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Journal articles on the topic 'Time dependent covariate methods'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MENDES, ALEXANDRE C., and NASSER FARD. "BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND PHM ANALYSIS FOR RELIABILITY DATA." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 21, no. 05 (2014): 1450023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539314500235.

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This study proposes a modification for the binary logistic regression to treat time-dependent covariates for reliability studies. The proportional hazard model (PHM) properties are well suited for modeling survival data when there are categorical predictors; as it compares hazards to a reference category. However, time-dependent covariates present a challenge for the analysis as stratification does not produce hazards for the covariate stratified or creation of dummy time-dependent covariates faces difficulty on selecting the time interval for the interaction and the coefficient results may be

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Chen, I.-Chen, and Philip M. Westgate. "A novel approach to selecting classification types for time-dependent covariates in the marginal analysis of longitudinal data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 10-11 (2018): 3176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218799529.

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Generalized estimating equations are routinely utilized for the marginal analysis of longitudinal data. In order to obtain consistent regression parameter estimates, these estimating equations must be unbiased. However, when certain types of time-dependent covariates are presented, these equations can be biased unless the working independence structure is used. Unfortunately, regression parameter estimation can be very inefficient with this structure because not all valid moment conditions are incorporated within the corresponding equations. Therefore, approaches have been proposed to utilize

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Keshavarzi, Sareh, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Ayatollahi, Najaf Zare, and Maryam Pakfetrat. "Application of Seemingly Unrelated Regression in Medical Data with Intermittently Observed Time-Dependent Covariates." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/821643.

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Background. In many studies with longitudinal data, time-dependent covariates can only be measured intermittently (not at all observation times), and this presents difficulties for standard statistical analyses. This situation is common in medical studies, and methods that deal with this challenge would be useful.Methods. In this study, we performed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) based models, with respect to each observation time in longitudinal data with intermittently observed time-dependent covariates and further compared these models with mixed-effect regression models (MRMs) un

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Oller, Ramon, and Guadalupe Gómez Melis. "A nonparametric test for the association between longitudinal covariates and censored survival data." Biostatistics 21, no. 4 (2019): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxz002.

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Summary Many biomedical studies focus on the association between a longitudinal measurement and a time-to-event outcome while quantifying this association by means of a longitudinal-survival joint model. In this article we propose using the $LLR$ test — a longitudinal extension of the log-rank test statistic given by Peto and Peto (1972) — to provide evidence of a plausible association between a time-to-event outcome (right- or interval-censored) and a time-dependent covariate. As joint model methods are complex and hard to interpret, it is wise to conduct a preliminary test such as $LLR$ for

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Faddy, Malcolm J., and Sally I. McClean. "Using a multi-state model to enhance understanding of geriatric patient care." Australian Health Review 31, no. 1 (2007): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070091.

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Objectives: To use multi-state Markov chain modelling to analyse data on geriatric patient care, and to make comparisons between male and female patients. Methods: Estimation, from observed data, of covariate (age of patient and date of admission to hospital or community care) dependent parameters of statistical models for time in care and subsequent events. Results: Differential effects of these covariates shown on the parameters of the models for female and male patients, where these parameters can be interpreted as affecting different features of the distributions of time in care. Conclusio

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Zhang, Bo, Wei Liu, Zhiwei Zhang, Yanping Qu, Zhen Chen, and Paul S. Albert. "Modeling of correlated data with informative cluster sizes: An evaluation of joint modeling and within-cluster resampling approaches." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 4 (2015): 1881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215592268.

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Joint modeling and within-cluster resampling are two approaches that are used for analyzing correlated data with informative cluster sizes. Motivated by a developmental toxicity study, we examined the performances and validity of these two approaches in testing covariate effects in generalized linear mixed-effects models. We show that the joint modeling approach is robust to the misspecification of cluster size models in terms of Type I and Type II errors when the corresponding covariates are not included in the random effects structure; otherwise, statistical tests may be affected. We also ev

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Beyersmann, J., P. Gastmeier, M. Schumacher, and M. Wolkewitz. "Efficient Risk Set Sampling when a Time-dependent Exposure Is Present." Methods of Information in Medicine 48, no. 05 (2009): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me9241.

