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Journal articles on the topic 'Tilting trains'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Valenti, Michael. "Tilting Trains Shorten Transit Time." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 06 (June 1, 1998): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jun-6.

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This article explains the research work done to study and implement tilling trains. Tilting trains while negotiating curves reduce centrifugal force on passengers yet maintain fast speed on the ride. London-based Virgin Rail has signed one of the largest international railroad contracts ever for a fleet of tilting trains from Fiat Ferroviaria S.p.A. in Savigliano, Italy, to run on Great Britain's high-speed West Coast Main Line. Fiat engineers house the hydraulic or electromechanical actuators of the Pendolino trains in the bogies completely under the cars to preserve space in the passenger compartments. The latest generation of Pendolino train, the ETR 460, was introduced in 1993. This train carries up to 478 passengers at a top speed of 250 kilometers per hour. Each ETR 460 is made up of three traction units, each consisting of two motor cars and one trailer. The Washington State Department of Transportation uses Talgo pendular trains, to cut the travel times of passengers traveling in the Pacific Northwest.

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2

Cohen, Bernard, Mingjia Dai, Dmitri Ogorodnikov, Jean Laurens, Theodore Raphan, Philippe Müller, Alexiou Athanasios, et al. "Motion sickness on tilting trains." FASEB Journal 25, no. 11 (July 25, 2011): 3765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-184887.

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3

Persson, R. "Tilting Trains: Benefits and Motion Sickness." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 224, no. 6 (April 27, 2010): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt282.

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4

Hassan, F., A. C. Zolotas, and R. M. Margetts. "Optimised PID control for tilting trains." Systems Science & Control Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2016.1275990.

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5

Zolotas, A. C., R. M. Goodall, and G. D. Halikias. "New control strategies for tilting trains." Vehicle System Dynamics 37, sup1 (January 2002): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2002.11666230.

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6

Huber, B. H. "The bogie-based tilt option-simplicity and flexibility." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530652.

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The development of the bogies and the electromechanical tilting system, which has been chosen by the Swiss Federal Railways for their new InterCity tilting trains, is described. These trains will start to enter revenue service in 1999.

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7

Kottenhahn, V. "Rolling stock to eliminate the gaps in the high-speed network—tilting trains in Germany." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530706.

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8

LUO, Ren. "Active Control Simulation of Pantograph for Tilting Trains." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 16 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2010.16.023.

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9

OTSUKA, Tomohiro, Kazuhiro YOSHIZAWA, Kosuke HAYAKAWA, Keiichi KAMATA, Shigeru SHIMADA, and Makoto HOKARI. "3311 Development of Tilting system for Shinkansen trains." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2005.14 (2005): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2005.14.85.

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10

Stribersky, A., H. Müller, and B. Rath. "The development of an integrated suspension control technology for passenger trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530661.

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In recent years there has been a growing demand for electronically controlled suspensions in rail vehicles. Active car body tilting as well as active or semi-active suspension control have been implemented successfully by industry. This paper describes the development of a suspension control technology which integrates active tilting, active lateral positioning and semi-active damping of a rail vehicle's car body. The focus is on computer simulation as well as on hardware development.

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11

Elia, A. "Fiat Pendolino: Developments, experiences and perspectives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530643.

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The objective in introducing tilting systems for passenger trains is to optimize the service, shortening travel time and improving comfort, while making minimum alterations to existing track layouts and service conditions. The development of the Pendolino system is described in this paper, starting from early tests on bogies and on tilting systems. The author then describes the extensive service experience of Fiat, with more than 50 million train-km produced and 100 trainsets in service or under construction for service in European countries. An outline is presented of current developments and the product strategy, together with a description of available R&D prediction/measuring tools.

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12

O'Neill, H. "Gauge modelling of West Coast Main Line tilting trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 222, no. 3 (May 2008): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt151.

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13

Seo, S. I., J. S. Kim, and S. H. Cho. "Development of a hybrid composite bodyshell for tilting trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 222, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt96.

