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Journal articles on the topic 'Tilletia caries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Musdalifa, Musdalifa, Ayu Kartini Parawansa, and Arifin Tasrif. "DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN Tilletia spp PADA BIJI GANDUM (Triticum aestivum L) IMPOR." AGrotekMAS Jurnal Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu Peranian 5, no. 3 (2024): 287–92. https://doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v5i3.640.

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Wheat is one of the cereal commodities which is a daily food in large quantities for the world's population. The high import of wheat into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia also allows the entry of quarantine plant pest organisms (OPTK) category A1, namely plant pests that do not yet exist in Indonesia. The OPTK in wheat germ are Tilletia tritici (syn Tilletia caries), Tilletia indica Mitra and Tilletia laevis (syn Tilletia foetida). This study aims to detect and identify the presence of the fungal pathogen Tilletia spp on imported wheat seeds. This research was conducted at the Makas
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2

Бакиров *, С. Б., А. К. Маденова, Қ. Ғалымбек, А. Кадир та Г. М. Сабденалиева. "АЛМАТЫ ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ (TILLETIA CARIES (D.C.) TUL. & C. TUL) ПОПУЛЯЦИЯСЫНА ВЕНГРИЯЛЫҚ БИДАЙ ЛИНИЯЛАРЫНЫҢ ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІ". Izdenister natigeler, № 1 (89) (31 березня 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37884/1-2021/11.

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Қатты қаракүйе ауруы (Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul.) күздік бидайдың кең таралған ауруы. Ол әлемнің бидай өсіретін барлық аймақтарында кездеседі. Эпифитотия жылдары бидай өнімінің азаюы мен сапасының нашарлауына алып келеді. Жасанды індет аясында Алматы облысының Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul патогеніне венгриялық 21 бидай сорттарының төзімділігі сыналды. Зерттеу жұмысының барысында мақсатқа жету үшін бірнеше әдістер қолданылды. Олар: Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul патогенімен бидайды инокуляциялауда А.И. Борггардта-Анпилогованың әдісі қолданылды, Green Seeker (Trimble Naviga
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3

Bakirov S.B, Galymbek K, Madenova А.К, Safarova Н, Amangeldinovna М.Е та Kalidilda А.М. "КҮЗДІК БИДАЙ ҮЛГІЛЕРІНІҢ ҚАТТЫ ҚАРА КҮЙЕГЕ (TILLETIA CARIES (DC.). TUL) ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІН АНЫҚТАУ". HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, № 2(113) (10 червня 2022): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2022.2(113).1041.

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Күздік бидай үшін аса қауіпті аурулардың бірі қатты қара күйе, оның қоздырғышы Tilletia caries (DC.). Tul. Қатты қара күйемен залалданған бидайдың сапасы күрт төмендеп кетеді тіпті ол мал азықтық жем шөп ретінде де пайдалануға жарамсыз болып қалады. Қатты қара күйе аурумен күресудің ең тиімді әдісі генетикалық қорғану, ол қатты қара күйеге төзімді бидай үлгілерін өндіріске енгізуге мүмкіндік береді. Зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты қатты қара күйенің Tilletia caries (D.C.). Tul. патогеніне бидай үлгілерін сынап, төзімділерін іріктеп алу. Зерттеу жұмысының барысында мақсатқа жету үшін бірнеше міндетте
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4

Forster, Monika K., Somayyeh Sedaghatjoo, Wolfgang Maier, Berta Killermann, and Ludwig Niessen. "Discrimination of Tilletia controversa from the T. caries/T. laevis complex by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of teliospores." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 106, no. 3 (2022): 1257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11757-2.

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Abstract The fungal genus Tilletia includes a large number of plant pathogens of Poaceae. Only a few of those cause bunt of wheat, but these species can lead to significant yield losses in crop production worldwide. Due to quarantine regulations and specific disease control using appropriate seed treatments for the different disease agents, it is of high importance to distinguish Tilletia caries and Tilletia laevis as causal agents of common bunt accurately from Tilletia controversa, the causal agent of the dwarf bunt. Several studies have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
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5

Kochanová, M., M. Zouhar, E. Prokinová, and P. Ryšánek. "Detection of Tilletia controversa and Tilletia caries in wheat by PCR method." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 2 (2011): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3684-pse.

