Academic literature on the topic 'Tim Hortons Inc'

ABSTRACT: Asia is the second region after Africa to have the tallest prevalence of stunting in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia with the fifth highest prevalence of stunting in the world at 37%, or nearly 9 million children who experience stunting. This study aims to examine the factors that influence and risk the occurrence of stunting in children in Indonesia. The research method uses a type of qualitative research with a traditional literature review. This study found that stunting is influenced by several complex factors not only at the individual level but also at the family and community levels. A comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the determinants of stunting in children in Indonesia outlines who is most vulnerable to stunting, which interventions are successful, and what new research is needed to fill knowledge gaps. Keywords: Indonesian toddlers, stunting factors References: Adair, L. S., & Guilkey, D. K. (1997). Age-specific Determinants of Stunting in Filipino Children. The Journal of Nutrition, 127(2), 314–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.2.314 Akombi, B. J., Agho, K. E., Hall, J. J., Merom, D., Astell-Burt, T., & Renzaho, A. M. N. (2017). Stunting and Severe Stunting Among Children Under-5 Years in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis. BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0770-z Asfaw, M., Wondaferash, M., Taha, M., & Dube, L. (2015). Prevalence of Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Children Aged Between Six to Fifty Nine Months in Bule Hora District, South Ethiopia. BMC Public Health,15(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1370-9 Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. Bardosono, S., Sastroamidjojo, S., & Lukito, W. (2007). Determinants of Child Malnutrition During the 1999 Economic Crisis in Selected Poor Areas of Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16(3), 512–526. Best, C. M., Sun, K., De Pee, S., Sari, M., Bloem, M. W., & Semba, R. D. (2008). Paternal Smoking and Increased Risk of Child Malnutrition Among Families in Rural Indonesia. Tobacco Control, 17(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.020875 Biadgilign, S., Shumetie, A., & Yesigat, H. (2016). Does Economic Growth Reduce Childhood Undernutrition in Ethiopia? PLoS ONE, 11(8), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160050 Black, R. E., Victoria, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., Onis, M. de, Ezzati, M., McGregor, S. G., Katz, J., Martorell, R., Uauy, R., & The Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. (2013). Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-income and Middle-income Countries. The Lancet, 382, 396. Budge, S., Parker, A. H., Hutchings, P. T., & Garbutt, C. (2019). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Child Stunting. Nutrition Reviews, 77(4), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy068 Burchi, F. (2010). Child Nutrition in Mozambique in 2003: The Role of Mother’s Schooling and Nutrition Knowledge. Economics and Human Biology, 8(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2010.05.010 Casale, D., Espi, G., & Norris, S. A. (2018). Estimating the pathways through which maternal education affects stunting: Evidence from an urban cohort in South Africa. 21(10), 1810–1818. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018000125 Casanovas, M. del C., Lutter, C. K., Mangasaryan, N., Mwadime, R., Hajeebhoy, N., Aguilar, A. M., Kopp, C., Rico, L., Ibiett, G., Andia, D., & Onyango, A. W. (2013). Multi-sectoral Intervensions for Healthy Growth. Matern Child Nutrition, 2, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12082 Chirande, L., Charwe, D., Mbwana, H., Victor, R., Kimboka, S., Issaka, A. I., Baines, S. K., Dibley, M. J., & Agho, K. E. (2015). Determinants of Stunting and Severe Stunting Among Under-Fives in Tanzania: Evidence from The 2010 Cross-sectional Household Survey. BMC Pediatrics, 15(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0482-9 Creswell, J. W. (2014). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. SAGE Publications Inc. Dao, D., Thang, V. Van, & Hoa, D. T. (2010). Malnutrition Status and Related Factors Within Ethnic Minority Children Under 5 Years Old in North Tra My District, Quang Nam Province in 2010. Journal of Science, 61. Fantay Gebru, K., Mekonnen Haileselassie, W., Haftom Temesgen, A., Oumer Seid, A., & Afework Mulugeta, B. (2019). Determinants of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Mixed-Effects Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1545-0 Fitri, L. (2018). Hubungan BBLR dan ASI Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting di Puskesmas Lima Puluh Pekanbaru. Jurnal Endurance, 3(1), 131–137. Goldstein, H. (2010). Multilevel Statistical Models, 4th Edition. Wiley. Handayani, F., Siagian, A., & Aritonang, E. (2017). Mother’s Education as A Determinant of Stunting among Children of Age 24 to 59 Months in North Sumatera Province of Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2206095864 Hendraswari, C. A., Purnamaningrum, Y. E., Maryani, T., Widyastuti, Y., & Harith, S. (2021). The Determinants of Stunting for Children Aged 24-59 Months in Kulon Progo District 2019. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 16(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v16i2.3305 Hoddinott, J., Alderman, H., Behrman, J. R., Haddad, L., & Horton, S. (2013). The Economic Rationale For Investing In Stunting Reduction. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 9, 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12080 Horrell, S., Humphries, J., & Voth, H.-J. (2001). Destined for Deprivation: Human Capital Formation and Intergenerational Poverty in Nineteenth-Century England. Explorations in Economic History, 38(3), 339–365. https://doi.org/10.1006/exeh.2000.0765 International Food Policy Research Institute. (2016). Global Nutrition Report 2016: From Premise to Impact: Ending Malnutrition by 2030. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2016). InfoDATIN: Situasi Balita Pendek. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Warta KESMAS: Cegah Stunting itu Penting. Kimani-Murage, E. W., Muthuri, S. K., Oti, S. O., Mutua, M. K., Van De Vijver, S., & Kyobutungi, C. (2015). Evidence of A Double Burden of Malnutrition in Urban Poor Settings in Nairobi, Kenya. PLoS ONE, 10(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129943 Kusumawati, E., Rahardjo, S., & Sari, H. P. (2015). Model Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Stunting pada Anak Usia di Bawah Tiga Tahun Model of Stunting Risk Factor Control among Children under Three Years. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 9, 249–256. Madan, E. M., Haas, J. D., Menon, Purnima., & Gillespie, Stuart. (2018). Seasonal Variation In The Proximal Determinants Of Undernutrition During The First 1000 Days Of Life In Rural South Asia: A Comprehensive Review.Global Food Security, 19, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.08.008 McGregor, S. G., Cheung, Y. B., Cueto, S., Glewwe, P., Ritcher, L., Strupp, B., & International Child Development Steering Group. (2007). Developmental Potential in The First 5 Years for Children in Developing Countries. The Lancet, 369, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4 Mugianti, S., Mulyadi, A., Anam, A. K., & Najah, Z. L. (2018). Faktor Penyebab Anak Stunting Usia 25-60 Bulan di Kecamatan Sukorejo Kota Blitar. Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery), 5(3), 268–278. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v5i3.art.p268-278 Ntenda, P. A. M., & Chuang, Y.-C. (2018). Analysis of Individual-level and Community-level Effects on Childhood Undernutrition in Malawi. Pediatr Neonatol, 59(4), 380–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.11.019 Oddo, V. M., Rah, J. H., Semba, R. D., Sun, K., Akhter, N., Sari, M., De Pee, S., Moench-Pfanner, R., Bloem, M., & Kraemer, K. (2012). Predictors of Maternal and Child Double Burden of Malnutrition in Rural Indonesia and Bangladesh. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(4), 951–958. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.026070 Prado, E. L., & Dewey, K. G. (2014). Nutrition and brain development in early life. Nutrition Reviews, 72(4), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12102 Prakhasita, R. C. (2019). Hubungan Pola Pemberian Makan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wedi Surabaya. Universitas Airlangga. Reynaldo, Martorell., & Young, M. F. (2012). Patterns of Stunting and Wasting: Potential Explanatory Factors. Advances in Nutrition, 3(2), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.001107 Rosiyati, E., Pratiwi, E. A. D., Poristinawati, I., Rahmawati, E., Nurbayani, R., Lestari, S., Wardani, P. S., & Nugroho, M. R. (2019). Determinants of Stunting Children (0-59 Months) in Some Countries in Southeast Asia. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 4(3), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol4.iss3.262 Sari, M., De Pee, S., Bloem, M. W., Sun, K., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., Moench-Pfanner, R., Akhter, N., Kraemer, K., & Semba, R. D. (2010). Higher Household Expenditure on Animal-Source and Nongrain Foods Lowers the Risk of Stunting Among Children 0-59 Months Old in Indonesia: Implications of Rising Food Prices. Journal of Nutrition, 140(1), 195–200. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.110858 Satriawan, E. (2018). Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting 2018-2024. [National Strategy for the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention] Semba, R. D., Kalm, L. M., De Pee, S., Ricks, M. O., Sari, M., & Bloem, M. W. (2007). Paternal Smoking is Associated with Increased Risk of Child Malnutrition Among Poor Urban Families in Indonesia. Public Health Nutrition, 10(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898000722292X Semba, R. D., Moench-Pfanner, R., Sun, K., De Pee, S., Akhter, N., Rah, J. H., Campbell, A. A., Badham, J., Bloem, M. W., & Kraemer, K. (2011). Consumption of Micronutrient-fortified Milk and Noodles is Associated with Lower Risk of Stunting in Preschool-Aged Children in Indonesia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 32(4), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482651103200406 Shieh, S. J., Chen, H. L., Liu, F. C., Liou, C. C., Lin, Y. in H., Tseng, H. I., & Wang, R. H. (2010). The Effectiveness of Structured Discharge Education on Maternal Confidence, Caring Knowledge, and Growth of Premature Newborns. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(23–24), 3307–3313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03382.x Stewart, C. P., Iannotti, L., Dewey, K. G., Michaelsen, K. F., & Onyango, A. W. (2013). Contextualising Complementary Feeding in a Broader Framework for Stunting Prevention. Matern Child Nutrition, 9(2), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12088 Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. (2017). 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas Untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Titaley, C. R., Ariawan, I., Hapsari, D., Muasyaroh, A., & Dibley, M. J. (2013). Determinants of the Stunting of Children in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Nutrients, 11, 1160. UNICEF. (2015a). UNICEF’ s Approach to Scaling Up Nutrition for Mothers and Their Children. Programme Division, February 9. UNICEF. (2015b). UNICEF’s Approach to Scalling Up Nutrition For Mothers and Their Children. UNICEF. (2018). Progress For Every Child in The SDG Era. United Nations. (2021). United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2 United Nations Children’s Fund. (2013). Improving Child Nutrition: The Achievable Imperative for Global Progress. Worku, B. N., Abessa, T. G., Wondafrash, M., Vanvuchelen, M., Bruckers, L., & Kolsteren, P. (2018). The Relationship of Undernutrition/Psychosocial Factors and Developmental Outcomes of Children in Extreme Poverty in Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1009-y World Bank Group. (2016). World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends. World Health Organization. (2010). Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLIS) Country Profile Indicators: Interpretation Guide. World Health Organization. (2012). The Sixty Fifth World Health Assembly: Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition. World Health Organization. (2014). Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Stunting Policy Brief (No.WHO/NMH/NHD/14.3).

O projeto tem como objetivo a realização de um estudo das principais plantasmedicinais, aromáticas e condimentares cultivadas no distrito de Vila Nova, bem comoa criação de um horto para multiplicação e doação a comunidade em eventos deextensão realizados pelo IFC – Campus Santa Rosa do Sul. Inicialmente foi realizadaaplicação de um questionário para identificar quais as plantas mais cultivadas e combase nessas informações foi implantado horto e cartilha informativa para distribuiçãoa comunidade. Com o desenvolvimento do projeto foi possível aumentar o vínc ulo doIFC junto aos moradores bem como indicar uma nova fonte de renda.

The production of this book has been made possible by the collaboration of a number of scholars and the generosity of the Arezzo Provincial Authority. It provides detailed descriptions of the contents of precious botanical collections amassed by natives of Arezzo, or simply conserved in institutions situated within the territory. The book provides an overview of both herbals of dried plants and painted herbals from the sixteenth century up to the present, starting from the one created in 1563 by the Arezzo doctor Andrea Cesalpino. The first herbal in the world to be organised through systematic criteria, this collection is now in the Botanical Section of the Florence University Museum of Natural History, together with another small eighteenth-century herbal produced by a pharmacist from Cortona, Agostino Coltellini. Conserved in Cortona itself is another eighteenth-century herbal, this one painted by Mattia Moneti, while in Castiglion Fiorentino and Poppi respectively are the intriguing collections of the Hortus siccus pisanus (18th century) and of the Biblioteca Rilliana (late 17th century). Also described in the book is a herbal from the Convent of La Verna (18th century) and the Egyptian herbal of Jacob Corinaldi (19th century), conserved in Montevarchi. Finally there are also the modern herbals, illustrating the continuity over time of a practice that is the foundation of all systematic study. The book is in fact rounded off by an anastatic reprint of the description of the Cesalpino herbal published in 1858, which is still a seminal work for studies such as those contained in this collection.