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14

Hassan, Fazilah, Argyrios Zolotas, and Shaharil Mohd Shah. "H∞ mixed sensitivity optimization for high speed tilting trains." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2263.

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The industrial norm of tilting high speed trains, nowadays, is that of Precedence tilt (also known as Preview tilt). Precedence tilt, although succesfull as a concept, tends to be complex (mainly due to the signal interconnections between vehicles and the advanced signal processing required for monitoring). Research studies of early prior to that of precedence tilt schemes, i.e. the so-called Nulling-type schemes, utilized local-per-vehicle signals to provide tilt action (this was essentially a typical disturbance rejection-scheme) but suffered from inherent delays in the control). Nulling tilt may still be seen as an important research aim due to the simple nature and most importantly due to the more straightforward fault detection compared to precedence schemes. The work in this paper presents a substantial extension conventional to robust H∞ mixed sensitivity nulling tilt control in literature. A particular aspect is the use of optimization is used in the design of the robust controller accompanied by rigorous investigation of the conflicting deterministic/stochastic local tilt trade-off

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15

Schmid, F. "Control and operation of tilting train services." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530698.

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Discussions on the best way forward to achieve reductions in journey time without the investment normally associated with the construction of new high-speed railways tend to concentrate on the technical issues to be resolved rather than on the very significant operational, legal and human issues that affect the economies of any high-speed railway operation. Many engineers and operators associated with long-established railway systems (1-4) view the introduction of tilting trains as the best way forward in situations where speed limits are imposed by track built with the objective of minimizing expenditure on civil works. Although there are instances where the introduction of tilting trains has yielded the benefits sought, there are many situations where the environment of the railway business effectively excludes this option. The author of the present paper has attempted to review the tilt debate from an operations angle, stimulated by some comments by Meyer (5), and focuses on developments in Great Britain.

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16

Rho, Hag Lae, Seong Ho Han, and Gang Seog Kim. "Evaluating New Track Construction Costs of Two Different Options: Conventional Trains vs. Tilting Trains." International Journal of Railway 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/ijr.2012.5.3.103.

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17

Cox, S. J. "Forces on railway track due to high speed tilting trains." International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 6, no. 1/2/3/4 (1999): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhvs.1999.054628.

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18

Sasaki, Kimiaki. "Position-Detecting System Based on the Global Positioning System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1916, no. 1 (January 2005): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191600105.

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The Railway Technical Research Institute has developed a position detection system based on a new Global Positioning System (GPS). This system uses GPS to detect the approximate location of a train and then selects one of three algorithms to process the location data and determine the train's precise location. Running tests performed on the system showed that its position error was less than 4 m. This system has the potential to be used to control the car body tilting of tilt trains accurately and allow them to run at the maximum possible speed through the tight curves typical of the narrow-gage lines found in Japan. In addition, the automatic map created by this system makes it much easier to maintain the accuracy of the onboard database.

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19

Zhou, Ronghui, Argyrios Zolotas, and Roger Goodall. "Robust system state estimation for active suspension control in high-speed tilting trains." Vehicle System Dynamics 52, sup1 (April 7, 2014): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2014.901540.

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20

Jacazio, G., D. Risso, M. Sorli, and L. Tomassini. "Adaptive control for improved efficiency of hydraulic systems for high-speed tilting trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 226, no. 3 (September 12, 2011): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409711420038.

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21

Durzyński, Zbigniew, and Adam Sienicki. "Justification of application of a tilting body system to the high-speed trains." Rail Vehicles, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-138538.

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W artykule przedstawiono uproszczoną analizę dotyczącą przejazdów teoretycznych pociągów zespolonych na wysokie prędkości. Wyniki analizy oparto na przejazdach teoretycznych pociągów w różnych wariantach wykonania i dla różnych scenariuszy jazdy. Uzyskane dane pozwalają wyciągnąć wniosek, że system przechylnych pudeł daje wymierne zyski, ale uzyskane efekty wiążą się z koniecznością poniesienia nakładów w fazie budowy i późniejszej eksploatacji. Konieczne jest zatem w każdym przypadku dokonania analiz szczegółowych późniejszych zysków i poniesionych kosztów.

