Journal articles: 'Timber frame structure'

1

Poletti, Elisa, and Graca Vasconcelos. "Seismic Behaviour and Retrofitting of Timber Frame Walls." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.706.

Full text

Abstract:

Half-timbered buildings are well known as one of the most efficient seismic resistant structure in the world, but their popularity is not only due to their seismic performance, but also to their low cost and the strength they offer. These structures generally consist of exterior masonry walls with timber elements embedded which tie the walls together and internal walls which have a timber frame with masonry infill and act as shear walls. Generally, different types of infill could be applied to half-timbered walls depending on the country, namely brick masonry, rubble masonry, hay, mud, etc. The focus of this paper is to study the seismic behaviour of the walls when no infill is present, i.e. considering only the timber frame, and then compare the results with those of the infill walls. Static cyclic tests have been performed on unreinforced timber frame walls and appropriate strengthening solutions have been applied in order to test the walls in a retrofitted condition, namely (1) steel plates with different configurations and (2) steel flat bars inserted with the NSM technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Malone, Brian P., Rakesh Gupta, Thomas H. Miller, and Maureen E. Puettmann. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LIGHT-FRAME AND TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURES." Journal of Green Building 9, no. 2 (July 2014): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.2.102.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental performance of different wood structural assemblies for residential buildings. Two structural systems (a traditional timber frame and a light-frame) were compared together with alternate material options for each system. Environmental impacts were determined using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings software. Design alterations for generalization were made to an existing timber frame (TF) structure used as the basis of this analysis, and an equivalent light-frame (LF) structure was designed based on the International Residential Code (IRC). Environmental impacts observed include total energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, global warming potential (GWP), and wood fiber use. All analyses were considered cradle-to-gate, including the manufacturing and construction life-cycle stages. Results show how GWP is linked to both fossil fuel consumption and wood fiber use, and how ultimate environmental impact is driven by energy source. Environmental impacts of structures are driven by material choice, and levels of carbon stored in structural wood serve to decrease GWP. Of the structural assemblies analyzed, the most traditional TF structure outperformed all other options in almost every measure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Polastri, Andrea, Serena Christofides, and Roberto Tomasi. "Static and Thermohygrometric Analysis of a New Typology of Timber Framed Structure in Dolomites." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.82.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper a study is presented about timber frames structures in Dolomites area. A wood timber frame construction system spans across a very long period in time and across a broad geographical area. The construction elements have guaranteed longevity to structures located in very different areas, under a geographical, climatic and seismic point of view. In most frames cases, it is the masonry that constitutes the filling. This construction system in Europe has been used both for dwelling and work buildings. Timber frames solutions have been chosen according to local traditions, historical and economical context. This construction procedure is widespread present in the area of the Dolomites; in particular in the valleys nearby Cortina DAmpezzo, where environment conditions are particularly severe: traditional constructions used to combine the dwelling part with the barn. These buildings are nowadays, in a lot of cases, abandoned and there is no sign of interest as for a new use of them due to many changes, such as the disappearing of grazing and agriculture activities, the consequences of modern living on environment. Aim of this paper is to present a new kind of building (designed for housing), entirely wood framed (static function), filled with masonry (environmental comfort) and preserving the features of traditional buildings: proportions of the housing and of the frames, visible frame structure. The environmental comfort is provided by interior masonry filled frames. The paper presents the thermohygrometric analysis of the walls, the structural verifications of the main elements constituting the frame and the connections between them. Finally, attention is drawn to the aspect of durability indicating the proposed protective measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wang, Pu Qing, Yuan Ming Dou, Yan Tao Li, and Jing Jing Zhang. "Full-Size Seismic Experiment Analysis on the Timber Structure in Rural Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 724 (January 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.724.48.

Full text

Abstract:

Timber structure seismic analysis is an important problem in structure design and safety of building. In this paper, full-size pseudo-static tests of two single-storey and single bay timber frame with and without infilled wall were carried out. Failure process, failure form and deformation capacity were investigated. The test results indicate that the timber frame has better capability of dissipation of seismic energy. The infilled wall can increase the seismic ability of the whole timber frame structure. There is a good collaborative mechanism between the infilled wall and frame under some construction measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhang, Ying Lu, Hao Ran Wang, Shao Jun He, and Bao Shi Yang. "The Study of Structure Supporting System in Log Cabins." Applied Mechanics and Materials 777 (July 2015): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.777.154.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern timber buildings are more and more popular with their characteristics of green, environmental protection, low carbon. According to their structure, they are divided into light wood frame construction, sawn and log timber structures, glued laminated timber structures, log cabins. This paper analyzes the structure supporting structural system of log cabins, from material requirements, structural design to production process, supplemented by practical case to demonstration, to explore the design method of log cabin’s structure supporting system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Qu, Zhe, Andreea Dutu, Jiangrong Zhong, and Jingjiang Sun. "Seismic Damage to Masonry-Infilled Timber Houses in the 2013 M7.0 Lushan, China, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 3 (August 2015): 1859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/012914eqs023t.