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Tilletia controversa and Tilletia caries were specifically detected in wheat plants by PCR using primers TILf (5´-CAC AAG ACT ACG GAG GGG TG-3´) and TILr (5´-CTC CAA GCA ACC TTC TCT TTC-3´). DNAs from uninfected wheat, rye, barley and triticale were not amplified. Natural infection of control plants by other species of fungi as Alternaria spp., Erysiphe graminis and Fusarium spp. proved the specificity of the test because even in this case no unspecific products were formed. This method can be very useful both for seed producers and for state officers ch
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6

Shevchuk, O., T. Kyslykh, L. Holosna, and O. Afanasieva. "Tilletia species on winter wheat grain." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 10-12 (December 14, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.10-12.3-7.

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Goal. To determine the species composition of the complex of pathogens of bunt diseases of the genus Tilletia on winter wheat grain.
 Methods. The research was conducted during 2017—2020. 315 samples of winter wheat grain from different soil and climatic zones were analyzed. Seed contamination was determined by washing the grains and centrifuging the spore suspension, followed by counting their number in the Goryaev chamber. Identification of the pathogen was performed in the laboratory by microscopic examination, taking into account the morphological features of teliospores.
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7

O'donnell, Kerry. "A reevaluation of the mitotic spindle pole body cycle in Tilletia caries based on freeze-substitution techniques." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 10 (1994): 1412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-174.

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Mitosis in the wheat pathogen Tilletia caries (Basidiomycota, Tilletiales) was investigated by electron microscopy of serially sectioned, fast-frozen, freeze-substituted mitotic cells called ballistospores. A duplicated spindle pole body consisting of two identical, three-layered globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear face of each nucleus at interphase. During mitosis, astral and spindle microtubules radiated from the globular elements that form the poles of an intranuclear spindle. At metaphase, chromosomes were interspersed with the nonkinetochore micr
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8

Rowe, Kimberly A., John S. Gardner, and W. M. Hess. "Correlative SEM, freeze-fracture, and laser scanning microscopy of Tilletia controversa teliospore sheath morphology." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124653.

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The bunts of wheat are infected by Tilletia which have teliospores with complex multilayered walls. The outer layer or sheath of Tilletia controversa teliospores is difficult to characterize unless it is hydrated. The morphology of the sheath has been characterized with freeze-fracture, thin sectioninging and SEM studies. By using specialized, time-consuming thin-sectioning specimen preparation procedures the sheath can be a factor in distinguishing T. caries and T. controversa teliospores. Distinguishing the species is important for marketing wheat. The purpose of these investigations was to
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9

Bakirov, Serik, Kanat Galymbek, Aigul Madenova, and Kadir Akan. "IDENTIFICATION OF GERMOPLASM OF WHEAT RESISTANT TO COMMON BUNT (TILLETIA CARIES (DC.) TUL)." Ġylym ža̋ne bìlìm 3, no. 3(68) (2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2022-3-3-105-113.

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Common bunt (Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul.), which directly affects the yield and quality of wheat, is one of the most dangerous fungal species in the years of epiphytotic. A small infection of wheat with the pathogen (Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul.) reduces the yield and quality of wheat in production and makes it unsuitable for use as feed. The article presents 25 local varieties of winter soft wheat and studied 23 Bt-isogenic lines. In the field, the resistance of wheat samples to the pathogen (Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul.) collected in the wheat growing areas of the Almaty region was studied. As a
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10

Pieczul, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Perek, and Krzysztof Kubiak. "Detection of Tilletia caries, Tilletia laevis and Tilletia controversa wheat grain contamination using loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP)." Journal of Microbiological Methods 154 (November 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.018.

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11

Gardner, John S., and W. M. Hess. "Microscopy studies of Tilletia teliospore sheaths." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161084.

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Teliospores of bunts of wheat and rice have a complex multilayered wall. The outer wall layer or sheath may be absent from some Tilletia controversa teliospores and may be difficult to characterize unless it is hydrated. It may also contain surface rodlets. The sheath has been characterized with freeze fracture and thin sectioning studies. By altering the sample processing procedures and by using thin sectioning the sheath can be used to distinguish T. caries teliospores from T. controversa teliospores which is important for wheat marketing. Earlier attempts were made to distinguish the two sp
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12

Zouhar, M., J. Mazáková, E. Prokinová, M. Váňová, and P. Ryšánek. "Quantification of Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa mycelium in wheat apical meristem by real-time PCR." Plant Protection Science 46, No. 3 (2010): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2009-pps.