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22

Choi, Jungyoul. "Prediction of displacement induced by tilting trains running on ballasted tracks through measurement of track impact factors." Engineering Failure Analysis 31 (July 2013): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.004.

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23

Olaszek, Piotr, Juliusz Cieśla, and Waldemar Szaniec. "Investigation of horizontal forces result in railway viaduct with curved truck." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2072.

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In the report some investigations of bridge structure, connected with the adaptation of the railway line to speeds up to 200 km/h for conventional trains and up to 250 km/h for tilting trains were presented. A railway track is the characteristic feature of tested viaduct, because the truck is curved over the whole length of span with radius of R = 2600 m. The tests of the viaduct required the verification of influence of the dynamic effects on the ultimate limit states which corresponded to the safety of structure, as well as the serviceability limit states, related to the safety of driving and the travellers’ comfort. In frames of investigations, a special train comprised of two locomotives and four passenger cars, was used with speeds in the range between 10 and 200 km/h. The report focuses on the problems addressing the influence of horizontal actions in the case of bridge with curved truck. The measurements of the horizontal and vertical displacements as well as the accelerations of span, and the speed of crossing test train were executed. The measured and theoretically calculated chosen courses of displacements and accelerations were introduced. The degree of divergence between measured and calculated values was analysed.

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24

Persson, Rickard, Björn Kufver, and Mats Berg. "On-track test of tilt control strategies for less motion sickness on tilting trains." Vehicle System Dynamics 50, no. 7 (July 2012): 1103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2012.656656.

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25

Förstberg, J., E. Andersson, and T. Ledin. "Influence of different conditions for tilt compensation on symptoms of motion sickness in tilting trains." Brain Research Bulletin 47, no. 5 (November 1998): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00097-5.

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26

Goodall, R. "Tilting trains and beyond - the future for active railway suspensions. Part 1: Improving passenger comfort." Computing & Control Engineering Journal 10, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:19990404.

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27

Forstberg, Johan. "A604 RIDE COMFORT AND ABILITY TO WORK IN TILTING TRAINS REPORT FROM A TRAIN STUDY CARRIED OUT WITH NSB, NORWAY." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2003 (2003): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2003.251.

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28

Goodall, R. "Tilting trains and beyond - the future for active railway suspensions. Part 2: Improving stability and guidance." Computing & Control Engineering Journal 10, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:19990505.

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29

Götz, Joshua, Sebastian Sepp, Michael Otto, and Karsten Stahl. "Low excitation spur gears with variable tip diameter." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1799.

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One important source of noise in drive trains are transmissions. In numerous applications, it is necessary to use helical instead of spur gear stages due to increased noise requirements. Besides a superior excitation behaviour, helical gears also show additional disadvantageous effects (e.g. axial forces and tilting moments), which have to be taken into account in the design process. Thus, a low noise spur gear stage could simplify design and meet the requirements of modern mechanical drive trains. The authors explore the possibility of combining the low noise properties of helical gears with the advantageous mechanical properties of spur gears by using spur gears with variable tip diameter along the tooth width. This allows the adjustment of the total length of active lines of action at the beginning and end of contact and acts as a mesh stiffness modification. For this reason, several spur gear designs are experimentally investigated and compared with regard to their excitation behaviour. The experiments are performed on a back-to-back test rig and include quasi-static transmission error measurements under load as well as dynamic torsional vibration measurements. The results show a significant improvement of the excitation behaviour for spur gears with variable tip diameter.

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30

Zeng, Jing, and Ren Luo. "350081 DYNAMIC CURVING SIMULATION OF TILTING TRAIN(Bogie,Technical Session)." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2009 (2009): _350081–1_—_350081–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2009._350081-1_.

