Journal articles: 'Timber market'

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Christian, Rudy R. "Resurrecting the Detroit Central Farmers Market." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 3 (November 8, 2022): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi3.595.

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This article discusses the 162-years history of the only known nineteenth-century timber-frame farmers’ market in existence today. Designed by an architect, this immense building required great skill from the tradespeople who built it from old-growth Michigan white pine timbers. No machinery was used in planing the surfaces or cutting the mortise-and-tenon joinery that holds the structure together. It is without question one of the most highly finished and decorated timber frames known to exist today. Its reconstruction in Greenfield Village at the Henry Ford Museum will guarantee its continuing existence for generations to come.

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Stone, Michael. "The importance of markets in the allocation of differentiated timber." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85355-3.

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The Canadian Wood Fibre Centre's goal is to enhance the value extracted from our forest resources by identifying important timber attributes and encouraging the flow of differentiated timber to its highest valued use. Coordination of resource use is, in fact, the primary objective of any economic system, and one that market systems accomplish with great efficiency through price signals. As such, this paper is an unabashed call for the greater use of transparent market mechanisms as a means of obtaining better use of our forest resources. First, the role of markets and market institutions are reviewed. Then the application of market mechanisms to differentiated timber through the use of log-grading and pricing systems is advocated, and the use and advantages obtained from log markets of several jurisdictions are presented. Finally, potential obstacles to market development and ways to overcome these obstacles are discussed. Key words: log markets, timber allocation, timber pricing, economic institutions

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Шибаев, M. Shibaev, Грешонков, A. Greshonkov, Бычков, Vladimir Bychkov, Проскурина, and I. Proskurina. "PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION OF MARKETING RESEARCH TIMBER MARKETS AND THEIR TRANSPORT SERVICE." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18615.

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The article outlines the characteristic of the timber industry as a typical business market, reveals the problems of marketing research of the market and its transport services, and the receipt by each company of the necessary market information or resources identified ways of improving the competitiveness of timber production in the region and transport services timber markets.

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Sydor, Tymur, and Brooks C. Mendell. "Transaction evidence analysis: stumpage prices and risk in central Georgia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 2 (February 2008): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-126.

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This paper uses hedonic regression techniques to analyze timber bid transactions in central Georgia. Softwood stumpage prices from pay-as-cut transactions are regressed against timber sale and stand characteristics. We identify observable factors that are statistically associated with the volatility of pine sawtimber stumpage prices in the market. The remaining price volatility, defined as market risk, characterizes undiversifiable price volatility in the market. Isolating market risk in this way has implications for relative price risk across predefined timber markets. Applications of this these techniques suggest that analyzing market price variability with total measures alone, such as standard deviation, may provide false senses of timber price risk.

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Zhao, Rong, Gang Diao, and Shaozhi Chen. "Study on the Price Fluctuation and Dynamic Relationship between Log and Sawn Timber." Forest Products Journal 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-17-00048.

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Abstract The rapid economic and social growth of China has significantly increased its timber demand, resulting in a heavy reliance on foreign timber supply. Thus, price fluctuation in the international market poses a great risk to domestic timber production and processing enterprises. This study analyzed the dynamic conduction relationship between domestic and international logs and sawn timber markets and how to reduce risks by adjusting the structure of imported products' portfolios. In this article, the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model is applied to analyze the relationship between domestic and import prices of logs and sawn timber. The study found that among four markets, except one where the short-term spillover effect between domestic logs and sawn timber is large with statistical significance, spillover effects are small. In the long run, there are significant spillover effects between the four markets. Thus, changes in the international log market are very easy to transfer to the domestic log market through trade and then to the downstream domestic and international sawn timber markets. Therefore, in order to ensure timber security in China, this study uses the theory of portfolios to calculate product proportion with minimum risks. The proportion of portfolios indicates that, even though Chinese companies prefer logs, they have to import a great amount of sawn timber due to restrictions on log exports from sourcing countries, which increases the risk of timber supply.

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Kant, Shashi. "Market, timber pricing, and forest management." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86580-5.

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Some resource economists and policy-makers believe that market mechanisms in general and timber pricing through auctions specifically are the only solutions for forest management in Canada. In this paper, simple economic concepts of market, economic efficiency, and social optimality are discussed, and the specific features of forest resources and sustainable forest management and their implications for optimal resource allocation through the market are highlighted. Economic theory behind competitive timber pricing in two geographical regions is presented to demonstrate that in a competitive setting, the prices of timber need not be the same in the two regions. Timber pricing mechanisms used by different countries are summarized, and auctions, their limitations, and some important outcomes of timber auctions by the United States Forest Service are discussed. Market performances of residual value and auction-based timber pricing are compared. On the basis of these discussions, it is inferred that sustainable forest management cannot be achieved either by the market or by government-controlled mechanisms only. An optimal-mix of the market and government-controlled mechanisms is the only answer to achieve sustainable forest management. Key words: auction, Canada, economic efficiency, market, residual value, social optimality, sustainable forest management, timber pricing

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De Steiguer, J. E., L. W. Hayden, D. L. Holley, W. G. Luppold, W. G. Martin, D. H. Newman, and R. M. Sheffield. "Southern Appalachian Hardwood Timber Market Trends." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/13.1.29.

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Abstract Since 1980, the hardwood timber harvests in Southern Appalachia, and particularly in western North Carolina, have risen to a 20-year high. Increased harvests accompanied, in some cases, by rising real stumpage prices for private timber, could be interpreted as indications of economicscarcity. Large timber inventories, however, indicate that physical supply is not a major problem. Tract subdivision and changes from farm to nonfarm ownerships may be creating supply problems. While real prices for private stumpage have risen in North Carolina, prices for National Foresttimber have fallen rather drastically. Possible causes for this apparent inconsistency include accelerated National Forest harvesting and weak demand for federal timber due to "nuisance factors" associated with purchase of federal timber. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1):29-33.