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In the Czech Republic, three closely related species of the genus Tilletia belong to pathogens that cause significant losses of wheat crops by replacing grains with a mass of teliospores. A quantitative real-time qPCR assay using SYBR Green I has been developed to quantify the amount of T. caries and T. controversa mycelium in apical meristems of different wheat varieties. The real-time PCR reaction was validated by evaluating selected extraction methods, examining the specificity of designed target-specific IGS primers and verifying the optimised amplification reaction on naturally infected w
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13

Knox, R. E., R. M. De Pauw, T. N. McCaig, J. M. Clarke, J. G. McLeod, and R. J. Morrison. "AC Taber red spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 4 (1992): 1241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-154.

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AC Taber, red-kernelled spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resembles Biggar but has improved resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz.) and common bunt [caused by Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AC Taber also has a higher protein content, better milling quality and more gluten strength than Biggar. AC Tabor is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (red) wheat class.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, disease resistance, high yield
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Willingale, Julia, and P. G. Mantle. "Establishment and culture of dikaryotic hyphae of Tilletia caries." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 84, no. 4 (1985): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(85)80113-3.

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15

Willingale, Julia, and P. G. Mantle. "Interaction between Claviceps purpurea and Tilletia caries in wheat." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89, no. 2 (1987): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(87)80146-8.

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16

Weed, Rebecca A., Kyryll G. Savchenko, Leandro M. Lessin, Lori M. Carris, and David R. Gang. "Untargeted Metabolomic Investigation of Wheat Infected with Stinking Smut Tilletia caries." Phytopathology® 111, no. 12 (2021): 2343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-20-0383-r.

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Tilletia caries infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) has become an increasing problem in organic wheat agriculture throughout the world. Little is known about how this pathogen alters host metabolism to ensure a successful infection. We investigated how T. caries allocates resources from wheat for its growth over the life cycle of the pathogen. An untargeted metabolomics approach that combined gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry platforms was used to determine which primary or specialized metabolite pathways
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17

GAUDET, D. A., and B. J. PUCHALSKI. "STATUS OF BUNT RESISTANCE IN WESTERN CANADIAN SPRING WHEAT AND TRITICALE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 3 (1989): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-095.

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The reaction of western Canadian spring wheat and triticale to a composite of races of common bunt (Tilletia caries and T. foetida) was assessed in field studies conducted over 2 yr at three locations. Triticale and durum wheat were designated immune or highly resistant. Among cultivars of hard red spring wheat, Columbus was the most resistant followed by Katepwa, Leader, and Lancer. Neepawa, Park, and Marquis were intermediate in resistance. Roblin and Laura were susceptible. The Canadian Prairie Spring wheats HY320 and HY360 were highly susceptible and susceptible, respectively, whereas Oslo
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18

Kataria, Raghav, and Rakesh Kaundal. "Deciphering the Host–Pathogen Interactome of the Wheat–Common Bunt System: A Step towards Enhanced Resilience in Next Generation Wheat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052589.

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Common bunt, caused by two fungal species, Tilletia caries and Tilletia laevis, is one of the most potentially destructive diseases of wheat. Despite the availability of synthetic chemicals against the disease, organic agriculture relies greatly on resistant cultivars. Using two computational approaches—interolog and domain-based methods—a total of approximately 58 M and 56 M probable PPIs were predicted in T. aestivum–T. caries and T. aestivum–T. laevis interactomes, respectively. We also identified 648 and 575 effectors in the interactions from T. caries and T. laevis, respectively. The majo
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Madenova, A. K., K. Galymbek, A. M. Kokhmetova, M. N. Atishova, S. B. Bakirov, and Zh S. Keishilov. "SEARCHING FOR RESISTANCE SOURCES TO WHEAT COMMON BUNT (Tilletia caries (DC.)." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.7.

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Common bunt (Tilletia caries (DC.) the disease occurs in areas where autumn wheat is grown. In our country, most of the zoned wheat varieties are infected with this disease. Therefore, foreign germoplasm should look for sources of strength. In our research in the field of artificial epizootic environment, the Hungarian 21 varieties of soft wheat Tilletia caries (DC.) of the pathogen was made the phytopathological and genetic-selection analysis. The study revealed that 15 wheat varieties are resistant to diseases, of which 8 wheat varieties were highly resistant to diseases (IT-0). They are; At
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Váňová, M., P. Matušinský, and J. Benada. "Survey of incidence of bunts (Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa) in the Czech Republic and susceptibility of winter wheat cultivars." Plant Protection Science 42, No. 1 (2010): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2692-pps.