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Summary Objectives: The impact of time-dependent exposures on the time until study endpoint may correctly be analyzed with data of a full cohort. Ignoring the time-dependent nature of these exposures leads to time-dependent bias. Matching for time to exposure is often applied to take the time-dependency into account, but prefixed sets of exposed and unexposed may still create bias. This approach is attractive since a subcohort would also save resources, especially when exposure and outcome data are only available in the full cohort but further covariate information is required. The first objec

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Yanchev, Asen, Martina Ivanova, Ivan Donev, Eleonora Dimitrova, and Nikolay Vladimirov Conev. "Gender and time estimation as novel potent indicators of emotional concerns in cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e24195-e24195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24195.

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e24195 Background: Psychological stress is frequent after a cancer diagnosis. Thus screening is crucial for detecting it. The emotion thermometers (ETs) are validated screening tools and have five dimensions (distress, anxiety, depression, anger, and need‐for‐help). Methods: Time estimation was assessed in 374 chemonaïve patients with solid tumors by evaluating each subject’s prospective estimation of how quickly one minute passed compared to the actual time. ETs were used at the beginning of treatment to evaluate level of psychological stress of each patient. A multivariate analyses of covari

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Qin, Shukui, Jie Jin, Jun Guo, et al. "Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and asthenia/fatigue (A/F) as biomarkers of sunitinib efficacy in Chinese patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): e15622-e15622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15622.

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e15622 Background: In an open-label phase IV study of sunitinib as 1st-line treatment (Tx) in Chinese pts with mRCC, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 61.7 and 133.4 wk, respectively; objective response rate (ORR) was 31.1% (Ann Oncol 2012;23:851P). We retrospectively investigated correlations between on-Tx HFS or A/F and efficacy endpoints in pts from this trial. Methods: AEs were recorded and graded using NCI CTCAE v3. Median PFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan−Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare PFS and OS between groups with and without H

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Rahman, Md Arif, and Md Rashedul Hoque. "Fitting Time to First Birth Using Extended Cox Regression Model in Presence of Nonproportional Hazard." Dhaka University Journal of Science 63, no. 1 (2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v63i1.21764.

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The Cox regression model, which is widely used for the analysis of factor effects with censored survival data, makes the assumption of constant hazard ratio. Different methods should be used to deal with non-proportionality of hazards when this assumption is violated. In this study, we use the Extended Cox regression model where time dependent covariate terms with fixed functions of time are considered. Time to first birth for the ever married women after marriage, taken from BDHS 2011 women data is fitted using Extended Cox regression model due to the failure of existence of proportionality a

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Cho, Gyo-Young, and Oyunchimeg Dashnyam. "Generalized methods of moments in marginal models for longitudinal data with time-dependent covariates." Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society 24, no. 4 (2013): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2013.24.4.877.

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Forgács-Dajka, Emese, László Dobos, and István Ballai. "Time-dependent properties of sunspot groups." Astronomy & Astrophysics 653 (September 2021): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140731.

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Aims. In this paper, we aim to study the time dependence of sunspot group areas in a large sample composed of various databases spanning over 130 years, used state-of-the-art statistical methods. Methods. For a carefully selected but unbiased sample, we use Bayesian modelling to fit the temporal evolution of the combined umbral and penumbral area of spot groups with a skew-normal function to determine the existence of any asymmetry in spot growth or decay. Our primary selection criteria guaranteed that only spot groups with a well-defined maximum area were taken into account. We also analysed

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Overall, John E., and Scott Tonidandel. "Analysis of Data from a Controlled Repeated Measurements Design with Baseline-Dependent Dropouts." Methodology 3, no. 2 (2007): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.3.2.58.

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Abstract. Differences in mean rates of change are of primary interest in many controlled treatment evaluation studies. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) procedures are widely conceived to be the preferred method of analysis for repeated measurement designs when there are missing data due to dropouts, but systematic dependence of the dropout probabilities on antecedent or concurrent factors poses a problem for testing the significance of differences in mean rates of change across time in such designs. Controlling for the dependence of dropout probabilities on baseline values poses a special

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Rich, N. T., B. J. Smith, and D. A. Vaena. "Correlation of statin use and duration with increased survival in hormone refractory prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 14617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14617.

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14617 Background: Prior studies associated statin use with prevention and reduced progression of prostate cancer. (Platz et al, 96th AACR abst. 4374). However, the effects of statins in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) are unknown. We evaluated the impact of statins on survival of HRPC patients by comparing actual survival data with predicted survival using the Halabi nomogram (JCO 21:(7);1232). Methods: Using the Iowa City VA (ICVA) prescription database since 2001 along with chart review, we identified 28 consecutive patients who were prescribed statins when they had HRPC. Survival

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Tsujitani, Masaaki, Yusuke Tanaka, and Masato Sakon. "Survival Data Analysis with Time-Dependent Covariates Using Generalized Additive Models." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/986176.

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We discuss a flexible method for modeling survival data using penalized smoothing splines when the values of covariates change for the duration of the study. The Cox proportional hazards model has been widely used for the analysis of treatment and prognostic effects with censored survival data. However, a number of theoretical problems with respect to the baseline survival function remain unsolved. We use the generalized additive models (GAMs) with B splines to estimate the survival function and select the optimum smoothing parameters based on a variant multifold cross-validation (CV) method.

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Sarkar, Reith, J. Kellogg Parsons, John Paul Einck, et al. "Impact of testosterone replacement therapy after radiation therapy on prostate cancer outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.99.

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99 Background: Currently there is little data to guide the use of testosterone replacement therapy in prostate cancer patients who have received radiation therapy (RT). We sought to evaluate the impact of post-RT testosterone replacement on prostate cancer outcomes in a large national cohort. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. We identified node-negative and non-metastatic prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 2001-2015 treated with RT. We excluded patients for missing covariate and follow-up data. Rec

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Chen, I.-Chen, and Philip M. Westgate. "Improved methods for the marginal analysis of longitudinal data in the presence of time-dependent covariates." Statistics in Medicine 36, no. 16 (2017): 2533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.7307.

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Gallo, James M., Paul B. Laub, Eric K. Rowinsky, Louise B. Grochow, and Sharyn D. Baker. "Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Topotecan Derived From Phase I Clinical Trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 12 (2000): 2459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.12.2459.

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PURPOSE: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of topotecan in a population model that would identify patient variables or covariates that appreciably impacted on its disposition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All data were collected from 82 patients entered in four different phase I trials that were previously reported as separate studies from 1992 to 1996. All patients received topotecan as a 30-minute constant-rate infusion on a daily-times-five schedule and were selected for this study because their daily dose did not exceed 2.0 mg/m2. Among the 82 patients were 30 patients classified as having ren

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Schneider, B. P., M. Wang, V. Stearns, et al. "Relationship between taxane-induced neuropathy and clinical outcomes after adjuvant chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (2011): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.270.

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270 Background: Neuropathy is a common and potentially enduring and disabling complication of adjuvant taxane therapy. Recent studies have identified candidate host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with taxane-induced neuropathy (Schneider et al. ASCO 2011, abstr. 1000). We therefore sought to determine whether neuropathy was associated with breast cancer recurrence. Methods: This study included 4,950 eligible women with axillary lymph node positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer who received up to 4 cycles of AC (doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2)

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Fetterly, G. J., J. S. Owen, K. Stuyckens, et al. "Mechanism-based PKPD model for hepatoprotective effect of dexamethasone on transient transaminitis after trabectedin (ET- 743) treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2545.

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2545 Background: Reversible transient elevations in transaminases have been observed after trabectedin (T) administration, despite no alteration in plasma PK. A PKPD model was developed to evaluate the time course of ALT elevation, tolerance development, and covariate effects following different dosing schedules in cancer subjects. Methods: T was administered to 711 subjects as monotherapy (dose range: 0.024 - 1.8 mg/m2) as 1-, 3-, or 24-hr infusions every 21 days; 1- or 3-hr infusions on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days; or 1-hr infusions daily for 5 consecutive days every 21 days. Population

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Lijfering, Willem M., Sigrid Braekkan, Erin Mathiesen Hald, et al. "The Association Between Atherosclerosis and Venous Thrombosis: Results From the Tromsø Study." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2245.2245.

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Abstract Abstract 2245 Background: It was in 2003 first reported that atherosclerosis was twice as prevalent in patients with unprovoked venous thrombosis as compared with age and sex matched controls. However, two subsequent population based prospective cohort studies failed to confirm this association. In the latter two study designs, atherosclerosis measurements were only registered at baseline, and it could have taken years before venous thrombotic events occurred. Such a time window may have nullified the outcomes of these two studies. In the Tromsø Study, a population based prospective c

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Kwon, Sophia, Myeonggyun Lee, Theresa Schwartz, et al. "4088 Longitudinal Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome as a Modifiable Risk factor of World Trade Center Particulate Matter Exposure Associated Lung Disease." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (2020): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.180.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a risk for World Trade Center-Lung Injury (WTC-LI; defined as developing FEV1<lower limit of normal [LLN]). Metabolic health is a modifiable disease risk factor. We propose to characterize how time-dependent covariates of MetSyn are longitudinally associated with WTC-LI. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: WTC-particulate exposed firefighters, consented, with pre-9/11 FEV1 LLN (N = 5,746). Data assessed from last pre-9/11 till August 1, 2017. Longitudinal MetSyn characteristics were assessed using 3 models: i. A linear mixed effect model to assess the

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Carlson, Kevin. "Assessment of Post-Rehabilitation ACL Reconstructed Knees." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 8, no. 2 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575//aiac.ijkss.v.8n.2p.33.

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Background: Understanding objective measures of ACL-reconstructed knee function is important in determining the efficacy of rehabilitation protocols and a patient’s return to activities of daily living and sport activities. Objective: To assess the range of motion (ROM), isokinetic strength (torque) and functional performance measures (hop test) of ACL-reconstructed and ACL-intact knees. Methods: Twelve volunteers (5 females, 7 males) with unilateral ACL injury and reconstruction were given a battery of tests (hop test for distance, knee range of motion, knee extensor isokinetic testing to ass

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Sarkar, Reith, J. Kellogg Parsons, John Paul Einck, et al. "Impact of testosterone replacement therapy after radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.100.

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100 Background: Currently there is little data to guide the use of post-radical prostatectomy (RP) testosterone replacement therapy in prostate cancer. We sought to evaluate the impact of post-RP testosterone replacement on prostate cancer outcomes in a large national cohort. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. We identified node-negative and non-metastatic prostate cancer patients diagnosed between 2001-2015 treated with RP. We excluded patients for missing covariate and follow-up data. We then coded receip

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Emura, Takeshi, Masahiro Nakatochi, Kenta Murotani, and Virginie Rondeau. "A joint frailty-copula model between tumour progression and death for meta-analysis." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 6 (2015): 2649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215604510.

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Dependent censoring often arises in biomedical studies when time to tumour progression (e.g., relapse of cancer) is censored by an informative terminal event (e.g., death). For meta-analysis combining existing studies, a joint survival model between tumour progression and death has been considered under semicompeting risks, which induces dependence through the study-specific frailty. Our paper here utilizes copulas to generalize the joint frailty model by introducing additional source of dependence arising from intra-subject association between tumour progression and death. The practical value

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Moradian, Hoora, Denis Larocque, and François Bellavance. "Survival forests for data with dependent censoring." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 2 (2017): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280217727314.

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Tree-based methods are very powerful and popular tools for analysing survival data with right-censoring. The existing methods assume that the true time-to-event and the censoring times are independent given the covariates. We propose different ways to build survival forests when dependent censoring is suspected, by using an appropriate estimator of the survival function when aggregating the individual trees and/or by modifying the splitting rule. The appropriate estimator used in this paper is the copula-graphic estimator. We also propose a new method for building survival forests, called p-fo

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Coradini, Danila, Maria Grazia Daidone, Patrizia Boracchi, et al. "Time-Dependent Relevance of Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 14 (2000): 2702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.14.2702.

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PURPOSE: To analyze the time-dependent prognostic role of the investigated variables, considered, when appropriate, on a continuous scale, for the purpose of evaluating and describing the interrelationships between clinically relevant patient and tumor characteristics (age, size and histology, and estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor content) and the risk of new disease manifestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We applied a flexible statistical model to a case series of 1,793 patients with axillary lymph node–negative breast cancer with a minimal potential follow-up of 10 years. To avoi

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Ishigaki, Kazunaga, Yousuke Nakai, Hiroyuki Isayama, et al. "Risk factor of thrombosis and impact on prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.218.

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218 Background: Thromboembolism (TE) is common in cancer patients, and pancreatic cancer is reported to be highly associated with TE. The aim of this analysis is to clarify risk factors for TE and its clinical impact in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Data on consecutive pancreatic cancer patients receiving systemic chemotherapy between August 1999 and July 2015 were retrospectively studied. The diagnosis of TE was made on CT scan either performed for suspicious symptoms of TE or for evaluation of chemotherapy response, and TE was classified into two groups: arterial events including coro

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Roberts, Jason A., Fabio Silvio Taccone, Andrew A. Udy, Jean-Louis Vincent, Frédérique Jacobs, and Jeffrey Lipman. "Vancomycin Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: Robust Methods for Improved Continuous-Infusion Regimens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 6 (2011): 2704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01708-10.

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ABSTRACTDespite the development of novel antibiotics active against Gram-positive bacteria, vancomycin generally remains the first treatment, although rapidly achieving concentrations associated with maximal efficacy provides an unresolved challenge. The objective of this study was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in a large population of critically ill patients. This was a retrospective data collection of 206 adult septic critically ill patients who were administered vancomycin as a loading dose followed by continuous infusion. The concentration-versus-time data

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Rouzier, Roman, Jean-Marc Extra, Mathieu Carton, et al. "Primary Chemotherapy for Operable Breast Cancer: Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 18 (2001): 3828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.18.3828.

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PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and the prognostic value of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in patients treated with primary chemotherapy and breast-conserving surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1985 and December 1994, 257 patients with invasive T1 to T3 breast carcinoma were treated with primary chemotherapy, lumpectomy, and radiation therapy. The median follow-up time was 93 months. To evaluate the role of IBTR in metastase-free survival, a Cox regression multivariate analysis was performed using IBTR as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: The IBTR rates were 16%

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Michaelson, M. D., D. P. Cohen, S. Li, et al. "Hand–foot syndrome (HFS) as a potential biomarker of efficacy in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib (SU)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (2011): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.320.

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320 Background: HFS and related skin toxicities are common side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as SU, a multitargeted inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF receptors plus other receptor tyrosine kinases. In a randomized phase III trial of treatment-naïve mRCC pts, SU showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) over interferon-alfa, with a median PFS of 11 mo and median overall survival (OS) of 26.4 mo, establishing SU as a reference standard of care (Motzer et al, 2009). In this retrospective analysis, correlations between SU-associated HFS and efficacy e

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Sereika, Susan M., Yaguang Zheng, Lu Hu, and Lora E. Burke. "Modern Methods for Modeling Change in Obesity Research in Nursing." Western Journal of Nursing Research 39, no. 8 (2017): 1028–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917697221.

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Persons receiving treatment for weight loss often demonstrate heterogeneity in lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes over time. Traditional repeated measures approaches focus on the estimation and testing of an average temporal pattern, ignoring the interindividual variability about the trajectory. An alternate person-centered approach, group-based trajectory modeling, can be used to identify distinct latent classes of individuals following similar trajectories of behavior or outcome change as a function of age or time and can be expanded to include time-invariant and time-dependent covariat

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Juvela, Seppo, Matti Porras, and Kristiina Poussa. "Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: probability of and risk factors for aneurysm rupture." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 5 (2008): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/5/1052.

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Object The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and the predictive risk factors determining subsequent rupture in a patient population in which surgical selection of cases was not performed. Methods One hundred forty-two patients with 181 unruptured aneurysms were followed from the 1950s until death or the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage or until the years 1997 to 1998. The annual and cumulative incidence of aneurysm rupture as well as several potential risk factors predictive of rupture were studied using life-table

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Juvela, Seppo, Matti Porras, and Kristiina Poussa. "Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: probability of and risk factors for aneurysm rupture." Journal of Neurosurgery 96, no. 1 (2002): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0057.

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Object. The authors conducted a study to investigate the long-term natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and the predictive risk factors determining subsequent rupture in a patient population in which surgical selection of cases was not performed. Methods. One hundred forty-two patients with 181 unruptured aneurysms were followed from the 1950s until death or the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage or until the years 1997 to 1998. The annual and cumulative incidence of aneurysm rupture as well as several potential risk factors predictive of rupture were studied using life-tabl

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Lee, Jean Kyung, James J. Harding, Joanne F. Chou, Marinela Capanu, Leonard Saltz, and Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa. "Prognostic role of C-reactive protein levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing sorafenib therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (2014): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.340.

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340 Background: Markers of systemic inflammatory response including C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with the prognosis of various malignancies including HCC. We investigated the significance of the serum CRP level as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced HCC on sorafenib therapy. Methods: The MSKCC institutional database was retrospectively queried for patients diagnosed with advanced HCC who received sorafenib therapy from 2002-2012 and had available serum CRP measurements. Patient demographics and outcomes were extracted under an IRB-approved waiver. Baseline CRP levels withi

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Koziol, Conrad P., Joe A. Todd, Daniel N. Goldberg, and James R. Maddison. "fenics_ice 1.0: a framework for quantifying initialization uncertainty for time-dependent ice sheet models." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 9 (2021): 5843–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5843-2021.

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Abstract. Mass loss due to dynamic changes in ice sheets is a significant contributor to sea level rise, and this contribution is expected to increase in the future. Numerical codes simulating the evolution of ice sheets can potentially quantify this future contribution. However, the uncertainty inherent in these models propagates into projections of sea level rise is and hence crucial to understand. Key variables of ice sheet models, such as basal drag or ice stiffness, are typically initialized using inversion methodologies to ensure that models match present observations. Such inversions of

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Sakaie, Ken, Janel K. Fedler, Jon W. Yankey, et al. "Influence of equipment changes on MRI measures of brain atrophy and brain microstructure in a placebo-controlled trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 7, no. 2 (2021): 205521732110108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552173211010843.

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Background Hardware changes can be an unavoidable confound in imaging trials. Understanding the impact of such changes may play an important role in the analysis of imaging data. Objective To characterize the effect of equipment changes in a longitudinal, multi-site multiple sclerosis trial. Methods Using data from a clinical trial in progressive multiple sclerosis, we explored how major changes in imaging hardware affected data. We analyzed the extent to which these changes affected imaging biomarkers and the estimated treatment effects by including such changes as a time-dependent covariate.

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Wu, Lang, Wei Liu, Grace Y. Yi, and Yangxin Huang. "Analysis of Longitudinal and Survival Data: Joint Modeling, Inference Methods, and Issues." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/640153.

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In the past two decades, joint models of longitudinal and survival data have received much attention in the literature. These models are often desirable in the following situations: (i) survival models with measurement errors or missing data in time-dependent covariates, (ii) longitudinal models with informative dropouts, and (iii) a survival process and a longitudinal process are associated via latent variables. In these cases, separate inferences based on the longitudinal model and the survival model may lead to biased or inefficient results. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of joi

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Poterjoy, Jonathan, and Fuqing Zhang. "Systematic Comparison of Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation Methods With and Without the Tangent Linear Model Using Hybrid Background Error Covariance: E4DVar versus 4DEnVar." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 5 (2015): 1601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00224.1.

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Abstract Two ensemble formulations of the four-dimensional variational (4DVar) data assimilation technique are examined for a low-dimensional dynamical system. The first method, denoted E4DVar, uses tangent linear and adjoint model operators to minimize a cost function in the same manner as the traditional 4DVar data assimilation system. The second method, denoted 4DEnVar, uses an ensemble of nonlinear model trajectories to replace the function of linearized models in 4DVar, thus improving the parallelization of the data assimilation. Background errors for each algorithm are represented using

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Jabbour, Elias, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Xuemei Wang, et al. "Acquisition of Cytogenetic Abnormalities (CA) Is a Very Poor Prognostic Feature in Patients (pts) with Low and Intermediate-1 (int-1) Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS),." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3802.3802.

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Abstract Abstract 3802 Background and Aim: The impact of the CA on prognosis and transformation into acute myeloid leukemia among pts with low and int-1 risk MDS is not known. The aims of the study were to assess the impact of CA on the natural history of pts with lower risk MDS and to identify factors associated with its development. Methods: We reviewed 721 pts clinical records of low and intermediate risk MDS pts from 2000–2010 and conducted a retrospective analysis of all pts with at least two consecutive cytogenetic analysis (365 patients, 51%). The acquisition of CA was defined by struct

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Rocha, Adolpho Emanuel Quintela da, José Leonaldo de Souza, Guilherme Bastos Lyra, et al. "Micrometeorological methods to estimate sugarcane evapotranspiration in coastal northeastern region of Brazil." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(09):2019 (September 20, 2019): 1422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.09.p1257.

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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of Bowen ratio-energy balance method, as well as the energy balance closure by Eddy covariance technique for a sugarcane crop in Brazilian northeastern region. Micrometeorological measurements were carried out between June 7th and November 17th, 2013. Latent and sensible heat fluxes were determined through Eddy covariance technique (EC) and by the Bowen ratio-energy balance method (BREB), considering two approaches. The first, estimated the air temperature and water vapour pressure gradient in two levels above the canopy. The second m

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Malcovati, Luca, Ulrich Germing, Andrea Kuendgen, et al. "Time-Dependent Prognostic Scoring System for Predicting Survival and Leukemic Evolution in Myelodysplastic Syndromes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 23 (2007): 3503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.08.5696.

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Purpose The aims of this study were to identify the most significant prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) taking into account both their values at clinical onset and their changes in time and to develop a dynamic model for predicting survival and leukemic evolution that can be applied at any time during the course of the disease. Patients and Methods We studied a learning cohort of 426 MDS patients diagnosed at the Department of Hematology, San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy, between 1992 and 2004, and a validation cohort of 739 patients diagnosed at the Heinrich-Heine-Universi

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Yang, Ju-Yeh, Likwang Chen, Yu-Sen Peng, Yun-Yi Chen, Jenq-Wen Huang, and Kuan-Yu Hung. "Icodextrin is Associated with a Lower Mortality Rate in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 39, no. 3 (2019): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2018.00217.

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Background Icodextrin (ICO) improves fluid removal in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, whether physiological benefits of ICO translate into patient survival remains unclear. We examine the association of ICO and clinical outcomes. Methods We identified patients who initiated long-term PD from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. We matched ICO users with non-users according to propensity score and survival status when ICO was prescribed. We utilized time-dependent analyses to avoid immortal time bias. Additional competing risk models were utilized for the outco

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Liu, Lei, Enxin Wang, Lin Li, et al. "As Clinical Markers, Hand-Foot-Skin Reaction and Diarrhea Can Predict Better Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization plus Sorafenib." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2019 (November 14, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2576349.

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Background. Combination therapy of transarterial chemoembolization plus sorafenib (TACE-S) has been proven to be safe and effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, this combination therapy is associated with a high incidence of adverse events (AEs). Our study focused on the relationships between AEs and treatment outcomes and aimed to discover AE-based clinical markers that can predict the survival benefits of combination treatment. Methods. From January 2010 to June 2014, a total of 235 HCC patients treated with TACE-S were retrospectively enrolled. Major sorafenib-related AEs we

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Nauck, Michael A., Karen Tornøe, Søren Rasmussen, Marianne Bach Treppendahl, and Steven P. Marso. "Cardiovascular outcomes in patients who experienced a myocardial infarction while treated with liraglutide versus placebo in the LEADER trial." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 15, no. 5 (2018): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118783935.

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Objective: Animal studies demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduce myocardial necrosis following regional ischaemia induction. This effect may improve cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. Risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure after myocardial infarction was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk in the LEADER trial. Methods: Data from patients randomised to liraglutide or placebo, in addition to standard of care, in Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcom

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Kudo, Masatoshi, Kazuomi Ueshima, Chikara Ogawa, and Yasutaka Chiba. "Objective response (OR) by mRECIST to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib in the SILIUS trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (2020): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.534.

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534 Background: In SILIUS (NCT01214343) trial, combination of sorafenib and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy did not significantly improve OS in patients with advanced HCC compared with sorafenib alone (Kudo M, et al. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018). In this study, we explored the relationship between OR and OS in the sorafenib group in the SILIUS trial. Methods: Association between OR and OS in patients treated with sorafenib ( n = 103) were analyzed. The median OS of responders was compared with that of non-responders by using Mantel-Byar test to exclude guarantee-time bias. Landmar

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Šraj, Mojca, Alberto Viglione, Juraj Parajka, and Günter Blöschl. "The influence of non-stationarity in extreme hydrological events on flood frequency estimation." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no. 4 (2016): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0032.

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Abstract Substantial evidence shows that the frequency of hydrological extremes has been changing and is likely to continue to change in the near future. Non-stationary models for flood frequency analyses are one method of accounting for these changes in estimating design values. The objective of the present study is to compare four models in terms of goodness of fit, their uncertainties, the parameter estimation methods and the implications for estimating flood quantiles. Stationary and non-stationary models using the GEV distribution were considered, with parameters dependent on time and on

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Ivanescu, Andrada E., Ciprian M. Crainiceanu, and William Checkley. "Dynamic child growth prediction: A comparative methods approach." Statistical Modelling 17, no. 6 (2017): 468–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471082x17707619.

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Abstract: We introduce a class of dynamic regression models designed to predict the future of growth curves based on their historical dynamics. This class of models incorporates both baseline and time-dependent covariates, start with simple regression models and build up to dynamic function-on-function regressions. We compare the performance of the dynamic prediction models in a variety of signal-to-noise scenarios and provide practical solutions for model selection. We conclude that (a) prediction performance increases substantially when using the entire growth history relative to using only

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Le, Robert Q., Prathima Anandi, Xin Tian, et al. "Comparison of Donor KIR Genotype, Recipient CMV Reactivation and Pretransplant MRD in Predicting Relapse after Ex Vivo T-Deplete Allohsct." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3212.3212.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Relapse is the most important cause of post-transplant mortality. The interaction between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) of donor natural killer (NK) cells and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I molecules on recipient target cells may influence the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) by modulating NK cell alloreactivity. In addition to modulation by KIRs, NK cells also respond to CMV reactivation post-HCT to promote maturation and functional competence that could enhance their antileukemic effect. Since NK cells are postula

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Pinder, M. C., H. Chang, K. R. Broglio, et al. "Trastuzumab treatment and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1018.

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1018 Background: In the era of trastuzumab, HER2-positive breast cancer confers an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases. While several studies have examined CNS metastases in trastuzumab-treated patients, data are sparse regarding CNS metastases in trastuzumab-naïve HER2-positive patients. We evaluated time to CNS metastasis, death, and death subsequent to brain metastasis in relation to trastuzumab treatment. Methods: The study population included 750 patients diagnosed with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (HER2+ MBC) between June 1977 and January 2006. The associa

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