Relevant bibliographies by topics / Timber columns

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Timber columns'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Timber columns"

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Van Dyer, D. B., and S. K. Malhotra. "Strength of spaced timber columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-004.

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A rational procedure for determining the strength of spaced timber columns is presented. The effect of interlayer slip, characteristic of layered systems with nonrigid connections, is considered in the theoretical development. A good agreement is observed between the theoretical predictions and experimental results of some 110 spaced columns. The effect of number of spacer blocks on column strength is investigated, and efficiency of various types of spaced columns is compared, first with respect to each other and then with respect to equivalent solid and layered systems. Finally, the theory is compared with design specifications given by CSA Standard CAN3-086-M80, "Code for engineering design in wood." Key words: bolts, buckling, columns (supports), design practice, efficiency, nails, nonrigid connection, spaced columns, split ring connectors, strength, structural engineering, tests, theory, timber construction.
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Johns, Kenneth C. "A continuous design formula for timber columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-075.

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Timber column design methods have now to take account of a body of research work on timber properties from in-grade tests and on strength considerations using notions of stressed volume. This paper gathers results from this body of work and proposes a design formula for timber columns which is convenient to use and represents true behaviour. It includes, in particular, a material strength effect related to the length of the column. The proposed formula has been incorporated into the new Canadian code “Engineering design in wood.” Key words: timber, buckling, columns, design, size effects.
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Dyer, D. B. Van. "Strength and efficiency of braced timber columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-019.

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A rational procedure for determining the strength of braced timber columns is presented. The theoretical development takes into account the effects of interlayer slip, a phenomenon characteristic of systems with nonrigid connections. Forty-five braced wood columns were fabricated and tested. Very good agreement was observed between experimental results and theoretical predictions. As a measure of efficiency, the braced column results are compared with equivalent layered and equivalent solid systems. Key words: buckling, columns, nails, braced columns, structural engineering, nonrigid connections, timber construction, wood columns, layered, solid.
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Yuan, Shu Cheng, Jiang Feng Dong, and Qing Yuan Wang. "Mechanical Behaviors of Square Timber Columns Reinforced with AFRP under Axial Compression." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.198.

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In order to apply original timber more effectively, the physical and mechanical properties of timber from camphor wood were tested. In total, seven square short timbers columns were fabricated, and then were reinforced by AFRP sheets with one, two and three layers in different reinforcing arrangements. The results showed that the columns with AFRP gave a great improvement in mechanical performance, and the loading carrying capacity, stiffness and ductility of the columns reinforced were also improved. The results also showed that the specimen with full wrapping of two layers of AFRP gave a higher deflection than the other ones. However, the load carrying capacity of the columns with AFRP arrangement decreased when the layers of AFRP sheets increased to three.
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Ali, F., and S. Kavanagh. "Fire Resistance of Timber Columns." Journal of the Institute of Wood Science 17, no. 2 (October 2005): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/wsc.2005.17.2.85.

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D. B. Van Dyer. "STRENGTH OF BATTENED TIMBER COLUMNS." Transactions of the ASAE 35, no. 1 (1992): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28604.

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Gao, Chao, and Junxiao He. "Dynamic Response of Wooden Columns in Traditional Timber Structures Under Horizontal Earthquake." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 10 (May 21, 2021): 2150134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421501340.

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Accurately predicting the structure’s response under external loads is a prerequisite for scientific protection of traditional timber structures. Wooden columns are the key components for transmitting the vertical loads and resisting the lateral loads in traditional timber structures. The dynamic response characteristics of wooden columns eccentrically overlain by top column component under horizontal earthquakes are investigated in this paper. The critical triggering conditions for different phases of the dynamic response are derived. The factors that determine the transition between various phases of the dynamic response are obtained. Based on the trigger conditions, the trigger sensitivity of each phase of the dynamic responses is studied. The results show that there are four phases of dynamic response that can be triggered on the wooden column, i.e. the static, uplift, uplift followed by slipping, and simultaneous uplift and slipping. Uplift is most likely to be triggered. Uplift with rocking is the main form of wooden columns. The results of theoretical analysis are verified by numerical simulation. This study provides the necessary theoretical basis for the phase assessment and protection of the traditional timber structures.
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Hart, Ellis D. "Combined Equation for Sizing Timber Columns." Journal of Structural Engineering 121, no. 11 (November 1995): 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1995)121:11(1730).