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Bunts (caused by <i>Tilletia caries</i> and <i>T. controversa</i>) belong to very important diseases of winter wheat because contaminated commodities (seeds, foods and feeds) affect the marketability of the crop on both domestic and export markets. They can be relatively easily controlled by chemical seed treatments. Due to the availability of effective chemical control, the reaction of wheat cultivars to bunts has so far not been an important trait for plant breeders in some areas of the world. However, if synthetic chemicals are not allowed, like in organic farming, u
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Babayants, L. T., O. V. Babayants, V. L. Baranovskaya, and L. A. Dubinina. "Tilletia caries and resistance of wheat to this pathogen in Ukraine ." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, Special Issue (2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6228-cjgpb.

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22

Churchill, A. C. L., and Dallice Mills. "Heterokaryon formation in planta by genetically marked strains of Tilletia caries." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 11 (1985): 1924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-271.

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Genetically marked and wild-type haploid cultures of Tilletia caries were mixed and used as inocula to analyze their potential for heterokaryon formation in the susceptible spring wheat variety 'Red Bobs' (Triticum aestivum L.). Of the fungus-treated plants inoculated by hypodermic needle injection into the boot at the flag leaf stage, 30 to 64% proceeded to maturity; the remainder failed to head. Tilletia caries was recovered from each of 38 representative plants which failed to head and from 3 plants which headed but showed no visible signs of infection. None of the inoculations resulted in
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Hess, W. M., and D. J. Weber. "The Partition Layer of Common Bunt Teliospores." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026945.

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The basidiomycete fungus, Tilletia constitutes the most important group of smuts economically as they infect cereal grains which provide a major portion of the world’s food supply. The teliospores of the smuts which have been studied have a spore wall layer called the partition layer or the striated zone which is very resistant to fixatives and resins used for electron microscopy. We assume that the chemical nature of this wall layer is the primary factor to prevent spore desiccation and to maintain spore viability for many years. Teliospores of Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. (formerly T. car
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DePauw, R. M., R. S. Sadasivaiah, J. M. Clarke, et al. "AC2000 hard white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 2 (2002): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-108.

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AC2000 is a hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance to preharvest sprouting and prevalent races of common bunt [Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. It is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (White) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, white wheat, bunt resistance, preharvest sprouting resistance, noodle color
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Madenova, A. M., A. K. Kokhmetova, M. A. Kokhmetova, K. G. Galymbek, and Z. K. Keishilov. "Molecular screening for resistance to common bunt (Tilletia caries) of wheat." Journal of Biotechnology 305 (November 2019): S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.185.

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Pospisil, A., J. Benada, and I. Polisenská. "Variability of resistance to common bunt of wheat." Plant Protection Science 35, No. 1 (1999): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9670-pps.

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During 1997–1998, the reaction of the collections of winter and spring wheat varieties to Tilletia caries was determined. In both years the most diseased winter varieties were Simona and Sparta, the least diseased were Samara and Ilona. High variability in the level of infection was observed in some varieties (VIada, Estica, Regina, Vega). No winter wheat variety was completely resistant. The most diseased spring wheat variety was Alexandria in both years, while Grandur showed no infection. High variability in the level of infection was observed in the special trials with cv. Ina and Contra. I
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Holosna, L. "The defeat of wheat varieties by the pathogen Tilletia caries (DC) Tul." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 11-12 (December 6, 2019): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.11-12.22-24.

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Goal. To determine the degree of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to the pathogen of the common bunt Tilletia caries in the conditions of the Right forest-steppe of Ukraine.
 Research Methods. Field. The studies were conducted on the sites of the experimental farm «Glevakha» Vasilkovsky district of Kiev region in 2015—2017. The infectious background of the pathogen of solid bunt was created according to the method of Krivchenko V.I. Sustainability was assessed by counting the number of healthy and diseased ears. The results were differentiated in points on a 9-point scale.
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WAINWRIGHT, A., M. A. KENNY, and D. J. YARHAM. "Increased susceptibility to Septoria nodorum in winter wheat infected by Tilletia caries." Plant Pathology 35, no. 4 (1986): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1986.tb02058.x.

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Knox, R. E., R. M. DePauw, J. M. Clarke, F. R. Clarke, T. N. McCaig, and M. R. Fernandez. "Snowhite476 hard white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 3 (2007): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06070.

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Snowhite476 hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the first Canadian wheat cultivar to deploy the gene Bt8, which confers resistance to prevalent races of common bunt [Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. The productivity traits of Snowhite476 were intermediate to the check cultivars. Snowhite476 had intermediate kernel hardness combined with yellow alkaline and white salted noodle colour and textural attributes comparable to AC Vista. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, disease resistance, Bt8
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Trione, E. J., W. M. Hess, and V. O. Stockwell. "Growth and sporulation of the dikaryons of the dwarf bunt fungus in wheat plants and in culture." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (1989): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-211.