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Wagner, John E., Frederick W. Cubbage, and Thomas P. Holmes. "Estimated Economic Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Southern Softwood Stumpage Markets." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.4.156.

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Abstract We estimated the economic effects on southern softwood timber producers and buyers of reduced western federal timber harvests and of reduced southern private harvests caused by federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Estimates were computed using applied welfare analysis and current stumpage market conditions. A range of likely changes in southern softwood stumpage markets were analyzed. The combined effects of the environmental regulations and western set-asides are expected to result in higher stumpage prices with little significant change in available quantity supplied. The results indicated that in the short run, timber producers in aggregate (although not necessarily individually) are expected to be the initial overall beneficiaries. Timber producers would realize a net gain (in producer surplus) of about 4.8% in the pulpwood stumpage market and 2.0% in the solidwood stumpage market, while stumpage buyers would realize a net loss (in consumer surplus) of about 4.9% in each market. The estimates provide means of valuing some of the tradeoffs that must be made between protecting the environment and growing timber. South. J. Appl. For. 18(4):156-162.

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Michie, Bruce R., and Thomas Kametz. "The Reporting of Timber Market Prices." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.3.160.

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Abstract Timber market price reports make useful information available to private landowners. Insights regarding what information to include are discussed as well as what sources should provide that information. Basic definitions, explanations of how to interpret price data, and a description of local timber markets, would be helpful to landowners. Sawmills appear to be the most reliable source of Pennsylvania stumpage price data. North. J. Appl. For. 4:160-161, Sept. 1987.

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De Araujo, Victor, Jozef Švajlenka, Juliano Vasconcelos, Herisson Santos, Sheyla Serra, Fernando Almeida Filho, José Paliari, Francisco Rocco Lahr, and André Christoforo. "Is the Timber Construction Sector Prepared for E-Commerce via Instagram®? A Perspective from Brazil." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148683.

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Timber construction is a contemporary solution where sales are performed through in-store trade. Timber house e-commerce may stimulate global markets, and in times of intense remote routines, it is useful to improve the performance of the wood and construction sectors. Timber housing producers and dealers are the research object under analysis to study the electronic market of this Brazilian sector on Instagram®. With just over four hundred companies, nearly 80% of this sector already utilizes this virtual social network. We validated the outcomes through a significant sampling of all 315 companies with corporate profiles to identify their competences, goals, and failures. The profiles prioritize the elucidation of products and basic features, not yet being ready for the virtual sales of timber houses. The study makes it clear that our results typify a sector marked by a developing electronic market. Inserting a description of product prices and detailed specifications may change this status. From failures and competences, a classification for social profiles was proposed to measure the progress and virtual participation of each individual.

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O'Hara, Timothy J., and A. Scott Reed. "Timber Market Development from Private Forests in Northwestern Minnesota." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.4.153.

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Abstract Expanding timber industries in Minnesota are increasing the demand for timber. Questions about the suitability of public lands to increase timber output imply a more significant role for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. Surveys of both NIPF landowners and industry in a five-county region assessed NIPF owner marketing behavior and opportunities to increase timber utilization from these lands. Results showed that former experiences of owners are suggestive of future behavior. Landowners who had used forestry advice in the past displayed a greater willingness to harvest timber than nonusers of forestry advice. Absentee owners in the study area represented a reserve of comparatively underutilized timber and expressed a need for marketing process guidance including timber pricing information. Industry respodents forecast increased reliance on NIPF timber and were dedicated to greater contributions of time and financial support of programs to stimulate timber harvesting and management on NIPF lands. North. J. Appl. For. 8(4):153-155.

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Meuter, Michael. "Erwartungen der Holzwirtschaft an das neue Holz-Förderprogramm des Bundes – Partnerschaftliche Arbeit in fünf Richtungen | The Timber Industry's Expectations of the Confederation's New Timber Promotion Programme – Five Areas for Potential Partnership." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0094.

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The Swiss forest- and timber industry has detailed five key development areas for the coming years. These are to increase raw material production from the current annual level of 4.5 million cubic metres of timber to 6 million; to increase net product throughout the whole timber chain; to open up new markets for timber and timber products; to increase entrepreneurial competitiveness; and to make communication channels more professional, by ensuring that the end consumer market is given consistent information. The clear outlines of the Confederation's follow-on programme for timber promotion coincide to a large extent with these goals. This marks a good starting point for real co-operation between the Confederation and the Swiss timber industry.

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Sun, Changyou. "Timber Market Recovery after a Hurricane." Forest Science 62, no. 6 (December 17, 2016): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.15-123.

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14

Hood, Harrison B., and Jeffrey H. Dorfman. "Examining Dynamically Changing Timber Market Linkages." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 97, no. 5 (February 4, 2015): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau151.

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15

Nepal, Prakash, Peter J. Ince, Kenneth E. Skog, and Sun J. Chang. "Projected US timber and primary forest product market impacts of climate change mitigation through timber set-asides." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 3 (March 2013): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0331.

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Whereas climate change mitigation involving payments to forest landowners for accumulating carbon on their land may increase carbon stored in forests, it will also affect timber supply and prices. This study estimated the effect on US timber and primary forest product markets of hypothetical timber set-aside scenarios where US forest landowners would be paid to forego timber harvests for 100 years to increase carbon storage on US timberland. The scenarios featured payments to landowners of $0 (business-as-usual (BAU)), $10, and $15 per each additional metric ton (t) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) sequestered on the set-aside timberlands, with maximum annual expenditures of $3 billion. For the set-aside scenarios, reduction in timberland available for harvest resulted in increased timber prices and changes in US domestic production, consumption, net export, and timber market welfare. Economic analyses indicated that the scenario with more area set aside and the largest carbon mitigation benefit (lower carbon price, $10/t CO2e) would result in the largest decrease in market welfare, suggesting that climate change mitigation policies and programs would need to consider such impacts when evaluating the costs and benefits of climate change mitigation strategies in the forest sector.

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Kunitskaya, O. "Improving environmental protection timber production through efficient processing of low market timber." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10130.

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Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Álvaro. "Carbon versus Timber Economy in Mediterranean Forests." Atmosphere 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060746.

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Forests produce goods and services, but the forest economy is based on goods, with market price, more than on services. Under Mediterranean climate conditions forests have low timber production, being frequently financially loss-making, despite the environmental services provided, such as carbon sequestration. Timber production and carbon sequestration are compatible, and a proper valuation of both can allow for a more balanced management. The aim of this paper is to assess financially a scenario based on maximizing carbon sequestration versus another based on maximizing timber harvesting in a Mediterranean forest. To do that, timber stock, growth and harvesting, and carbon sequestration have been calculated. Applying market prices for timber and CO2 both scenarios have been assessed, carrying out a sensitivity analysis. Maximising carbon sequestration was more profitable in the vast majority of combinations; timber harvesting was only more profitable if CO2 prices fell below 30% and timber price increases more than 20%; timber price rise is possible, but a collapse in CO2 price is not probable. The real barrier is that while timber is as a commodity with market price, carbon sequestration is not. The challenge for the future is to pay for carbon sequestration, mobilising resources from polluting sectors to forests.

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Jaunky, Vishal, and Robert Lundmark. "Dynamics of Timber Market Integration in Sweden." Forests 6, no. 12 (December 17, 2015): 4617–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f6124391.

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Bateman, Ian, and Chris Mellor. "The UK timber market: An econometric model." Oxford Agrarian Studies 18, no. 1 (January 1990): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600819008424024.

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Hoen, Hans Fredrik, and Birger Solberg. "CO2‐taxing, timber rotations, and market implications." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 27, sup001 (November 1997): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389709388516.

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Abdulwahid, Mohanad Yaseen, Isaac Galobardes, and Hassan Radoine. "Understanding the Use of Timber in Semi-Arid Regions: Kurdistan Region of Iraq, a Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111845.

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The use of timber in the building industry has expanded in many countries over the last 20 years due mainly to its light weight, low adverse impact to the environment, and fair mechanical properties. Despite the development of the construction industry in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI) in recent years, timber product utilization is still very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of further utilizing timber-based products in the building industry in semi-arid regions using the KRI as a case study. A review of timber product utilization in the region was conducted first and the general properties of timber products were followed. Based on this, a survey focusing on the current situation and suitability of localized grown timber products was carried out to study the feasibility. This article concludes that the use of timber-based products in the KRI presents different barriers, with the availability in the market and technicality of construction with the material being the strongest ones. The article recommends that it is imperative to further research how to promote timber’s utilization in the KRI to be in line with sustainable development.

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Prestemon, Jeffrey P. "Evaluation of U.S. southern pine stumpage market informational efficiency." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-198.

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The literature on informational efficiency of southern timber markets conflicts. Part of this conflict is because of differences in how efficiency was tested. In this paper, price behavior tests are based on deflated ("real") southern pine (Pinus spp.) sawtimber stumpage prices, using some of the same data and tests used in previous research and some new data and tests. Here, different results are found in many cases regarding price behavior, as compared with the existing literature. Using a valid and consistent data-based model selection procedure, augmented DickeyFuller tests cannot reject a null of a unit root for most deflated monthly and all quarterly southern pine timber price series evaluated. Regressions of long-term deflated timber price ratios on their own lags lead to results similar to those offered by other authors when not corrected for bias but produce fewer similarities when bias is addressed. The results of those regressions support a contention that most of the monthly series contain nonstationary as well as stationary components and that quarterly prices tested in this framework using data through 2001 are closer to pure nonstationary processes. These results have implications for harvest timing approaches that depend on serial dependence of timber prices, provide support for certain kinds of policy and catastrophic shocks modeling procedures, and address the validity of statistical approaches best suited to evaluating interconnections among timber markets.

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Xue, Liang, Xin Huang, Yuchun Wu, Xingchen Yan, and Yan Zheng. "Grade Setting of a Timber Logistics Center Based on a Complex Network: A Case Study of 47 Timber Trading Markets in China." Information 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020107.

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The location and grade setting of a timber logistics center is an important link in the optimization of the timber logistics system, the rationality of which can effectively improve the efficiency of the timber logistics supply chain. There is a long distance between the main forested areas in China, and more than 55% of the timber demand depends on imports. Research and practice of systematically planning timber logistics centers in the whole country have not been well carried out, which reduces the efficiency of timber logistics. In this paper, 47 timber trading markets with a certain scale in China are selected as the basis for logistics center selection. Based on their transportation network relationship and the number of enterprises in the market, combined with the complex network theory and data analysis method, the network characteristics of three different transportation networks are measured. After determining the transportation capacity indicator, the logistics capacity coefficient is measured based on the freight volume of each node. Then, the important nodes are identified, and each node is graded to systematically set up the timber logistics center.

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Hassler, Curt, Joseph F. McNeel, Levente Denes, Jonathan Norris, and Balasz Bencsik. "Challenges Facing the Development and Market Introduction of Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timbers." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-22-00048.

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Abstract The interest in softwood-based cross-laminated timber (CLT) production has in turn generated a great deal of interest in producing CLT from hardwood species. This prospect of a new market for hardwood lumber is a significant driver behind efforts to gain certification of hardwoods within American Panel Association (APA) PRG 320, Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber. However, a number of challenges present significant hurdles for gaining acceptance of hardwoods in CLT manufacturing. These include differences in how softwoods and hardwoods are produced and marketed (e.g., structural lumber markets [softwoods] vs. appearance-grade markets [hardwoods]), lumber grading differences, available sizes of hardwood lumber, drying differences between hardwoods and softwoods, and gluing particularities with hardwoods. This paper identifies the various issues involved with introducing hardwoods into a softwood-dominated market and what it will take to be competitive within the overall CLT market.

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Mcconnell, T. Eric, Curtis L. Vanderschaaf, Jason J. Holderieath, and Michael K. Crosby. "Adequacy of Timber Trespass Civil Awards: A Louisiana Case Study." Journal of Forestry 117, no. 6 (October 7, 2019): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz052.

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Abstract Timber trespass in Louisiana is a civil offense punishable by restitution of three times the timber’s current market value, yet whether this compensation level alone is adequate at present is unclear. We modeled a loblolly pine plantation across a range of site qualities in Louisiana. First, we estimated financial returns from a traditional sawtimber rotation using historical state timber prices that included three harvests: two thinnings and a final cut; harvest times differed by site quality. We then assumed all timber was taken at the first thinning. Net present value (NPV) determined appropriateness of compensation at 1×, 2×, and 3× stumpage revenues and was compared to the traditional rotation’s NPV. The NPVs were calculated with and without additional settlement for reforestation costs. We concluded that reforestation costs in addition to 3× stumpage value reimbursement were required to negate the effect of timber prices and better the traditional rotation’s NPV.

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Chen, Hong, Zhongsheng He, Wei Hong, and Jinfu Liu. "An Assessment of Stumpage Price and the Price Index of Chinese Fir Timber Forests in Southern China Using a Hedonic Price Model." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040436.

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Research Highlights: Stumpage price is the most important factor affecting the value of forests. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting stumpage prices and trends is critical for effective forest management. Background and Objectives: Chinese fir is the most important fast-growing timber species in China, it is also the tree species with the largest trading volume in the stumpage markets of Southern China. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants and trends of stumpage prices for Chinese fir timber forests. Materials and Methods: Data on 928 sales of Chinese fir timber forests transacted between 2007 and 2016 were gathered from the stumpage markets in Southern China. We analyzed the relationship between stumpage prices and sales characteristics using the hedonic price method (HPM) and measured the stumpage price index with a dummy time hedonic index. Results: (1) The double logarithmic form of the HPM yielded a more accurate estimate than the semi logarithmic form. The R2ad values in the nine annual prediction models were all above 80%. Stock volume made the greatest contribution to stumpage price, followed by stand age. Stand area had no significant impact on the stumpage price. (2) Stumpage prices of Chinese fir timber forests fluctuated greatly, especially in 2010 and 2015 when the sequential price indexes were 180.01% and 74.95%, respectively. Taking 2007 as the baseline, we calculated the base price index in 2016 to be 197%, with an average annual growth rate of 7.82%. (3) The stumpage market was associated with a higher degree of risk than the timber market. Conclusions: Our findings provide valuable inputs that can guide and facilitate the Chinese government’s efforts to optimize resource allocation and standardize the stumpage market.

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Millaniyage, Kuluni, Nathan Kotlarewski, Louise Wallis, Assaad Taoum, and Gregory Nolan. "Janka Hardness Evaluation of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens for Engineered Flooring Applications." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111862.

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Hardness is commonly used to determine the suitability of a timber species for flooring applications. In this study, Janka hardness test is conducted on sawlog managed Eucalyptus nitens and regrowth forest Eucalyptus obliqua sourced from Tasmania, Australia. Plantation E. nitens timber is currently entering the Australian market and the feasibility of using this fast grown species in value added applications such as timber flooring is advantageous. Further to testing Janka hardness on solid timber samples, a regime of engineered timber flooring prototypes consisting of plantation E. nitens top layers, veneers and solid densified E. nitens boards were developed and subjected to Janka hardness test. The results were compared against solid E. obliqua flooring and a commercially available engineered flooring product with Tasmanian Oak top layer. The results showed that Janka hardness of plantation grown E. nitens, and E. obliqua currently available in the market are lower than the values published in the literature. This indicates that the material properties of fast grown plantation timber and regrowth forest material are different to the native forest timber properties published decades earlier. Furthermore, some of the tested engineered flooring prototypes showed similar behaviour to timber flooring products currently in market, suggesting that E. nitens engineered flooring would be suitable for domestic/light commercial flooring applications despite the general conception of unsuitability due to lower densities.

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Sretenovic, Predrag, and Branko Glavonjic. "Market of innovative timber products in Europe and Serbia and their contribution to climate change mitigation." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 110 (2014): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1410159s.

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The paper shows results of researching the market of glued laminated timber as the most frequent innovative timber product in constructing timber framed residential facilities in Europe and Serbia. The research included the development of production, consumption and trade flows for the most significant countries in the European Union and Serbia. Additionally, the paper gives characteristics of this innovative timber product regarding dimensions, allowed deviations of dimensions defined in adequate European standard, wood species it is made of and fire resistance. The last part of the paper shows results of econometric modeling of the impact of building timber-framed houses on the consumption of glued laminated timber in Austria as one of the countries belonging to the group of the largest consumers of this innovative timber product in Europe. Taking into consideration that the substitution of classic building materials, primarily concrete, steel and aluminum, with glued laminated timber in residential construction contributes to the reduction of carbon-dioxide emission and climate change mitigation, research results of the effects of such substitution are presented in the last chapter in this paper.

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Brandt, Kristin, Greg Latta, Dane Camenzind, Dan Dolan, Don Bender, Alex Wilson, and Michael Wolcott. "Projected cross-laminated timber demand and lumber supply analysis." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 862–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.862-881.

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The use of cross-laminated lumber (CLT) for building construction has gained interest in the United States (US) and Canada. Although anecdotal market size claims exist, few quantitative studies have estimated the potential market size or discussed the impact of CLT on lumber supply. This paper presents a method to quantify CLT markets and lumber supplies based on data for the Northwest US. The western US was chosen for its early adoption of CLT combined with a long history of commercial timber construction. Structural designs of archetype buildings were combined with projected multifamily residential and commercial building construction to estimate the demand for CLT. These figures were reduced to account for assumptions that address market penetration and population density. In the case study for the Northwest, the total potential market is less than the existing CLT production in western North America. Thus, the demand region was expanded to include the US and Canada west of the Rocky Mountains, resulting in an estimated demand of 800,000 m3/yr by 2030. A regional lumber supply study suggests that the lumber supply will support the existing CLT industry, which utilizes approximately 2% of the selected lumber classifications, with an unknown impact on lumber cost and production.

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Sohngen, Brent, and Roger Sedjo. "Impacts of climate change on forest product markets: Implications for North American producers." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81669-5.

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This paper examines potential climate change impacts in North American timber markets. The results indicate that climate change could increase productivity in forests in North America, increase productivity in forests globally, and reduce timber prices. North American consumers generally will gain from the potential changes, but producers could lose welfare. If dieback resulting from additional forest fires, increased pest infestation, or storm damage increases appreciably and has market effects, consumers will gain less and producers will lose more than if climate change simply increases the annual flow of timber products by raising forest productivity. Annual producers' surplus losses from climate change in the North American timber sector are estimated to range from $1.4 – $2.1 billion per year on average over the next century, with the higher number resulting from potential large-scale dieback. Within North America, existing studies suggest that producers in northern regions are less susceptible to climate change impacts than producers in southern regions because many climate and ecological models suggest that climates become dryer in the U.S. South. Key words: climate change, impact analysis, timber markets, forest ecosystems

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Lüthi, Thomas, Michael Gautschi, and Thomas Lädrach. "Wie können der Wald und die Holzindustrie vermehrt am «Holzbauboom» teilhaben? (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0176.

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How can forestry and the timber industry participate more in the timber construction boom? (Essay) While timber construction continues to gain market share, forestry and the timber industry have only been able to benefit to a limited extent from their good starting position. Harvest of sawlogs is stagnating and the number of sawmills has been decreasing for years. This is mainly due to the lack of competitiveness of Swiss forestry and timber industry compared to their European competitors who have lower production costs. On the other hand, the timber industry has been able to make significant gains in the production of semi-finished products, especially glued laminated wood. In order to maintain or even increase the quantities processed in the future, various factors are necessary, such as good availability of raw materials, strong market structures, the ability to make profitable use of wood by-products, a favourable Swiss franc/euro exchange rate and rising demand for Swiss wood. The timber industry is adjusting its structures to deal with an increased supply of large size logs and, as a result of climate change, a broader range of tree species. Sufficient availability of softwood remains important. Financial resources for adapting forests to climate change should be used to promote climate-stable AND economically viable tree species. The timber industry is sceptical about the current efforts of forestry to have standing timber counted as a “forest sink” and to market this function. Instead, it proposes a joint national climate project, based on wood consumption, that focuses on the storage and substitution effects of domestic wood.

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Zastocki, Dariusz, Jarosław Oktaba, and Hubert Lachowicz. "Changes in the Market of Precious Wood: A Case Study of Submission System in Poland." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040421.

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A timber market occupies a very particular position within the economic reality. Trading of commodities such as precious timber is, indeed, strongly conditioned by the carrying capacity and the silvicultural potential of the forest ecosystem. Timber markets in Poland are characterized by a controlling position of the State Forests, and one of the possible forms of wood sale is the system of submission. A submission usually implies that small quantities of wood with unusual features are being offered to a specific group of customers. The paper presents the sale results and prices of veneer wood commercialized in submission systems and in other forms of timber sale in the territory of Krosno during the years 2000−2019. It is one of the oldest submission markets in Poland, where the most expensive log ever in Poland was sold (13,000 USD/log—close to 7000 USD/m3). The Regional Directorate of State Forest (RDSF) of Krosno is located in the south-eastern part of Poland and manages a forest area of approximately 400,000 hectares. Annual timber harvesting amounts to 2 million m3, of which less than 2000 m3 annually is allocated to the submissions. The data cover a 20-year continuous time series and allow tracing changes in the wood volume offered to the market, the species population structure, and price trends for individual species. The data are being discussed against the background of the economic situation and in relation to the average prices obtained from other methods of sale. Beech was the most sold, but the demands for oak and sycamore appeared to be particularly high during the period of observation. The unity prices can be very variable even for wood from the same species, especially for sycamore. The prices are generally demand-driven and show strong influences from furniture industries and fashion. A rising demand for high quality timber and logs of big dimensions has been noticed. The submission system results in substantial economic benefits for the forest management and the region as a whole.

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Wang, Ping, and Dong Wang. "Not just Poetic - Timber Structure’s New Development in China." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.204.

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Timber structure has been thousands of years in China. But nowadays, the application of timber structure is almost blank. By analyzing present situation and problem in developing of timber structure in China by consulting bibliography and field research, we think the market potential of developing of timber structure in our country is very good. Analyzing advantages of timber structure and the condition of our country, We should do more research and solve the problem for the redevelopment of timber structure in China.

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Setiahadi, Rahmanta, Denies Priantinah S, and Djoko Setyo Martono. "Pembuatan Barcode Produk Industri Meubel dan Furniture untuk Mendukung Ekspor Produk Ber-Sertifikat Legalitas Kayu." JURNAL DAYA-MAS 6, no. 2 (December 4, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v6i2.72.

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Timber Legality Certificate is to meet the requirements of the legality of timber for the forest industry. Application of timber legality verification system allows Indonesia opened wider timber market, especially European market, through the signing of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) in September 2013. The forestry industry, timber legality certificate must fulfill in order to be able to do eskport product. Must to get the V-legal documents in any export activity forestry product timber legality certified consequences must be applied to production management system and marketing system. The research objective is to create a system of production information via barcode for small industries that already have a certificate of Timber Legality. The results showed that the ability to prepare the production and marketing of information systems to support the administration of V-legal documents in the export activities for small industries, a serious problem in meeting the document export goods. Therefore, barcode software development program to help solving the problems facing SMEs in the furniture industry and furniture administrating V-legal documents.

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Ngu, A., and N. H. A. Bahar. "The potential of timber-agroforestry to meet Sarawak’s forestry demand." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012019.

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Abstract Many forest communities in Sarawak, and globally, practise some form of smallholder management system including agroforestry. Yet, agroforestry practitioners predominantly focus on non-timber crops as the major source of income while the timber output remains underutilized and understudied. Smallholder timber agroforestry systems, therefore, have huge potential to equitably meet the increasing demand for both timber and food while reducing the pressure on natural forests. We investigate the readiness of agroforestry smallholders in Sarawak to supply timber commercially, and the opportunities and challenges they face. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Sarawak forestry stakeholders including agroforestry farmers, timber industry actors, civil society organizations, academia, and government agencies. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data. Our results demonstrate that smallholders in Sarawak lack technical silvicultural and horticultural knowledge and formal timber market access, despite majority smallholders expressing interest in timber production. The underutilization of smallholder timber is linked with conservation and protection objectives. Legal constraints, limited capacity building and lack of market information were cited as major barriers for smallholders. Key recommendations to lower barriers for smallholder participation include provision of resources and an enabling legal framework that harmonizes agriculture and forestry demands while being inclusive of smallholders’ perspectives and realities.

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McConnell, T. Eric, Bruno Kanieski da Silva, Changyou Sun, and Shaun M. Tanger. "Forest to Mill Timber Price Trends and Volatility for Mississippi Timber Products." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-21-00010.

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Abstract We examined timber price trends along the Mississippi roundwood supply chain. Quarterly statewide data from Timber Mart-South for pine sawtimber, pine pulpwood, mixed hardwood sawtimber, and pulpwood were obtained covering 1992 to 2018. Prices for stumpage, delivered logs, and timber conversion—measured as the difference between delivered wood and stumpage—were analyzed across products for the 27-year series, as well as three equally spaced 9-year periods (Period 1, 1992 to 2000; Period 2, 2001 to 2009; Period 3, 2010 to 2018). Flat delivered wood prices, increased rates for timber conversion, and declining pine sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage prices were revealed over the long term. Hardwood product prices, however, increased across their supply chains. Prices have generally become less volatile, particularly from Period 2 to Period 3, indicating an increasing degree of price homogeneity within each product's market. The exception to this was pine sawtimber, suggesting resource, locational, and/or market differences may have emerged for this product. The hardwood price trends supported, as appropriate, considering silvicultural options to allow this resource's continued growth. Declining price expectations for pine products call into question any strictly financial rationale for extending rotation length.

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Sun, Xiufang, Liqun Wang, and Zhenbin Gu. "A Brief Overview of China's Timber Market System." International Forestry Review 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2004): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.6.3.221.59973.

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Gejdoš, Miloš, and Zuzana Danihelová. "Valuation and Timber Market in the Slovak Republic." Procedia Economics and Finance 34 (2015): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01688-3.

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Akers, Kurt, and Renato Staub. "Regional Investment Allocations in a Global Timber Market." Journal of Alternative Investments 5, no. 4 (March 31, 2003): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2003.319074.

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40

Titova, E., and A. Shevchenko. "BASIC DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST PRODUCTS." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-357-362.

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Currently, in accordance with the processes of globalization and global economic and environmental trends, the Russian government is focusing economic entities on the innovative development of the Russian economy. For the timber industry of the Russian Federation, which ranks first in the world in terms of timber reserves, a transition to innovative development is inevitable. This transition is due to the resource potential of the industry, global environmental trends of the "green economy", the prevailing market relations between the economic entities of the industry, the presence of a bank of scientific and technical and experimental development in the field of timber industry. The analysis of Russia's share in the global forestry market is carried out: the Russian Federation is the world leader in timber reserves, it has 1/5 of the world's forest reserves and, therefore, takes first place; Brazil ranks second in timber reserves, Canada is third and the United States is fourth. The structure of Russia's exports by product groups is examined: the country's most profitable budget item is the export of fuel and energy products, accounting for 64% of the total export structure, and only 3% of the export structure is the export of timber and paper products. Given the development trends of world oil markets and the geopolitical tensions of countries, it can be assumed that in the next 5 years, the total revenue of the Russian Federation from the export of fuel and energy products will significantly decrease and will cease to be the most profitable budget item in the country. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is a world leader in timber reserves, we believe that the innovative development of the timber industry should be one of the leading areas in the industry development strategy of the Russian Federation, and accordingly in the export strategy of the Russian Federation. The main directions of the innovative development of the timber industry of the Russian Federation in the following sectors are identified: forestry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, chemical production, logging, wooden housing construction.

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Yoo, Sora, Yong-sung Cho, and Hojeong Park. "An Optimal Management Strategy of Carbon Forestry with a Stochastic Price." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093290.

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An analysis for the value of carbon forestry needs to be provided for the successful establishment of the carbon offset market in Korea. We present an optimal management strategy for a forest owner who participates in the offset market. Given a stochastic process of the timber price following a geometric Brownian motion, the profit maximization problem of the forest owner is solved. The model finds an optimal harvest time in the presence of the carbon and timber revenues with opposing time effects. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the volatility rate of the timber price and the discount rate. The presented model is applied to the study of the Korean larch case to identify the threshold timber price above which it is optimal to harvest trees.

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Nepal, Prakash, Craig M. T. Johnston, and Indroneil Ganguly. "Effects on Global Forests and Wood Product Markets of Increased Demand for Mass Timber." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413943.

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This study evaluated the effects on forest resources and forest product markets of three contrasting mass timber demand scenarios (Conservative, Optimistic, and Extreme), up to 2060, in twelve selected countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Analyses were carried out by utilizing the FOrest Resource Outlook Model, a partial market equilibrium model of the global forest sector. The findings suggest increases in global softwood lumber production of 8, 23, and 53 million m3 per year by 2060, under the Conservative, Optimistic, and Extreme scenarios, respectively, leading to world price increases of 2%, 7%, and 23%, respectively. This projected price increase is relative to the projected price in the reference scenario, altering prices, production, consumption, trade of forest products, timber harvest, forest growth, and forest stock in individual countries. An increase in softwood lumber prices due to increased mass timber demand would lead to the reduced consumption of softwood lumber for traditional end-use (e.g., light-frame construction), suggesting a likely strong market competition for softwood lumber between the mass timber and traditional construction industries. In contrast, the projected effect on global forest stock was relatively small based on the relatively fast projected biomass growth in stands assumed to be regenerated after harvest.

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Roe, Benjamin, Ivan Eastin, and Indroneil Ganguly. "The impact of timber legality regulations on business practices in Vietnam." Forestry Chronicle 90, no. 05 (October 2014): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2014-130.

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Reports that nearly half of Vietnam's roundwood imports come from illegal sources has drawn criticism from major consumer countries who have recently implemented timber legality regulations. These regulations, which include the U.S. Lacey Act and EU Timber Regulation, restrict the import of illegally harvested wood and are expected to have a direct impact on major wood-processing countries such as Vietnam and China. Surveys were conducted at trade shows in Ho Chi Minh City to assess how these regulations influence firms’ use of chain-of-custody certification, and impact their material sourcing and export market decisions. Vietnamese firms which sell to the United States and the European Union had higher awareness of timber legality regulations and were more likely to take steps to eliminate illegal products from their supply chain by sourcing raw materials from the U.S. and Canada or by increasing their use of certified wood. However, smaller firms were generally unaware of timber legality regulations and were much less likely to use certified products. Our findings suggest that the Vietnamese market has become segmented, with smaller firms using materials which are at a higher risk of containing illegal wood, and exporting to less regulated markets, such as China.

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Gajdemski, Paweł, Ewelina Gaweł, Krzysztof Gardziej, Bartosz Kluczyński, Mateusz Orłowski, and Kahreena Hortizuela. "Timber Production Market in Poland and Selected EU Countries – Current Status and Future Challanges." Management Systems in Production Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-06-01-2016.

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Abstract The paper discusses the issue of the development of timber production market and timber industry in Poland and selected EU countries. The potential of forest resources in Poland against the background of other European countries is presented, as well as selected aspects exerting impact on the development processes of the sector of production. Particular attention is paid to the structure of ownership of forests in Poland and selected countries of the European Union. The structure of the use of means for research and development is analyzed with particular focus on those branches which allocate the biggest amounts for such purposes. Technological trends in the timber industry in Poland is described. Finally the prospects in the development of timber industry in the near future are discussed.

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45

Im, Eun Ho, Darius M. Adams, and Gregory S. Latta. "The impacts of changes in federal timber harvest on forest carbon sequestration in western Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 9 (September 2010): 1710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-110.

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This study examines the potential impacts of changes in federal timber harvest, acting through regional log markets, on the sequestration of carbon in forests and forest products in western Oregon. We construct a dynamic model of the region’s log markets in which market prices, log consumption at mills, and timber harvests and timber inventories on private, federal, and state forests are endogenous. Absent any policies regulating forest carbon sequestration, simulations show that regional carbon flux in forests and forest products would gradually decline as federal harvest rises from recent historical levels. If regional forest carbon flux were constrained to meet some minimum target, however, projections indicate that there would be opportunities for substituting carbon sequestration between federal and nonfederal lands through coordination of harvests across ownerships. We find that relatively small reductions in average private harvest could offset substantial losses of carbon flux on federal timberlands caused by increased federal harvest. One mechanism for achieving the changes needed in private harvest to meet a regional carbon flux target would be a carbon tax/subsidy program or a carbon offset market. For example, if federal owners offered timber for sale equal to the maximum sustainable level under the Northwest Forest Plan, our analysis indicates that a carbon price of roughly $US 19 per tonne of carbon would be sufficient to induce private owners to undertake the harvest and management modifications necessary to maintain regional forest carbon flux at its level in the early 2000s.

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Moral-Pajares, Encarnación, Concepción Martínez-Alcalá, Leticia Gallego-Valero, and Ángela Andrea Caviedes-Conde. "Transparency Index of the Supplying Countries’ Institutions and Tree Cover Loss: Determining Factors of EU Timber Imports?" Forests 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091009.

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Illegal logging and the associated deforestation have serious consequences for biodiversity, the climate, the economy and society. The EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) prohibits the placing of illegally harvested timber or timber products on the market. The objective of this paper is to analyse the recent evolution of EU imports of these products from the international market, in order to check how the transparency index of the supplying countries’ institutions and tree cover loss have influenced this trajectory. To that end, a panel data model is estimated with 228 observations from 38 exporting countries between 2012 and 2017. The results show that EU timber imports have a direct association with the transparency index and an inverse relationship with tree cover loss; both these relationships are highly significant at the one-percent level. Other significant factors are the performance of the EU construction sector (as a proxy for timber demand) and timber supply. In the short and medium-term, Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) signed between the EU and non-EU timber-producing countries have a negative influence on the supply to EU member states. This study presents an analysis of EU timber imports after the implementation of the EUTR, providing specific conclusions that can inform policymakers’ efforts to foster sustainable forest management.

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McQuillan, Alan G., and Candace Johnson-True. "Quantifying Marketplace Characteristics for Use in Timber Stumpage Appraisal." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/3.3.66.

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Abstract Regression-based models for predicting stumpage price have received attention in recent years for use in transactions evidence timber appraisal, forest planning, and valuation of timber inventories. These models usually use individual sale characteristics in conjunction with broad measures of product demand to explain variation in sale value. Local variation in markets due to mill capacity and concentration are either ignored, or separate models are generated for local market areas. The authors attempted to improve the specification of stumpage-price prediction models by incorporating new variables designed to reflect important aspects of local market conditions. This type of model has the potential to improve prediction of stumpage price and, in addition, to facilitate estimation of price impacts caused by changes in local mill capacity and concentration. West. J. Appl. For. 3(3): 66-69, July 1988.

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Hartebrodt, Christoph, and Falko Stenzel. "Alternative Preisbildungsmodelle – eine realitätsnahe Option?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0181.

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Alternative pricing models – a realistic option? The use of alternative pricing models as a means to automatize or at least facilitate the pricing of timber and thereby also reduce the volatility of timber prices has been under consideration for the past several years. The possibilities and limitations of such alternative pricing models are examined in this article using a retrospective comparative analysis. Overall, the results of six pricing models (these are: annual contract, quarterly contract, attenuation of the rate of change, mixed pricing, regression analysis derived price escalation clause, and self-fulfilling contract) are compared with the development of real timber prices between 2000 and 2010 of the state forest enterprise of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and analyzed using a set of performance measures. It turns out that there is a conflict of objectives between determining the exact figure of the market price by alternative pricing models and reducing the volatility of timber prices. Thus, quarterly contracts show the market price well, though display no relevant volatility reduction effect; conversely, contracts with a defined attenuation rate lead to a substantial reduction of volatility but also to maximizing deviations from the market price. It is also questionable in how far price escalation clauses, that is, models which were calibrated from regression analysis on the basis of historical data, are able to predict the future development of market prices. At the moment, alternative pricing models can therefore hardly replace the real market-negotiated timber price. They can though support pricing negotiations between buyers and sellers, but primarily in time periods not characterized by a pronounced dynamic.

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Bosello, Francesco, Ramiro Parrado, and Renato Rosa. "The economic and environmental effects of an EU ban on illegal logging imports. Insights from a CGE assessment." Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 184–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000526.

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AbstractThe European Union (EU) is now discussing a legislation proposal to ban illegal timber from the EU market. We use the ICES model to estimate the reallocation of global demand and timber imports following the EU legislation. We aim to assess the economic impacts and measure the potential emission reduction resulting from the introduction of this policy. Results show that an EU ban targeting only log imports is not effective in reducing illegal logging, but its main effect is the removal of illegal logs from international markets. Additionally, the unilateral EU ban increases secondary wood production in illegal logging countries as their exports become relatively more competitive. Through this mechanism, part of the banned illegal timber will re-enter international trade flows ‘hidden’ as processed wood. Extending the ban to timber processed products eliminates this effect and reinforces direct carbon emissions reduction from logging activities.

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Babatunde, T. O., and O. O. Babatunde. "Structure, Conduct and Performance of Timber Market in Ife East Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i6.23.

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The study focused on the structure, conduct and performance of timber market in Ife-east Local Governments of Oyo state. The major objective of this study is to assess the marketing pattern of timber in the study areas. The research method used for achieving the general objectives involved Descriptive Statistics and Gini Coefficient. Variations were observed in the price of the timber of the same species but different size because price determination is based on bargaining power. The result showed majority of respondents (58.8%) had secondary education, Muslim was dominant (54.6%) in the timber marketing and majority of marketers had regular supply of their product. . Government policy, high cost of transportation, inadequate credit facilities and high cost of energy and power were some of the constraints faced by timber marketers in the study area. The use of modern equipment and machines are needed to replace the outdated equipment in order to increase the output and profit. The level of access to credit facilities should be improved upon by encouraging the respondent to form cooperative societies so that they can mobilize enough working capital for their business. Keywords: Structure, conduct, Performance, Timber, ife, market

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Journal articles on the topic 'Timber market'

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