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31

Kim, Ho-Yeon, Jun-Ho Lee, Seong-Ho Han, Nam-Jin Lee, Bong-Tak Kim, and Chul-Goo Kang. "Experimental study on dynamic load measurement of a tilting mechanism of a railway vehicle using two hydraulic cylinders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715627841.

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A tilting train is primarily designed to achieve increased speed in a curved section without causing discomfort to passengers. Ensuring the safety of the tilting control system is one of the most important factors in such a train. This paper presents the development of a hydraulic tilting system that can measure the force in real time to find the cause of overcurrent occurring often in an actuator of a Korean tilting train. To smoothly realize tilting motion of the Korean tiling train using hydraulic actuators, the developed hydraulic tilting mechanism was designed such that synchronization control of two hydraulic cylinders installed in opposite directions was possible; furthermore, a cooling system was developed to ensure a test environment with an appropriate temperature. The actual force acting on the two hydraulic cylinders was measured and analyzed for various tilting speed of the Korean tilting train. The experimental results show that the hydraulic tilting actuator system developed for the Korean tilting train is valid. Furthermore, it is shown that two actuator loads are detected successfully acting on the hydraulic tilting system.

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32

Zhang, Ji Min, Li Wen Man, He Chao Zhou, and Kuan Yang. "Failure Effects of Tilting Control System on Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1122.

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The mechanical-electrical coupled dynamic model of the tilting train is established in order to study the failure effects of tilting control system. Four kinds of movement of the driving actuator are compared, specifically including: normal tilting, no tilting, insufficient tilting and tilting on the contrary. The results has shown: when the tilting is insufficient or no tilting, the influence to the dynamic is small, the curve-passing speed reduces obviously; when tilting on the contrary, the dynamic performances of front bogie become worse and the curve-passing speed decreases much more.

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33

Cheng, Yung Chang, Chin Te Hsu, Te Wen Tu, Chern Hwa Chen, and Meng Ju Tsai. "Derailment Analysis of Tilting Railway Vehicles with Wind Loads." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1252.

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In this article, equations of motion of tilting vehicle system, considering the lateral displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of each wheelset, the lateral displacement, vertical displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of the truck frame and the car body, are derived. The tilting vehicle system is modeled by a tilting train system with 24 degree-of-freedom (24-DOF) system traveling on curved tracks. Considering the cross-wind forces acting on the car body in the lateral, vertical and roll directions, the influences of the vehicle speeds on derailment quotients are investigated. Additionally, the effects of the vehicle speeds on the derailment quotients are presented and compared with wind loads and the various tilting angles.

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34

Harris, H. R., E. Schmid, and R. A. Smith. "Introduction: Theory of tilting train behaviour." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530634.

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This paper is intended as a general introduction to the concept of tilt and its value to the railways. Relevant railway curve design concepts are discussed, paving the way for a discussion of limits to tilt application. The performance advantages of tilting systems, including passenger comfort and reduced journey time, are discussed. Second-order effects such as increased track forces and fuel savings are also included.

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35

ZENG, Jing, and Ren LUO. "Dynamic Curving Simulation of Tilting Train." Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics 3, no. 2 (2010): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmtl.3.431.

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36

Kim, Jung Seok, and Nam Po Kim. "Structural Assessment for Bogie Frame of 180km/h Korean Tilting Train." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.345.

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This paper has performed the fatigue strength evaluation for the bogie frame of Korean tilting train. In order to verify the structural safety of the bogie frame, we firstly investigated the loading condition imposed on the bogie frame. The bogie frame of the tilting train is exposed to the more severe loadings compared with the conventional one because of the tilting of the carbody and the high-speed curve negotiation. We have conducted some multi-body dynamic analyses to extract the load condition by tilting on curve. The finite element analysis is used to obtain the stress distribution. Through this study, we could make sure the safety of the tilting bogie frame.