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In the wheat plants infected with dwarf bunt, sporulation occurs only in developing kernels. The dikaryon was isolated from infected kernels and from the rachis of infected spikes. The development of pathogenic hyphae and teliosporogenesis in vivo and in vitro is described. Ultrastructural studies indicated that in vivo teliospore primordia detach from sporogenous hyphae in the hymenium layer and develop into mature teliospores. Teliospores were borne terminally on sporogenous hyphae in vitro. Substances that stimulate hyphal branching and inhibit teliospore formation of the dikaryon were isol
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31

Al-Ani, R. G., T. A. Farhan, and A. A. Kadhum. "Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis the Fungus Species of Tilletia spp That Infect Wheat in Some Provinces of Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012005.

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Abstract This study was carried out in the Plant Protection Department - College of Agriculture - Anbar University for the agricultural season 2022. The study included the collection of infected samples from fields, stores and grain silos from some provinces of Iraq (Baghdad, Anbar, Salah ad-Din, Nineveh). The resulted showed spread of covered smut disease in wheat in all collection areas. The results of the morphology and molecular diagnosis showed the presence of the following species : Tilletia caries (synonymous T. tritici) which coincided with global isolation (MH855829.1 and MN633361.1)
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Мурашко, Л. А. "Стійкість сортів пшениці озимої до збудника Tilletia caries tul. У Лісос-тепу України". Plant Breeding and Seed Production, № 103 (23 листопада 2015): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2013.54134.

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33

Bakirov, S. B., K. Galymbek, A. K. Madenova, K. Akan, and N. S. Safarova. "RESISTANCE TESTING OF WHEAT SAMPLES TO COMMON BUNT (Tilletia caries (dc.) Tul.) PATHOGENS." REPORTS OF THE NAS RK 1, no. 341 (2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2022.2518-1483.127.

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34

YARHAM, D. "Soil-borne spores as a source of inoculum for wheat bunt (Tilletia caries)." Plant Pathology 42, no. 4 (1993): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01546.x.

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35

Liatukas, Ž., and V. Ruzgas. "Effect of air temperature on common bunt (Tilletia caries) infection in winter wheat." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science 59, no. 3 (2009): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710802022929.

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36

Matanguihan, Janet B., and Stephen S. Jones. "A New Pathogenic Race of Tilletia caries Possessing the Broadest Virulence Spectrum of Known Races." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0520-01-rs.

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Common bunt, caused by the fungi Tilletia caries and T. laevis, is one of the most destructive seedborne diseases of wheat. In conventional agriculture, common bunt is managed almost exclusively with chemical seed treatments. However, in organic farming, synthetic chemicals are prohibited. Because of this, there has been a resurgence of this disease in organic wheat. In order to maintain high yields and excellent seed quality, organic growers must rely heavily on resistant wheat cultivars. To breed cultivars with resistance against common bunt, and to effectively deploy resistance genes, it is
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37

Knox, R. E., R. M. De Pauw, T. N. McCaig, J. M. Clarke, J. G. McLeod, and M. R. Fernandez. "AC Karma white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 4 (1995): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-150.

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AC Karma, white seeded spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), combines high grain yield with resistance to common bunt [caused by Tilletia laevis Kuhn in Rabenh. and T. caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.] and loose smut [caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.] in a semidwarf, photoperiod insensitive background. AC Karma has improved leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita Roberg ex Desmaz.) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.) resistance, stronger straw and earlier maturity compared to Genesis. AC Karma is eligible for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring (white) wheat class. Key wor
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38

Mamluk, O. F., and M. M. Nachit. "Sources of Resistance to Common Bunt (Tilletia foetida and T. caries) in Durum Wheat." Journal of Phytopathology 142, no. 2 (1994): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb04522.x.

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39

McNeil, M., A. M. I. Roberts, V. Cockerell, and V. Mulholland. "Real-time PCR assay for quantification of Tilletia caries contamination of UK wheat seed." Plant Pathology 53, no. 6 (2004): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01094.x.

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40

Gaudet, D. A., and B. L. Puchalski. "Races of common bunt (Tilletia caries and T. foetida) of wheat in western Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 11, no. 4 (1989): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668909501089.