Full text

Abstract:

Masonry-infilled timber frames are widely used for residential houses in underdeveloped rural and mountainous areas in southwestern China. As suggested by the identified dynamic properties of three typical timber houses of this type, the structure can be taken as a dual system in which the masonry infills provide the most lateral resistance, while the timber frame withstands the vertical loads. The seismic damage to the houses, either of masonry or of masonry-infilled timber structures, in a small town near the epicenter of the 2013 M7.0 Lushan earthquake in southwestern China was inspected and compared, in order to show that the masonry-infilled timber houses exhibited much better seismic performance than the unreinforced masonry ones during the earthquake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Leyder, Claude, Eleni Chatzi, and Andrea Frangi. "Vibration-based model updating of a timber frame structure." Procedia Engineering 199 (2017): 2132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.141.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

AKIYAMA, Nobuhiko, Shigefumi OKAMOTO, Tomohiro MORIMOTO, and Masahide MURAKAMI. "DEVELOPMENT OF TIMBER SHEAR WALL IN STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 24, no. 57 (June 20, 2018): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.24.613.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Johanides, Marek, Lenka Kubíncová, David Mikolášek, Antonín Lokaj, Oldřich Sucharda, and Petr Mynarčík. "Analysis of Rotational Stiffness of the Timber Frame Connection." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010156.

Full text

Abstract:

Initially, timber was considered only as an easily accessible and processable material in nature; however, its excellent properties have since become better understood. During the discovery of new building materials and thanks to new technological development processes, industrial processing technologies and gradually drastically decreasing forest areas, wood has become an increasingly neglected material. Load-bearing structures are made mostly of reinforced concrete or steel elements. However, ecological changes, the obvious problems associated with environmental pollution and climate change, are drawing increasing attention to the importance of environmental awareness. These factors are attracting increased attention to wood as a building material. The increased demand for timber as a building material offers the possibility of improving its mechanical and physical properties, and so new wood-based composite materials or new joints of timber structures are being developed to ensure a better load capacity and stiffness of the structure. Therefore, this article deals with the improvement of the frame connection of the timber frame column and a diaphragm beam using mechanical fasteners. In common practice, bolts or a combination of bolts and pins are used for this type of connection. The subject of the research and its motivation was to replace these commonly used fasteners with more modern ones to shorten and simplify the assembly time and to improve the load capacity and rigidity of this type of frame connection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Xiong, Hai Bei, Chao Zhang, Jiang Tao Yao, and Yang Zhao. "Environmental Impact Comparison of Different Structure Systems Based on Life Cycle Assessment Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.405.

Full text

Abstract:

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become an international recognized method to estimate the environmental impacts of a building during its life. A building’s environmental impacts can be divided into two parts－impacts in the service stage and impacts in other stages of its life cycle. Other stages comprise material acquisition stage, constructing stage and final disposal stage. In life cycle except service stage, the LCA analysis was made on a timber structure teaching building using Athena software Eco-calculator. Then the teaching building is assumed to be redesigned adopting the structure of RC-frame and steel frame respectively. And the LCA analysis was made on the two assumed buildings too. By comparing the results, the conclusion can be drawn that timber buildings have lower environmental impact indexes compared with that of RC-frame and about the same with that of steel structure. The aboard usage of the timber structure instead of RC-frame structure can result in good environment performance. In service stage, if a sensible thermal insulation scheme is also considered, a great amount of energy will be saved, and the environmental impact of a building can be made minimum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Taylor, R. J. "The Columba hotel: A five-storey structure in timber frame." Construction and Building Materials 6, no. 3 (January 1992): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(92)90010-v.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Szczepański, Marcin, and Wojciech Migda. "Timber frame houses resistant to dynamic loads - seismic analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821901001.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the article is to present results of seismic analysis results of two real-sized timber frame buildings subjected to seismic excitations. The first model was insulated with mineral wool, the second one with polyurethane foam. Technology and specifications involved in both models construction is based on the previously conducted experimental research on timber frame houses, including wall panels tests, wall numerical models and study on material properties and precisely reflect results of the those research. During the seismic analysis reference node located in buildings were selected. In selected node displacement values were measured and compared between two analyzed models. The results of the numerical analysis presented in the article indicate that the application of polyurethane foam for a skeleton filling of the timber-frame building leads to the increase in stiffness as well as damping of the whole structure, which results in a considerable increase in the seismic resistance of the structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zhang, Xi Cheng, Hong Tie Zhao, and Yan Sui. "Structural Behaviors of Chinese Historical Timber-Frame Buildings." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.705.