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Zahn, John J., and Douglas R. Rammer. "Design of Glued Laminated Timber Columns." Journal of Structural Engineering 121, no. 12 (December 1995): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1995)121:12(1789).

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Riba‐Ramirez, Ramon, and Mehrdad Soltani. "Design Charts for Timber Beam‐Columns." Journal of Structural Engineering 118, no. 2 (February 1992): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1992)118:2(596).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timber columns"

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Aslan, Jiyan, and Marcus Asp. "Jointed timber column with glue or nails." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131980.

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På en byggarbetsplats kan man ibland behöva sammansätta två eller flera träkomponenter till en träkomponent med rätt dimension. Det sker oftast genom spikning men det finns också möjlighet att limma ihop träkomponenter ute på en byggarbetsplats. Limning är inte alls lika förekommande på grund av de krav som ställs på limning av bärande konstruktioner och kringliggande miljö varför limning i princip endast sker i fabriksmiljö. I denna studie utförs en jämförelse mellan sammansättning av träreglar till en träpelare med avseende på hållfasthet och ekonomi. Detta jämförs dessutom med att köpa in pelare av trä med rätt dimension. I studien behandlas dessutom möjligheten att limma ute på en byggarbetsplats och hur limningen ska utföras på ett korrekt sätt. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av de standarder som finns för beräkningsregler för dimensionering av bärverk, eurokoder. Kostnadsberäkningar har genomförts för material och utförandearbete med hjälp av marknadspriser för material och enkla beräkningar för utförandearbete. En intervju har genomförts för att besvara möjligheten att limma ute på en byggarbetsplats med lim för bärande konstruktioner. I studien har beräkningar utförts för två samt tre sammansatta träreglar och jämförts med enkla pelare i liknande dimensioner. Spikad pelare har en avsevärt lägre bärförmåga än limmad pelare som är utförd korrekt. Spikad pelare har beräknats med olika avstånd mellan spikar och limmad pelare är beräknad med två olika lim. Kostnaderna för material och utförandearbete är ganska generella men är bara en liten del av de totala kostnaderna. Vart byggarbetsplatsen är placerad, vilka verktyg och material som finns på plats och vilka förutsättningar för att utföra limningen korrekt är faktorer som är avgörande för den totala kostnaden. Ett limförband är känslig och viktigast är att applicera rätt mängd och jämnt utbrett över träytorna. Vad som dessutom ska tas till hänsyn är kringliggande miljö såsom smuts, damm, temperatur och fuktighet. För att uppfylla dessa krav ute på en byggarbetsplats måste en fabriksmiljö skapas i form av väderskydd, tält, arbetsbod eller liknande.
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Jumaat, M. Z. "The buckling behaviour of layered and spaced timber columns with interlayer slipping." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356527.

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Comandini, Gianni. "Analytical model for uniaxial compressive behavior of timber columns with longitudinal cracking, with and without retrofitting solutions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Two simple analytical models are developed with Matlab to predict the mid-lateral displacement of cracked, un-cracked or retrofitted timber columns. In the models are considered the presence of retrofitting elements with high modulus of elasticity, like: carbon, glass, pbo fibres with different spacing, and how those elements influencing the mid-lateral displacement. The first model is based on the "displacement method analysis for frame" and the second one is based on a "frame stability analysis by finite element method". The results obtained with these models is useful to determine the maximum length that a vertical crack can have before is necessary a retrofitting action in a timber column.
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Králíček, Jiří. "Nosná konstrukce sportovní haly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409855.

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The aim of the master thesis is design and check the timber construction of the sports hall in two variants. The first variant is a frame, which is formed by three steel columns. The roof structure is made from timber trusses, which is pin-supported beam above both fields. The second variant is a frame, which is formed by three steel-concrete columns. The roof structure is made from timber glulam beam of saddle shape, which is continuous over both fields. Spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by steel bars. The second variant is calculated in detail by hand and the structure drawings are attached. Input static models and auxiliary static models were created in SCIA Engineer 18.1.
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Danelová, Veronika. "Konstrukce horského hotelu v Beskydech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392015.

