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Academic literature on the topic 'Timber constructions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Timber constructions"

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Schuetze, Thorsten. "Wood Constructions for Sustainable Building Renovation." Advanced Materials Research 1150 (November 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1150.67.

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This paper discusses the potentials of different wood constructions for the renovation and extension of existing buildings for sustainable urban renewal. The renovation and extension of existing buildings with wood constructions can contribute significantly to sustainable urban redevelopment. The renovation of building envelopes, such as façades and roofs, with highly insulated wooden components, can reduce the transmission heat losses and related heating energy demand of existing buildings significantly. The extension of existing buildings contributes to the redensification of urban areas and can create synergies with the improvement of existing buildings’ performances. The manifold advantages of specific wooden constructions can be related to different aspects, such as construction type and material properties, building execution, design, logistic and sustainability. The results of this research discuss the architectural design and planning relevant properties of specific timber construction types, such as wood frame, cross-laminated timber (CLT), massive timber, and hybrid timber-concrete, considering the properties of different soft (such as spruce) and hard (such as beech) construction timber species. Timber constructions are compared with conventional massive constructions out of concrete and steel. The results confirm the significant advantages of timber constructions regarding all aspects.

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Parvickaitė, Kotryna. "MODERN SOLUTIONS OF TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR ADJUSTMENT POSSIBILITIES IN LITHUANIA / MEDINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ NAUJŲ SPRENDINIŲ TAIKYMO LIETUVOJE GALIMYBĖS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 2 (June 7, 2011): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.037.

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In this article analyses of modern timber construction solutions are made in order to estimate their adjustment possibilities in Lithuania. Construction analyses are made according to the national Building law and other regulations. Two dwelling houses, build in Vilnius, are used as an example to examine whether their designed reinforced concrete and masonry constructions are replaceable by modern timber constructions.

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Resnais, Peteris, Aldis Grekis, Matiss Keivs, and Baiba Gaujena. "Possibilities of Useful Use of Glued Wooden Construction Residues." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154106.

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People have erected buildings with the use of timber structures for a long time. The uses of timber constructions are very diverse—it is used for the production of exterior wall and roof constructions, window frames and doors, and it is used for dry as well as wet premises. Scandinavian countries have extremely vast experience of using timber structures. Latvia has a rather extensive timber processing and timber structure manufacturing sector. Many companies are involved in timber processing, however, to enable even more extensive use of timber structures, environmental and technically economic requirements of contemporary building must be taken into consideration. Environmental requirements for timber structures provide certain advantages in comparison to other building materials, but technically economic requirements are very important as well. The development of manufacturing of glued constructions and research of production processes of these constructions allows one to find solutions for the reduction in the cost of timber structures, and the results of such research can ensure significant development of the use of timber structures in building, as well as reduce total construction costs. The basic objective of the study is to investigate the residual materials arising as a result of processing cross-laminated timber constructions (CLT panels), material generated as a result of high levels of construction production, and research of the opportunities to reprocess the residual materials generated as a result of laminated timber structure manufacturing into materials suitable for production of building constructions. The majority of CLT panels are manufactured using 20, 30 and 40 mm thick boards, and, during the panel manufacturing process, there are various standard thicknesses of panels, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 mm, etc. Various layers are used for the creation of various thicknesses depending on the necessary technical properties. Various arrangements of the thickness of a single panel will cause different structural and physical behaviour (i.e., impact of changes in moisture, fire resistance, etc.). During the research and for the purposes of testing of CLT panels, only residues with equal types and thicknesses of lamellae were selected. Two main purposes were included in the panel testing process: (1) Comparison of technical performance of the residues of CLT panels with the classic CLT panel. Curve strength and tensile strength tests were performed in accordance with LVS EN standards (LVS EN 16351: 2016 and LVS EN 408 + A1: 2012). All the samples were prepared according to the LVS EN standards. (2) To assess the impact of two resins (melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polyurethane (PU)), widely used in industry, on structural properties of recycled CLT material. Results of the research show that recycling residues of glued wooden constructions may lead to good results, and manufacturing residues of CLT panels may be successfully used in construction and for the reduction in CLT panel manufacturing costs.

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Gugutsidze, G., and F. Draškovič. "Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-010-0006-4.

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Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plasticsWood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.

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Medveď, Juraj, Bart Ingeleare, and Lieven de Geetere. "Mockup Investigation of Lightweight Timber Floor." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.499.

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This paper dealt with measurement and analysis of different floor structures and their acoustic optimization towards the improvement of the impact sound insulation. Special attention goes to light weight timber frame constructions with taking in account the low frequency bands. The aim of the research is to create or design acoustic optimized lightweight floor constructions and mainly to find a good solution to achieve the best possible impact sound insulation for lightweight floors with the lowest possible thickness and low cost. Following contribution is first part of mentioned investigation and deal about test results on mockup lightweight construction.

