutions were carried out with 0≤x≤1. XRD studies have revealed that the compounds are polycrystalline in nature having either Hexagonal (wurtzite) or Cubic (Zincblende) structure irrespective of their composition. Also the compounds have shown the most preferred reflections due to the plane [101] of CdS(H) and [111] of ZnS(C) in addition to other prominent reflections. The various structural parameters such as lattice constant, average internal stress, micro strain, dislocaion density, grain size, and preferred orientation were correlated with the composition. The lattice constant decreased linearly with the increase in Zn concentration. The sign of internal stress indicated elongational and compressional natures corresponding to hexagonal and cubic phases of CdS respectively. The variation of micro strain appeared to be conjugate when compared to grain size variation, and the variation of dislocation density with the composition showed a higher dislocation density till x=0.4 and then decreased till x=0.8 and then increased. The degree of preferred orientation in mixed Cd 1-x Zn x S : Cu crystals as observed by the maximum peak intensity of CdS(H) and ZnS(C) reflection showed that the degree of preferred orientation remained almost constant till x=0.6 and then increased. The results were explained on the basis of different phases of the compound and the defects related to Zn atoms.

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Sharma, Sathi, Arkabrata Gupta, Balaram Dey, M. Roy Chowdhury, A. Mandal, A. Bisoi, V. Nanal, L. C. Tribedi, and M. Saha Sarkar. "Characterization of an electrically cooled BEGe detector till Eγ∼7 MeV." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 964 (June 2020): 163810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.163810.

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5

Harrar, William G., Lawrence C. Murdoch, Bertel Nilsson, and Knud Erik S. Klint. "Field characterization of vertical bromide transport in a fractured glacial till." Hydrogeology Journal 15, no. 8 (June 1, 2007): 1473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0198-5.

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Ronayne, Michael J., Tyler B. Houghton, and John D. Stednick. "Field characterization of hydraulic conductivity in a heterogeneous alpine glacial till." Journal of Hydrology 458-459 (August 2012): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.036.

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Bancuta, Oana Roxana, Andrei Chilian, Iulian Bancuta, Radu Setnescu, Tanta Setnescu, and Rodica Mariana Ion. "Thermal Characterization of Resveratrol." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6322.

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In this paper was studied effect of temperature on the trans-resveratrol till to total degradation by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. Using statistical methods, it was observed that trans-resveratrol is unstable to higher temperatures than 100 �C, even in the absence of light. However, at temperatures up to 70 � C, resveratrol was found to be enough stable for time periods as short as 30 min. Pearson correlations of absorbance values at 304 nm (characteristic for trans-resveratrol) and 286 nm (characteristic for cis-resveratrol) shown that no conversion of trans-resveratrol to cis resveratrol is produced at elevated experimental temperatures.

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8

Christiansen, Camilla Maymann, Charlotte Riis, Stine B. Christensen, Mette M. Broholm, Anders G. Christensen, Knud Erik S. Klint, Judith S. A. Wood, Peter Bauer-Gottwein, and Poul L. Bjerg. "Characterization and Quantification of Pneumatic Fracturing Effects at a Clay Till Site." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 2 (January 2008): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071294s.

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9

Oviatt, N. M., S. A. Gleeson, R. C. Paulen, M. B. McClenaghan, and S. Paradis. "Characterization and dispersal of indicator minerals associated with the Pine Point Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) district, Northwest Territories, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 9 (September 2015): 776–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0108.

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A glacial dispersal study was conducted around a subcropping Pb–Zn deposit (O28) in the Pine Point Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) district, Northwest Territories, Canada, with the intent of characterizing and documenting the indicator minerals and their dispersal from a known orebody. Mapping of striations adjacent to deposit O28, and throughout the Pine Point district, along with observed glacial stratigraphy, indicate that there are three phases of ice flow that have affected the Pine Point district. Sphalerite, galena, and pyrite were identified in mineralized bedrock samples at deposit O28, and sphalerite and galena were recovered from the sand fraction of till samples up to 500 m from the mineralized subcrop. The majority of sphalerite and galena grains recovered from till samples down-ice of deposit O28 were 0.25–0.5 mm in size. Size and morphology of sphalerite grains in till demonstrate relative proximity to their bedrock source, with the largest and more angular grains being closer to the ore zone (<50 m) whereas smaller and more rounded grains occur further down-ice (∼250 m). The paragenesis, textures, major-element concentrations, and S and Pb isotopic compositions of bedrock samples from deposit O28 and from newly drilled core from four other deposits were characterized. Concentrations of Zn in bedrock sphalerite grains range from 43.95 to 67.48 wt.%, concentrations of S range from 32.03 to 34.01 wt.%, and concentrations of Fe range from 0.02 to 16.94 wt.%. The Fe concentration in bedrock sphalerite decreases from east to west across the district. Concentrations of S in galena grains in bedrock range from 12.50 to 14.00 wt.% and have a bimodal distribution. Generally, the geochemistry of sphalerite grains recovered from till were statistically similar to bedrock grains recovered from deposits O28 and L65. Major-element concentrations were statistically the same between the sphalerite grains recovered from till and the honey-brown and cleiophane varieties in the bedrock samples. Galena grains recovered from till samples were similar to the cubic and fracture-fill varieties of grains recovered from bedrock in the R190 and M67 deposits. Sulphur isotopic values for sphalerite grains from bedrock range from 20.6‰ to 24.2‰, while those from till samples range from −5.3‰ to 24.4‰. Lead isotopic ratios for galena grains from bedrock and till samples had very little variation, which is a characteristic of the Pine Point district. The S and Pb isotopic studies as well as major-element geochemistry suggest that indicator minerals derived from Pine Point-type mineralization can be distinguished from those sourced from other types of carbonate-hosted mineralized systems (e.g., Cordilleran zinc–lead deposits) and that the methods here can be used as exploration tools for identifying MVT deposit provenance or potential. The results of this study present criteria and highlights additional methods for exploration of MVT deposits in glaciated terrain.

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Przulj, Novo, and Vojislava Momcilovic. "Characterization of vegetative and grain filling periods of winter wheat by stepwise regression procedure: I. Vegetative period." Genetika 43, no. 2 (2011): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1102349p.