Full text

Abstract:

As a kind of low-carbon, sustainable and environmental-friendly building material, wood has been widely used in ancient timber-frame buildings in China. Chinese ancient timber-structure buildings can not only provide a comfortable indoor environment, but also has an excellent structural behavior. Based on the study of horizontal and vertical layout of structural system, special constructional measures such as Cejiao and Shengqi, the structural behaviors of Chinese ancient timber-frame buildings were studied. Those conclusions were achieved: structural system layout in both horizontal and vertical comply with the existing anti-seismic conceptual design thoughts. When subjected to earthquake, the seismic actions are reduced by means of base sliding isolation, energy dissipation and shock absorption of mortise-tenon joints and tou-kung sets, which make Chinese ancient timber building a multiple aseismic system. Cejiao and Shengqi are equivalent to passive control in modern buildings, which improve the structural integrity, stability and aseismic capacity greatly. The post-and-lintel roof truss is a good way of saving material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Marincioni, Valentina, Federico Lorenzetti, and Hector Altamirano-Medina. "Parametric study on the hygrothermal performance of timber frame walls with external airtightness membranes in a temperate maritime climate." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202080.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, external airtightness membranes have become an option for timber frame wall systems, as they allow high levels of air- and wind-tightness with an easy installation and provide rainwater protection during construction. This opens up the option of removing the internal air and vapour control layer. However, the hygrothermal risks associated to this option could be higher than in conventional construction, because vapour transfer can occur from the indoor environment into the timber frame wall not just via diffusion but also advection. This can lead to moisture accumulation and mould growth risk within the wall structure. This paper presents a parametric study that aims at identifying the moisture risk when external airtightness membranes are installed on a timber frame wall in a temperate maritime climate. The parametric study considered the two-dimensional heat, air and moisture transfer within a timber frame wall. Parameters having higher influence on moisture risk were identified and should be considered when designing robust wall systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kohara, Katsuhiko, Takeshi Nomura, and Kazuyoshi Koumoto. "A Development of the Visco-Elastic Damper for Timber Structure and a Suggestion of the Technological Design Assistance System." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.714.

Full text

Abstract:

Our research team developed a brace type and an angle brace type of the visco-elastic damper on seismic-response controlled structure for timber structure. We performed various dependence evaluations by the materials examination of the styrene olefin-based visco-elastic body which we developed newly. We made a structural model using the performance that loading tests in timber frame. We inspected the validity of the structural model. In addition, we built a technical support system for damper setting by the time history response analysis so that a general design architect was easy to use the damper. We could express dynamics properties of visco-elastic body properties by Voigt model, and the structural model almost accorded with an examination property value. We made a structural model of the whole frame system by Kb of installation rigidity obtained from loading tests in timber frame. Because a design level almost accorded with experimental value, the validity of the frame design on seismic-response controlled structure in consideration of the dependence (distortion, frequency, temperature) of the visco-elastic body was confirmed. This visco-elastic damper on seismic-response controlled structure acquired minister authorization of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. In addition, this damper acquired the certification of the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Takács, Lajos Gábor. "Fire Protection Aspects of Low-Energy Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.543.

Full text

Abstract:

Structures of low energy buildings and passive houses are different from traditional buildings: thick thermal insulations often made of combustible materials -, lightweight skeleton frame loadbearing structures, timber frame constructions are common. Based on laboratory tests of lightweight building products, building structure design principles and the first fire events in passive houses, this article summarizes the main fire protection problems of passive house structures and gives recommendations for appropriate construction of these houses in fire protection aspects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

SHOJO, Naoya, Yoshiaki OHNO, Yoshinobu FUJITANI, and Yoshimitsu OHASHI. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TWO STORY TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE USING DRIFT PIN JOINTS(Structures)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 11, no. 22 (2005): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.11.185_2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ahmad, Naveed, Qaisar Ali, and Muhammad Umar. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Multistory Timber Braced Frame Traditional Masonry Structures." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.168.

Full text

Abstract:

Research carried out on the seismic investigation of timber braced frame (TBF) masonry structures of traditional construction practice is presented, essential for seismic performance evaluation of such construction type using engineering approaches. An innovative simplified equivalent frame method (EFM) based on macro modelling approach is presented for nonlinear dynamic seismic analysis of TBF masonry structures. The modelling include EFM idealization of wall using stiff elastic beam-column element assigned with moment-rotation (M-θ) nonlinear lumped plasticity hinges. Earlier, the approach i.e. the EFM idealization and M-θ constitutive law, is calibrated with the experimental results obtained through quasi-static cyclic test on full scale walls. The technique is further extended herein for seismic dynamic analysis of multistory structures. Generalization of the technique for modelling walls of various geometry and loading is performed. It included nonlinear static pushover analysis of various case study walls, by means of SAP2000 calibrated earlier with experimental results, for the derivation of lateral force-deformability behavior towards the development of generalized M-θ constitutive law for TBF masonry walls. Three representative structures, from one to three storeys, are analyzed using a suite of ten natural accelerograms and incremental dynamic analysis technique. Structure fragility and resilience functions are derived using a fully probabilistic and dynamic approach. The structures analyzed in the present study represent TBF masonry wall structures, called as Dhajji-Dewari structures, common in Northern areas of Pakistan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Qu, Qin, Xiao Yan Zheng, and Xiang Tao Chen. "Nonlinear Static Analysis of Staggered Truss Steel-Timber Combined Structure." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2082.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper, combined the characteristics of steel structure and timber structure, conceives a new system of residential structures—staggered truss steel-timber combined structure, carries out structural arrangement and optimization design on a six-layer residence, and makes a study on its seismic performance under rare earthquake. The author uses commercial structural analysis softwareto establish a basic model, conducts pushover analysis, draws the load-displacement curve, then getsthe capacity spectrum of the model, next compares with the demand spectrum under 8 degrees (0.3g)rare earthquake, finally gets the performance point of the structure. The results show that the inter-story displacement angles can meet the limit of seismic code. Meanwhile auther analyzes the distribution and the appearance sequence of plastic hinges, plastic hinges mainly occur in the truss webs, the chords and the frame beams in succession, and the number of plastic hinges is more. Bottom columns finally appear plastic hinges. These phenomena meet the design requirement—strong column-weak beam.Finally this paper gets a conclusion that staggered truss steel-timber combined structure shows good seismic capacity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