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Lewis, Miles. "Composite Vernacular Constructions." Built Heritage 3, no. 4 (December 2019): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545717.

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AbstractVernacular building is the building for ordinary people, constrained by the practicalities of environmental conditions and physical materials, and influenced by traditional culture, but not mediated by professional architects and engineers. Combinations of earth and timber, such as wattle and daub, are found in the vernacular in almost every part of the world, but are a source of great confusion to archaeologists and scholars. Archaeologists are misled by the remains, in which the earth may have survived but the timber usually does not. Techniques such as Lehmwickel are never recognised in archaeological work. There is no common system of naming or classification, and English speakers regularly describe any combination of earth and timber in walling as ‘wattle and daub’. Many of these techniques have been changed by the impact of modern technology, notably pole and pug construction (which is often confused with wattle and daub, though it is quite different in principle); this is essentially a 19th century development because it relies upon plentiful and cheap nails. The purpose of this paper is to establish a common terminology in English, and where possible in other relevant languages, so that misinterpretations are avoided and scholarship can proceed on an orderly basis.

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Kieslich, Hubertus, and Klaus Holschemacher. "Composite Constructions of Timber and High-Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1171.

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Currently Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) Constructions are often applied for strengthening existing timber beam slabs. The load bearing capacity of the composite construction is primarily affected by the material properties of the timber beam and the concrete slab. But the type of bond between both parts is also of high importance. The concrete slab has to perform several tasks, not only in load carrying direction of the ceiling but also perpendicular to the direction of span or for stiffening the whole building. These tasks will be pointed out in this paper. Furthermore the working process (easy workable mixture and exchange of conventional reinforcement) and the dead load of the construction are of particular interest in the field of redevelopment. Several innovative concretes have been verified for the use in TCC constructions. Regarding their fresh and hardened concrete properties, they all can be described as High Performance Concretes (HPC). In this paper Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), Structural Lightweight Concrete (SLWC), High Strength Concrete (HSC) or combinations of them will be focused. Especially the advantages but also the disadvantages of innovative concretes for the use in TCC will be presented as well as the results of some experimental investigations.

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Baďurová, Silvia, Radoslav Ponechal, and Pavol Ďurica. "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Analysis of Passive House with Variable Construction Materials." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2013-0015.

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Abstract The term "passive house" refers to rigorous and voluntary standards for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. There are many ways how to build a passive house successfully. These designs as well as construction techniques vary from ordinary timber constructions using packs of straw or constructions of clay. This paper aims to quantify environmental quality of external walls in a passive house, which are made of a timber frame, lightweight concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks in order to determine whether this constructional form provides improved environmental performance. Furthermore, this paper assesses potential benefit of energy savings at heating of houses in which their external walls are made of these three material alternatives. A two storey residential passive house, with floorage of 170.6 m2, was evaluated. Some measurements of air and surface temperatures were done as a calibration etalon for a method of simulation.

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Baďurová, Silvia, and Radoslav Ponechal. "The Comparative Analysis of External Walls in a Passive House with Respect to Environment and Energy." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.258.

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The term "passive house" refers to rigorous and voluntary standards for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. There are many ways how to build a passive house successfully. These designs as well as construction techniques vary from ordinary timber constructions using packs of straw or constructions of clay. This paper aims to quantify environmental quality of external walls in a passive house, which are made of a timber frame, lightweight concrete blocks and sand-lime bricks in order to determine whether this constructional form provides improved environmental performance. Furthermore, this paper assesses potential benefit of energy savings at heating of houses in which their external walls are made of these three material alternatives. A two-storey residential passive house, with floorage of 170.6 m2, was evaluated. Some measurements of air and surface temperatures were done as a calibration etalon for a method of simulation.

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Far, Harry, and Claire Far. "Timber Portal Frames vs Timber Truss-Based Systems for Residential Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 28, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9047679.

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A large number of structures have been built during or after the construction of a house or residential-zoned building, which are not built at the same time and/or integrally with the structural integrity of the residential dwelling. These include carports, pergolas, sheds, and barns. The typical method of constructing these structures is a general timber truss and column system. The aim of this study is to look at the feasibility and economic incentive that may be gained from using a timber portal frame system, similar to the steel or timber portal frames used for larger industrial constructions, over the traditional timber truss and column arrangement. In this study, designs for three cases of timber truss and timber portals were carried out using industry appropriate methods and standards. Using the design information and data gathered through talks with industry professionals, both methods of construction were compared on cost and overall time duration. From the comparison of the truss and portal designs, the use of timber portal frames over timber truss systems proved to have advantage in relation to overall cost and man power involved. This could certainly affect the current attitude towards the construction of small residential buildings in the future.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Timber constructions"

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Hameury, Stéphane. "The hygrothermal inertia of massive timber constructions /." Stockholm : Division of building materials, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4200.