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Modeling plant growth by mathematical functions is important for understanding plant development and growth. Most of the models of dry matter accumulation in small cereals simulated the period of grain filling while small attention has been devoted to mathematical simulation of vegetative period till anthesis. The aim of this research was to determine the most appropriate polynomial non-linear regression for dry matter accumulation till anthesis in winter wheat. Pobeda, a medium early variety, was used as model genotype for this research. A 5-year field data were analyzed by the forward procedure of stepwise regression. Although the procedure requires the maximum power of the polynomial regression to be used, we suggest using a lower power since it is easier for understanding and explanation and it is taking into account literature sources and biological laws. It can be accepted that quadratic regression model appropriately fits the process of dry matter accumulation till anthesis in winter wheat.

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11

Groves, Paul, Giovanni Cascante, Dave Dundas, and P. K. Chatterji. "Use of geophysical methods for soil profile evaluation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 9 (September 2011): 1364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-044.

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A geophysical investigation was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of three geophysical methods (electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), seismic refraction (SR), and multiple-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW)) for geotechnical site characterization in swamps and environmentally sensitive wetland areas. The geophysical test results were verified against the results from borehole and cone penetrometer test logs. The ERI results were best for determining the depth to the glacial till. However, the resolution of the ERI survey was not sufficient to accurately predict the upper lithologies. The electrode spacing (4 m) was instead selected to reliably predict the depth to the till, which in this case varied between 4.6 and 10.7 m. The SR results overestimated the depth to the till because of the presence of a stiffness reversal. The MASW results predicted the depth to the refusal till layer less accurately than the ERI method. However, this method was able to detect the three distinct layers above the till, even though the layer thicknesses were consistently underestimated. The complementary use of geophysical techniques was a successful approach in determining the main soil units and the depth to the competent layer (till) at the site. These methods can be used as a basis for further development to optimize a procedure to reduce the number of boreholes required for conventional site investigations in areas that are environmentally sensitive or where access is restricted.

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12

Leschber, Reimar. "Sludge characterization and standardization methods: development, status, trends." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0387.

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A short history of sludge characterization is given leading from sewage and sewage sludge treatment in former times to modern water and soil pollution control with resulting needs of sludge investigation and analysis. The progress in this field in the Federal Republic of Germany from the sixties till today is given as an example and the connections with the development in Europe with special regard to the concerted Action COST 68/681 of the Commission of the European Communities between 1972 and 1990 are described. Finally, the present situation is delineated which is determined by the work of the CEN Technical Committee 308 “Sludge characterization”, which was founded in May 1993.

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13

Ferdaus, Mohammad Meftahul, Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid, Mst Nafisa Tamanna Shanta, and Muhammad Hasibul Hasan. "Experimental Investigation on Magnetorheological Damper’s Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.476.

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Magnetorheological (MR) damper is one of the most advanced application of semi active devices. Its use is increasing day by day due to its huge advantages and wide range of application. The force delivered by MR damper can be varied by changing the viscosity of its internal MR fluids. Till now no details experimental analysis has been accomplished by considering various parameters. In this paper a brief experimental analysis has been investigated with the help of Universal Testing Machine to characterize MR damper. To characterize accurately MR damper has been analyzed experimentally for different stroke length, stroke rate, stroke mode. From the experimental results it is seen that the force delivered by MR damper has a proportional relation with input excitation current, stroke length and stroke rate.

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14

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Biochemical Characterization for Lipid Synthesis in Aspergillus niger." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2016): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.375-382.

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A niger, a fungus which doesn't have high ability to production lipid, this fungus has been select to investigate the non oleaginicity. In this search, there are explorations about: i) growth profile ii) enzymes profile iii) isoforms. Growth profile shows that this fungus doesn't have ability to accumulate lipid more than 6% while bio mass are around 10g/l in spite of the presence of glucose in the media till the end of cultivation time and excision of nitrogen within 24 hrs. In enzyme study, we investigate all lipogenic enzymes Malic enzyme (ME), Fatty acid synthase (FAS), ATP: Citrate lays (ACL), NAD+ isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+ICDH), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), all these enzymes show, activities till the end of cultivation time including ACL which is regarded the key enzyme to differentiate between the two species oleaginous and non oleaginous. So, there is no main reason to non oleaginicity for this fungus. A further experiment has been done using Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify ME isoforms. The result of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows multi isoforms (A, B, C, D & E), with low intensity of isoform E, the isoforms that may involve in lipid synthesis. We have now studied the biochemistry of A.niger grown under conditions designed to promote lipid accumulation and can now advance a coherent hypothesis to explain why A niger could not accumulate lipid more than 6%. So the absence of isoforme E is the main reason for non oleaginicity in A niger.

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15

TUTENEL, A. V., D. PIERARD, J. URADZINSKI, E. JOZWIK, M. PASTUSZCZAK, J. VAN HENDE, M. UYTTENDAELE, et al. "Isolation and characterization of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle in Belgium and Poland." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 1 (August 2002): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007197.

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EHEC O157 were isolated from faeces of Belgian and Polish beef slaughter cattle. In Belgium, 1281 faecal samples were analysed by immunomagnetic separation [IMS] after enrichment in buffered peptone water from June 1998 till July 1999. Eighty-one samples (6.3%) were positive for E. coli O157. Phage type 8 was most frequently found. Bulls between 1 and 2 years old, slaughtered in September and October were most frequently found positive. Atypical biochemical features were observed in some isolates: 22 (27%) isolates were urease positive and 1 (1.2%) isolate was unable to ferment lactose. In Poland, 551 faecal samples, taken from January 1999 till December 1999, were examined using exactly the same techniques. Four faecal samples (0.7%) were positive for O157 EHEC, yielding seven phage type 8 isolates. All positive samples were from cattle younger than 2 years. Positive samples occurred in August, September and October.

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Thoma, Johannes, and Björn M. Burmann. "Fake It ‘Till You Make It—The Pursuit of Suitable Membrane Mimetics for Membrane Protein Biophysics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010050.

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Membrane proteins evolved to reside in the hydrophobic lipid bilayers of cellular membranes. Therefore, membrane proteins bridge the different aqueous compartments separated by the membrane, and furthermore, dynamically interact with their surrounding lipid environment. The latter not only stabilizes membrane proteins, but directly impacts their folding, structure and function. In order to be characterized with biophysical and structural biological methods, membrane proteins are typically extracted and subsequently purified from their native lipid environment. This approach requires that lipid membranes are replaced by suitable surrogates, which ideally closely mimic the native bilayer, in order to maintain the membrane proteins structural and functional integrity. In this review, we survey the currently available membrane mimetic environments ranging from detergent micelles to bicelles, nanodiscs, lipidic-cubic phase (LCP), liposomes, and polymersomes. We discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages as well as their suitability for downstream biophysical and structural characterization. Finally, we take a look at ongoing methodological developments, which aim for direct in-situ characterization of membrane proteins within native membranes instead of relying on membrane mimetics.

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Sana, Niranjan Kumar, Narayan Roy ., Kamal Krishna Biswas ., and Entazul M. Huque . "Isolation and Characterization of Carbohydrate Binding Protein (Lectin) from Sesame Oil Seed (Sesamum indicum, Till)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.233.236.

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Fjordbøge, Annika S., Gry S. Janniche, Torben H. Jørgensen, Bernt Grosen, Gary Wealthall, Anders G. Christensen, Henriette Kerrn-Jespersen, and Mette M. Broholm. "Integrity of Clay Till Aquitards to DNAPL Migration: Assessment Using Current and Emerging Characterization Tools." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 37, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12217.

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Lavin, Lucianne, and Donald R. Prothero. "Prehistoric Procurement of Secondary Sources: The Case for Characterization." North American Archaeologist 13, no. 2 (October 1992): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wfxt-26nx-xbp6-x09d.

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Lithic source identification is a new and exciting subfield of archaeology. Sourcing studies often concentrate on prehistoric quarry areas within primary, or in situ, bedrock outcrops. Other important but underrated resources are primary, non-quarry outcrops and secondary, redeposited materials such as glacial till and water-laid gravels. This article discusses the characterization of chert sources by petrographic, or thin section analysis, and assesses the technique's usefulness in identifying specific rock units as the raw material source for prehistoric artifacts. Data from source areas and from archaeological sites in the Delaware and lower Hudson drainages of New Jersey and New York are used to illustrate the need for analysis of non-quarry chert source localities.

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Wang, Jyh-Lih, I.-Fei Tsu, X. Y. Cai, R. J. Kelley, M. D. Vaudin, S. E. Babcock, and D. C. Larbalestier. "Electromagnetic and microstructural investigations of a naturally grown 8° [001] tilt bicrystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu208 + x." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 4 (April 1996): 868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0108.

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Electromagnetic characterization and high resolution transmission electron microscopy have been conducted on the same 8° [001] symmetrical (010) tilt boundary in a naturally grown, bulk-scale bicrystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + x (BSCCO-2212). The resistive transition showed excess resistance above and below Tc, suggesting some weak coupling at the boundary, but the inter- and intragranular voltage-current characteristics, irreversibility fields, and critical current density (Jc) values were very similar and characteristic of strongly coupled grains and grain boundary. The misorientation was accommodated by a set of partial dislocations with the Frank spacing of 1.9 nm. The dislocation cores appeared to be separated by relatively undistorted regions of crystal. The Jc, values at 25 K exceeded 103 A/cm2 in fields of several tesla, more than two orders of magnitude larger than that found earlier in [001] twist boundaries of BSCCO-2212. This result is consistent with the view that low angle [001] till boundaries play an important role for current transport in polycrystalline BSCCO tapes.

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Hajare, Raju, and C. Lakshminarayana. "Design and software characterization of finFET based full adders." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v8.i1.pp51-60.

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Adder is the most important arithmetic block that are used in all processors. Most of the logical circuits till today were designed using Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET’s). In order to reduce chip area, leakage power and to increase switching speed, MOSFET’s were continuously scaled down. Further scaling below 45nm, MOSFET’s suffers from Short Channel Effects (SCE’s) which leads to degraded performance of the device. Here the Performance of 28T and 16T MOSFET based 1-bit full adder cell is characterized and compared with FinFET based 28T and 16T 1-bit full adders at various technology nodes using HSPICE software. Results show that FinFET based full adder design gives better performance in terms of speed, power and reliability compared to MOSFET based full adder designs. Hence FinFET are promising candidates and better replacement for MOSFET.

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Ren, Xiang Zhong, Xi Li, Pei Xin Zhang, Jian Hong Liu, Qian Ling Zhang, and Zhong Kuang Luo. "Synthesis and Characterization of LiFePO₄ / PPy Composite Powders." Advanced Materials Research 58 (October 2008): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.58.205.

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A series of lithium iron phosphate /polypyrrole (LiFePO4/PPy) composite powders were synthesized by chemical oxidation method with different doping agent and oxidation agent. The composite powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the composite powders composed of PPy and LiFePO4. And the doping of polypyrrole in LiFePO4 could weaken the XRD intensity of LiFePO4 , but could not destroy its crystallization. With the increase of pyrrole in LiFePO4/ PPy composite powders, the polypyrrole on the surface of LiFePO4 increased and dispersed more homogeneously. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicated the heat-stability of LiFePO4/PPy was very good that the composite powders would not oxidate till 300°C in the air flow.

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Lakatos, Ákos, and Anton Trnik. "Thermal characterization of fibrous aerogel blanket." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928201001.

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Nowadays, the application of thermal insulation materials both by the existing and by new buildings is one of the most important actions in order to reduce the energy loss of buildings. Besides the use of the conventional insulations (plastic foams and wool materials) aerogel is one of the most promising thermal insulation material. Aerogels, one of the lightest solid materials available today, are manufactured through the combination of a polymer with a solvent forming a gel. For buildings the fibre reinforced ones are the mainly used types. It is produced by adding the liquid-solid solution to the fibrous batting. In this paper changes in the thermal performance of the aerogel blanket will be followed after thermal annealing. The samples will be put under isothermal heat treatments at 70 °C for 6 weeks, as well as they will be put under thermal treatment at higher temperatures (from 70 °C till 210 °C) for 1 day. The changes in the thermal conductivity will be followed by Holometrix Lambda heat flow meter, as well as, Differential Scanning Calorimetry results will be presented. From the measured values, thermal properties will be calculated. In this paper we will try to clarify the role played by thermal annealing in thermal diffusivity.

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Putra, Ivan Permana, and Mega Putri Amelya. "Mycological Characterization Of White Pustule Symptom On Ipomea Reptans Poir Leaves In Bogor-Indonesia." Biosel: Biology Science and Education 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/bs.v9i1.1316.