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37

EUM, KI-YOUNG, JU-HWAN UM, MIN-HO SHIN, and CHIN-HYUNG LEE. "PREDICTION OF GROUND VIBRATIONS AROUND THE TURNOUT SYSTEM INDUCED BY THE TILTING TRAIN." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047092.

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In Korea, it has been planned to apply high speed tilting train, which operates at the maximum speed of 200km/h, to conventional lines by the year of 2010. However, for the application of the tilting train to conventional lines, it is prerequisite to establish a stable turnout system allowing the tilting train to pass through it without reducing speed. Therefore, the improved turnout system for the speed-up of conventional lines has been developed and the prototype of the turnout system has been constructed. However, levels of impact-induced ground vibrations from the discontinuous part of the turnout system have not been clarified. In this study, analysis of ground vibrations around the improved turnout system is performed in order to predict the generation level of ground vibrations due to the passage of the tilting train through the improved turnout system.

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38

Kim, Nam Po, Jung Seok Kim, Sung Il Seo, and Tae Won Park. "Experimental Study on the Fatigue Strength of the Bogie Frame for Tilting Railway Vehicles." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.590.

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This paper shows the experimental study to evaluate the fatigue strength of a bogie frame for Korean tilting train. The various load cases were established based on the international standard (UIC615-4) and the special tilting load case, which is unique in the tilting train, was derived by dynamic analysis and logical assumption of operation under worst tilting condition. The experimental study was conducted by means of two ways, both static and fatigue loading test. Through the static load test, the safety against fatigue was assessed using Goodman diagram of the material used. The fatigue load test was carried out up to 1x107cycles. The fatigue strength was assessed by fatigue crack inspection by means of NDT test at the stage of 6x106cycles and 1x107cycles.

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39

Luo, Ren, Jing Zeng, and Weihua Zhang. "Pantograph Dynamics and Control of Tilting Train." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 8293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.01402.

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40

Cheng, Yung-Chang, and Chin-Te Hsu. "Parametric Analysis of Ride Comfort for Tilting Railway Vehicles Running on Irregular Curved Tracks." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 09 (November 2016): 1550056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541550056x.

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The ride comfort of a tilting railway vehicle moving on curved tracks with rail irregularities is studied. Using the nonlinear creep model and Kalker's linear theory, the governing differential equations of motion for a tilting railway vehicle running on irregular tracks are first derived. The tilting railway vehicle is modeled by a 27 degree-of-freedom (DOF) car system, considering the lateral displacement, vertical displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of both the wheelsets and bogie frames, as well as the lateral displacement, roll angle and yaw angle of the car body. Based on the international standard ISO 2631-1, the effect of vehicle speed on the ride comfort index of the tilting vehicle is investigated for various tilting angles, using both linear and nonlinear creep models, and various radii of curved tracks, as well as for various suspension parameters. Finally, the ride comfort indices computed with rail irregularities are found to be higher than those with no rail irregularities, indicating that the effect of rail irregularities on the ride comfort of a tilting vehicle cannot be disregarded in practice.

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41

Kim, Jung-Seok. "Fatigue assessment of tilting bogie frame for Korean tilting train: Analysis and static tests." Engineering Failure Analysis 13, no. 8 (December 2006): 1326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2005.10.007.

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42

SASAKI, Kimiaki. "A Lateral Semi-Active Suspension of Tilting Train." Quarterly Report of RTRI 41, no. 1 (2000): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.41.11.

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43

WATANABE, Taichi, and Masahiko AKI. "Vibration Control of Air Spring Type Tilting Train." Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control 2020.15 (2020): 10105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmovic.2020.15.10105.

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44

Cheng, Yung-Chang, Chern-Hwa Chen, and Chin-Te Hsu. "Derailment and Dynamic Analysis of Tilting Railway Vehicles Moving Over Irregular Tracks Under Environment Forces." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 09 (October 23, 2017): 1750098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500985.