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Öqvist, Rikard. "Variations in sound insulation in lightweight timber constructions." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Drift, underhåll och akustik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26446.

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This licentiate thesis deals with the topic of variations and uncertainties in building acoustic parameters for lightweight timber constructions. A higher safety margin to the legal requirements is needed to compensate for acoustical uncertainties, which leads to higher costs. Building costs can be reduced if the variations can be identified and controlled. The project was limited to industrially prefabricated timber frame based volumes and massive timber based plate elements. This thesis is based on the work reported in three papers (A, B and C). In paper A, the variations in impact and airborne sound insulation were assessed and quantified in 30 nominally identical volume built apartments in a four-storey building. Large variations were found and the underlying causes were investigated. A statistically significant difference between floor numbers was found as the highest floor achieved better sound insulation. This difference was assumed to be caused by the higher static load on lower floors affecting the elastic layer used to structurally connect the apartments. In paper B, three room volumes were followed and measured at different stages of completion throughout the construction process. The objective was to test if acoustical deviations in the field can be identified at earlier construction stages. An ISO tapping machine was used to excite the floors and the response was measured at 20 positions. The airborne and impact sound insulation were measured in the finished building. Deviations were found, but these could not be traced to earlier stages of completion. In Paper C, the variations in sound insulation of a cross-laminated timber (CLT) building system was investigated. The construction was based on prefabricated wall and floor plate elements which were mounted at the building site. A number of acoustical uncertainties related to the measurement procedure were also investigated. The measurement uncertainty was small in comparison to the total variations. The degree of prefabrication for the CLT system was lower compared to the volume system, which indicated a greater scope for poor workmanship. All papers indicate a higher sound insulation on the upper floors in a building. It is therefore important to carefully design the elastic layer between floor numbers. The measurement uncertainty has been continuously considered in this thesis. In order to properly identify and quantify variations, the measurement uncertainty should be minimised. Advantages and drawbacks with different measurement methods and directions for future research are discussed in the concluding chapters.
Godkänd; 2010; 20101110 (ricokv); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Teknisk akustik/Engineering Acoustics Examinator: Professor Anders Ågren, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Teknologie doktor Christian Simmons, Simmons akustik & utveckling AB, Göteborg Tid: Torsdag den 16 december 2010 kl 13.00 Plats: F719 Taylor, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Björngrim, Niclas. "Monitoring and Inspections of Timber Bridges : Moisture Content Measurements Adapted for Large Timber Constructions." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63540.

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Hameury, Stéphane. "Heat and moisture buffering capacity of heavy timber constructions /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-383.

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Kohrmann, Mathias [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Müller, Carl [Gutachter] Hopkins, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Schanda. "Numerical Methods for the Vibro-Acoustic Assessment of Timber Floor Constructions / Mathias Kohrmann ; Gutachter: Carl Hopkins, Gerhard Müller, Ulrich Schanda ; Betreuer: Gerhard Müller." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126115770/34.

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Hay, William. "An investigation into the fire resistance of service penetrations in fire rated floor constructions containing timber I-joists, in relation to building regulation guidance." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743970.

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Winter, Christoph Karl [Verfasser], Gerhard H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, Gerhard H. [Gutachter] Müller, Brian [Gutachter] Mace, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Schanda. "Frequency Dependent Modeling for the Prediction of the Sound Transmission in Timber Constructions / Christoph Karl Winter ; Gutachter: Gerhard H. Müller, Brian Mace, Ulrich Schanda ; Betreuer: Gerhard H. Müller." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164157027/34.

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Franzoni, Lorenzo. "Mechanical behavior of regularly spaced Cross Laminated Timber panels : Modeling and experimental validation in ambient and fire conditions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1113/document.