During the Late Middle Ages a unique type of ‘mixed media’ recycled and remnant art arose in houses of religious women in the Low Countries: enclosed gardens. They date from the time of Emperor Charles V and are unique examples of ‘anonymous’ female art, devotion and spirituality. A hortus conclusus (or enclosed garden) represents an ideal, paradisiacal world. Enclosed Gardens are retables, sometimes with painted side panels, the central section filled not only with narrative sculpture, but also with all sorts of trinkets and hand-worked textiles.Adornments include relics, wax medallions, gemstones set in silver, pilgrimage souvenirs, parchment banderoles, flowers made from textiles with silk thread, semi-precious stones, pearls and quilling (a decorative technique using rolled paper). The ensemble is an impressive and one-of-a-kind display and presents as an intoxicating garden. The sixteenth-century horti conclusi of the Mechelen Hospital sisters are recognized Masterpieces and are extremely rare, not alone at a Belgian but even at a global level. They are of international significance as they provide evidence of devotion and spirituality in convent communities in the Southern Netherlands in the sixteenth century. They are an extraordinary tangible expression of a devotional tradition. The highly individual visual language of the enclosed gardens contributes to our understanding of what life was like in cloistered communities. They testify to a cultural identity closely linked with mystical traditions allowing us to enter a lost world very much part of the culture of the Southern Netherlands. This book is the first full survey of the enclosed gardens and is the result of year-long academic research.

In the aftermath of Trayvon Martin’s murder in 2012, an observation saliently circulated in public: Black children are not seen as children. Yet when and how is black embodiment of any age accurately seen? Black Age: Oceanic Lifespans and the Time of Black Life argues that age for people of the black diaspora has been historically constituted as “untimely.” Over various phases of the transatlantic slave trade, the black body had been separated from hegemonic relations to human time. Black age became contingent, malleable, and suited for the needs of enslavement. As a result, black embodiment became figural of any age at all, and age itself came to signify the inhumanness of blackness. Black Age posits that age is an analytical category that reveals where alternative humanisms exist, and is a figure of a counter-historical temporality of modernity. By building on Hortense Spillers’s influential theorization of blackness as having been “ungendered” during transport across the Atlantic Ocean, this book argues that blackness is concomitantly “unaged,” a process thought of as “Oceanic lifespans.” This book uncovers how critical observations of black age’s untimeliness arise from black feminist critiques of liberal humanism from the 1970s onward. By focusing on black literary culture of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, this book examines how the history of transatlantic slavery and the constitution of modern blackness has been reimagined through the embodiment of age. Black Age tracks the struggle between the abuses of black exclusion from western humanism and the reclamation of non-normative black life.

OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Improve field activity of pheromone Evaluation of the seasonality of psylla reproduction Evaluate the seasonality of female attractiveness (pheromone production) Evaluate seasonality of male response to synthetic pheromone components Develop practical use for pheromone Test psylla trapping by synthetic pheromone impregnated in rubber septa (provided by J. Millar, cooperator in USA). Test a sprayable formulation of pheromone developed by D. Horton (USA cooperator) SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS No consistent seasonality in female attractiveness was observed. Female attractiveness was observed in winter forms in the end December and in May-June in summer forms. C. bidenshas a very distinct but short period of low mating rate, that is associated with low ovarian development. This short period of low ovarian development and low mating rate cannot be considered as a reproductive diapause. Ovarian development is inhibited by short day photoperiod especially in presence of low temperatures. Male attraction to individual synthetic putative pheromone components is not strong and fluctuates seasonally. While 7MeC27was attractive to males of the winter form, it was not attractive to the summer forms in the beginning of the summer. These data are in accordance with differences in cuticular profiles of winter and summer attractive females vs non attractive ones. Cuticular profile of females shows significant seasonality and difference according to their attractiveness to males especially in summer time. Differences between attractive and non-attractive females is based on several compounds . Female attraciveness in summer and winter is apparently based on a different combination of chemical cues, but 7meC27 is one of the common components to both mixtures. These two last findings are likely to be the main reason for our failure to have consistent success in trapping C. bidensin the field. It seems that a sprayable formulation of pheromone on the pear is better way of pheromone application to attract psyllid then the impregnated rubber septa, but additional trials are needed.