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The diploma thesis presents design and assessment of a loadbearing timber structure of mountain hotel in the Trojmezi u Hrčavy area. The object is a two-storey building without cellar and with attic rooms. The object has a floor plan of an incomplete octagon with a roofless central courtyard. The structure spans 36 meters at its widest dimension and the maximum height reaches almost 12 meters. The individual segments are covered by mono-pitched roof with 27° slope. The main loadbearing elements are constructed of glued laminated timber and solid timber with steel joints and gypsum fibreboard cladding. The loadbearing structure is designed and assessed in accordance with relevant standards, taking ultimate and serviceability limit state into consideration. The thesis includes an engineering report including bill of quantities, structural design report and drawings of loadbearing structure, anchorage and selected details.
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Karagiannis, Vasileios. "Behaviour of hybrid timber-steel beam-to-column connections." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59187.

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This thesis studies the behaviour of hybrid systems consisting of tubular steel columns and laminated glulam timber beams. The research includes experimental investigations at the material and structural system levels as well as several numerical and assessments. Firstly, an extensive experimental programme is conducted on the determination of the material properties of the glulam. This involve compressive, tensile, shear and bending material tests. In addition, one-dowel connection tests are carried out to examine the interaction between the steel fastener and the timber volume around the fastener hole with the aid of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. Subsequently, detailed three-dimensional detailed models are constructed and their results are compared with the experimental tests. To account for the material damage, the foundation zone approach was used. This model was shown to be able to correctly simulate the crushing response of wood in the embedding region. The implementation of this region into the model allows an accurate simulation of the damage accumulation process. To this end, new relationships were formulated as part of this thesis, that can be used to estimate the material characterisation as a function of the crushing volume. The proposed model allows for a relatively low dependence on the radius of the foundation volume adopted making it applicable to a wider range of varying geometrical configurations. The validity and accuracy of the proposed modified foundation models were examined against the experimental force-displacement curves, and good agreement was found between the experimental response and the numerical simulations The second experimental programme is concerned with the performance of timber beam-steel column assemblages. Two timber beam-to-steel column alternatives are examined: a) top and seat angle connection and b) slotted-in T-stub connection with bolts. The configuration of the connections and their set-up are presented, followed by detailed results in the form of figures and tables as well as observations from the tests. The main behavioural patterns are identified and key response characteristics such as stiffness, capacity and failure mechanisms are discussed. Detailed finite element models were created to simulate the experimental timber beam-to-steel column connection tests. The models included advance features such as contact phenomena, bolt pretension and orthotropic material definitions. The foundation zone approach developed in this thesis was implemented. The results of the models were validated against the experimental results and good agreement was found. Additionally, component-based models were also formulated for the prediction of the flexural response of the connection types tested. These expressions were developed to estimate the stiffness, capacity and ultimate loads of the connections and the results were validated against the experimental and numerical findings. The component models proposed were able to predict the response of the connection accurately including those cases where screws and bottom-wedge angles were involved. In the concluding part of the thesis, the developed finite element models are employed in a parametric assessment in order to highlight the influence of key geometric and material considerations. The dearth of information on timber-steel hybrid connection of this type, design methodologies must be developed to offer a preliminary assessment on the prediction and evaluation of the key characteristics and hence the results are also compared with simplified analytical expressions. Finally, the last section of the thesis summarised all the findings and numerous possible future research are identified.
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Viau, Christian. "Investigation and Optimization of Connections in Timber Assemblies Subjected to Blast Loading." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40405.