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Les panneaux en bois lamellé croisé (en anglais CLT - Cross Laminated Timber) sont des éléments de structure composés de couches en bois collées entre eleese et empilées de façon croisée. Chaque couche est composée de planches en bois juxtaposées et généralement non collées sur leur chants. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'influence sur le comportement mécanique des espacements entre planches des panneaux avec une approche par modélisation et expérimentation. Les panneaux CLT standard sont considérés comme des panneaux avec des espacements de très faible dimension par opposition aux panneaux avec espacements importants que nous appelons panneaux innovants. Nous modélisons dans un premier temps le comportement en flexion de panneaux standard à l'aide d'un modèle de couche homogène équivalente basée sur des hypothèses simplifiées de la mécanique d'une couche avec chants collés ou non collés. Nous observons un bon accord entre les résultats de notre modélisation et des résultats expérimentaux issus de la littérature. Des études paramétriques sont ensuite réalisés portant sur certaines propriétés des panneaux.Nous avons ensuite réalisé des essais de flexion 4-points sur des panneaux CLT standard et innovants pour quantifier l'influence des espacements sur la réponse mécanique des panneaux. Il se trouve que l'influence des effets de cisaillement transverse sur le comportement élastique et à la rupture augmente avec l'augmentation des vides dans le panneau.Afin de prendre correctement en compte les effets du cisaillement, les CLT espacés sont modélisés comme des plaques épaisses périodiques à l'aide d'un modèle de plaque d'ordre supérieur. Ce modèle a été appliqué à la géométrie des panneaux CLT espacés avec un schéma d'homogénéisation périodique. Des méthodes simplifiées existantes ont également été comparées avec les résultats des essais et le modèle de plaque. De plus, des résultats d'essais de cisaillement dans le plan des panneaux CLT standard issus de la littérature ont été comparés avec nos résultats. La raideur de flexion des CLT espacés peut être prédite avec des méthodes simples existantes, alors que seule la modélisation que nous proposons permet de prédire le comportement en cisaillement transverse et dans le plan. Finalement, des formules analytiques ont été obtenues pour prédire le comportement élastique des CLT espacés. Ces formules donnent une bonne approximation u comportement des CLT espacés et peuvent être utilisées dans le cadre d'une démarche pratique de dimensionnement.Enfin, une étude concernant l'analyse du comportement au feu des panneaux CLT standard est présentée. La comparaison entre des résultats d'essais au feu et une modélisations avancée et simplifiée a permis de proposer une possible amélioration de la méthode de dimensionnement au feu standard
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT, or crosslam) panels are engineered timber products composed of layers made of wooden lamellas placed side by side, glued on their upperand lower faces and stacked crosswise. In the present thesis, the influence of lateral spaces between lamellas of each layer on the panel’s mechanical response is investigated with modeling and tests. Both configurations of standard panels having short spaces and innovative CLT panels with large spaces are analyzed.As a first approach, the bending behavior of standard crosslam was modeled by means of an equivalent-layer model based on simplified hypotheses on mechanical properties of laterally glued or unglued layers. The good agreement of the predicted behavior with an experiment of the literature finally allowed an investigation on several CLT properties by means of parameter studies.Then, 4-points bending tests on standard and innovative CLT floors were performed in order to quantify the influence of periodic spaces on the panels' mechanical response. It appears that the influence of transverse shear effects on the elastic and failure behavior of spaced CLT increases with the increasing spaces between boards.In order to take into account transverse shear effects, spaced CLT have been modeled as periodic thick plates by means of a higher-order plate theory for laminated plates. This model has been applied to the geometry of spaced CLT with a periodic homogenization scheme. Existing simplified methods for spaced crosslam were compared as well with refined modeling and test results. Moreover, available in-plane shear tests of the literature have been compared to the modeling results. It appears that the bending behavior of spaced CLT can be predicted with simplified existing approaches, while only the more refined modeling can predict the in-plane and transverse shear behavior. Then, closed-form solutions for predicting spaced CLT elastic behavior were derived in order to encourage the application of spaced CLT panels in modern timber construction.One further study within this thesis concerns the analysis of fire-exposed standard CLT floors. The comparison between test results and both advanced and simplified modeling led to a suggestion for a possible improvement the standard fire design model

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Gustafsson, Sara, and Stina Jonsson. "Performance of cavity barriers exposed to fire : A model scale test." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63648.