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Utilizing a nonlinear creep model, the dynamic behavior of tilting railway vehicles moving over curved tracks with rail irregularities and under earthquakes and wind loads is studied. The car model adopted consists of 28 degrees of freedom, capable of simulating the lateral, vertical, roll and yaw motions for the wheelsets, truck frames and car body. The derailment quotient is investigated to analyze the running safety of a tilting railway vehicle using the linear and nonlinear creep models, while considering the rail irregularities and environmental forces for various tilting angles. Generally, the derailment risk of the tilting railway vehicle is higher than that of non-tilting railway vehicle with or without rail irregularities and environmental forces. The derailment quotients calculated by the linear creep model are underestimated for a tilting railway vehicle. In addition, the derailment quotients evaluated for rough rails and under environmental forces are higher than those obtained for smooth rails with no environmental forces. It is confirmed that rail irregularities and each type of environmental forces have decisive effects on derailment quotients. They are compared and ranked according to their significance.

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45

Lee, Jae Heon, Seong Kyun Cheong, Jung Seok Kim, and K. Y. Eum. "Impact Characteristics and Damage Detection of Woven Carbon/Epoxy Laminates for Car Body Structures of a Tilting Train." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.942.

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Recently, the use of composite material to railway vehicles is gradually increasing due to its light weight. The concept of light weight design will be very helpful for the tilting train to travel around a curve at a faster speed because the light weight car body makes the center of gravity lower. The impact characteristics of composite materials should be investigated because the impact property of composites is very important for the design and repair of a tilting train. This paper investigates the low-velocity impact and damage characteristics conducted on woven carbon/epoxy laminates for a tilting train. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out at different energy levels on woven type of laminates using a drop-weight apparatus. The impact-induced delaminations are examined by ultrasonic technique such as C-Scan. Those delaminations are also examined by laser technique such as ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry). Experimental results show that the type of damage is dependent on the impact energy level and the delamination area becomes larger as the impact energy increases.

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CHENG, YUNG-CHANG, CHENG-HAO HUANG, CHEN-MING KUO, and CHERN-HWA CHEN. "DERAILMENT RISK ANALYSIS OF A TILTING RAILWAY VEHICLE MOVING OVER IRREGULAR TRACKS UNDER WIND LOADS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 13, no. 08 (October 21, 2013): 1350038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500387.

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Based on the nonlinear creep model and Kalker's linear theory, this paper studies the governing differential equations of motion for a tilting railway vehicle moving over irregular curved tracks under wind loads. The tilting vehicle is modeled by a 24-degree-of-freedom (24-DOF) car system, considering the lateral, roll and yaw motions of each wheelset, the lateral, vertical, roll and yaw motions of each bogie frame and the car body. The derailment quotients of the tilting railway vehicle with the wheelsets moving over irregular rails in the lateral direction and the car body acted upon by the wind loads are investigated for various tilting angles. The analysis results show that in general, the derailment quotient of the wheelset increases as the tilting angle of the railway vehicle increases. When the railway vehicle moves at low speeds, the derailment quotient calculated for the case with rail irregularities is greater than that for the case with no rail irregularities. Moreover, the derailment quotient of a wheelset moving over curved tracks of various radii is presented. Finally, the derailment quotient computed for the case under wind loads is greater than that free of wind loads. As a result, the influence of rail irregularities and wind loads on the derailment risk of a tilting vehicle cannot be ignored.

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Herschend, Martin, Peter Jørgensen, and Laertis Vaso. "Wide subcategories of $d$-cluster tilting subcategories." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 2281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8051.

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Yang, Wuzhong, and Bin Zhu. "Relative cluster tilting objects in triangulated categories." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 371, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/7242.

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Kapitsa, M. I., D. V. Bobyr, and A. Y. Desiak. "DETERMINING PERMISSIBLE SPEED OF TILTING TRAIN IN CURVED TRACK." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 4(70) (September 5, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2017/109537.

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Kang, Chul-Goo, Ho-Yeon Kim, Min-Soo Kim, and Byeong-Choon Goo. "Anti-skid Control System Analysis of a Tilting Train." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2009.33.2.169.

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