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The majority of research on high strain-rate effects in timber structures has been limited to the study of the load-bearing members in isolation. Limited work has been conducted on timber connections and full-scale timber assemblies under blast loading, and these have generally been constrained to qualitative observations. In North America, the increasing prevalence of mid- and high-rise timber structures makes them susceptible to blast effects. In addition, questions remain on how to design and optimize these timber assemblies, including the connections, against blast loads, due in part to the limitations on comprehensive design provisions. The effects of far-field blast explosions were simulated using the University of Ottawa shock tube. A total of fifty-eight dynamic tests were conducted on connection-level and full-scale specimens. The research program aimed to investigate the behaviour of heavy-timber connections when subjected to simulated blast loads. The experimental results showed that connections with a main failure mechanism consisting of wood crushing experienced significant increases in dynamic peak load when compared to the static peak load. In contrast, connections where steel yielding and rupturing occurred experienced no statistically significant increase in dynamic peak load. Full-scale glulam specimens with bolted connections designed to yield via wood crushing and bolt bending performed better than those with overdesigned connections. Bolted connections which failed in splitting led to premature failure of the glulam assembly. Reinforcement with self-tapping screws allowed these bolted joints to fail in a combination of bolt yielding and wood crushing, and provided more ductility when compared to unreinforced specimens. Specially designed energy-absorbing connections significantly increased the energy dissipation capabilities of the timber assemblies. The basis of these connections was to allow for connection yielding while delaying failure of the wood member. This was achieved via elastoplastic connection behaviour, which effectively limited the load imparted onto the wood member. Based on the experimental results, limitations in the current Canadian blast provisions were highlighted and discussed. A two-degree-of-freedom blast analysis software was developed and validated using full-scale and connection-level experimental results and was found to adequately capture the system response with reasonable accuracy. Sensitivity analyses regarding the applicability of using single-degree-of-freedom analysis were presented and discussed.
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Alabedi, Ahmed Mohammed. "The Effect of Notch on the Capacity of Axially Loaded Members." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton149281574496765.

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Štelc, Martin. "Sportovní hala." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227647.

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This diploma thesis deals with the design expertise and supporting structures the single-roof sports hall for locality Brno. The ground plan dimensions are 42 x 72 m and ground clearance of about eight meters. Two variants are processed and selected variant is elaborated in detail. The sports hall is designed for most sports played indoors. In a static calculation are designed and assessed the main load-bearing elements such as truss glued laminated timber, wooden purlins, columns, girts and bracing. The work includes drawings.
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Tunková, Eliška. "Víceúčelový objekt v Pardubicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392088.

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The topic of my diploma thesis is a design of a construction of a multipurpose building. The floor plan is of irregular shape with a maximal span of 35 metres. There are two buildings in shape of a hexagon, to which another building in shape of a half of a hexagon is connected. Part of the building is designed as a two-storey building and all parts are different in height. The hight of the designed building in its highest point is 13,5 metres. The load-bearing structure consists of glued laminated wood elements and raised wood with steel elements used as fasteners. The construction is designed alternatively from wood and steel. The static solution was made using the RFEM software.
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Books on the topic "Timber columns"

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Brady, Lois Smith, and Edward Keating. Vows: Weddings of the nineties from the New York times. New York: W. Morrow, 1997.

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Peacock, L. A. Quest for Columbus. New York: Scholastic, 2012.

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Gary, Indiana, and Corcoran Gallery of Art, eds. Front pages. New York: Rizzoli, 1997.

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Do they think we're eejits?: A selection of the Irish Times columns 2003-2009. Dublin, Ireland]: The Irish Times, 2013.

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Winkworth, Stephen. Room two more guns: The intriguing history of the personal column of the Times. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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Room two more guns: The intriguing history of the personal column of the Times. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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Pearman, Phil. Dear editor: Letters to Time Magazine, 1923-1984. New York: Time, 1985.

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Card, Orson Scott. Pastwatch: The redemption of Christopher Columbus. New York: TOR, 1996.

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G, Neimark Paul, ed. Kup, a man, an era, a city: Irv Kupcinet's autobiography. Chicago: Bonus Books, 1988.

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Vaitilingam, Romesh. The Financial Times guide to using the financial pages. 4th ed. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Timber columns"

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Geng, Yue, Gianluca Ranzi, Yu-yin Wang, Raymond Ian Gilbert, and Sumei Zhang. "State-of-the-art review on the time-dependent behaviour of composite steel-concrete columns." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 83–109. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch5.