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To build multi story buildings out of timber is of a common interest in the building sector. Timber as a building material has many profits, such as the low cost, the availability and the ability to recycle it, the low carbon footprint and the workability. Although, when it comes to fire protection of buildings with a timber based structure there are challenges regarding prevention of the spread of fire while timber surface is exposed to fire. There have been cases in which timber buildings have caught fire leading to severe fire spread and ruined buildings. One example concerns a student modulus accommodation in Luleå that caught fire in august 2013. The fire started on the fourth floor after which a vertical fire spread occurred in concealed spaces between the volume modules. According to the fire investigation lack of knowledge regarding performance of detailed building solutions has led to the poor fire performance of the building. This master thesis mainly consists of a model scale tests that is prepared and performed according to the standard EN 1363-1. The purpose of the test is to investigate the performance of various cavity barriers exposed to fire. The main objective is to examine which temperatures that can be expected at different positions at various cavity barriers when using model scale test as a test method. There are two main kinds of cavity barriers: barriers that are airtight and closed inside the voids of the construction; and ventilated barriers. The most common cavity barriers are the ones that are airtight and closed. The material can be solid wood, gypsum board or mineral wool. The installation areas for these cavity barriers are anywhere, besides where the concealed spaces shall be ventilated and in every joint that shall be sealed using sealant. The ventilated cavity barriers are mounted in concealed spaces where the ventilating function is provided. These concealed spaces are often situated in, for example, ventilated attics, facades and roofs. The purpose of the ventilated barriers is to maintain the air flow in the cavity during regular conditions but also to form a protecting barrier between fire compartments when exposed to fire. The model scale test includes test apparatuses such as thermocouples and a fire resistance furnace with plate thermometers and burners. In addition, a test rig consisting of test specimens and the products to be tested are essential. In this report, two model scale tests have been performed and prepared according to EN 1363‑1. The test period endured for four hours and the thermocouples measured the temperatures during the whole time. During the first hour the test specimens were exposed to the standard ISO 834 fire curve by controlling the burners in the furnace. After one hour the burners were turned off and the specimens were no longer exposed to fire. The measurements of the temperatures continued during three more hours. After the first two of these three hours the furnace was opened to confer more oxygen in the purpose to record any changes in the temperatures. Results of the performed experiments have indicated parameters that affect the performance of the cavity barriers. The cavity surface itself has an influence to the fire spread. The number of barriers in the cavity and the material properties of the material that is used as the cavity barrier lead to the different protection by those cavity barriers. Some of the tested barriers were plastic covered, which had effect on the performance of the cavity barriers. The dimensions of the barriers, moreover the width and the thickness, are important parameters for the proper function of the barrier. The test results indicate that glowing combustion occurs in the cavity between various cavity barriers. It can be seen that the temperature rises when the furnace is opened. This indicates the appearance of smouldering since the combustion increases when the amount of oxygen increases, which leads to a temperature rise. Furthermore, the appearance of smouldering (glowing combustion) can be indicated by the observation of the damages of the specimens after the test. The temperatures that may be expected at the unexposed side of the cavity barrier depend on the surface material of the cavity, dimensions, and the material of the cavity barriers. Smouldering is a consequence of the temperature rise in closed cavities between cavity barriers. The performed test endured for approximately four hours and this indicates that fires in cavities can stay for a long time. To ensure the performance of various cavity barriers and verification by a model scale test it is important to perform further experiment and analyses to investigate the effects of the various parameters. To ensure the effectiveness of the performance of the cavity barriers they should be tested in cavities with various widths and various heights. Further investigation of the risk for smouldering is needed with measuring the amount of oxygen and the pressure.

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Hairstans, Robert. "Optimisation of timber platform frame construction." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2007. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6041.

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Timber platform frame has evolved as an efficient method of construction for domestic dwellings and is experiencing continual growth in the UK due to it lending itself to off-site modem methods of construction (MMC), being environmentally efficient and exhibiting structural robustness. The challenge faced by the industry in the UK is to continue the evolutionary process such that the future demands of off-site MMC and regulatory changes are met. By conducting a study of the development of timber platform frame construction and reviewing the current and future requirements of the domestic dwelling construction market the challenges for the industry were highlighted. The business drivers of a timber platform frame manufacturer were considered and in conjunction with the information from the review an agenda of research programmes was derived. The objective of the research, although primarily from a structural timber engineering perspective, was to address the challenges faced by the industry employing a holistic approach with a view to implementing applied research. The UK procurement process for domestic dwelling construction is such that building layout is determined by architectural requirements. Building layout can have an adverse effect on structural stability and result in an inefficient system. A design review was conducted to determine the influencing factors which impinge upon system stability as a result of which recommendations for improvements were made. From the investigation the transfer of shear from a wall diaphragm to the foundation was deemed critical. Therefore, an experimental study was carried out which has resulted in an optimised specification. Further to this mathematical modelling techniques were used to demonstrate the impact that architectural layout has on stability, quantifying the financial penalty of inefficient layout and making recommendations to improve current designs. One of major priorities of the UK Government is to reduce climate change by implementing a low carbon economy with sustainable production and consumption; all with duty of care towards natural resources. Improvements to the Building Regulations (2006), in conjunction with other requirements, will result in wall U-values in domestic dwellings to be between 0.27 to 0.30W/m2K. To determine an efficient method of meeting the new regulations an all encompassing research programme was conducted with the primary function being to develop a sustainable method of achieving thermal efficiency. Another method of wall construction is Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) and this option was reviewed. Initial work by Kermani (2005) on the structural performance of SIPs was extended to examine their racking characterisitcs with comparative studies to European and British structural codes of practice carried out. One of the key industry drivers which the review highlighted was the need for the implementation of lean technologies. The fabrication of flitch beams (timber-steel-timber sandwich configuration), used in cases of onerous load span conditions and limited depth of section, was improved through the implementation of a shot fired dowel connection method. To optimise the method of fabrication and achieve implementation an extensive laboratory study was carried out the results of which are compared to European structural codes of practice with recommendations made for design. The implementation of off-site MMC methods results in a change in associated risk during construction from minor consequence and high risk to major consequence and low risk. The crane erect method of timber platform frame construction optimises on-site performance in terms of both time and cost and reduces the requirement of working at height, which on average causes almost one fatality every week. The biggest health and safety risk associated with the crane erect method is failure of the roof system when being lifted into position. Using an analytical model, verified by full scale laboratory testing, a range of lifting conditions were researched and a best practice lifting procedure was developed which allows the safe lifting of standard roof systems used in domestic dwelling construction.