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41

YARHAM, D. J., and B. M. McKEOWN. "Airborne spores of Tilletia caries as a source of wheat bunt through soil contamination." Plant Pathology 38, no. 4 (1989): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb01459.x.

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42

Miczyński, K. "Wrażliwość odmian pszenicy jarej na śnieć cuchnącą (Tilletia caries Tul.) przy sztucznym zakażeniu [The Susceptibility of the Varieties of Spring Wheats to Bunt (Tilletia caries Tul.) Investigated by Means of an Artificial Inoculation]." Acta Agrobotanica 5, no. 1 (2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1956.008.

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43

Goates, Blair J., and James A. Hoffmann. "Nuclear behavior during teliospore germination and sporidial development in Tilletia caries, T. foetida, and T. controversa." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 3 (1987): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-065.

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Germinating teliopspores of Tilletia caries, T. foetida, and T. controversa were stained with acetic orcein and examined with light microscopy. The general nuclear events were the same in the three species. Nuclei in teliospores stained only after a period of incubation. Teliospores contained a single interphase nucleus, which underwent meiosis and then zero to two synchronous mitotic divisions. At metaphase I – anaphase I, approximately four chromosomes were visible in each species. The nuclei migrated from the teliospore into the promycelium and then each migrated into a primary sporidium. A
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44

Luttrell, E. S. "Relations of hyphae to host cells in smut galls caused by species of Tilletia, Tolyposporium, and Ustilago." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 12 (1987): 2581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-348.

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Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the mycelium in developing galls induced by smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae (Tilletia caries on Triticum aestivum) and Ustilaginaceae (Ustilago nuda on Hordeum vulgare, U. maydis on Zea mays, and Tolyposporium penicillariae on Pennisetum glaucum) may be both intercellular and intracellular. In T. caries the mycelium is mostly intercellular, in U. nuda it is both intercellular and intracellular, and in U. maydis and T. penicillariae it is mostly intracellular. Unconstricted hyphae penetrate the host cell wall, invaginate the host plasmalemma, an
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45

Eibel, P., G. A. Wolf, and E. Koch. "Detection of Tilletia caries, Causal Agent of Common Bunt of Wheat, by ELISA and PCR." Journal of Phytopathology 153, no. 5 (2005): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00973.x.

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46

Maksimov, I. V., and R. M. Khairullin. "Activity of trypsin inhibitors in wheat seedlings exposed to pathogenic fungus Tilletia caries and phytohormones." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 59, no. 6 (2012): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443712050111.

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47

Li, Chao, Xiaoqing Wei, Li Gao, Wanquan Chen, Taiguo Liu, and Bo Liu. "iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Bunt Fungi Tilletia controversa, T. caries, and T. foetida." Current Microbiology 75, no. 8 (2018): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1490-4.

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48

Horodyska, I., Yu Ternovyi, and S. Mazur. "Phytopathogenic background regulation of winter wheat crops under organic cultivation." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(187) (May 24, 2024): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2024-187-1-251-259.

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Agrotechnical and biological measures for regulation and controlling phytopathogens and their impact on the quantitative indicators of the winter wheat harvest under organic cultivation have been determined. It was found that the treatment of winter wheat seed material with the chemical agent «Vitavax» resulted in a yield increase of 10 %. Seed treatment with the organic fertilizer «Amineon», as well as the combination of chemical and biological agents, contributed to a 12.5 % increase in winter wheat yield. At the same time, the weight of 1000 winter wheat seeds in the treated variants was 9-
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49

Schlaich, T., B. Urbaniak, N. Malgras, et al. "Increased field resistance to Tilletia caries provided by a specific anti-fungal virus gene in genetically engineered wheat." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, Special Issue (2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6219-cjgpb.

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50

Fatullayev, P. "Disease as a limiting factor for obtaining a high crop of winter soft wheat under the conditions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 12 (2018): 278–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2257988.

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During 2015–2018, we studied 497 varieties of soft wheat from 21 countries of the world belonging to the four varieties: Erythrospermum (Koern.) Mansf., Ferrugineum (Alef.) Mansf., Graecum (Koern.) Mansf. and Lutescens (Alef.) Mansf. Over the years of the study, the degree of infection of soft wheat samples to diseases (Bunt smut (Tilletia caries), Mealy race (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. Tritiсi), yellow (banded) rust (Puccinia striiformis West.)) grain crops. Was studied 11 variety specimens Graecum varieties (Koern.) Mansf.; 19 variety specimens belonging to the variety Lutescens (Alef.)
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