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<p>This chapter presents a state-of-the-art review of the time-dependent behaviour of composite columns. The first part of the chapter outlines the available typologies and advantages of composite columns. This is followed by an overview of the time-dependent response of concrete (specific to composite columns) and an introduction to concrete confinement. The main part of the chapter is devoted to the state-of-the-art review on how concrete time effects influence the long-term and ultimate behaviour of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns, and on the combined effects produced by sustained loading and chloride corrosion on CFST columns. The review then deals with the long-term behaviour of concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) and encased composite columns. The final parts of the chapter provide a review of the time-dependent differential axial shortening (DAS) in vertical components of multi-storey buildings and on the long-term response of arch bridges.</p>
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Bob, Corneliu, Sorin Dan, Catalin Badea, Aurelian Gruin, and Liana Iures. "Strengthening of the Frame Structure at the Timisoreana Brewery, Romania." In Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures, 57–80. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.057.

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<p>Many structures built in Romania before 1970 were designed for gravity loads with inadequate lateral load resistance because earlier codes specified lower levels of seismic loads. Some of these structures are still in service beyond their design life. Also, some deterioration was observed in existing structures due to the actions of different hazard factors. This paper presents the case study of a brewery with reinforced concrete framed structure of five storeys and a tower of nine storeys, which has been assessed and strengthened. The brewery and the tower were built in 1961 and an extension in 1971. An assessment performed in 1999 showed up local damages at slabs, main girders, secondary beams, and columns; concrete carbonation; concrete cover spalled over a large surface; complete corrosion of many stirrups and deep corrosion of main reinforcement; and some broken reinforcement. Such damage was caused by salt solution, CO2, relative humidity RH 80%, and temperatures over 40◦C. Also, inadequate longitudinal reinforcement was deduced≈ from the structural analysis. The initial design, done in 1960, was according to the Romanian codes of that time with provisions at low seismic actions. The structural system weakness is due to present-day high seismic actions. The rehabilitation of the reinforced concrete structure was performed by jacketing with reinforced concrete for the main and secondary beams and columns. In 2003, due to continuous operation and subsequent damage of the structure, a new assessment was required. It was found that some beams and one column were characterized by inadequate main and shear reinforcement as well as corrosion of many stirrups at beams. The strengthening solution adopted was based on carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites for beams and column.</p>
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Taylor, Gordon T., Maria Iabichella-Armas, Ramon Varela, Frank Müller-Karger, Xueju Lin, and Mary I. Scranton. "MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF THE CARIACO BASIN'S REDOXCLINE: THE U.S.-VENEZUELA CARIACO TIMES SERIES PROGRAM." In Past and Present Water Column Anoxia, 471–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4297-3_18.

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Ranzi, Gianluca, Graziano Leoni, Luigino Dezi, Alejandro Pérez Caldentey, John Hewitt, Javier Jordán, Raymond Ian Gilbert, et al. "Design specifications for the time-dependent behaviour of composite steel-concrete structures." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 111–36. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch6.

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<p>This chapter deals with the long-term behaviour of composite members and structures used for building and bridge applications and provides a review of the relevant international serviceability limit state design methodologies, with particular focus given to the European, Australian and New Zealand, and American specifications. The first part of the chapter introduces the deflection limit requirements specified in design procedures for satisfying the serviceability limit state conditions. This is followed by a review of the design procedures recommended in the specifications for composite slabs, beams, and columns. Particular attention is devoted to reviewing design methodologies for the calculation of the displacements, for detailing, and for control of concrete cracking.</p>
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Schaffner, Jan, Anja Bog, Jens Krüger, and Alexander Zeier. "A Hybrid Row-Column OLTP Database Architecture for Operational Reporting." In Business Intelligence for the Real-Time Enterprise, 61–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03422-0_5.

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Durner, Edward F. "The Latin square design." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 192–203. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0013.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on Latin square design. The vegetative to floral transition of the apical meristem in main crowns of strawberry plants were investigated. Five treatments was considered: (1) a control; (2) long days (16 hours) at 25°C; (3) long days at 10°C; (4) short days (8 hours) at 25°C; and (5) short days at 10°C. Experiments were set-up as a Latin square dividing each day's work schedule into five segments, thus have five rows (days), five columns (time of day) and five treatments. Results indicates that there was not much variability associated with the day of the week or the time of day for dissection.
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Alvelos, Filipe, Manuel Lopes, and Henrique Lopes. "A Matheuristic Based on Column Generation for Parallel Machine Scheduling with Sequence Dependent Setup Times." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 233–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20430-7_30.