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Books on the topic "Timber constructions"

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Rural constructions in timber. Lund, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1988.

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Timber buildings: Low-energy constructions. Bozen: Bozen-Bolzano University Press, 2010.

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Roy, Rob. Timber Framing for the Rest of Us. New York: New Society Publishers, 2009.

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Beggs, William Alan. Investigation of timber floor/ceiling constructions perforated by recessed light fittings: M Sc. Fire Safety Engineering report. [S.l: The Author], 1995.

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Timber construction manual. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.

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American Institute of Timber Construction. Timber construction manual. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1994.

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Timber Research and Development Association. and Intermediate Technology and Development Group., eds. Timber pole construction. London: Intermediate Technology, 1990.

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Wainwright, R. B. Timber frame construction. Hughenden Valley, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire: TRADA, 1988.

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American Institute of Timber Constr. Timber Construction Manual. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118279687.

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Holzleimbau =: Laminated timber construction. Basel: Birkhauser-Publishers for Architecture, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Timber constructions"

1

Bauer, Michael. "A Custom Robotic Trimmer for Modern Timber Constructions." In Rob | Arch 2012, 305–8. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1465-0_39.

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Aseeva, Roza, Boris Serkov, and Andrey Sivenkov. "Fire Protection of Timber Building Structures and Constructions." In Fire Behavior and Fire Protection in Timber Buildings, 199–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7460-5_9.

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Fink, Gerhard, and Jochen Kohler. "Risk Based Investigations of Partly Failed or Damaged Timber Constructions." In Materials and Joints in Timber Structures, 67–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_6.

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Aseeva, Roza, Boris Serkov, and Andrey Sivenkov. "Fire Safety and Fire Resistance of Building Structures and Timber Constructions." In Fire Behavior and Fire Protection in Timber Buildings, 177–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7460-5_8.

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Deplazes, Andrea. "Timber." In Constructing Architecture, 77–112. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7666-x_5.

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Watts, Andrew. "Timber windows." In Modern Construction Envelopes, 146–55. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0258-9_14.

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Dinwoodie, John M. "Deformation in timber." In Construction Materials, 511–42. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-49.

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Dinwoodie, John M. "Durability of timber." In Construction Materials, 573–84. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-51.

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Ruggieri, Nicola. "Reliability of Timber Framed Constructions in Seismic Prone Areas in the Practice Codes Issued from 18th to 19th Century." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 229–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_19.

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Dinwoodie, John M. "Strength and failure in timber." In Construction Materials, 543–72. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164595-50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Timber constructions"

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Miebach, Frank, and Dominik Niewerth. "Solid Timber Bridge Constructions." In Footbridge 2017 Berlin. Chair of Conceptual and Structural Design, Fachgebiet Entwerfen und Konstruieren – Massivbau, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2017.09183.

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Feliciangeli, Dario, Krzysztof Mierzwa, and Mariana Antunes. "Fully Stress Laminated Timber Bridge." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0127.

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<p>The combination of zero carbon emission infrastructures and low construction costs has become the most important challenge for civil engineers. Specifically, in developing countries, governments and communities should demand infrastructures which embrace a different design methodology using low impact materials and innovative building sequences to achieve sustainable, safe and accelerated constructions. The proposed footbridge, located in Central Africa, is a timber truss based on local materials which extends the timber stress lamination technology to all its parts. The resulting system is a structure made of small and light timber components that ease the construction and reduce the cost, representing a feasible solution for pedestrian bridges in developing countries. This design underlines the importance of concepts like constructability, sustainability and safety which should be shared by any construction in the 21th century.</p>

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Tekić, Žikica, Ljiljana Kozarić, and Martina Vojnić Purčar. "TIMBER FRAME TRUSS CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE LKV SYSTEM." In GEO-EXPO 2020. DRUŠTVO ZA GEOTEHNIKU U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/geo-expo_2020_8.

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The paper presents timber frame truss constructions in the LKV system and their application in the one hipped end gable roofs. Special attention is paid to the design of the side sector of the roof, as a function of the static height of the girder and the size of the associated load. The basic principles of functional organization of characteristic roof sectors are given, which is important for defining the geometry of all girders that form a timber structure. Unification of prefabricated elements is important for the production and economy of the timber structure. As part of the timber structure, the position and geometry of the bracings are also given, as constituent elements of the roof structure.