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Ipomoea reptans Poir. (Convolvulaceae) is one of the favorite vegetables consumed by Indonesian citizens. However, the plant is commonly infected by white pustule symptom of particular pathogen on it’s leaves. The pustule known as white blister, is common disease in I. reptans Poir. leaves in Indonesia. Even so, till time, there was no microscopic description of this pathogen ever provided in previous reports in Indonesia. This study aimed to provide the biological information on the morphological and microscopic characteristics of the certain pathogen. The result revealed that the microorganism was Albugo ipomeae-aquaticae Sawada with brief characteristics in the following result.

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Ginwal, H. S., P. Chauhan, S. Barthwal, A. Sharma, and R. Sharma. "Short Note: Cross-Species Amplification and Characterization of Pinus Chloroplast Microsatellite Markers in Cedrus deodara Roxb." Silvae Genetica 60, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2011): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2011-0009.

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AbstractThe study reports the transferability of chloroplast microsatellite markers developed forPinusspecies toCedrus deodara. A total of 49 primer pairs (both nuclear and chloroplast) of Pinus species were tested inC. deodaraout of which 21 chloroplast primers showed positive amplification and 20 were found polymorphic. The primers were screened on 100 adult trees of two natural populations ofC. deodara. Using twenty cpSSR primers, a total of 64 variants were found which combined in 70 different haplotypes. The total haplotype diversity in two populations was 0.860 and 0.876 with a mean of 0.868. These sets of markers can further be used for population genetic studies and characterization inC. deodarafor which no cpSSR markers have been reported till date.

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Han, Ji-Hun, Da-Young Chang, Young-Joon Lee, Haeyoung Suh-Kim, and Sung-Soo Kim. "STEM-01. CHARACTERIZATION OF ORTHOTOPIC GLIOBLASTOMA MODEL FOR THE GENE-AND CELL THERAPY." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.975.

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Abstract Intrinsic heterogeneous and infiltrative nature of glioblastoma cells to the adjacent normal brain parenchyma are the main obstacles to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The infiltrative nature of GBM increases following various treatments, which often leads to tumor recurrence. U87 cell line, a commonly used as a GBM cell line till recently, has appeared inappropriate for GBM model. Thus, we established an orthotopic GBM model using another cell line, LN229. Here, we discuss the infiltrative nature of LN229 in the mouse brain and their interaction with adjacent brain microenvironment. We also show that the LN229-driven brain tumor model is appropriate for the study of mesenchymal stem cell-mediated gene therapy using deliver a bacterial suicide gene, cytosine deaminase (CD).

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SINHA, U., S. SATHAIAH, R. N. SONI, H. D. BIST, S. C. MATHUR, and D. C. DUBE. "CHARACTERIZATION AND MICRO-RAMAN STUDIES OF Bi2−xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) SUPERCONDUCTOR." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 10 (April 30, 1994): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984994000625.

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The X-ray diffraction (XRD), ac susceptibility, dc resistivity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements on Bi 2−x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) superconductors have been correlated with the Raman scattering studies. Remarkable increases in the transition temperature and percentage volume of high T c phase are found till x = 0.4. Raman spectra also reveal dramatic changes at x = 0.4 in the phonon modes at 625 and 460 cm −1 associated with oxygen vibrations in BiO plane and apical oxygen of CuO 5 pyramid, respectively. The observed changes have been attributed to the phenomenon of oxygen redistribution among various layers. Optimum solubility limit of Pb substitution is found to be x = 0.4.

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Jiang, Feng Dan, Guo Hua Hu, and Li Qun Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composites with Multi Functional Performance." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.765.

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A melt blending process was employed to prepare nano-composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The content of MWNT filled in TPU was increased till 40phr (parts per hundreds of rubber). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the unmodified MWNT were dispersed uniformly in the TPU matrix beyond expectation. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) test demonstrated that the nano-composites possessed greatly increased modulus, and the flowing temperature moved to higher temperature with increasing MWNT content. Moreover, the nano-composites exhibited improved wear resistance, evidently increased thermal conductivity, and prominently raised electrical conductivity that might mean the TPU/MWNT nano-composites have potential application as multi-functional materials.

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Kaulgud, A., A. Crugnola, T. Vasilos, and C. Sung. "Microstructural Characterization of a New Polytetrafluoroethylene for Artificial Hip Prosthesis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038113.

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All joints in the human body are subject to destruction by disease and trauma. Although the modem concept of joint replacements dates back to 1800's, polymeric material were not utilized till 1940's [1]. Early experiments were conducted with polymethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene. The results were disappointing with the polymeric material either quick fracturing or wearing at an extreme rapid rate. Microstructures were not well investigated as a function of processing conditions.The goal of this research is to eliminate the presence of oxygen within the components during its processing operations, which is responsible for early failure of polytetrafluoroethylene. One approach to eliminate or reduce the amount of oxygen would be processing the PTFE resin in vacuum conditions. This research is aimed towards investigating the microstructure of PTFE when processed under vacuum conditions using SEM and TEM along with EDXS.The fabricated PTFE billet samples were received from Dewal Industries, NJ and the PTFE components in vacuum conditions, processed at University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML) were studied using microscopic techniques.

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He, Guan Jun, and Ai Min Diao. "Safety Assessment and Remaining Service Life Prediction of Sandwich Marine Air Bottles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.324.

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Based on the fatigue failure analysis of marine air bottles, the research on the safety assessment and remaining service life prediction is conducted in this paper. Particularly, the method of sandwich evaluation is obtained via sandwich characterization and the formula to calculate the fatigue crack growth rate is obtained via fatigue crack testing: three typical types of sandwich on marine air bottles are investigated, and the corresponding safety assessment results as well as the critical sandwich size are obtained. It is seen that the theoretical formula is valid, and that the air bottle can be safely used till next cycle as long as the initial sandwich angle depth less than 10°.

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Shamsudin, M. S., and S. M. Sanip. "A Review on Graphene Evidenced by Raman Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.509.

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The unsurpassed and exceptional properties of graphene (Gr) have prompted significant progress toward Gr-based applications, and have furthermore unleashed a host of complimentary two-dimensional materials that provide new, and emerging technologies synergistic with an already well-established Gr science. The Raman spectroscopy reveals both basic and advance features. It emerged as an important optical and structural characterization tool, following in the footsteps of related form of carbon. Till date, no comprehensive descriptions of Raman spectroscopy on Gr characterization have been published yet. This is to say that, no review can possibly complete. We have presented an extensive overview of the Raman spectroscopy, filled-up this gap and discussed the theoretical background associated with the Gr and other carbon-based materials, and some thoughts about the future of this field are highlighted. Thus, it would be used as a reference guide for the utilization of Raman spectroscopy to investigate the various features of Gr and carbon-based materials.

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Chevalier, Florian, Javier Leon, X. Perpiña, Dominique Tournier, Xavier Jordá, Josep Montserrat, and Phillippe Godignon. "IR Lock-In Thermography Analysis to Evidence Dynamic Mis-Behavior of SiC Device Prototypes." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.801.

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This paper deals with the geometry of a high voltage (1200 V) vertical JFET made with 4H silicon carbide, inspired by SIT or commercial solutions like Semisouth's one (principle exposed in Fig. 1). A first layout was designed allowing an easy integration of a free-wheeling diode. Indeed with the maturity of SiC JFET fabrication process, nowadays' trend is the high integration level of a complete power electronics system. This paper will focus on the distribution of the gate potential or the source current across the device and the relation that could be done with the switching delay. The measurements start with the classical I–V static characterization from room temperature till 225°C. After packaging the best dies, the switching behavior is studied. Gate bias and temperature dependence is also investigated. In order to fully understand the conducting/blocking or switching mechanisms, some further measurements using lock-in infrared thermography (LIRT) technique was led. Thus, with this complete characterization methodology the device layout can be improved.

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Majthoub, Moh′d Mamoun Al. "Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Through Thermal Decomposition Method of New Solid Ni(II) Schiff Base Complex." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 7014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5662.

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New of Ni(II) Schiff base complex, [Ni(Benzthio)2], was prepared and discussed by microanalytical, magnetic susceptibility and infrared spectroscopic measurements. The thermal decomposition of nickel(II) Schiff base complex at 600 °C for 3 hrs till constant weight yielded to NiO pure oxide in nano scale range. FT-IR spectra checked and approved the structures of Schiff base chelate, Ni(II) complex and NiO. The surface morphology of crystalline structure of NiO in nanosize was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).

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Makvandi, Sheida, Philippe Pagé, Jonathan Tremblay, and Réjean Girard. "Exploration for Platinum-Group Minerals in Till: A New Approach to the Recovery, Counting, Mineral Identification and Chemical Characterization." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030264.

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The discovery of new mineral deposits contributes to the sustainable mineral industrial development, which is essential to satisfy global resource demands. The exploration for new mineral resources is challenging in Canada since its vast lands are mostly covered by a thick layer of Quaternary sediments that obscure bedrock geology. In the course of the recent decades, indicator minerals recovered from till heavy mineral concentrates have been effectively used to prospect for a broad range of mineral deposits including diamond, gold, and base metals. However, these methods traditionally focus on (visual) investigation of the 0.25–2.0 mm grain-size fraction of unconsolidated sediments, whilst our observations emphasize on higher abundance, or sometimes unique occurrence of precious metal (Au, Ag, and platinum-group elements) minerals in the finer-grained fractions (<0.25 mm). This study aims to present the advantages of applying a mineral detection routine initially developed for gold grains counting and characterization, to platinum-group minerals in <50 µm till heavy mineral concentrates. This technique, which uses an automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, can provide quantitative mineralogical and semi-quantitative chemical data of heavy minerals of interest, simultaneously. This work presents the mineralogical and chemical characteristics, the grain size distribution, and the surface textures of 2664 discrete platinum-group mineral grains recovered from the processing of 5194 glacial sediment samples collected from different zones in the Canadian Shield (mostly Quebec and Ontario provinces). Fifty-eight different platinum-group mineral species have been identified to date, among which sperrylite (PtAs2) is by far the most abundant (n = 1488; 55.86%). Textural and mineral-chemical data suggest that detrital platinum-group minerals in the studied samples have been derived, at least in part, from Au-rich ore systems.

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Lee, H. L., M. Abu Bakar, J. Ismail, and A. M. Issam. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CdS IN DIOL VANILIN LIQUID CRYSTAL MONOMER." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2010): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21687.

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Nanocomposites comprising diol-vanilin and cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been synthesized via chemical precipitation method in ethanol at refluxed temperature (160 oC) for 12 hours. CdCl2. 2.5H2O and thiourea as cadmium and sulfide precursors respectively were employed. Diol vanilin is a thermotropic liquid crystal monomer which exhibits enantiotropic nematic metaphase texture when observed under polarizing microscope and confirmed by DSC thermal stability study. A series of different mass composition of diol vanilin and CdS nanocomposites ranging from 0.1:1.0 till 1.0:1.0(w/w) were prepared and characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, POM and DSC. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed broad peaks due to the formation of cubic CdS nanoparticles in diol vanilin matrix. The nanocomposites at low mass composition of CdS still maintained their nematic phase. However, the liquid crystal property was affected when the mass composition of CdS in nanocomposite was increased and the liquid crystal characteristic vanished when the mass composition was at 0.6:1.0. . Keywords: CdS, diol vanilin, thermotropic liquid crystal, nanocomposite.

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Taina, Ioana A., Richard J. Heck, William Deen, and Eddie Y. T. Ma. "Quantification of freeze–thaw related structure in cultivated topsoils using X-ray computer tomography." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, no. 4 (September 2013): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-044.

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Taina, I. A., Heck, R. J., Deen, W. and Ma, E. Y. T. 2013. Quantification of freeze–thaw related structure in cultivated topsoils using X-ray computed tomography. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 533–553. The aim of this work was to test the utility of various CT procedures for the investigation of topsoil microstructural features formed under the influence of annual freeze–thaw processes in an agricultural Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol. Assuming that various tillage systems have different propensity to develop and preserve these features, soil cores were collected, prior to spring tillage, from plots characterized by no-till, moldboard plow and disc tillage systems. Micromorphological characterization of CT imagery indicated that soils from no-till treatments exhibited clearly developed platy structures. However, for two of these treatments, quantitative determinations of porosity in binary imagery did not reveal the presence of fine planar mesovoids associated with platy structures. Semivariograms of attenuation, in the three orthogonal axes of the CT imagery, revealed a higher dissimilarity in the vertical direction than in either horizontal direction in all the treatments that were most affected by freeze–thaw processes. The variability of the grayscale values along the soil vertical and horizontal directions were also employed to establish morphometric indices for the platy structure.

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Sundmark, Björn. "The Visual, the Verbal, and the Very Young: A Metacognitive Approach to Picturebooks." Acta Didactica Norge 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.5642.

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AbstractThe article draws on recent research into emergent literacy and metacognition, and charts a developmental trajectory from early concept books to picturebooks aimed at children and young teenagers. Methodologically, the study is a research synthesis, where the aim is to systematize current research findings and offer an overview of different types of picturebooks, and how they build literary and metacognitive competence. My thesis is that picturebooks are crucial in that process. The analysis focuses on the metacognitive affordances that can be found in picturebooks directed at different age groups/competence levels. Both the verbal and visual dimensions of the text are analyzed with the help of picturebook and comic book theory (iconotext, sequentiality). The results show that early concept books are surprisingly abstract; they stimulate the child’s aesthetic-affective response by using clear colours and easily discernible shapes. In the next stage, things (nouns) from the child’s close environment are represented. Naming and identifying are crucial activities at this stage. Verb-oriented concept books follow; these typically focus on simple actions from the child’s lifeworld, such as getting dressed, or eating. Next, we find narrative picturebooks, in which the fundamentals of story, plot, and characterization are introduced. Finally, the potential for advanced storytelling is explored with regard to symbolism, irony, and character development.Keywords: picturebooks, early concept books, metacognition, iconotext, narrative picturebooksBilderbokens berättelser: Ett metakognitivt perspektiv på bilderböckerSammanfattningDen här artikeln bygger på nyare forskning om literacyutveckling och metacognition, och kartlägger utvecklingslinjer från tidiga begreppsböcker riktade till spädbarn till bilderböcker som vänder sig till barn och tonåringar. Metodologiskt är arbetet ett forskningssyntes, där målet är att systematisera forskningsrön, erbjuda en ålders- och/eller utvecklingsindelad bilderboksöversikt, samt påvisa hur dessa böcker kan bygga litterär och metakognitiv kompetens. Min tes är att bilderböcker spelar en avgörande roll i den processen. Analysen sätter fokus på de metakognitiva meningserbjudanden som kan återfinnas i olika bilderböcker. Såväl bild och skrift analyseras med hjälp av bilderboks- och serieteori. Resultaten visar att tidiga begreppsböcker är förvånansvärt abstrakta; de syftar främst till at stimulera barnets estetisk-affektiva respons genom användande av klara primärfärger och tydliga kontraster. I nästa skede återges saker och ting (substantiv) från barnets närmiljö. Verb-orienterade bilderböcker följer; dessa visar framför allt aktiviteter som barnet kan känna igen, som att äta, klä sig, eller gå och lägga sig. I nästa steg återfinns berättande bilderböcker. Där hittar vi berättandets grundbegrepp såsom handling, karaktär, konflikt. Till sist, i de mest sofistikerade bilderböckerna hittar vi symbolik, ironi, fördjupad karaktärsteckning och komplex tematik.Nyckelord: bilderböcker, begreppsböcker, metakognition, ikonotext, bilderboksnarrativ

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Reggiani, Barbara, Antonio Segatori, Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani, Alberto Terenzi, and Alberto Salice. "Comparison of Bulge Test vs. Conical Expansion Test for Hollow Extruded Profile Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 585 (December 2013): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.585.111.

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An experimental campaign on a tubular hollow profile, extruded in industrial environment at two ram speeds, was performed to compare two testing methodologies used for the assessment of the seam welds strength: the cone expansion and the bulge tests. In the former, a cone-shaped punch is driven into the tube causing the expansion till the specimen fracture; in the latter, an internal rubber plug is used to expand the specimen allowing to apply an hydrostatic tensile state. Results and repeatability of the two tests were analyzed in terms of loads and tube radius elongations at fracture; location and morphology of the fracture were also inspected. In each condition, and for both tests, ductile fractures appeared at seam weld location. The bulge test showed a significant reduced data scattering if compared to the cone test and provided more conservative outcomes in terms of elongation at fracture; in addition, it marked more prominently the effect of the increased ram speed that promoted a weld strength decay.

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Vijay Kumar, Gunti, and Pandu Brahmaji Rao. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENANTHRENE DEGRADATING BACTERIA FROM DAIRY WASTE SAMPLES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12160.

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Phenanthrene is the commonly used hazardous chemical in various industries and the detoxification is a big problem till today. In this study, phenanthrene degrading bacteria were isolated from dairy waste samples, characterized by molecular techniques. A total of 10 samples were collected respectively from different spots of dairy industry. Minimum salt agar medium with phenanthrene composition was used to isolate the pure culture of resistant bacterium. Morphological, biochemical tests were done to identify the phenanthrene degrading bacteria. The colonies of the isolates were circular to irregular in dairy samples. Phenanthrene tolerant bacteria were isolated after the dairy waste soil samples was serially diluted and transferred onto M9 minimal agar medium amended with 10mg/l of phenanthrene. A concentration of 10 mg/l was chosen based on the prevailing concentration. Four Phenanthrene tolerant bacteria from dairy waste (HW2, HW1, HW3, HW5) were isolated. From the biochemical and 16srRNA PCR amplification, the bacterium identified was Micrococcus leuteus. The resistance to Phenanthrene by the isolate was tested with various concentrations of Phenanthrene from 0 to 10mM. The Micrococcus luteus showed a MTC value of 28Cfu/ml at 8mM and Bacillus cereus showed least.

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NAYEEM, ABDUL, K. YADAIAH, G. VAJRALINGAM, P. MAHESH, and M. NAGABHOOSHANAM. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Cd1-xZnxS:Cu CRYSTALS BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 17 (July 10, 2001): 2387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007063.

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Copper doped Cd 1-x Zn x S compounds were prepared by controlled precipitation method with 0≤x≤1. The samples were characterized by X-ray, chemical analysis, optical absorption, and SEM studies. The X-ray studies have indicated that the compounds have polycrystalline nature with mixed Hexagonal and Cubic structure of CdS with x=0–0.6, the structure changed to a prominent cubic structure of ZnS with x>0.6. Optical studies have shown that the grain size increased with x varying from 0–0.2 and then it decreased. It was also observed that the optical energy gap decreased with x till x ⋍ 0.2, attained a minimum with x=0.2 and then it increased gradually. The values of E g obtained for CdS and ZnS were 2.21 eV and 2.53 eV. The chemical homogeneity of the samples was also observed from the EDAX and noted that the sulfur and copper contents remained almost the same, and the decrease in Cd and increase in Zn atoms occurred systematically. The results were explained on the basis of different phases formed and the role of copper impurity.

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Yang, Jie, Ming-Xiao Yang, Fang Zeng, Xi Wu, Jiao Chen, Yan-Qin Liu, Yue Feng, and Fan-Rong Liang. "Visualized Characterization for Cerebral Response of Acupuncture Deqi: Paradox Underway." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/894750.

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Acupuncture as an oriental natural healing therapy with prolonged history has been extensively utilized in the management of great numbers of disorders. Deqi, a renowned acupuncture needling sensation, is profoundly regarded as the predictor and also the prerequisite of a preferable acupuncture treatment efficacy. Till now, there is still no consistency being reached towards the mechanism of acupuncture Deqi as a result of the discrepancy for publicly acknowledged evidence. Recent visualized research on Deqi using modern technologies has demonstrated possible central mechanism towards it. However, there is a conspicuous paradox underway in the research of cerebral response to acupuncture Deqi. This paper provided a view of up-to-date studies using visualized tools to characterize the brain response to acupuncture Deqi, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The paradox was extruded to highlight certain reasons from a TCM view. It is hypothesized that acupoints located at different dermal sites, state of participant, and needling manipulation can all contribute to the current paradox. Hence, further studies on acupuncture Deqi should pay more attention to the strategy of experiment design with generalized measurement, valid sham control methods, and more to subjects in diseased condition.

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Freppaz, Michele, Mark W. Williams, Jacopo Gabrieli, Roberta Gorra, Ilaria Mania, Judith Ascher-Jenull, Markus Egli, and Luisella Celi. "Characterization of organic-rich mineral debris revealed by rapid glacier retreat, Indren Glacier, European Alps." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 6 (June 2021): 1521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6288-8.

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AbstractIn the summer of 2003 and 2004, characterized by a rapid glacier retreat, a stony surface covered by well-structured organic-rich mineral debris was observed very close to the Indren glacier terminus (Monte Rosa Massif, NW Italy, 3100 m ASL), on an area covered by the glacier tongue till the year before. The origin and type of this organic-rich material were investigated, in order to detect their characteristics, potential sources and fate within the foreland system. The deposits were dated using Carbon-14 and analyzed for the chemical characteristics of the organic component, the elemental composition of the mineral fraction and presence of microbial markers. The material, granular and dark in color, had a total organic carbon (TOC) content ranging between 17.4 ± 0.39 and 28.1 ± 0.63 g kg−1 dry weight (dw), significantly higher than the surrounding glacial till (~ 1.4 g kg−1 dw), although only 0.33% of it was in water soluble form. Microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accounted for 10.6% and 3.13% of TOC and total N, respectively. Dissolved nitrogen (N), mainly present as ammonium, represented 2.40% of the total N. The low aromatic component and large presence of nitrogen (N)-derived compounds suggested that most of the organic carbon (OC) in these organic-rich mineral deposits was derived from microbial cells, although the high average radiocarbon age of about 2900 years may also point to the contribution of aeolian depositions of anthropogenic or natural origin. Elemental composition and the crustal enrichment factor of trace elements in the mineral fraction of the aggregates corroborated the hypothesis that most part of the accumulated material derived from ice meltwater. Some indicators of the colonization of these deposits by microbial communities were also reported, from the abundance of DNA and phylogenetic markers, to the presence of bacterial taxa commonly able to thrive in similar habitats. All these elements suggested that such kind of deposits may have a potential role as energy and nutrient sources in recently deglaciated areas, highlighting the necessity to better understand the processes underlying their formation and their evolution.

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Dąbrowska, Agnieszka. "An analysis of grass (Poaceae) pollen seasons in Lublin in 2001-2008." Acta Agrobotanica 62, no. 2 (2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2009.030.

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Grass pollen allergens are a frequent cause of pollen allergy in Poland and other European countries. The research on aeroplankton conducted in Lublin since 2001 allows characterization of the course of grass pollen seasons and estimation of the effect of maximum and minimum temperatures, relative air humidity, precipitation and maximum wind velocity on the taxon's pollen concentration. The gravimetric method was used in the study. During the eight-year research period, the pollen season usually started in the first or second decade of May and, as a rule, it lasted till the end of August, and quite exceptionally, in 2002 and 2008 till mid-August. The mean length of the pollen season was 107 days. The highest grass pollen risk was observed in the 26th and 27th week. The highest annual counts reaching over 3600 pollen grains × cm-2 were noted in 2008, while in the other study years they ranged from 741 to 1909. The date of the pollen season onset and its course were highly dependent on weather conditions, which was confirmed by the statistical analysis. The greatest significant influence on the pollen season was exerted by maximum temperature, relative air humidity and the maximum wind.

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Peter, Ildiko, Mario Rosso, Christian Castella, and Roberto Molina. "Self-Hardening Alloys for Automotive Application." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.1221.

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In this paper a self-hardening Al-based alloy (AlZn10Si8Mg) is proposed for automotive applications as an alternative to the A357 (AlSi7Mg0.6) T6 heat treated alloy. The properties of the AlZn10Si8Mg alloy have been monitored and compared to those of the A357 alloy which is already employed in the targeted automotive industry. The samples have been submitted to microstructural analysis and mechanical characterization, while the presence of defects on the fractured surface has been identified by fracture surface analysis. A relationship between defects and mechanical performances has been identified. The corrosion resistance of the alloys has also been investigated according to the Standard BS 11846. On the basis of the results obtained till now, the AlZn10Si8Mg alloy is a good candidate for the proposed automotive application.

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Suzuki, Tomohiro, Corrado Altomare, Tomohiro Yasuda, and Toon Verwaest. "Characterization of Overtopping Waves on Sea Dikes with Gentle and Shallow Foreshores." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100752.

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Due to ongoing climate change, overtopping risk is increasing. In order to have effective countermeasures, it is useful to understand overtopping processes in details. In this study overtopping flow on a dike with gentle and shallow foreshores are investigated using a non-hydrostatic wave-flow model, SWASH (an acronym of Simulating WAves till SHore). The SWASH model in 2DV (i.e., flume like configuration) is first validated using the data of long crested wave cases with second order wave generation in the physical model test conducted. After that it is used to produce overtopping flow in different wave conditions and bathymetries. The results indicated that the overtopping risk is better characterized by the time dependent h (overtopping flow depth) and u (overtopping flow velocity) instead of hmax (maximum overtopping flow depth) and umax (maximum overtopping flow velocity), which led to overestimation of the risk. The time dependent u and h are strongly influenced by the dike configuration, namely by the promenade width and the existence of a vertical wall on the promenade: the simulation shows that the vertical wall induces seaward velocity on the dike which might be an extra risk during extreme events.

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SHARMA, Gehamanjuri Laimayum, Pinokiyo ATHOKPAM, and Bijaya Devi THONGATABAM. "Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum G30 Isolated from Vegetable Wastes in Imphal, Northeast India." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb729514.

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A new strain of Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) emend. Synder & Hansen, viz. Fusarium oxysporum G30, is reported from seven different decomposing vegetable wastes and a mixture of the same in equal proportions, in Imphal, Northeast India. This strain was isolated by surface sterilization technique, followed by re-culturing till pure culture was obtained. The pure culture was characterised morphologically based on the colony features: colour, texture, colony diameter; conidial features: macro and microconidial shape, size, septation, presence of chlamydospores and foot-shaped basal cells. The strain was also identified at molecular level by partial sequencing using universal primers, ITS4 and ITS5. The ITS data reveals that isolated culture (F. oxysporum G30) match the existing isolates in Gen Bank (Gen Bank accession No. GQ497156.1) by 99% and it has got a code segment particular to this strain. This strain showed ubiquitous nature with mean percent frequency of occurrence ranging from 39.5 to 68% at various stages of decomposition of the selected vegetable wastes.

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Sabaa, Magdy W., Mohamed A. Sanad, Mahmoud A. Abd El-Ghaffar, Nourelhoda A. Abdelwahab, Soha MA Sayed, and Soliman MA Soliman. "Synthesis, characterization, and application of polyanisidines as efficient photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) films." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 52, no. 6 (September 22, 2019): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244319877668.

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Conducting polymers have great attention due to their electrical activity in π-electrons conjugation over backbone of the polymeric chain. These properties make them attractive for enormous applications. On that account, we prepared polyanisidines (PAs) derivatives ( ortho, meta, and para) by chemical oxidation process using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. The prepared PAs were characterized using various techniques. Moreover, conductivity measurements of PA derivatives showed that the ortho-derivative gave the highest value. The prepared PAs were investigated as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films. Different PVC films were prepared in the absence and the presence of PA derivatives and they were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 30 days. The gel weight % for irradiated PVC films was followed as a function of irradiation time. The results revealed that the blank PVC film (free PA derivatives) was completely degraded reaching 100% gel content. PVC films contain PA derivatives showed higher photostability than PVC blank film. A comparison between the investigated PA derivatives as UV stabilizers and Chimassorb commercial UV absorber was also investigated. PA derivatives showed better efficiency as UV stabilizers than the commercial one till 288 h of UV irradiation.

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Ekundayo, Temitope, and Anthony Okoh. "Molecular Characterization, Intra-Species Diversity and Abundance of Freshwater Plesiomonas shigelloides Isolates." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071081.

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Molecular signatures of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain specific to pathogenic and nonpathogenic variants are not well established till present. There is a need for intra-species barcoding of P. shigelloides to aid infection control. This study aims at characterizing and assessing intra-species diversity and abundance of P. shigelloides isolated from three freshwaters in the Eastern Cape Province. The study used a Plesiomonas-specific PCR to characterize the isolates. Intra-species (dis)similarities were assessed using ERIC-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR techniques. The DNA fingerprints produced were electrophoresed, digitized, and documented via computer-assisted pattern analysis. The fingerprints were analyzed using neighbor-joining clustering (NJC) based on Euclidean similarity index. Results revealed 80%, 83.64%, and 80% of the water samples from Tyhume, Kat, and Kubusie rivers, respectively, positive for P. shigelloides isolation. The prevalence of P. shigelloides from sites ranged from 13.5% to 88.9%. NJC delineated 48 isolates to 8 clades (ERIC-fingerprints) and 34 isolates into 7 clades ((GTG)5-fingerprints). The relative abundance of unique strains ranged from 6.3% to 22.9% via the two methods. Both fingerprinting approaches have strain-differentiating potential for P. shigelloides, however ERIC-PCR possessed higher resolution (D = 37.46) advantage over (GTG)5-PCR (D = 29.64). In conclusion, the study achieved intra-species diversity and abundance of P. shigelloides from aquatic milieu and provide further opportunity for intra-species-specific barcoding.

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Li, Jin Hong, Hong Wen Ma, and Ying Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of β-SiAlON Ceramics from High Aluminium Fly Ash via Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.587.

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In this work, β-sialon ceramics were prepared from high-aluminium fly ash via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) and the physicochemical properties of the materials such as bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption and flexural strength were also discussed. The results showed that the percentage of β-sialon phase in the product decreases as the temperature increases from 1400°C and the weight of the sintered specimen experienced an increase during 1350°C~1450°C due to the nitridation reactions, and followed by a gradual decrease till 1550°C for the decomposition of β-sialon. It is indicated that the optimum sintering temperature to obtain the highest yield of β-sialon ~93% lies in 1400°C~1450°C. The SEM images revealed that the prepared β-sialon sintered at 1400°C were mainly in shape of elongated prisms, typically ~5μm in length and 0.5~1μm in width. As the temperature increased to 1500°C and above, β-sialon decomposed and the new phases of SiC and AlN were formed at 1550°C as confirmed by XRD.

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50

Lu, Xinhua, and Lin Chen. "Boron-Doped Carbon Nano-/Microballs from Orthoboric Acid-Starch: Preparation, Characterization, and Lithium Ion Storage Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4987340.

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A boron-doped carbon nano-/microballs (BC) was successfully obtained via a two-step procedure including hydrothermal reaction (180°C) and carbonization (800°C) with cheap starch and H3BO3 as the carbon and boron source. As a new kind of boron-doped carbon, BC contained 2.03 at% B-content and presented the morphology as almost perfect nano-/microballs with different sizes ranging from 500 nm to 5 μm. Besides that, due to the electron deficient boron, BC was explored as anode material and presented good lithium storage performance. At a current density of 0.2 C, the first reversible specific discharge capacity of BC electrode reached as high as 964.2 mAh g–1 and kept at 699 mAh g–1 till the 11th cycle. BC also exhibited good cycle ability with a specific capacity of 356 mAh g–1 after 79 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C. This work proved to be an effective approach for boron-doped carbon nanostructures which has potential usage for lithium storage material.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Till characterization'

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