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Cheng, X., B. P. Gilbert, H. Guan, I. D. Underhill, and H. Karampour. "Design of an Experimental Set-up to Capture the Dynamic Response of Mass Timber Post-and-Beam Systems Under a Column Removal Scenario." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1213–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8079-6_114.

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Pérez Caldentey, Alejandro, John Hewitt, John van Rooyen, Graziano Leoni, Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert. "Case studies considering the influence of the time-dependent behaviour of concrete on the serviceability limit state design of composite steel-concrete buildings." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 137–56. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch7.

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<p>This chapter presents a number of case studies that deal with the service design of composite steel-concrete buildings associated with the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete. The particular focus of this chapter is to outline key design aspects that need to be accounted for in design and that are influenced by concrete time effects. The first case study provides an overview of the design considerations related to the time-dependent column shortening in typical multi-storey buildings by considering the layout of the Intesa Sanpaolo Headquarters in Turin as reference. The second case study focuses on a composite floor of a commercial building constructed in Australia and it provides an overview of the conceptual design used to select the steel beam framing arrangement to support the composite floor system while accounting for concrete cracking and time effects. The third case study deals with the Quay Quarter Tower that has been designed for the repurposing of an existing 50-year old building in Australia while accounting for the time-dependent interaction between the existing and the new concrete components of the building.</p>
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Kaufmann, Anton. "Quantitative Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues by Sub 2-µm Particulate High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOF)." In Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, 133–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470429969.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Timber columns"

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Hirashima, Takeo, Heisuke Yamashita, Shungo Ishi, Tatsuki Igarashi, Shigeaki Baba, and Tomoyuki Someya. "Deformation behaviour and failure time of glued laminated timber columns in fire." In 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF2020). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/beec17b.

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Kristie, Richard J., Kevin A. Kalata, and Heidi L. Mase. "Repair of Decayed Heavy Timber Roof Truss Columns at 135 Year Old Cathedral." In Structures Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413357.114.

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Opgård, Birger, Gaute Mo, Fernando Ibáñez Climent, and Altea Cámara Aguilera. "Stovner Tower Accessible Pedestrian Walkway to the Fiord Viewpoint." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.186.

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<p>The Stovner Tower forms part of an activity park in the Stovner district of Oslo. The tower, providing a serpentine walkway through the treetops with a maximum height of 15m, is designed to be universally accessible. The route is based on a series of straight lengths connected with abrupt changes of direction. The 2m wide walkway has an overall length of 270m with a constant 1:15 slope. There are four intermediate horizontal platforms intended as relaxation and viewing areas, each one with different sizes. The principal deck structure is steel, formed from a central tube with a diameter of 762mm. The tube is made up of a series of 2m long straight segments which form the walkway change of direction. Steel cantilever ribs are located at 1.5m centres to support both the solid timber decking and the 1.3m high guardrail. The central steel tube is supported at multiple locations by tripod columns formed from GL32c glulam timber sections varying from 200x200mm to 350x350mm. The timber columns are anchored to the bedrock located close to the surface in this area. Steel walkway sections were shop welded in transportable lengths with bolted on- site connections. Timber to steel connections were also bolted. Steel is painted for corrosion protection. All timber, both solid C24 for decking and glulam columns, is treated for external use. A 3D SAP2000 FE model was used for verifications including a buckling analysis for the slender timber columns and a modal analysis to check for frequencies that would make the structure susceptible to pedestrian-induced vibrations.</p>
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Rando, Mario, Gaute Mo, Katie Overton, Fernando Ibáñez, and Manuel Sánchez-Solís. "Finansparken Bjergsted: an innovative timber-framed office building." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0729.

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<p>Finansparken Bjergsted is an office building currently under construction in Stavanger, Norway, for SR-Bank. The structural system above ground level uses timber as the principal load bearing elements (a natural, renewable and readily available local material). Floors are cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels supported by glued laminated timber (GL) beams and columns. For strength and complex geometrical requirements, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of beech is also used. The three basement levels and the four communications and services cores are of reinforced concrete. Mass timber structural elements are engineered for strength and are prefabricated with strict tolerances for a rapid construction process using mainly direct contact timber connections, without metal fasteners. The beams are shaped and fabricated with openings to suit both the architectural aesthetics and services requirements by means of a fully integrated BIM system.</p>
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Jiansuo Ma, Yong Hao, and Runshan Bai. "Research on method of calculating the bearing capacity of timber columns repaired and strengthened by BFRPS." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987487.

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Titirla, Magdalini, Laurent Michel, and Emmanuel Ferrier. "INNOVATIVE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYBRID FLOOR PANELS AND TIMBER COLUMNS ABLE TO REDUCE THE DEFLECTION OF THE PANEL’S BIG SPAN." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.6910.18656.

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Hansen, Eric, Darren Tennant, and Howard Levine. "Numerical Investigation Into End Condition Effects on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Columns to Airblast." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77952.

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Dynamic finite element analysis using explicit time integration is a useful tool for evaluating the response of reinforced concrete columns to both near-contact and offset charges. Typical analyses model a single column in the structure in order to decrease analysis times and isolate the target column response from the general structural response. The effects, if any, of the assumed boundary conditions at the isolated column ends on the column response to the airblast loads are not fully understood at this time. This paper attempts to provide a more complete understanding of such end condition effects by investigating the response of a single column model with a variety of end conditions and comparing these responses to those of a column in a much larger structural model.
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Han, Lin-Han, and Kan Zhou. "Fire performance of concrete-encased CFST columns and beam-column joints." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.6927.

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Concrete-encased CFST (concrete filled steel tube) structure is a type of composite structure featuring an inner CFST component and an outer reinforced concrete (RC) component. They are gaining popularity in high-rise buildings and large-span buildings in China nowadays. To date, the behaviour of concrete-encased CFST structures at ambient temperature has been investigated, but their fire performance has seldom been addressed, including the performance in fire and after exposure to fire. This paper summarizes the fire test results of concrete-encased CFST columns and beam-column joints. The cruciform beam-column joint was composed of one continuous concrete-encased CFST column and two cantilevered reinforced concrete (RC) beams. These specimens were subjected to a combined effect of load and full-range fire. The test procedure included four phases, i.e. a loading phase at ambient temperature, a standard fire exposure phase with constant load applied, a sequential cooling phase and a postfire loading phase. The main findings are presented and analysed. Two types of failure were identified, i.e. the failure during fire exposure and the failure during postfire loading. Global buckling failure was observed for all the column specimens. The column specimens with common load ratios achieved high fire ratings without additional fire protection. The concrete-encased CFST columns also retained high postfire residual strength. As for the joint members, beam failure was observed in all cases. The measured temperature-time history and deformation-time history are also presented and discussed. For both the column and joint specimens, the deformation over the cooling phase was significantly greater than that in the standard fire exposure phase.
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Araki, Hideo, Kazushi Sadasue, and Eisuke Sakamoto. "Seismic performance of circular columns from an existing RC building constructed in 1969." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1257.

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<p>Experimental work was performed using two circular columns taken from a reinforced concrete (RC) building constructed in 1969. The diameter of each column was 550 mm, and the average concrete strength obtained from the material tests was 11.3N/mm2. The columns were subjected to reversal loading with displacement control under constant axial load to evaluate the validity of the equations currently used for seismic evaluation. The damaged columns were repaired with epoxy resin injection to investigate the effect of repairs after earthquake events. The final collapse mechanism was the shear failure mode after flexural yielding. The maximum strength of the retrofitted columns was approximately 1.1 times that of the original columns. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted using ‘‘FINAL’’. The minimum principal stress of the circular columns with low-strength concrete was also examined.</p>
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Talebi, Elnaz, Manfred Korzen, Ana Espinós, and Sascha Hothan. "The effect of damage location on the performance of seismically damaged concrete filled steel tube columns at fire." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.6984.

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In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed and validated to study the effect of seismic damage location on the response of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns at fire after earthquakes. Three analyses were conducted consecutively in the modelling, namely, cyclic, thermal and structural. Results of the cyclic loading analysis comprising residual deformations were applied as the initial condition to the thermal-stress model, replicating the seismic performance of column. Following, a nonlinear sequentially coupled-thermal stress analysis was carried out to investigate the fire response of CFT columns after the seismic event. Three damage scenarios were contemplated, considering any possible potential damages that could be generated by the earthquake loading on CFT columns. The accuracy of proposed FE model was examined by comparing the numerical results with that of available tests on fire and cyclic loading. By means of validated model, the performance of damaged CFT columns was then investigated under fire after earthquakes. The level of damage was assumed as a high damage level, presuming that the column reached 50% of its lateral resistance while still maintaining its overall stability after the earthquake. The results were presented broadly, including the axial deformation history as well as the fire resistance time for CFT columns. To have a comprehensive insight on the influence of damage location in columns, the fire response of damaged specimens was compared with that of an intact one.
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Reports on the topic "Timber columns"

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Williams, Tyler. Lateral Deformation Behavior of Mass Timber Beam to Column Gravity Connection. Portland State University. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/ccemp.43.

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Kuznetsov, Victor, Vladislav Litvinenko, Egor Bykov, and Vadim Lukin. A program for determining the area of the object entering the IR sensor grid, as well as determining the dynamic characteristics. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/bykov.0415.15042021.

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Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.
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Nelson, E. RETENTION TIME EFFECT ON METAL REMOVAL BY PEAT COLUMNS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900804.

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Nash, C. A. Evaluating Residence Time for SuperLig(R) 644 Columns with Simulated LAW Envelope B Solution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812407.

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JOHNSON, P. G. Safety Basis for 1 time transport of 2 concrete boxes containing Ion Exchange Columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808363.

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Nash, C. A. Evaluating Residence Time for SuperLig(R) 644 Columns with Simulated LAW Envelope C (AN-107) Solution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813559.

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Hoffman, Karla. Real Time Scheduling and Routing: Using Column Generation, Branch-and-Cut, and Modern Heuristics to Solve Difficult Combinatorial Optimizational Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422267.

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Hare, D., J. Chandler, S. Compton, R. Garza, D. Grimsley, A. Hernandez, R. Villafana, et al. Propagation or failure of detonation across an air gap in an LX-17 column: continuous time-dependent detonation or shock speed using the Embedded Fiber Optic (EFO) technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926030.

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Flynn, C., AS Koontz, and JH Mather. Time Series of Aerosol Column Optical Depth at the Barrow, Alaska, ARM Climate Research Facility for 2008 Fourth Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966790.

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Karstensen, Johannes, Alexandra Andrae, Ludwig Bitzan, Jakob Deutloff, Christiane Lösel, Paul J. Witting, Nils O. Niebaum, et al. Student cruise: Observing techniques for Physical Oceanographers Cruise No. AL529. GEOMAR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al529.

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Oct. 07 2019 – Oct. 10, 2019 Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) MNF-Pher-110The main purpose of the ALKOR cruise AL529 was the training of students in observational techniques applied by physical oceanographers. The students who participated in the trip attend the module "Measurement Methods of Oceanography" which is offered in the Bachelor program "Physics of the Earth System" at CAU Kiel. During the AL529 the students were instructed in instrument calibration and in the interpretation of measurement data at sea. In addition, the students had the opportunity to learn about working and living at sea and to explore and study the impact of physical processes in the western Baltic Sea, the sea at their doorstep. The observations show a quasi-synoptic picture of the hydrography and currents in the western Baltic Sea. Twice-repeated hydrographic and current sections across the Fehmarn Belt show well the short time scales where significant changes occur. A zonal section along the deepest topography, from about 10°40'E to 014°21'E, shows very nicely the two-layer system of outflowing low salinity and inflowing North Sea water. A bottom shield anchorage shows the currents in the water column and the near-bottom temperature and salinity variations in the Fehmarnbelt area.
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