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Cobas, Ana C., Renso A. Cichero, Miguel A. Tortoriello, and Luis J. Lima. "Timber constructions as a main participant in the solution of housing problem." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0630.

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<p>The development of timber constructions all around the world may be a very important component in a global policy of affordable housing. To realize this target timber constructions must have adequate security and acceptable durability. It means to have a well-founded Specific Structural Theory and sufficient data about deterioration process and rheological comportment. In this paper we analyze: a) the advantages and disadvantages of timber constructions; b) the main basic hypothesis to develop a theory concerning the “Strength of Wood Material Bodies” (a specific Strength of Materials referred to timber constructions); c) a more precise method to determine wood strength in any case; d) an adequate policy to assure desirable durability of timber constructions.</p>

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Weinand, Y. "Towards Sustainable Timber Construction Through the Application of Wood-Wood Connections." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0177.

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<p>This paper introduces a series of sustainable timber construction using wood-wood connections, which are driven from environmental requirements. These constructions are based on geometries like origami and free-form instead of standard structural elements. In addition, to predict the structural behaviour, the simplified numerical methods for accurately modelling are used. The aim of these case studies is to better explore the value of wood-wood connections as inheritance of ancient culture and extend research on their integration into design processes. Through the design, manufacturing and assembly stage, the connections are investigated as a driver for architectural forms. The utilisation of these innovative connections with minimised metal connectors ensures the rapid, precise and simple assembly process. With in-depth study and innovation of the ancient wood-wood connections, experience in prefabricated timber structure not only offers new geometrical opportunities, but also expands the understanding of integration of ancient and modern cultures.</p>

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f Švajlenka, Joze, Mária Kozlovská, and Marcela Spišáková. "GREEN AND ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/24.

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Ecology and environmental protection have been discussed more and more in the last few years. This trend was also affected by the construction and architecture department. Concepts such as green building, environmentally friendly materials, alternative energy sources and energy-efficient construction systems of buildings are depressed. All of this comes under the name "Green Buildings". Wood-based construction and material solutions are a response to these trends. Investors and users are gradually starting to think more environmentally friendly and therefore many times also make decisions for wood-based constructions. There are several systems that fall into the category of so-called crushed buildings. The aim of this work is to provide a look at the "greener" options offered in the construction industry with an emphasis on their energy and thermal characteristics. The subject of the research was selected structural parts of timber-based buildings applied to model constructions by means of which selected thermal-technical characteristics were evaluated. This work points out the differences between the compared design variants of wooden buildings in terms of their ability to effectively save energy sources for heating inserted during the operation of wood-based buildings.

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Tashbaeva, Kadicha. "To the semantics of dromoses and entrances in the timber constructions of Inner Tien-Shan early nomads." In ANCIENT NECROPOLISES — FUNERAL AND MEMORIAL RITUALISM, ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING OF NECROPOLISES. Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-93572-816-8-71-78.

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Solarino, Fabio, Daniel V. Oliveira, and Linda Giresini. "A review on wall-to-timber floor anchorages in URM buildings." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0096.

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<p>Out of plane failure of unreinforced masonry walls is considered one of the most vulnerable seismic hazards in medium and high earthquake-prone regions. Efficient structural connections enable global equilibrated mechanisms, ensuring the “box-behavior”. Timber floors are widely used as horizontal diaphragm in historical constructions, and their connection to the boundary walls is crucial to facilitate internal force redistribution and to restrain out of plane walls. Wall-to-floor anchorages are typical in existing historical buildings, and innovative solutions are proposed nowadays by engineers as strengthening devices. Unfortunately, they are often too invasive or unsustainable solutions, applied without reliable seismic design and evaluation through valid models.</p><p>This paper presents a literature review on the traditional and innovative wall-to-timber floor anchors used in unreinforced masonry buildings taking into account experimental works, analytical and numerical studies.</p>

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Nunes, Lina, João L. Parracha, Paulina Faria, Pedro Palma, António Maurício, and Manuel F. C. Pereira. "Towards an assessment tool of anobiid damage of pine timber structures." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1734.

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<p>The safety assessment of old timber structures is an important issue, due to the long-term behaviour of wood and the structural complexity found in some older constructions. If the structure is degraded due to the action of wood-boring insects, the complexity of the analysis increases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of anobiid beetles’ attack on old timber structures. One major difficulty concerns the assessment of the effective strength of timber cross sections with anobiid damage. This happens because beetles’ attack produces a diffuse damage, with a set of tunnels in random directions.</p><p>Compression parallel to the grain and screw withdrawal tests have been made in pine naturally degraded by anobiids (natural samples – NS) and in pine with artificially bored galleries (artificial samples – AS). 216 samples were tested (97 to screw withdrawal and 119 to compression). The original density of NS is unknown. For AS, 0.7% and 1.4% of lost material was simulated. Screw withdrawal and compression force values were related with density for AS (𝑟2 = 0.52 for compression; 𝑟2 = 0.56 for screw withdrawal). The results show a significant variation between the average results obtained both to the compression (42.9 MPa – AS; 27.2 MPa – NS) and to the pull- out (3.4 KN – AS; 2.2 KN – NS).</p><p>Although there was an attempt to simulate the degradation by woodworm with the AS, with known density, the test results were significantly different from those obtained for the NS, where the percentage of lost material is unknown, as well as initial density. Thus, knowledge of residual timber density seems to be paramount to know the level of deterioration and the real impact of this on a structure. Further developments on this issue are ongoing.</p>

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Ludwig, Michel, and Ullrich Hustadt. "Resolution-Based Model Construction for PLTL." In 2009 16th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2009.11.

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Reports on the topic "Timber constructions"

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Diggs-McGee, Brandy, Eric Kreiger, Megan Kreiger, and Michael Case. Print time vs. elapsed time : a temporal analysis of a continuous printing operation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41422.

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In additive construction, ambitious goals to fabricate a concrete building in less than 24 hours are attempted. In the field, this goal relies on a metric of print time to make this conclusion, which excludes rest time and delays. The task to complete a building in 24 hours was put to the test with the first attempt at a fully continuous print of a structurally reinforced additively constructed concrete (ACC) building. A time series analysis was performed during the construction of a 512 ft2 (16’x32’x9.25’) building to explore the effect of delays on the completion time. This analysis included a study of the variation in comprehensive layer print times, expected trends and forecasting for what is expected in future prints of similar types. Furthermore, the study included a determination and comparison of print time, elapsed time, and construction time, as well as a look at the effect of environmental conditions on the delay events. Upon finishing, the analysis concluded that the 3D-printed building was completed in 14-hours of print time, 31.2- hours elapsed time, a total of 5 days of construction time. This emphasizes that reports on newly 3D-printed constructions need to provide a definition of time that includes all possible duration periods to communicate realistic capabilities of this new technology.

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Beliveau, Yvan J., Jerry King, Carl Magnell, Glen Weathers, and J. M. Williams. Crucial Links for Construction Site Productivity: Real-Time Construction Layout and As-Built Plans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295233.

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Millar, Jonathan, Stephen Oliner, and Daniel Sichel. Time-To-Plan Lags for Commercial Construction Projects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19408.

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Jiang, Yi, and Huaxin Chen. Contract Time Optimization Methodologies for Highway Construction Projects. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314297.

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Ince, Peter J., and Prakash Nepal. Effects on U.S. Timber Outlook of Recent Economic Recession, Collapse in Housing Construction, and Wood Energy Trends. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-219.

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Getoor, R. K., and Joseph Glover. Constructing Markov Processes with Random Times of Birth and Death,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171856.

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Jiang, Yi, and Hongbo Wu. Determination of INDOT Highway Construction Production Rates and Estimation of Contract Times. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313455.

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Allison, Peter S. Bispectral Inversion: The Construction of a Time Series from Its Bispectrum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202508.

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Cai, Hubo, JungHo Jeon, Xin Xu, Yuxi Zhang, and Liu Yang. Automating the Generation of Construction Checklists. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317273.

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Construction inspection is a critical component of INDOT’s quality assurance (QA) program. Upon receiving an inspection notice/assignment, INDOT inspectors review the plans and specifications to identify the construction quality requirements and conduct their inspections accordingly. This manual approach to gathering inspection requirements from textual documents is time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone. This project addresses this critical issue by developing an inspection requirements database along with a set of tools to automatically gather the inspection requirements and provide field crews with customized construction checklists during the inspection with the specifics of what to check, when to check, and how to check, as well as the risks and the actions to take when noncompliance is encountered. This newly developed toolset eliminates the manual effort required to acquire construction requirements, which will enhance the efficiency of the construction inspection process at INDOT. It also enables the incorporation of field-collected data to automate future compliance checking and facilitate construction documentation.

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Vavrin, John L., Ghassan K. Al-Chaar, Eric L. Kreiger, Michael P. Case, Brandy N. Diggs, Richard J. Liesen, Justine Yu, et al. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Energy Modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39641.

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The need to conduct complex operations over time results in U.S. forces remaining in deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustainable facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustainable operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that redesign the types and characteris-tics of the structures constructed, reduce the resources required to build, and reduce resources needed to operate and maintain the com-pleted facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capability to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for construction applications. This document, which documents ACES energy and modeling, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and associated results, including: System Requirements, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.

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