SHINOHARA, Masatoshi, Hiroshi ISODA, and Hidemaru SHIMIZU. "SHAKING TABLE TEST OF SEMI-RIGID TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE WITH OIL DAMPER." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 729 (2016): 1859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.81.1859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Uchisako, Takayuki, and Michio Tokuda. "Rational Timber Frame Structure Jointed with Glass Fiber Reinforced Nylon Plate I." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 55, no. 4 (2009): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.55.226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Uchisako, Takayuki, and Michio Tokuda. "Rational Timber Frame Structure Jointed with Glass Fiber Reinforced Nylon Plate II." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 55, no. 4 (2009): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.55.235.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Granello, G., C. Leyder, A. Frangi, A. Palermo, and E. Chatzi. "Long-Term Performance Assessment of an Operative Post-Tensioned Timber Frame Structure." Journal of Structural Engineering 145, no. 5 (May 2019): 04019034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002308.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Wei, Da Feng Gao, Peng Nan Cao, and Xin Jian Ding. "Simplified Analysis Research on Ancient Chinese Timber Structure." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1831.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to study the inherent characteristics and aseismic characteristics of ancient Chinese structure, according to the reconstruction engineering data of the embrasured watchtower on Yong-Ning Gateway of Xi'an City Wall, two finite element models (local and whole models of large timber frame of the embrasured watchtower are built by applying semi-rigid spring element to simulate the mortise-tenon joint, the bracket set and the plinth (that is column base) joint in the real timber structure. The first 10 natural frequencies as well as corresponding vibration modes of the structure are obtained using the method of Block-Lanczos. With full transient analysis, considering time history analysis of two models under the three earthquake excitations of the El-Centro wave, Taft wave and the Lan-Zhou artificial wave, the model displacement and acceleration time history curves were got. By comparing the two model’s basic modeling parameters as well as, the relative errors of the frequencies, the vibration modes, the excitation effects and, the feasibility of using the local model instead of the whole model in the structural analysis were to be discussed one by one. the results show that the local model can stand for the whole model for structural analyzing. Based on the results, the analysis methods and the relevant conclusions could be referenced to study the preservation and the rehabilitation of the ancient Chinese timber structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Tasligedik, A. S., S. Pampanin, and A. Palermo. "Damage states and cyclic behaviour of drywalls infilled within RC frames." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 45, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.45.2.84-94.

Full text

Abstract:

Drywalls are the typical infill or partitions used in new structures. They are usually located within structural frames and/or between upper and lower floor slabs in buildings. Due to the materials used in their construction, unlike masonry blocks, they can be considered as light non-structural infill/partition walls. These types of walls are especially popular in New Zealand and the USA. In spite of their popularity, little is known about their in-plane cyclic behaviour when infilled within a structural frame. The cause of this lack of knowledge can be attributed to the typical assumption that they are weak non-structural elements and are not expected to interact with the surrounding structural system significantly. However, recent earthquakes have repeatedly shown that drywalls interact with the structure and suffer severe damage at very low drift levels. In this paper, experimental test results of two typical drywall types (steel and timber framed) are reported in order to gather further information on; i) their reverse cyclic behaviour, ii) inter-storey drift levels at which they suffer different levels of damage, iii) the level of interaction with the surrounding structural frame system. The drywall specimens were tested using quasi-static reverse cyclic testing protocols within a full scale precast RC frame at the Structures Laboratory of the University of Canterbury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Shi, XiWang, Y. Frank Chen, JinYong Chen, QingShan Yang, and TieYing Li. "Experimental Assessment on the Hysteretic Behavior of a Full-Scale Traditional Chinese Timber Structure Using a Synchronous Loading Technique." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5729198.

Full text

Abstract:

In traditional Chinese timber structures, few tie beams were used between columns, and the column base was placed directly on a stone base. In order to study the hysteretic behavior of such structures, a full-scale model was established. The model size was determined according to the requirements of an eighth grade material system specified in the architectural treatise Ying-zao-fa-shi written during the Song Dynasty. In light of the vertical lift and drop of the test model during horizontal reciprocating motions, the horizontal low-cycle reciprocating loading experiments were conducted using a synchronous loading technique. By analyzing the load-displacement hysteresis curves, envelope curves, deformation capacity, energy dissipation, and change in stiffness under different vertical loads, it is found that the timber frame exhibits obvious signs of self-restoring and favorable plastic deformation capacity. As the horizontal displacement increases, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient generally declines first and then increases. At the same time, the stiffness degrades rapidly first and then decreases slowly. Increasing vertical loading will improve the deformation, energy-dissipation capacity, and stiffness of the timber frame.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Yao, Dong Sheng, Hai Ling Xing, and Song Tao Xue. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Wood Frame Structure: (I) the Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.897.

Full text

Abstract:

A full-scale, three-storey, light timber frame of a residential house was tested in-situ to investigate the effect of structural damage, temperature and relative humidity changes on its natural frequency. As expected, test results provide the evidence of the significant influence that temperature and relative humidity changes have on the natural frequency of the test structure. Regression analysis of the test results revealed that the natural frequency change of the structure is generally in a linear relationship with the variation of both relative humidity and temperature. Furthermore, variation of natural frequency induced by relative humidity and temperature may be much stronger than that induced by damage of structural members. It is concluded and recommended that the effect of temperature and relative humidity change should be considered when the natural frequency is used as an indicator for damage identification of timber constructions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

SUGIYAMA, Ryota, Yoshiyuki SUZUKI, Masami GOTOU, and Hiroshi MURAKAMI. "DEVELOPMENT OF BEARING WALL FOR TIMBER FRAME BY USING DRY MUD-PANELS(Structure)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 12, no. 24 (2006): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.12.125.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

NAKAGAWA, Manabu, Hiroshi ISODA, Naohito KAWAI, Mikio KOSHIHARA, and Yasuhiro ARAKI. "SHAKING TABLE TESTS OF HORIZONTAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND TIMBER FRAME." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 79, no. 697 (2014): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.79.401.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Koehl, Mathieu, Anthony Viale, and Sophie Reeb. "A Historical Timber Frame Model for Diagnosis and Documentation before Building Restoration." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2015100103.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the project that is described in this paper was to define a four-level timber frame survey mode of a historical building: the so-called “Andlau's Seigniory”, Alsace, France. This historical building was built in the late XVIth century and was in a stage of renovation in order to become a heritage interpretation centre. The used measurement methods combine Total Station measurements, Photogrammetry and 3D Terrestrial Laser scanner. Different modelling workflows were tested and compared according to the data acquisition method, but also according to the characteristics of the reconstructed model in terms of accuracy and level of detail. 3D geometric modelling of the entire structure was performed including modelling the degree of detail adapted to the needs. The described 3D timber framework exists now in different versions, from a theoretical and geometrical one up to a very detailed one, in which measurements and evaluation of deformation by time are potentially allowed. The virtually generated models involving archaeologists, architects, historians and specialists in historical crafts, are intended to be used during the four stages of the project: (i) knowledge of the current state of needs for diagnosis and understanding of former construction techniques; (ii) preparation and evaluation of restoration steps; (iii) knowledge and documentation concerning the archaeological object; (iv) transmission and dissemination of knowledge through the implementation of museum animations. Among the generated models one can also find a documentation of the site in the form of virtual tours created from panoramic photographs before and during the restoration works. Finally, the timber framework model was structured and integrated into a 3D GIS, where the association of descriptive and complementary digital documents was possible. Both offer tools leading to the diagnosis, the understanding of the structure, knowledge dissemination, documentation and the creation of educational activities. The integration of these measurements in a historical information system will lead to the creation of an interactive model and the creation of a digital visual display unit for consultation. It will be offered to any public to understand interactively the art of constructing a Renaissance structure, with detailed photos, descriptive texts and graphics. The 3D digital model of the framework will be used directly in the interpretation path, within the space dedicated to “Seigniory” of Andlau. An interactive touch-screen will be installed. It will incorporate several levels of playgrounds (playful, evocative and teaching). In a virtual way, it will deal with the different stages of building a wooden framework and clarify the art of construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lozano Martínez–Luengas, Alfonso, Manuel Guaita Fernández, David Lorenzo Fouz, and Josu Benito Ayúcar. "Investigation about the Decay of the Timber Structure of an Ancient Wine Cellar in La Rioja (Spain) and Sanitation Proposal." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.976.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2011 the collapse of one of the timber pillars that form the structure of the centuries-old warehouse of maceration that the firm "Bodegas Bilbaínas, S. A." helds in the town of Haro (La Rioja), occurred.This paper describes the most significant pathological processes existing in this nave, associated mainly to its wooden components.Then, according to the level of decay, the assessment of the damage in the different elements of the timber frame through nondestructive testing is analyzed, including the constructive and environmental conditions of the cellar.Finally, based on the results obtained, it is proposed the repair process and the design measures necessary to preserve the timber structure, taking into account the heritage significance and the extension of the harm of their components.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Balík, Lukáš, and Lucie Kudrnáčová. "Thermally-Technical Comparing of Traditional Double Timber Window and Eurowindow." Advanced Materials Research 1122 (August 2015): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1122.210.

Full text

Abstract:

The windows are situated on the northwest part of facade of historically valuable residential building in Prague. The building was erected in 1935-37 in functionalism style according to project of architect Richard F. Podzemný. The building has got status of cultural heritage and its structure is formed by reinforced concrete load bearing frame with lining bricks. Traditional double timber windows in the building still exist, but are currently in poor technical condition. According to project of reconstruction the exchange of existing windows by new simple eurowindows with sealed unit was designed. In accordance with the requirements of conservationists the same dimension of glazing and frames of windows in exterior were to be conserved. Existing and planned windows were from thermally technical aspects calculated by two dimensional model software system Area 2011.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mytro, L. "Structure of forest fund Transcarpathian region and through its optimization." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 45 (May 20, 2014): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1180.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper explores the forest fund Transcarpathia and its features. The estimation of the current state of forest resources. Emphasized particularly significant role in the region’s forest conservation and environmental safety, the value of forestry and forestry activities to the economy of forested areas. Reasonable steps to improve market mechanisms to regulate timber. Key words: forest fund, users of forest fund, secular frame, species composition, complexity of forestations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Leyder, Claude, Vasilis Dertimanis, Andrea Frangi, Eleni Chatzi, and Geert Lombaert. "Optimal sensor placement methods and metrics – comparison and implementation on a timber frame structure." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 14, no. 7 (February 16, 2018): 997–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2018.1438483.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Rodrigues, Leonardo G., Jorge M. Branco, Luís A. C. Neves, and André R. Barbosa. "Seismic assessment of a heavy-timber frame structure with ring-doweled moment-resisting connections." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 23, 2017): 1341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0247-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Liu, Yingyang, and Haibei Xiong. "Lateral performance of a semi-rigid timber frame structure: theoretical analysis and experimental study." Journal of Wood Science 64, no. 5 (June 1, 2018): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10086-018-1727-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Szczepański, Marcin, and Wojciech Migda. "Analysis of Validation and Simplification of Timber-Frame Structure Design Stage with PU-Foam Insulation." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155990.

Full text

Abstract:

The transition from experimental studies to the realm of numerical simulations is often necessary for further studies, but very difficult at the same time. This is especially the case for extended seismic analysis and earthquake-resistant design. This paper describes an approach to moving from the experimental testing of an elementary part of a wood-frame building structure to a numerical model, with the use of a commercial engineering analysis software. In the presented approach, a timber-frame structure with polyurethane (PU)-foam insulation and OSB (oriented strand board) sheathing was exposed to dynamic excitation. The results were then used to generate a numerical 3D model of the wooden frame element. The process of creating the 3D model is explained with the necessary steps to reach validation. The details of the model, material properties, boundary conditions, and used elements are presented. Furthermore, the authors explain the technical possibilities for simplifying the numerical model in used software. Simplifying the model leads to a substantial reduction of calculation time without the loss of accuracy of results. Such a simplification is especially useful when conducting advanced numerical calculations in the field of seismic and dynamic resistant object design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Liu, Jie Ping, Ning Guo, and Ling Xin Zhang. "Comparison Analysis of Typical Buildings in North-South Seismic Belt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1639.

Full text

Abstract:

In North-south earthquake belt, half of more than Ms 8.0 great earthquakes were centralized since the history records were existed in our country. In order to study the typical buildings in this seismic belt, the seismic damages of the typical buildings occurred during 22 earthquakes in North-south earthquake belt, whose earthquake magnitude were more than Ms 6.0, were organized and analyzed. The seismic damage and its matrix of kinds of buildings belonging to the North-south earthquake belt in different intensities were obtained. The statistic results were obtained by comparison and analysis. According to the results of analysis, the seismic capacity of kinds of typical buildings in this region was provided: reinforced concrete frame structure showed fine seismic capability in all previous earthquake whose seismic damage was the slightest in the real statistics results; secondly were those of masonry and mortised timber frame buildings; the seismic damage of buildings, which was combined with timber frame and soil, stone, brick walls was the most serious.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Trujillo, Vladimir Rodríguez, and Eckart Kühne. "Timber Structure in the Mission Churches of Chiquitos (Bolivia): Origins, Evolution and Restoration." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1131.

Full text

Abstract:

A group of churches of the 18th century in the Lowlands of Bolivia and Paraguay are characterized by a very special timber skeleton frame structure. Most of these churches belong to the famous former Jesuit missions of Guaraní, Chiquitos and Mojos, in densely wooded regions ad the edge of the Spanish colonial empire. The best preserved and most important of these buildings are the six churches of Chiquitos in Eastern Bolivia, declared World Heritage sites by the UNESCO. In these villages and small towns, many traditions of colonial time have survived. The old churches are still the spiritual centers for the Chiquitanos, the Christian Native Americans of the region. The typical plan of these churches is a rectangular interior space with three naves, adobe walls, entrance hall, laterals corridors and a huge and long gable roof. The timber structures of these buildings are very simple, with free standing carved wooden columns that are anchored in the ground, using a pre-Columbian indigenous technique. It is combined with the European ways of constructing roof structures and timber joints and with baroque stylistic influences from Spain and central Europe. Since nearly 40 years, these churches have been the object of a long-lasting restoration project that saved them all, using very different restoration methods and standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zhou, Junwen, Dongsheng Huang, Chun Ni, Yurong Shen, and Longlong Zhao. "Experiment on Behavior of a New Connector Used in Bamboo (Timber) Frame Structure under Cyclic Loading." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9084279.

Full text

Abstract:

Connection is an important part of the bamboo and timber structure, and it directly influences the overall structural performance and safety. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance of several wood connections, a new connector for the bamboo (timber) frame joint was proposed in this paper. Three full-scale T-type joint specimens were designed to study the mechanical performance under cyclic loading. The thickness of the hollow steel column was different among three specimens. The specimens were loaded under displacement control with a rate of 10 mm per minute until the specimens reach failure. It was observed that the failures of three specimens were caused by the buckling of flanges in the compression and that the steel of connections does not yield. The load-displacement hysteretic curve for three specimens is relatively plump, and the stiffness of connection degenerates with the increasing of cyclic load. The maximum rotation is 0.049 rad, and the energy dissipation coefficient is 1.77. The thickness of the hollow steel column of the connector has significant impact on the energy dissipation capacity and the strength of the connection. A simplified moment-rotation hysteresis model for the joint was proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Brzyski, Przemysław, Sylwia Duda, and Andrzej Raczkowski. "Two-dimensional heat transfer analysis of timber structure walls filled with hemp-lime composite." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925205015.

Full text

Abstract:

Hemp-lime composite is a thermal insulating material used as a filling in timber frame construction walls. It is a material based on the wooden part of industrial hemp stalk (hemp shives) and lime binder. In practice, different wall thicknesses, composites with different thermal properties and various configurations of timber structure are used. These factors affect the temperature distribution in the wall. In the thermally weaker areas of walls, there is a greater risk of condensation and mould growth. This issue is important while designing walls based on organic materials. The paper presents the two-dimensional (2D) heat-transfer analysis based on the finite-element method, using THERM software. Several variants of external walls were adopted for the analysis. Thermal parameters of hemp-lime composites used in the analysis were obtained from our own research. The results of the analysis were presented as the values of the thermal transmittance coefficient and linear thermal transmittance equivalent to timber construction. The temperature distribution for an exemplary wall was also shown graphically in the form of isotherms and colour-flooded isotherms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Krzysiak, Zbigniew, Aleksander Nieoczym, Grzegorz Bartnik, Waldemar Samociuk, and Zdzisław Kaliniewicz. "Modeling of a timber transport trailer using the Inventor program." Mechanik 91, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.1.19.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents the results of the modeling of a forest trailer for the transport of logs. Modeling was aimed at creating a base structure and developing trailer modules with a load capacity of 12, 14 and 16 tons. The design of the trailer frame as the load bearing element is described. With Inventor, trailer strength analysis has been performed, including the distribution of cutting forces, bending moments and displacements. On this basis, it was possible to make conclusions about the functionality of the structure and the direction of optimization. In addition, the design process has allowed Inventor to be tested as an advanced design tool combined with endurance analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Komatsu, Kohei, and Akihisa Kitamori. "Static and Dynamic Properties of Portal Frames Composed of Built-Up Sawn Square Timber." Wood Research Journal 3, no. 1 (August 27, 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.36-43.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to propose an alternative structural element to be used for wooden dwelling houses in rich forest area, we paid attentions to a portal frame structure which is composed of not glulam but built-up members whose raw materials are dried sawn timbers taken from plantation grown forest. For establishing design procedure of the structural element, we made two different types of portal frames and conducted, at first, basic dynamic test to estimate natural frequency and dumping factors by fixing small shake excitation machine on the portal frames, then static push-pull cyclic loading tests were conducted until failure. The natural frequency of both portal frames was almost same but the higher order frequencies were likely to be affected by the difference of shear reinforcement of built-up members by hardwood dowels. While on static properties, as both portal frames failed in brittle manner due to bending failure at column or tear off at connection plate made of compression wood, further improvement of connection system was required for obtaining more stable alternative elements to glulam.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

KIKITSU, Hitomitsu, and Naohito KAWAI. "EVALUATION ON WIND RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE OF ROOF FRAME IN TIMBER STRUCTURE BASED ON LOAD TESTS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 74, no. 646 (2009): 2181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.74.2181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Meng, Xian-jie, Tie-ying Li, and Qing-shan Yang. "Lateral Structural Performance of Column Frame Layer and Dou-Gong Layer in a Timber Structure." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0259-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Yang, X., M. Koehl, and P. Grussenmeyer. "PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF AS-BUILT BEAM FRAMED STRUCTURE IN BIM ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-651-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

A complete documentation and conservation of a historic timber roof requires the integration of geometry modelling, attributional and dynamic information management and results of structural analysis. Recently developed as-built Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique has the potential to provide a uniform platform, which provides possibility to integrate the traditional geometry modelling, parametric elements management and structural analysis together. The main objective of the project presented in this paper is to develop a parametric modelling tool for a timber roof structure whose elements are leaning and crossing beam frame. Since Autodesk Revit, as the typical BIM software, provides the platform for parametric modelling and information management, an API plugin, able to automatically create the parametric beam elements and link them together with strict relationship, was developed. The plugin under development is introduced in the paper, which can obtain the parametric beam model via Autodesk Revit API from total station points and terrestrial laser scanning data. The results show the potential of automatizing the parametric modelling by interactive API development in BIM environment. It also integrates the separate data processing and different platforms into the uniform Revit software.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Boudaud, C., J. Baroth, and L. Daudeville. "Influence of joint strength variability in timber-frame structures: propagation of uncertainty through shear wall finite element models under seismic loading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 7 (July 2016): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0552.

Full text

Abstract:

Results of tests performed on joints used in timber-frame construction allow characterizing the variability of their mechanical behavior, which differs substantially from one joint to the next. The parameters of a constitutive model of the joints and their variability are identified. Finite element (FE) models of a shear wall and a timber-frame house are used in nonlinear dynamic calculations to study the propagation of uncertainty through the structure. It demonstrates that for a single-story 6 m × 6 m house, the variations in mechanical strength of each connection do not significantly affect the structural behavior of the house. Both the numerical and experimental results (on a shaking table) are quite similar, proving the model accuracy, its ability to study the propagation of uncertainty and its relevance for future development (non-regular, multi-story buildings…). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis performed on a FE wall model under uncertain seismic loads reveals the importance of earthquake motion modeling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Günay, S. "3D VISUALIZATION OF A TIMBER FRAME HISTORIC BUILDING: PARTITE USAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 18, 2017): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-325-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Throughout their lifetime, historic buildings might be altered for different kind of usage for different purposes. If this new function or new usage requires utilization of the building in separate units, this separation might affect the historic building’s functionality and structure and as a result its overall condition. Yorguc Pasa Mansion conservation project was prepared as a part of the Middle East Technical University (METU) Master’s Program in Documentation and Conservation of Historic Monuments and Sites for the historic Yorguc Pasa Mansion. The mansion is a 19th century Ottoman Period timber frame building in Amasya, a Black Sea Region city in Turkey that has traces from different civilizations such as Hittites, Greeks, Romans and Ottomans. This paper aims to discuss the affects of the partite usage on structural conditions of timber frame buildings with the case study of Amasya Yorguc Pasa Mansion through the 3D visualized structural systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Fu, Feifei, Hanbin Luo, Hua Zhong, and Andrew Hill. "Development of a Carbon Emission Calculations System for Optimizing Building Plan Based on the LCA Framework." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/653849.

Full text

Abstract:

Life cycle thinking has become widely applied in the assessment for building environmental performance. Various tool are developed to support the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This paper focuses on the carbon emission during the building construction stage. A partial LCA framework is established to assess the carbon emission in this phase. Furthermore, five typical LCA tools programs have been compared and analyzed for demonstrating the current application of LCA tools and their limitations in the building construction stage. Based on the analysis of existing tools and sustainability demands in building, a new computer calculation system has been developed to calculate the carbon emission for optimizing the sustainability during the construction stage. The system structure and detail functions are described in this paper. Finally, a case study is analyzed to demonstrate the designed LCA framework and system functions. This case is based on a typical building in UK with different plans of masonry wall and timber frame to make a comparison. The final results disclose that a timber frame wall has less embodied carbon emission than a similar masonry structure. 16% reduction was found in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Li, Ling Xu, Zhong Tao, Liang Bin Qin, Mo Zhu, Rui Tian, and Xu Duan. "The Seismic Reinforcement Measures of through Type Timber Frame Joint Based on the Earthquake Damage Survey." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1380.

Full text

Abstract:

Via the field investigation about farm building built on rural areas after the 2009, Ms=6.0 Yaoan earthquake in Yunnan province, China, the seismic damage of raw-soil structure and wooden structure have been put forward. Additionally, combined with the earthquake damage survey about the 1996 Lijiang and 2007 Ninger earthquake in Yunnan province, the seismic reinforcement schemes are proposed and appropriate costs are analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Timber frame structure'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles