Relevant bibliographies by topics / Time limit for prosecution

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Time limit for prosecution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Time limit for prosecution.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

Allahverdiyev, Alovsat. "Defining war crimes: a look to the prosecution by international criminal judicial bodies." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.84.

Full text
Abstract:
The article is dedicated to the overview of the scope and application of international prosecution on war crimes. Although theterm “war crimes” is not a new concept in international law, different approaches exist in defining the precise limits of it. War crimesare always considered as one of the primary challenges and pecularities minimizing the whole efficiency of international law. Nevertheless,not all known prosecutions on war crimes ended with success. In traditional international law war crimes are always related tomilitary or armed conflicts what may be international or non-international conflict. History of international humanitarian law demonstratesthat almost all of the military conflicts were associated with war crimes. However, international law was not able to buil upstrong judicial mechanisms for the prosecution of war crimes for a long time. Modern type of international prosecution over war crimescan be linked to military tribunals established after World War I. At the same time, we should not forget that most of war crimes committedbefore and during WWI still remain unpunished. These problems demand new conceptual approach to the understanding of warcrimes as well as methodology of international prosecution. We know that first military tribunals were of quasi-international character.Although modern international law contains fully international military tribunals, still there are a lot of cases of failure to punish warcrimes. We need to understand that being a type of international crimes against peace and humanity, war crimes can be committed outsidethe active period of war. Thus, there is a need to re-define again the scope and subject matter of war crimes. On the other hand,prosecution of war crimes should be studied apart from other international law violations, human rights in particular.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

HARLING, PHILIP. "THE LAW OF LIBEL AND THE LIMITS OF REPRESSION, 1790–1832." Historical Journal 44, no. 1 (March 2001): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01001698.

Full text
Abstract:
The article examines the use of seditious libel and blasphemy as instruments of control during the era of Tory hegemony. It argues that the law of libel was a formidable instrument of repression, but one which was all but abandoned by the legal authorities because it proved to be too unreliable. On the one hand, it placed the writers and vendors of radical literature under the constant threat of prosecution. They could be perpetually threatened by ex-officio informations; they paid all legal costs accruing from their cases; and, if put to trial, they often faced a hostile judge and a packed jury. On the other hand, a great deal of arguably seditious literature circulated freely because the Home Office lacked the institutional means to embark on a policy of wholesale prosecution; enforcement of the libel laws was scattershot at best; and defendants ultimately managed to undermine the government's prosecutorial strategy by exploiting the flexibility of language to win acquittal in some well-publicized cases. Thus the profound uncertainty of libel proceedings made them double-edged weapons which often damaged the government and the accused at the same time.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Limańska, Aleksandra, and Marta Pustuła. "Pozycja pokrzywdzonego w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania karnego z 19 lipca 2019 r." Problemy Prawa Karnego 30, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ppk.2020.04.06.

Full text
Abstract:
This article addresses some amendments of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure in so far as they affect the position of the injured party. The Act of 19 July 2019 amending the Polish Code of Criminal Code provides for a number of changes relating to that participant of criminal proceedings. The paper deals with the extension of the time limit within which it is possible to withdraw a motion to prosecute, changes to the so-called subsidiary complaint, setting a deadline for questioning the injured under Articles 185a and 185c of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure or serving the injured party with an order to pay (injunctive judgment) alongside the instructions on how to appeal against the judgment and simultaneously file a statement that the injured will act in the capacity of a subsidiary prosecution counsel. The analysis is aimed to establish whether those changes have led to the strengthening or weakening of the position of the injured party.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vause, Erika. "A subject of interest: usurers on trial in early nineteenth-century France." Financial History Review 24, no. 1 (April 2017): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565017000063.

Full text
Abstract:
This article examines perceptions and practices of habitual usury, a crime consisting of lending above the legal rate of interest on multiple occasions, in early nineteenth-century France using descriptions of usury trials found in the popular legal periodical the Gazette des Tribunaux. Following the French Revolution, French law legitimized lending at interest in principle, but punished ‘habitual usurers’ who ‘made a profession’ from lending above the legal limit. The decades that followed witnessed striking growth in banking, joint-stock companies and other financial institutions. Highlighting the connections between cultural constructions of the usurer and the actual processes deemed usurious, this article seeks to understand a paradox: that usury was deemed omnipresent in French society yet it was rarely prosecuted. By examining how habitual usury was defined and prosecuted in French courtrooms, this article shows how habitual usurers both validated and undermined stereotypical notions of predatory lending behavior found in popular culture of the time. Habitual usury trials also reveal the actual practices that allowed those excluded from formal financial networks to participate in the growth of capitalist relations. This article argues that the nineteenth-century obsession with the usurer can be explained by the crucial role played by usurious practices in the credit economy of the period. As such, prosecution of usury tended to focus on the character of the usury rather than the actual practice of illegal lending. This article suggests that by occasionally prosecuting particularly egregious ‘immoral’ moneylenders, the legal system and journals like the Gazette des Tribunaux worked to keep credit accessible to the ‘underbanked’.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Modell, Scott J., and Suzanna Mak. "A Preliminary Assessment of Police Officers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Persons With Disabilities." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2008.46:183-189.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Individuals with developmental disabilities are 4 to 10 times more likely to become crime victims than individuals without disabilities (D. Sobsey, D. Wells, R. Lucardie, & S. Mansell, 1995). Victimization rates for persons with disabilities is highest for sexual assault (more than 10 times as high) and robbery (more than 12 times as high). There are a number of factors related to individuals' with disabilities susceptibility to interactions with the criminal justice system. In addition to these factors, many significant barriers exist, both real and perceived, that limit investigation and prosecution of these cases. How police officers perceive and understand disability play significant roles in how these cases develop and evolve. The purpose of this study was to assess police officer knowledge and perceptions of persons with disabilities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nikulina, V. A. "The Origins of Limitation Period in the Old Russian Criminal Law." Lex Russica 73, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.167.10.126-136.

Full text
Abstract:
The prototype of the modern institution of limitation periods for criminal prosecution appears in old Russian law. The crime under it is of a private legal nature (offense), and the main punishment is revenge on the offender. The nascent state power requires limiting revenge, which is destructive in nature, although it continues to act as a natural reaction to deviant behavior. One of these restrictions is the establishment of a certain period during which it was allowed to take revenge with impunity. In different legal systems, this period is designated differently. In old Russian law, which was influenced by Byzantine legal practice, there was a demand for the legality of revenge only in case of immediate implementation, which brings it closer to the institution of necessary defense. This also shows the beginnings of the modern institution of limitation periods, since revenge at that time satisfied the goals of punishment. The analysis of the norms of Russkaya Pravda [Russian Justice] in comparison with the norms of ancient German law is a confirmation of this. In addition, the establishment of limitation periods in old Russian law in some cases had procedural prerequisites, which are also characteristic of the modern institution of limitation periods. Nevertheless, long-standing oblivion did not receive its further development in old Russian law. The most popular institution was monetary compensation, which not only effectively replaced revenge, but also provided an economic platform for the emerging state apparatus. In such circumstances, it was economically unprofitable to limit the payment of ransom as the main type of punishment for that period of time, and first of all directly to the state in the person of the princely power. Thus, in its historical development, the institution of limitation periods for criminal prosecution at the stage of old Russian law acquires its identity and significance only when comparing and disclosing those tasks that were solved by the state in this particular period of time by applying punishment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Scutt, Jocelynne. "POLICE, PROSECUTION, COURTS AND WARTIME DEMONSTRATIONS: ADELA PANKHURST IN THE AUSTRALIAN HIGH COURT." Denning Law Journal 23, no. 1 (November 26, 2012): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v23i1.365.

Full text
Abstract:
Rights of assembly and freedom of speech are a rich ground for decision-making by police, prosecutors and courts in determining a balance with obligations of authorities to keep the peace and prevail against disorderly conduct or riot. Recent claims of abuse of police powers through “kettling” have reached the European Court of Justice. These cases directly address the scope and exercise of police authority in maintaining order during demonstrations. Yet not only police powers are in issue at times of political disputation. Two cases heard early last century by the Australian High Court illustrate the way in which both the decision to prosecute and judicial decision-making may be influenced by socio-political considerations, particularly in time of war. Pankhurst v Porter and Pankhurst v Kiernan saw Adela Pankhurst, youngest daughter in the redoubtable Pankhurst family of Suffragette fame, testing the limits of the law during the struggles to ensure that sending wheat abroad to feed the troops would not justify pricing bread out of the reach of ordinary, working-class households. The success of the appeal in Pankhurst v Porter exposed error in the prosecutorial process. The failure of the appeal in Pankhurst v Kiernan exposed flawed reasoning in the majority opinion and the strength of the dissenting judgment in it’s application of the law to the facts and the need to maintain objectivity or at least neutrality as to the particular appellant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Laurencia, Tamara. "Penyadapan oleh KPK dalam Perspektif Due Process of Law." JURNAL MERCATORIA 12, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v12i2.2790.

Full text
Abstract:
<em>Corruption is very detrimental. KPK was established to eradicate corruption and is given extensive duties and authority. KPK is given the authority to conduct investigation and prosecution, and in the implementation, KPK has the authority to conduct wiretapping. However, the authority given to KPK in conducting wiretapping seems to be too broad and was given without any clear boundaries in terms of the time limit for example. It should also require permission to conduct wiretapping in order to uphold the law. Wiretapping has been a violation of privacy towards citizen rights. The right can only be limited by the Law, but it cannot be removed from existence. One of the principles of criminal procedure in Indonesia is due process of law that consist of three important aspects, namely presumption of innocence, equality before the law, and the rule of law. This principle basically requires the protection of the rights of the suspects or defendants in terms of the substance of the law that regulates or the implementation, which in this case is not to be considered guilty during criminal justice process, equality before the law regarding the right to privacy that can only be limited, not removed from existence.</em>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Sidorova, Lyudmila Viktorovna, Idris Muhamatyunusovich Gilmanov, Muhamat Muhamatyunusovich Gilmanov, and Rustem Robertovich Magizov. "Analysis of separate aspects of legal proceedings related to the introduction of the code of the Kyrgyz Republic on infractions." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-C (December 30, 2020): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-c650p.265-270.

Full text
Abstract:
Since 1987, after the adoption by the Committee of Ministers of the European Council member states of the Recommendation n. 6 R (87) 18 "Concerning the simplification of criminal justice", the legislators of most states began to introduce into their national legislation various simplified forms that allow achieving procedural savings and reduce time in the proceedings. Indeed, this path proposed by the international legislator allows the shortest way to solve the problem of reducing social tension in society. To solve this problem, it is also necessary to develop at a high level the procedural aspects of private prosecution in cases of misdemeanour. Especially heated discussions occur in the latter case around the question about the limits of the list of articles in this category.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fan, Mary D. "Body Cameras, Big Data, and Police Accountability." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 04 (2018): 1236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12354.

Full text
Abstract:
The increase in data from police-worn body cameras can illuminate formerly opaque practices. This article discusses using audiovisual big data from police-worn body cameras, citizen recordings, and other sources to address blind spots in police oversight. Based on body camera policies in America's largest cities, it discusses two possible roadblocks: (1) data retention and deletion, and (2) limits on use for evaluation and discipline. Although recordings are retained for criminal prosecutions, retention for oversight and accountability is overlooked or is contentious. Some departments have no policy on videos concerning civil suits against the police. The retention time for non-evidentiary recordings is also much shorter. Some policies limit their use for evaluation and discipline. Transactional myopia—seeing at the case rather than the systemic level—leads to a focus on specific footage for particular cases, rather than the potential of aggregated body camera big data to reveal important systemic information and to prevent the escalation of problems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

Roth, Stéphanie. "Clandestinité et prescription de l'action publique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061930.

Full text
Abstract:
La mise en œuvre de la prescription de l'action publique n'est pas, en principe, subordonnée à la connaissance de l'infraction par les personnes pouvant déclencher les poursuites pénales. Le législateur retient en effet comme point de départ du délai de prescription le jour de la commission des faits et non celui de leur découverte. Cette règle connaît toutefois une exception lorsque l'infraction est dite clandestine. Parce que le ministère public et la victime n'ont pas pu avoir connaissance de l'existence de cette infraction, la prescription ne court pas tant que les faits ne sont pas apparus et n'ont pu être constatés dans des conditions permettant l'exercice de l'action publique. L'exception de clandestinité empêche donc le temps de produire son effet destructeur sur l'action publique. Sa mise en œuvre évite ainsi que certaines infractions restent impunies par le seul jeu de l'écoulement du délai. S'il ne fait aucun doute que la clandestinité d'une infraction constitue un obstacle à la prescription de l'action publique, la notion même de clandestinité reste à circonscrire. Elle recouvre en effet, en droit positif, de multiples réalités qui rendent impossible sa systématisation. Aux termes de la recherche, il apparaît que le critère déterminant de la clandestinité consiste dans l'ignorance légitime de l'existence de l'infraction par les personnes habilitées à mettre en mouvement l'action publique. En application de l'adage contra non valentem agere non currit praescriptio, cette ignorance caractérisée devrait autoriser le report du point de départ de la prescription de l'action publique de toute infraction au jour où les faits peuvent être constatés par le ministère public ou par la personne lésée.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Neukirchen, Bernhard [Verfasser]. "Continuous time limit of repeated quantum observations / Bernhard Neukirchen." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122663315/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wen, Quan. "Limit-order completion time in the London stock market." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2239.

Full text
Abstract:
This study develops an econometric model of limit-order completion time using survival analysis. Time-to-completion for both buy and sell limit orders is estimated using tick-by-tick UK order data. The study investigates the explanatory power of variables that measure order characteristics and market conditions, such as the limitorder price, limit-order size, best bid-offer spread, and market volatility. The generic results show that limit-order completion time depends on some variables more than on others. This study also provides an investigation of how the dynamics of the market are incorporated into models of limit-order completion. The empirical results show that time-varying variables capture the state of an order book in a better way than static ones. Moreover, this study provides an examination of the prediction accuracy of the proposed models. In addition, this study provides an investigation of the intra-day pattern of order submission and time-of-day effects on limit-order completion time in the UK market. It provides evidence showing that limit orders placed in the afternoon period are expected to have the shortest completion times while orders placed in the mid-day period are expected to have the longest completion times, and the sensitivities of limit-order completion time to the explanatory variables vary over the trading day.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Johnson, Charles A. "Common relevant operational picture : an analysis of effects on the prosecution of time-critical targets." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6048.

Full text
Abstract:
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The conceptual template laid out in Joint Vision 2010 called for leveraging technological opportunities to achieve new and higher levels of effectiveness in a joint operating environment. Born out of this concept the U.S. Joint Forces Command developed a concept - the Common Relevant Operational Picture, or CROP. It is a presentation of timely, fused, accurate, assured and relevant information. The CROP concept addresses battlespace awareness, information transport and processing, combat identification and joint command and control - four of the six high priority challenges identified by the Joint Staff for the 21st century. This thesis investigates CROP, comparing and contrasting it to uncoordinated separate service systems in a time-critical targeting setting. The Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) used are the time to kill a target and the number of weapons expended. Previous work on this problem used an analytical model with some simplifying assumptions concerning processing time latency following target detection. In this thesis, a simulation is used to investigate the validity of some of the analytical model assumptions. The simulation also extends the model for more general command and control time distributions and models Battle Damage Assessment. The results provide distributional information about the MOEs, showing how improvements in information sharing and optimal weapons assignment due to CROP can improve systems performance. However, this improvement is lost if processing time latency under CROP is too long.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sera, Toru. "Functional limit theorem for occupation time processes of intermittent maps." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259719.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Klegrewe, Marc [Verfasser]. "Strong Coupling Lattice QCD in the Continuous Time Limit / Marc Klegrewe." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214806449/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Prasad, Rachit. "Time Spectral Adjoint Based Design for Flutter and Limit Cycle Oscillation Suppression." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98574.

Full text
Abstract:
When designing aircraft wings shapes, it is important to ensure that the flight envelope does not overlap with regions of flutter or Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO). A quick assessment of these dynamic aeroelastic for various design candidates is key to successful design. Flutter based design requires the sensitivity of flutter parameters to be known with the respect of design parameters. Traditionally, frequency domain based methods have been used to predict flutter characteristics and its sensitivity. However, this approach is only applicable for linear or linearized models and cannot be applied to systems undergoing LCO or other nonlinear effects. Though the time accurate approach can be implemented to overcome this problem, it is computationally expensive. Also, the unsteady adjoint formulation for sensitivity analysis, requires the state and adjoint variables to be stored at every time step, which prohibitively increases the memory requirement. In this work, these problems have been overcome by implementing a time spectral method based approach to compute flutter onset, LCOs and their design sensitivities in a computationally efficient manner. The time spectral based formulation approximates the solution as a discrete Fourier series and directly solves for the periodic steady state, leading to a steady formulation. This can lead to the time spectral approach to be faster than the time accurate approach. More importantly, the steady formulation of the time spectral method also eliminates the memory issues faced by the unsteady adjoint formulation. The time spectral based flutter/LCO prediction method was used to predict flutter and LCO characteristics of the AGARD 445.6 wing and pitch/plunge airfoil section with NACA 64A010 airfoil. Furthermore, the adjoint based sensitivity analysis was used to carry out aerodynamic shape optimization, with an objective of maximizing the flutter velocity with and without constraints on the drag coefficient. The resulting designs show significant increase in the flutter velocity and the corresponding LCO velocity profile. The resulting airfoils display a greater sensitivity to the transonic shock which in turn leads to greater aerodynamic damping and hence leading to an increase in flutter velocity.
Doctor of Philosophy
When designing aircrafts, dynamic aeroelastic effects such as flutter onset and Limit Cycle Oscillations need to considered. At low enough flight speeds, any vibrations arising in the aircraft structure are damped out by the airflow. However, beyond a certain flight speed, instead of damping out the vibrations, the airflow accentuates these vibrations. This is known as flutter and it can lead to catastrophic structural failure. Hence, during the aircraft design phase, it must be ensured that the aircraft would not experience flutter during the flight conditions. One of the contribution of this work has been to come up with a fast and accurate method to predict flutter using computational modelling. Depending on the scenario, it is also possible that during flutter, the vibrations in the structure increase to a certain amplitude before leveling off due to interaction of non-linear physics. This condition is known as limit cycle oscillation. While they can arise due to different kinds of non-linearities, in this work the focus has been on aerodynamic non-linearities arising from shocks in transonic flight conditions. While limit cycle oscillations are undesirable as they can cause structural fatigue, they can also save the aircraft from imminent structural fracture and hence it is important to accurately predict them as well. The main advantage of the method developed in this work is that the same method can be used to predict both the flutter onset condition and limit cycle oscillations. This is a novel development as most of the traditional approaches in dynamic aeroelasticity cannot predict both the effects. The developed flutter/LCO prediction method has then been used in design with the goal of achieving superior flutter characteristics. In this study, the shape of the baseline airfoil is changed with the goal of increasing the flutter velocity. This enables the designed system to fly faster without addition of weight. Since the design has been carried out using gradient based optimization approach, an efficient way to compute the gradient needs to be used. Traditional approaches to compute the gradient, such as Finite Difference Method, have computational cost proportional to the number of design variables. This becomes a problem for shape design optimization, where a large number of design variables are required. This has been overcome by developing an adjoint based sensitivity analysis method. The main advantage of the adjoint based sensitivity analysis is that it its computational cost is independent of the number of design variables, and hence a large number of design variables can be accommodated. The developed flutter/LCO prediction and adjoint based sensitivity analysis framework was used to carry out shape design for a pitch/plunge airfoil section. The objective of the design process was to maximize the flutter onset velocity with and without constraints on drag. The resulting optimized airfoils showed significant increase in the flutter velocity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hörnedal, Niklas. "Generalizations of the Mandelstam-Tamm Quantum Speed Limit." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193265.

Full text
Abstract:
Quantum speed limits are lower bounds on the evolution time for quantum systems. In this thesis, we consider closed quantum systems. We investigate how different principal bundles offers a geometrical method for obtaining generalizations of the Mandelstam-Tamm quantum speed limit for mixed states. We look at three different principal bundles from which we derive two already known quantum speed limits, the Uhlmann and Andersson QSLs, and one which is new, the Grassmann QSL. We also investigate the tightness of these quantum speed limits and how they compare with each other.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Caldwell, Thomas S. Jr. "First limit from a surface run of a 10 liter Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51605.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-37).
A 10 liter prototype Dark Matter Time Projection Chamber (DMTPC) is operated on the surface of the earth at 75 Torr using carbon-tetrafluoride (CF4) as a target material to obtain a 24.57 gram-day exposure. A limit is set on a likely dark matter candidate, the weakly interacting massive particle. This is the first limit from the DMTPC detector, and the goal is to understand the sensitivity of the detector. In addition, this detector is used to measure the mean energy and attenuation coefficient of electrons propagating in CF4.
by Thomas S. Caldwell, Jr.
S.B.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cunningham, Ryan. "EXAMINING DYNAMIC VARIABLE SPEED LIMIT STRATEGIES FOR THE REDUCTION OF REAL-TIME CRASH RISK ON FREEWAYS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3117.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent research at the University of Central Florida involving crashes on Interstate-4 in Orlando, Florida has led to the creation of new statistical models capable of determining the crash risk on the freeway (Abdel-Aty et al., 2004; 2005, Pande and Abdel-Aty, 2006). These models are able to calculate the rear-end and lane-change crash risks along the freeway in real-time through the use of static information at various locations along the freeway as well as the real-time traffic data obtained by loop detectors. Since these models use real-time traffic data, they are capable of calculating rear-end and lane-change crash risk values as the traffic flow conditions are changing on the freeway. The objective of this study is to examine the potential benefits of variable speed limit implementation techniques for reducing the crash risk along the freeway. Variable speed limits is an ITS strategy that is typically used upstream of a queue in order to reduce the effects of congestion. By lowering the speeds of the vehicles approaching a queue, more time is given for the queue to dissipate from the front before it continues to grow from the back. This study uses variable speed limit strategies in a corridor-wide attempt to reduce rear-end and lane-change crash risks where speed differences between upstream and downstream vehicles are high. The idea of homogeneous speed zones was also introduced in this study to determine the distance over which variable speed limits should be implemented from a station of interest. This is unique since it is the first time a dynamic distance has been considered for variable speed limit implementation. Several VSL strategies were found to successfully reduce the rear-end and lane-change crash risks at low-volume traffic conditions (60% and 80% loading conditions). In every case, the most successful treatments involved the lowering of upstream speed limits by 5 mph and the raising of downstream speed limits by 5 mph. In the free-flow condition (60% loading), the best treatments involved the more liberal threshold for defining homogeneous speed zones (5 mph) and the more liberal implementation distance (entire speed zone), as well as a minimum time period of 10 minutes. This treatment was actually shown to significantly reduce the network travel time by 0.8%. It was also shown that this particular implementation strategy (lowering upstream, raising downstream) is wholly resistant to the effects of crash migration in the 60% loading scenario. In the condition approaching congestion (80% loading), the best treatment again involved the more liberal threshold for homogeneous speed zones (5 mph), yet the more conservative implementation distance (half the speed zone), along with a minimum time period of 5 minutes. This particular treatment arose as the best due to its unique capability to resist the increasing effects of crash migration in the 80% loading scenario. It was shown that the treatments implementing over half the speed zone were more robust against crash migration than other treatments. The best treatment exemplified the greatest benefit in reduced sections and the greatest resistance to crash migration in other sections. In the 80% loading scenario, the best treatment increased the network travel time by less than 0.4%, which is deemed acceptable. No treatment was found to successfully reduce the rear-end and lane-change crash risks in the congested traffic condition (90% loading). This is attributed to the fact that, in the congested state, the speed of vehicles is subject to the surrounding traffic conditions and not to the posted speed limit. Therefore, changing the posted speed limit does not affect the speed of vehicles in a desirable manner. These conclusions agree with Dilmore (2005).
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Second Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation. Prosecution of offences (Youth cours time limits)(Revocation and transitional provision) regulations (S.I., 203, No.917): Monday 16 June 2003. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Arnold, L., and P. Kotelenez, eds. Stochastic Space—Time Models and Limit Theorems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5390-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Teachers, National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Women. Time for a limit: Time for action : briefing for members. Birmingham: NASUWT, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Trades Union Congress. Economic and Social Affairs Department. Pushed to the limit: The case for the European Union Working Time Directive. London: Trades Union Congress, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Branscomb, Anne W. Rogue computer program-- viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and time bombs: Prank, prowess, protection or prosecution? Cambridge, Mass: Program on Information Resources Policy, Harvard University, Center for Information Policy Research, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Cirillo, Tina. Effects of time limit pressure and gender on visual-spatial and verbal learning tasks. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gooden, Susan. Exceptions to the rule: The implementation of 24-month time-limit extensions in W-2. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corp., 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hirasuna, Donald. Identifying who might be subject to the 60-month time limit: Indications from Minnesota's AFDC population. St. Paul, MN (600 State Office Bldg., St. Paul 55155): Research Dept., Minnesota House of Representatives, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

5237 ve 5271 sayılı kanunlar ışığında şikâyet kurumu. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

(Ireland), National Crime Council. An examination of time intervals in the investigation and prosecution of murder and rape cases in Ireland from 2002 to 2004. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

Ploberger, Werner. "Central limit theorems." In Macroeconometrics and Time Series Analysis, 46–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230280830_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ploberger, Werner. "Functional central limit theorems." In Macroeconometrics and Time Series Analysis, 99–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230280830_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Grenholm, Cristina. "Beyond the limit of time." In Eschatology as Imagining the End, 132–45. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge new critical thinking in religion, theology, and biblical studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351060554-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Yun, Won Young, and Naoto Kaio. "Repair-Time Limit Replacement Policies." In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 101–21. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4971-2_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Das, Saitya Brata. "The Experience of the Limit–I." In Death, Time and the Other, 81–125. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1090-8_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Das, Saitya Brata. "The Experience of the Limit–II." In Death, Time and the Other, 127–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1090-8_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lee, Rachel C. "Should Parents Limit Kids' Screen Time?" In Take a Stand!, 25–31. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003238393-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Grigelionis, B., and R. Mikulevičius. "On the Functional Limit Theorems." In Stochastic Space—Time Models and Limit Theorems, 191–215. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5390-1_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Verhelst, N. D., H. H. F. M. Verstralen, and M. G. H. Jansen. "A Logistic Model for Time-Limit Tests." In Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory, 169–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2691-6_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Roskam, Edward E. "Models for Speed and Time-Limit Tests." In Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory, 187–208. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2691-6_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

Schulz, Sebastian A., D. Grassani, C. Ivan, S. J. Fabbri, J. Upham, R. W. Boyd, K. L. Tsakmakidis, and C. S. Bres. "Overcoming the time-bandwidth limit." In 2018 IEEE British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bicop.2018.8658316.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Aeschlimann, M. "Plasmonics at the Space-Time Limit." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2017.fm3h.2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Banyasz, C., and L. Keviczky. "Robust stability limit of time-delay systems." In Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1384717.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Balu, Radhakrishnan, Daniel Castillo, George Siopsis, and Christian Weedbrook. "Continuous-time limit of topological quantum walks." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Michael K. Rafailov. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2262596.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Epureanu, Bogdan. "Time-filtered limit cycle computation for aeroelastic systems." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4200.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Eisler, Zoltán, János Kertész, and Fabrizio Lillo. "The limit order book on different time scales." In SPIE Fourth International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by János Kertész, Stefan Bornholdt, and Rosario N. Mantegna. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.724817.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yan Yang and Haiyue Hu. "Team formation with time limit in social networks." In 2013 International Conference on Mechatronic Sciences, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2013.6885315.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ghayour, Kaveh, and Oktay Baysal. "Limit-cycle shape optimization using time-dependent transonic equation." In 14th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3375.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pieniezny, Andrzej. "Radar emission classification in time limit of signal observation." In 2008 International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2008.4585770.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jonsson, U. T. "A time-periodic sector condition for limit cycle robustness." In 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434255.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Time limit for prosecution"

1

HU TA. THE FLAMMABILITY ANALYSIS AND TIME TO REACH LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT CALCULATIONS ON THE WASTE EVAPORATION AT 242-A EVAPORATOR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919543.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Siegel, Dina Mary, David Abrams, John Hill, Steve Jahn, Phil Smith, and Kayla Thomas. A Practical Guide for Use Of Real Time Detection Systems For Worker Protection And Compliance With Occupational Exposure Limit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1512716.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wøien Meijer, Mari, and Alberto Giacometti. Nordic border communities in the time of COVID-19. Nordregio, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:3.2001-3876.

Full text
Abstract:
Re-building cross-border collaboration will be vital after the COVID-19 crisis to secure resilient border communities and Nordic collaboration. The measures to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus were disproportionally damaging for border communities. Healing the wounds inflicted on society, business and institutions demand coordinated actions at local, national, and Nordic levels. This policy brief gives a brief overview of the impact of border restrictions on border communities during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The social and economic implications of closed borders have exposed the fragility of Nordic co-operation. The ability of border areas to exist side-by-side in an integrated, seamless way corresponds to the Nordic vision of being the most integrated region in the world, but the situation that unfolded shows a different story.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

Full text
Abstract:
Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hart, Carl. Vibration survey of Room 47 with a laser doppler vibrometer : Main Laboratory Basement, U.S. Army ERDC-CRREL. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38919.

Full text
Abstract:
Plans are underway to create an acousto-optic laboratory on the campus of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. For this purpose, existing space in the basement of the Main Laboratory will be renovated. Demanding measurement techniques, such as interferometry, require a sufficiently quiet vibration environment (i.e., low vibration levels). As such, characterization of existing vibration conditions is necessary to determine vibration isolation requirements so that highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible. To this end, existing vibro-acoustic conditions were briefly surveyed in Room 47, a part of the future laboratory. The survey measured ambient noise and ambient vertical floor vibrations. The ambient vibration environment was characterized according to generic velocity criteria (VC), which are one-third octave band vibration limits. At the time of the survey, the ambient vibration environment fell under a VC-A designation, where the tolerance limit is 2000 μin/s across all one-third octave bands. Under this condition, highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible on a vibration-isolated working surface. The conclusion of this report provides isolation efficiency requirements that satisfy VC-E limits (125 μin/s), which are necessary for interferometric measurements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

Full text
Abstract:
Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.

Full text
Abstract:
The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wills, Gabrielle, Janeli Kotzé, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. A Sector Hanging in the Balance: Early Childhood Development and Lockdown in South Africa. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/055.

Full text
Abstract:
New evidence suggests that over four months after the closure of early childhood development (ECD) programmes on 18 March 2020, the ECD sector was likely to be operating at less than a quarter of its pre-lockdown levels. Of the 38 percent of respondents from the new NIDS-CRAM survey reporting that children aged 0-6 in their households had attended ECD programmes before the lockdown in March, only 12 percent indicated that children had returned to these programmes by mid-July, well after programmes were allowed to reopen. Using these findings, we estimate that just 13 percent of children aged 0-6 were attending ECD programmes by mid-July to mid-August compared to 47 percent in 2018. The last time that ECD attendance rates were as low as this was in the early 2000s. At this point it is not yet clear what proportion of these declines are only temporary, or whether there will be a lasting impact on ECD enrolment in the country. This dramatic contraction in the ECD sector relates to prohibitive costs to reopening ‘safely’ imposed by the regulatory environment, coupled with shocks to the demand side for ECD programmes (both in terms of reduced household incomes and parent fears of children contracting COVID-19). When viewed from a broader socio-economic lens, the threat of ECD programme closures across the nation will have impacts beyond ECD operators to the lives of millions of children, millions of households and millions of adults who rely on these ECD services. A swift intervention by government is necessary to save this important sector and limit the ripple effect of programme closures on multiple layers of society.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Carrasquilla-Barrera, Alberto, Arturo José Galindo-Andrade, Gerardo Hernández-Correa, Ana Fernanda Maiguashca-Olano, Carolina Soto, Roberto Steiner-Sampedro, and Juan José Echavarría-Soto. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.07-2020.

Full text
Abstract:
In Colombia, as well as in the rest of the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged the health and well-being of the people. In order to limit the damage, local and national authorities have had to order large sectors of the population to be confined at their homes for long periods of time. An inevitable consequence of isolation has been the collapse of economic activity, expenditure, and employment, a phenomenon that has hit many countries of the world affected by the disease. It is an unprecedented crisis in modern times, not so much for its intensity (which is undoubtedly immense), but because its origin is not economic. That is what makes it so unpredictable and difficult to manage. Naturally, its economic consequences are enormous. Governments and central banks from all over the world are struggling to mitigate them, but the final solution is not in the hands of the economic authorities. Only science can provide a way out. In the meantime, the economic indicators in Colombia and in the rest of the world cause concern. The output falls, the massive loss of jobs, and the closure of businesses of all sizes have become daily news. Added to this, there is the deterioration in global financial conditions and the increase in the risk indicators. Financial volatility has increased and stock indexes have fallen. In the face of the lower global demand, export prices of raw materials have fallen, affecting the terms of trade for producing countries. Workers’ remittances have declined due to the increase of unemployment in developed countries. This crisis has also generated a strong reduction of global trade of goods and services, and effects on the global value chains. Central banks around the world have reacted decisively and quickly with strong liquidity injections and significant cuts to their interest rates. By mid-July, such determined response had succeeded to revert much of the initial deterioration in global financial conditions. The stock exchanges stopped their fall, and showed significant recovery in several countries. Risk premia, which at the beginning of the crisis took an unusual leap, recorded substantial corrections. Something similar happened with the volatility indexes of global financial markets, which exhibited significant improvement. Flexibilization of confinement measures in some economies, broad global liquidity, and fiscal policy measures have also contributed to improve global external financial conditions, albeit with indicators that still do not return to their pre-Covid levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Phillips, Jake. Understanding the impact of inspection on probation. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.05.2021.

Full text
Abstract:
This research sought to understand the impact of probation inspection on probation policy, practice and practitioners. This important but neglected area of study has significant ramifications because the Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation has considerable power to influence policy through its inspection regime and research activities. The study utilised a mixed methodological approach comprising observations of inspections and interviews with people who work in probation, the Inspectorate and external stakeholders. In total, 77 people were interviewed or took part in focus groups. Probation practitioners, managers and leaders were interviewed in the weeks after an inspection to find out how they experienced the process of inspection. Staff at HMI Probation were interviewed to understand what inspection is for and how it works. External stakeholders representing people from the voluntary sector, politics and other non-departmental bodies were interviewed to find out how they used the work of inspection in their own roles. Finally, leaders within the National Probation Service and Her Majesty’s Prisons and Probation Service were interviewed to see how inspection impacts on policy more broadly. The data were analysed thematically with five key themes being identified. Overall, participants were positive about the way inspection is carried out in the field of probation. The main findings are: 1. Inspection places a burden on practitioners and organisations. Practitioners talked about the anxiety that a looming inspection created and how management teams created additional pressures which were hard to cope with on top of already high workloads. Staff responsible for managing the inspection and with leadership positions talked about the amount of time the process of inspection took up. Importantly, inspection was seen to take people away from their day jobs and meant other priorities were side-lined, even if temporarily. However, the case interviews that practitioners take part in were seen as incredibly valuable exercises which gave staff the opportunity to reflect on their practice and receive positive feedback and validation for their work. 2. Providers said that the findings and conclusions from inspections were often accurate and, to some extent, unsurprising. However, they sometimes find it difficult to implement recommendations due to reports failing to take context into account. Negative reports have a serious impact on staff morale, especially for CRCs and there was concern about the impact of negative findings on a provider’s reputation. 3. External stakeholders value the work of the Inspectorate. The Inspectorate is seen to generate highly valid and meaningful data which stakeholders can use in their own roles. This can include pushing for policy reform or holding government to account from different perspectives. In particular, thematic inspections were seen to be useful here. 4. The regulatory landscape in probation is complex with an array of actors working to hold providers to account. When compared to other forms of regulation such as audit or contract management the Inspectorate was perceived positively due to its methodological approach as well as the way it reflects the values of probation itself. 5. Overall, the inspectorate appears to garner considerable legitimacy from those it inspects. This should, in theory, support the way it can impact on policy and practice. There are some areas for development here though such as more engagement with service users. While recognising that the Inspectorate has made a concerted effort to do this in the last two years participants all felt that more needs to be done to increase that trust between the inspectorate and service users. Overall, the Inspectorate was seen to be independent and 3 impartial although this belief was less prevalent amongst people in CRCs who argued that the Inspectorate has been biased towards supporting its own arguments around reversing the now failed policy of Transforming Rehabilitation. There was some debate amongst participants about how the Inspectorate could, or should, enforce compliance with its recommendations although most people were happy with the primarily relational way of encouraging compliance with sanctions for non-compliance being considered relatively unnecessary. To conclude, the work of the Inspectorate has a significant impact on probation policy, practice and practitioners. The majority of participants were positive about the process of inspection and the Inspectorate more broadly, notwithstanding some of the issues raised in the findings. There are some developments which the Inspectorate could consider to reduce the burden inspection places on providers and practitioners and enhance its impact such as amending the frequency of inspection, improving the feedback given to practitioners and providing more localised feedback, and working to reduce or limit perceptions of bias amongst people in CRCs. The Inspectorate could also do more to capture the impact it has on providers and practitioners – both positive and negative - through existing procedures that are in place such as post-case interview surveys and tracking the implementation of recommendations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Time limit for prosecution' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography