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1
Pochobradsky, Pavel. "Computerized system for time-motion analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26306.
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Regular participation in sports is a common practice among the general population. For cardiovascular fitness, the frequency, duration, intensity and mode of the activity must be appropriate for the individual to benefit from the activity. The benefits for cardiovascular fitness are questionable in sports involving high intensity intermittent exercise of short duration. In the past, the procedures for determination of the heart rate and the time-motion characteristics of an activity were cumbersome and time consuming, thus making application to sports an inconvenience. The purpose of this project was to develop a computer based system for matching heart rate data with time-motion characteristics. The system was tested using ice hockey and squash. Subjects were observed during activity. The heart rate data during the activity were collected using a Polar Vantage XL Heart Rate monitor set to record heart rate values in 5-second intervals. The duration and type of activity were entered in the computer in real time using a coding system. Program combined the time-motion analysis with the heart rates that were downloaded from the Polar heart rate monitor. The results were summarized as follows: (1) total time at each intensity level, (2) mean duration at each intensity level, and (3) mean heart rate at each intensity level. Output from the computer program was similar to manual calculations.
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McLaughlin, Elaine. "Children's recreational activity and health : a time-motion analysis study." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272338.
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de, Klerk Melissa. "Time Motion Analysis and Hip Abductor Strength Changes in Netball." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/415.
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Netball is the most popular sport among females in Australia, with an estimated one million registered players nation wide. Despite its popularity, there are limited published studies about the physical and biomechanical demands of netball. This thesis assessed the type and frequency of lateral and landing movements that occur during a netball game (Study 1), examined the validity and reliability of handheld dynamometry to measure hip abductor strength that has been shown to be associated with the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACL) injuries (Study 2), and investigated changes in hip abductor strength following a netball game (Study 3). In Study 1, the frequency of sidesteps, crossover cuts and lands during a netball game was analysed for five recorded netball games, and was compared across the five positional groups centre (C), wing attack (WA), wing defence (WD), goal attack (GA), and goal defence (GD). Average number of movements per game was 2668 of which C performed 27%, which was significantly (p < 0.05) greater compared with the other positions. Significantly (p < 0.05) more sidesteps and crossover cuts occurred at the small angle of cut (0°- 45°) compared to the large angle of cut (45° - 180°), and significantly (p < 0.05) more single leg lands occurred than double leg. Shuffles were used significantly (p < 0.01) more compared to all other lateral and landing movements. It was concluded that C performed significantly more lateral and landing movements, which may increase their level of fatigue and susceptibility to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Across all positions single leg landings occurred more often than double leg landings, and are known to increase loads on the knee. Although the majority of change of direction movements occurred at the smaller angle there was a considerable amount performed with the greater angle, which has also been related to increased knee loads. The reported information provides context on which playing positions may be more susceptible to non-contact knee injuries and which movements may increase fatigue with a presumed increased risk of non-contact knee injuries. Although more research is needed in this area, this information is important in developing training to decrease knee injury risk. In Study 2, nine women (18 - 29 years) performed three maximal isometric contractions of the hip abductors at 0°, 15° and 30° of hip abduction on an isokinetic dynamometer, and a handheld dynamometer attached to the isokinetic dynamometer. The correlation assessed by a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) between the dynamometers was high (r = 0.9) at 0°, low at 15° (r = 0.69) and absent at 30° (r = 0.12). Reliability of the handheld dynamometer based on intraclass correlation coefficient (R) was moderate for 0° (R = 0.80) and 30° (R = 0.88) but poor at 15° (R = 0.55) for within-day (1 h apart), and moderate for 0° (R = 0.89) and 15° (R = 0.76), and good at 30° (R = 0.96) for between-days (1 week apart). The coefficient of variation was less than 7% for all angles. The handheld dynamometer’s surface area was increased by modification, and validity and reliability were re-assessed using another 10 (19-28 years) women. The correlation between the dynamometers improved at 15° (r = 0.9) and 30° (r = 0.8), and the reliability was high at all angles (R > 0.9, CV = 5%). It was concluded that the handheld dynamometer with modification could be used to reliably measure hip abduction isometric strength at different angles. Study 3 investigated changes in maximum voluntary hip abductor isometric strength before, within 5 min and 10 min after a netball game using the modified handheld dynamometer for 30 recreational netball players (18 - 34 years). For each time point, two 3 s maximum contractions at 15° of hip abduction with a 60 s rest between contractions were measured. A Category Ratio 10 scale was used to assess rate of perceived exertion (RPE) 30 min after the game. Hip abduction strength decreased (p < 0.01) by 12.0 ± 7.4% from pre (20.9 ± 3.2 kg) to post game (18.4 ± 3.1 kg) and was still lower (p < 0.01) than baseline at 10 minutes post game (19.5 ± 3.5 kg). The average RPE was 4.5 ± 2.2, and a low correlation (r = 0.39, p < 0.01) was evident between RPE and the decrease in the strength immediately post-game. These results show that a netball game induces neuromuscular fatigue to the hip abductors, which could increase the risk of non-contact ACL injuries.
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Hong, Wee Pheng. "Physiological characteristics and time-motion analysis of young soccer players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1900.
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The majority of the literature on physiological testing and time-motion analysis (TMA) of soccer performance has been conducted on elite senior soccer players. Few TMA studies have focused on young soccer players and currently, there is nothing focusing on global positioning system (GPS) derived data in this cohort. This study aimed to assess in a group of youth soccer players, the reliability of the selected physiological variables, establish a physiological profile of essential performance characteristics, quantify match-related performance such as time motion characteristics, positional roles and physical demands, and examine the relationship between criterion measures acquired from physiological testing and GPS data during match-play. Thirty-four male outfield players (mean ± standard deviation; age 16.5 ± 1.1 years; height 175.2 ± 6.0 cm; weight 65.3 ± 7.2 kg) from three Premier Division 18s soccer teams in the Western Australia State League were recruited and split according to playing position; centre-backs (n=6), fullbacks (n=6), central midfielders (n=7), wide midfielders (n=8) and strikers (n=7). Test-retest reliability and the performance of physiological variables such as peak force, rate of force development (RFD), peak power, vertical jump (VJ) height, agility, aerobic endurance, sprint performance and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were established. The participants from each team were tracked by GPS (GPSports SPI Elite, ACT, Australia) over the entire playing time of four consecutive matches, and in total, GPS data was accumulated from twelve league games for TMA of soccer performance. All variables of the RFD, static jump (SJ), Soccer Specific Agility Test (SSAT), 20 m and 10 m sprint times, and percent sprint decrement of RSA (RSAdec), were associated with low intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values, suggesting poor test-retest reliability. No significant differences were revealed by one way repeated measures ANOVA for the mean performance of any of the physiological variables between playing positions with the exception of one criterion measure of the SSAT, while numerous significant main effects across positional groupings were found in the GPS data acquired during match-play (p < 0.05). Paired t tests identified a number of significant main effects among match-related performance between playing halves (p < 0.05). In addition, many large and moderate effect size (ES) values for performance measures between playing positions and halves were detected. Pearson product correlations were used to examine relationships with significant and strong inverse correlations evident between the variables of the 30 m sprint, RSA test and SSAT, and sprint performance during match-play (r = -0.506 to -0.644; p < 0.05). This study showed that the physiological profiles of essential performance characteristics for young soccer players were similar across playing positions. There were numerous significant main effects between playing positions and halves during match-play, and hence, position-specific testing and conditioning protocols may be efficacious in effectively preparing young soccer players for competition. More TMA studies of young soccer players using larger sample sizes are warranted to substantiate the findings of this study.
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Peddie, David L. (David Lee). "Time-motion analysis and heart rate telemetry of ice hockey play." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22617.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the intensity and duration of ice hockey play for six university hockey players (three forwards and three defencemen) and to compare them with the results to a similar study published in 1976. Comparisons of heart rate output and time-motion characteristics between forwards and defencemen were examined as well as differences in intensity between practices and games. The players performed at significantly lower intensity, had less playing time per shift, and had less playing time per game than the players in the 1976 study. Both investigations had similar bench times between shifts. The forwards had significantly different time-motion characteristics from the defencemen but similar playing time intensity. The intensity of games was higher than practices in terms of on-ice intensity but similar in terms of total time above a threshold intensity ($ geq$ 70% of HRmax).
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Kahn, Bradley. "Heart rate telemetry and time-motion analysis of ice hockey referees." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82259.
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Referees have a job to ensure a safe and fair playing environment. The purpose of this study was to quantify on-ice intensities (heart rate) and on-ice movements (forward or backwards skating or stationary) of referees during ice hockey games. 15 HC referees had their heart rates monitored and skating video taped throughout a 60 minute game. A treadmill run test was used to identify their peak heart rates and VO2. The dominant on-ice activity was forward skating followed by stationary then backwards skating. On average referees worked at 80% of their peak heart rate. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between period average heart rates and peak heart rates. The results suggest that referees generally work at an aerobic intensity with numerous anaerobic bursts interspersed throughout play. Knowledge about the intensity, frequency and amount of skating that occurs in each direction will help with the development of the athletic ability of referees.
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Brownridge, Adam Mark. "Real-time motion capture for analysis and presentation within virtual environments." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2014. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/326218/.
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This thesis describes motion capture methods with an application for real-time recording of extreme human movement. A wireless gyroscopic sensor based system is used to record and evaluate misalignments in ankle position of ballet dancers in a performance environment. Anatomic alignment has been shown to contribute to dance related injuries, and results of this work show that subtle variations in joint rotation can be clearly measured. The workflow has been developed to extract performance analysis data for fault detection in order to assist augmented feedback methods for the prevention of injury and improved performance. Infra-red depth sensing technology, commonly used in garment design, has been used to produce a representation of a scanned human subject and a workflow established to utilise this character avatar for animation using motion capture data. The process of presenting a visually acceptable representation of an overall performance in addition to the numerical evaluation of specific joint orientation provides a significant contribution to knowledge.
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Challis, Darren. "A time-motion, technical and tactical analysis of lightweight women's judo." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/703789/.
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Introduction: This study analysed lightweight women’s judo from three common aspects, time-motion, technical and tactical in order to develop a deeper understanding of the demands placed specifically on this population and whether they differ to others. This information may allow coaches to develop specific training for this population. Method: Analysing all the fights that included lightweight women in the 2010 and 2014 World Judo Championships, 251 athletes across 267 contests were analysed. Video was collected live and downloaded from youtube before being analysed in Sportscode Elite software and exported into Microsoft excel and SPSS for further analysis. Results: Lightweight women appear to have similar time-motion characteristics to previous research across all weight categories. Of the 2284 attacks Ippon-seoi-nage, Uchimata and Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi have the highest frequency but the most efficient throws are O-sotogari, Morote-seoi-nage and O-uchi-gari. The most prevalent and efficient category for Tachiwaza techniques was Ashi-waza and in Ne-waza it was Osaekomi-waza. The effects of laterality and handedness seen in previous research either does not apply to this population or its affects have diminished across judo. Discussion and conclusion: There are similarities between previous reports across weight categories and lightweight women’s judo for time-motion characteristics, types of technique used, category of techniques used, direction of attack, laterality and use of combinations. However, differences appear in the efficiency of counters with lightweight females being very effective at countering their opponents. The popularity of Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi should be closely considered by coaches and is likely to be an emerging theme across all weight categories. There is also significant difference in the data analysing the effect of laterality on performance with difference seeming to diminish, this may also be an emerging trend across all weight categories and possibly all sports. This research appears to be one of the first to tackle fatigue based upon elite level performance in judo and the first to categorise Shido’s by the offence and shows the larger number of offences are for passivity. There are also large discrepancies noted between this research and the IJF databases.
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Challis, Darren. "A time-motion, technical and tactical analysis of lightweight women's judo." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/703789/1/Challis_2017.pdf.
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Introduction: This study analysed lightweight women’s judo from three common aspects,
time-motion, technical and tactical in order to develop a deeper understanding of the demands
placed specifically on this population and whether they differ to others. This information may
allow coaches to develop specific training for this population.
Method: Analysing all the fights that included lightweight women in the 2010 and 2014 World
Judo Championships, 251 athletes across 267 contests were analysed. Video was collected
live and downloaded from youtube before being analysed in Sportscode Elite software and
exported into Microsoft excel and SPSS for further analysis.
Results: Lightweight women appear to have similar time-motion characteristics to previous
research across all weight categories. Of the 2284 attacks Ippon-seoi-nage, Uchimata and
Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi have the highest frequency but the most efficient throws are O-sotogari,
Morote-seoi-nage and O-uchi-gari. The most prevalent and efficient category for Tachiwaza
techniques was Ashi-waza and in Ne-waza it was Osaekomi-waza. The effects of
laterality and handedness seen in previous research either does not apply to this population
or its affects have diminished across judo.
Discussion and conclusion: There are similarities between previous reports across weight
categories and lightweight women’s judo for time-motion characteristics, types of technique
used, category of techniques used, direction of attack, laterality and use of combinations.
However, differences appear in the efficiency of counters with lightweight females being very
effective at countering their opponents. The popularity of Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi should be
closely considered by coaches and is likely to be an emerging theme across all weight
categories. There is also significant difference in the data analysing the effect of laterality on
performance with difference seeming to diminish, this may also be an emerging trend across
all weight categories and possibly all sports. This research appears to be one of the first to
tackle fatigue based upon elite level performance in judo and the first to categorise Shido’s by
the offence and shows the larger number of offences are for passivity. There are also large
discrepancies noted between this research and the IJF databases.
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Criton, Aline Laure. "An investigation of real time ultrasound Doppler techniques for tissue motion and deformation analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29080.
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The objective of this dissertation research is to develop new techniques based on Doppler ultrasound to investigate and visualize changes in tissue dynamic and deformation properties due to atherosclerosis in cardiac and vascular applications. A new technique, to correct for the Doppler angle dependency for tissue motion analysis has been developed. It is based on multiple ultrasound beams, and has been validated in vitro to study tissue dynamic properties. It can measure tissue velocity magnitude with low bias (5%) and standard deviation (10%), and tissue velocity orientation with a bias less then 5 degrees and a standard deviation below 5 degrees. A new Doppler based method, called strain rate, has also been developed and validated in vitro for the quantification of regional vessel or myocardial wall deformation. Strain rate is derived from the velocity information and can assess tissue deformation with an accuracy of 5% and a standard deviation less than 10%. Some examples of cardiac strain rate imaging have been gathered and are described in this thesis. Strain rate, as all Doppler based techniques, suffers from angle dependency limitation. A method to estimate one-component strain rate in any direction in the two-dimensional image not necessarily along the ultrasound beam has been developed. The method allows correcting for the strain rate bias along any user-defined direction. In vitro experiments have shown that qualitative two-component strain rate tensor can be derived. Two-component vector velocity from the moving tissue was acquired and two two-component strain rate images were derived. The images showed agreement with the expected deformation pattern.
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Alhloul, Saqer. "Performance analysis of variable multipath time delay effects generated by mobile motion on WCDMA systems." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494290.
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This thesis focuses on the effect of variable time delay of multipath components on WCDMA mobiles. Most of the existing research treats the time delay as a constant factor when testing the mobile performance under multipath fading condition. In this thesis, three variable time delay functions (birth-death, sinusoidal and linear) which are generated due to the end user mobility are suggested as possible variable time delay condition to be studied and their effect on mobile receivers to be analysed.
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Lewandowski, Michal. "Advanced non linear dimensionality reduction methods for multidimensional time series : applications to human motion analysis." Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20313/.
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This dissertation contributes to the state of the art in the field of pattern recognition and machine learning by advancing a family of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods. We start with the automatisation of spectral dimensionality reduction approaches in order to facilitate the usage of these techniques by scientists in various domains wherever there is a need to explore large volumes of multivariate data. Then, we focus on the crucial and open problem of modelling the intrinsic structure of multidimensional time series. Solutions to this outstanding scientific challenge would advance various branches of science from meteorology, biology, engineering to computer vision, wherever time is a key asset of high dimensional data. We introduce two different approaches to this complex problem, which are both derived from the proposed concept of introducing spatio-temporal constraints between time series. The first algorithm allows for an efficient deterministic parameterisation of multidimensional time series spaces, even in the presence of data variations, whereas the second one approximates an underlying distribution of such spaces in a generative manner. We evaluate our original contributions in the area of visual human motion analysis, especially in two major computer vision tasks, i. e. human body pose estimation and human action recognition from video. In particular, we propose two variants of temporally constrained human motion descriptors, which become a foundation of view independent action recognition frameworks, and demonstrate excellent robustness against style, view and speed variability in recognition of different kinds of motions. Performance analysis confirms the strength and potential of our contributions, which may benefit many domains beyond computer vision.
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Bensch, Robert [Verfasser], and Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Ronneberger. "Motion pattern analysis for biomedical applications : : quantitative comparisons in 2D and 3D time-lapse microscopy." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1162840153/34.
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Swatton, Rodney M. "Time-motion analysis and heart rate telemetry of rock wall and ropes course activities in children." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26332.
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The purpose of this study was to describe, using time motion analysis and heart rate telemetry, the intensity and movement characteristics in rock wall and ropes course activities. Twenty elementary school children were divided into high and low strength groups based on their performance of a 1 repetition maximal (1 RM) bench press test. Each student was required to complete the rock wall and ropes course circuit which consisted of 12 climbing related segments. Results revealed that the mean heart rate intensity for the entire circuit was 80.6% over a mean duration of 36 minutes 20 seconds. The high strength group had a lower mean heart rate and a shorter duration for the entire circuit. The correlation between predicted V02 max and total duration was moderate (r = $-$0.39), suggesting that aerobic fitness level influenced performance.
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Stockamp, Julia. "Establishing wide-scale mapping of vertical land motion with advanced DInSAR time series analysis in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9070/.
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With the large amount of free Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets that have been made available in recent years, wide-scale mapping of land surface displacements with differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) has become increasingly popular. It can provide a more comprehensive picture of the spatial distribution of vertical surface motion of an entire country and help identify areas of deformation on local and larger spatial scales. The key aim of this thesis is to assess the application of DInSAR for detection and wide-scale monitoring of vertical land motion in Scotland. This is the first attempt to produce a spatially continuous deformation map for the country, providing a nationwide means of investigating land motion due to different causes. The different vertical surface deformation phenomena that can be expected in Scotland are all rather subtle, with slow and low-magnitude motion characteristics. On the one hand, this includes signals from ‘soft’ land surface covers, such as the extensive peatlands that comprise more than 20% of the Scottish landmass. On the other hand, ‘hard’ surfaces, such as urban or exposed rock areas can show motions due to, for example, mining subsidence, neo-tectonic fault displacements or large-scale crustal motion associated with glacio-isostatic uplift. A limited precision of the explored SAR datasets and the presence of residual orbital and atmospheric artefacts, make it difficult to discern actual ground deformation signals from noise. Therefore, this thesis is of exploratory character to assess what can and cannot be detected. This study uses archived L-band ALOS PALSAR and C-band Envisat ASAR data to assess the possibilities of wide-scale mapping of vertical land motion in Scotland. Seven ALOS satellite tracks with 8-12 SAR epochs approximately between 11/12/2006 and 07/03/2011, as well as two Envisat tracks with 15 dates each between 05/11/2002 and 03/04/2007, spanning the country from north to south, were processed to form multi-temporal interferogram stacks. Since most of Scotland is of a rural nature, the Small Baseline InSAR technique (SBAS) is chosen to invert the interferograms into displacement time series and mean velocity maps. Before time series analysis is performed, a general assessment of the applicability of DInSAR in Scotland is made. Geometrical limitations as well as the quality of the SAR data in terms of interferometric coherence in the two frequency bands are evaluated. Foreshortening, layover and shadow do not pose any significant restrictions to large-scale DInSAR mapping across Scotland, especially in the Highlands. A detailed coherence study for L-band and C-band emphasizes the differences in mapping capabilities of both wavelengths. For ALOS, a Scotland-wide good coherence well above 0.2 can be achieved, which delivers a high density of ground measurement points. Even the wide-spread grassy surface covers in Scotland, such as dwarf shrub heath and acid grassland, lead to relatively high interferometric coherence over longer temporal baselines of several months. With the applied Envisat data, C-band is only coherent on surfaces with stable properties, such as urban areas in the Midland Valley and rock platforms in the north of Scotland. Major limiting effects for SAR interferometry are image artefacts that are essentially a by-product of the SAR image acquisition process and subsequent interferometric procedure. Orbital inaccuracies in the repeat-pass geometry, as well as temporally and spatially changing atmospheric conditions, are both well-known and frequently-researched DInSAR problems. Different processing strategies are explored in this study in an attempt to reduce these artefacts and extract the ground deformation signals. For the correction of residual orbital effects, interferogram-based network techniques are tested and an extension proposed that enhances the quality of the corrected interferograms. This extended version introduces additional constraints to the estimation of the orbital planes by employing phase loop triplets. Atmospheric issues are addressed in a twofold manner. Tropospheric artefacts are corrected with High Resolution ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Zenith Total Delay maps, derived from Newcastle University’s GACOS (Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR) system. The ALOS data over Scotland, but also to a smaller extent the Envisat data, are significantly affected by ionospheric distortions. They are addressed with a statistical correction technique that was devised for this study and applies Principal Component Analysis to subsets of interferograms that share a mutual acquisition date. Five different processing strategies (A-E) are tested, each consisting of a different combination of these various image artefact correction methods. The optimal one is chosen for processing the entire SAR datasets over Scotland. The extensions to the different orbital and atmospheric correction techniques, that were devised here, are implemented into the SBAS time series processing chain within the in-house ‘InSAR TS+AEM’ software package, allowing them to be potentially used by other users in the InSAR community. In the final deformation results, the most obvious surface displacement signal that can be discerned with the evaluated ALOS and Envisat datasets is subsidence (in radar line-of-sight, LOS). This signal is consistent across extensive peatland areas. The detection of surface height changes in Scotland’s widespread peatlands has implications for a more comprehensive assessment of possible peat shrinkage and/or erosion and carbon losses. Within the Midland Valley, peatlands showed average subsidence trends of ca. 2.2 and 3.7 mm/yr for two ALOS scenes. Some time series extracted from peatland sites in that area indicated peat subsidence of 8 to 9 mm/yr. While in the Central Belt of Scotland these peat surfaces are spatially confined, they can make up much larger and continuous areas elsewhere, as in Sutherland and Caithness. Here again, the ALOS DInSAR measurements mostly indicate subsidence in LOS in the low mm-range. With the present datasets, it is not possible at this stage to achieve a precision that is good enough to detect underlying long-wavelength crustal deformation signals on a nationwide scale across the range of Scotland. On a more local scale, however, uplift signals in LOS are evident in the Envisat and ALOS datasets, though without more detailed (in situ) investigations, it is not possible to attribute this uplift definitively to a geophysical process. If it is associated with hard surface covers, such as exposed rock in the Northwest Highlands or man-made structures in the vicinity of some GPS stations, this upwards vertical motion might indicate a glacial rebound signal, if other motion factors can be neglected. On these surfaces, Envisat and ALOS data showed uplift rates in LOS of ca. 1-3.5 mm/yr. The precision of the derived deformation products is limited, i.e. areas that are seemingly reliable are intermixed with areas that contain too abundant remaining noise and artefacts. However, an uncertainty analysis and validation of the DInSAR data with independent adjacent and overlapping satellite tracks, as well as external continuous GPS data across Scotland is promising. Deformation trends between sensors and between independent tracks of the same sensor are mostly consistent and relatively low root mean squared errors between DInSAR deformation measurements and the assumed linear deformation model could be achieved.
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Dahal, Purna Prasad. "Dynamic Analysis of a Frame-Supported Elevated Water Tank." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1206.
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Elevated water tanks are widely used to store water for drinking as well as for fire extinguishing purposes. After a severe earthquake, the need of water for drinking as well as fire control will increase dramatically. To ensure that water tanks remain functional after an earthquake, proper analysis method should be followed in order to calculate the response of a structure for earthquake. In this study, the lateral forces developed during earthquake are investigated from commercially available SAP2000 software and the results are compared with the 2006 edition of the ACI standard "Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures and Commentary" (ACI 350.3-06). The elevated concrete tank is modeled for full, half-full and empty conditions. Linear modal time history analysis is performed using scaled ground motions. Three-directional ground motion records from five different earthquakes have been scaled to the design level and applied to the structure. Sloshing behavior of water inside the tank and the effect of vertical ground motion on the columns have been investigated. It is found that, vertical ground motions can increase the axial forces in columns by up to 20 %, and the ACI 350.3-06 design method is not always conservative. As seismic response depends on both the dynamic properties of the structure and the spectral characteristics of ground motions, more research is needed to understand and model the seismic response of elevated water tanks.
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Paulo, Gomes Neto Severino. "MARRT Pipeline: Pipeline for Markerless Augmented Reality Systems Based on Real-Time Structure from Motion." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2012.
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Previous issue date: 2009Atualmente, com o aumento do poder computacional e os estudos em usabilidade, sistemas de tempo real e foto-realismo, os requisitos de qualquer sistema de computador são mais complexos e sofisticados. Sistemas de Realidade Aumentada não são exceção em sua tentativa de resolver problemas da vida real do usuário com um nível reduzido de risco, tempo gasto ou complexidade de aprendizado. Tais sistemas podem ser classificados como baseados em marcadores ou livres de marcadores. O papel essencial da realidade aumentada sem marcadores é evitar o uso desnecessário e indesejável de marcadores nas aplicações. Para atender à demanda por tecnologias de realidade aumentada robustas e não-intrusivas, esta dissertação propõe uma cadeia de execução para o desenvolvimento de aplicações de realidade aumentada sem marcadores, especialmente baseadas na técnica de recuperação da estrutura a partir do movimento em tempo real
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Healy, Cori. "A King of Time and Motion: Richard Pryor and the Evolution of Modern Stand-Up Comedy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1550661597534988.
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Staub, David. "Time dependent cone-beam CT reconstruction via a motion model optimized with forward iterative projection matching." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3092.
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The purpose of this work is to present the development and validation of a novel method for reconstructing time-dependent, or 4D, cone-beam CT (4DCBCT) images. 4DCBCT can have a variety of applications in the radiotherapy of moving targets, such as lung tumors, including treatment planning, dose verification, and real time treatment adaptation. However, in its current incarnation it suffers from poor reconstruction quality and limited temporal resolution that may restrict its efficacy. Our algorithm remedies these issues by deforming a previously acquired high quality reference fan-beam CT (FBCT) to match the projection data in the 4DCBCT data-set, essentially creating a 3D animation of the moving patient anatomy. This approach combines the high image quality of the FBCT with the fine temporal resolution of the raw 4DCBCT projection data-set. Deformation of the reference CT is accomplished via a patient specific motion model. The motion model is constrained spatially using eigenvectors generated by a principal component analysis (PCA) of patient motion data, and is regularized in time using parametric functions of a patient breathing surrogate recorded simultaneously with 4DCBCT acquisition. The parametric motion model is constrained using forward iterative projection matching (FIPM), a scheme which iteratively alters model parameters until digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) cast through the deforming CT optimally match the projections in the raw 4DCBCT data-set. We term our method FIPM-PCA 4DCBCT. In developing our algorithm we proceed through three stages of development. In the first, we establish the mathematical groundwork for the algorithm and perform proof of concept testing on simulated data. In the second, we tune the algorithm for real world use; specifically we improve our DRR algorithm to achieve maximal realism by incorporating physical principles of image formation combined with empirical measurements of system properties. In the third stage we test our algorithm on actual patient data and evaluate its performance against gold standard and ground truth data-sets. In this phase we use our method to track the motion of an implanted fiducial marker and observe agreement with our gold standard data that is typically within a millimeter.
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JOB, MIRKO. "Development of a real-time classifier for the identification of the Sit-To-Stand motion pattern." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1049508.
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The Sit-to-Stand (STS) movement has significant importance in clinical practice, since it is an indicator of lower limb functionality. As an optimal trade-off between costs and accuracy, accelerometers have recently been used to synchronously recognise the STS transition in various Human Activity Recognition-based tasks. However, beyond the mere identification of the entire action, a major challenge remains the recognition of clinically relevant phases inside the STS motion pattern, due to the intrinsic variability of the movement. This work presents the development process of a deep-learning model aimed at recognising specific clinical valid phases in the STS, relying on a pool of 39 young and healthy participants performing the task under self-paced (SP) and controlled speed (CT). The movements were registered using a total of 6 inertial sensors, and the accelerometric data was labelised into four sequential STS phases according to the Ground Reaction Force profiles acquired through a force plate. The optimised architecture combined convolutional and recurrent neural networks into a hybrid approach and was able to correctly identify the four STS phases, both under SP and CT movements, relying on the single sensor placed on the chest. The overall accuracy estimate (median [95% confidence intervals]) for the hybrid architecture was 96.09 [95.37 - 96.56] in SP trials and 95.74 [95.39 – 96.21] in CT trials. Moreover, the prediction delays (≅33 ms) were compatible with the temporal characteristics of the dataset, sampled at 10 Hz (100 ms). These results support the implementation of the proposed model in the development of digital rehabilitation solutions able to synchronously recognise the STS movement pattern, with the aim of effectively evaluate and correct its execution.
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Wing, Christopher E. "Phases of play in Australian football: Analysis of running and technical match performance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2605.
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Australian Football (AF) matches consist of high and low intensity activities and specific periods of play. Previous research has identified maximum periods of high intensity using a rolling time frame approach. However, the development of a non-uniform analysis method may be more desirable in intermittent type sports. Additionally, there is a paucity of information within the published literature that describes how to use such data to improve training design and subsequent monitoring. Furthermore, the physical and technical characteristics of specific phases of play have been identified in recent research. However, these findings can be developed further by ascertaining the effect of playing position, field location and successful/ unsuccessful play. The impact of factors such as venue and a player’s physical capacity and the constraints these may have upon performance should also be systematically analysed.
The purpose of the present PhD research project, therefore, was to gain a greater understanding of the physical and technical demands of AF in specific phases of play, and how this data can be used to evaluate performance and inform training program design. To achieve this, six studies were included in the project to identify maximum periods of play using the ball in play (BiP) method, whilst additionally contextualising these time periods with key technical actions (e.g., kicks) (Study 1), the physical and technical demands of offence, defence, and contested phases of play, and how these outputs may be affected by playing position, successful and unsuccessful play, field location, environment and players’ physical capacity (Studies 3 and 5). Additionally, the intensity distribution was compared between competitive matches and small-sided games during training (Study 4). Based on this, position specific drills were established and running intensities in the drills were investigated (Study 6).
Study one ascertained the maximum running intensities of ball in play (BiP) periods, and contextualised these with technical (e.g., kicks) actions. The findings demonstrated that maximum BiP period intensity was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than that derived using whole match data methods for all measured metrics (relative distance high-speed running, very high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, high-intensity efforts, and acceleration efforts). However, no significant differences were found between playing positions. A technical action (e.g., a kick) was recorded in 21-48% of the maximum BiP periods, depending upon the primary microsensor technology metric assessed, with kicks and handballs constituting > 50% of all actions performed.
Study two uniquely assessed the impact of sudden rule changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 season) upon match running performance and injuries within AF. The total distance (ES=1.28), high-speed ( > 18 km/h) (ES=0.44) and very high-speed ( > 24 km/h) (ES=0.27) distances, PlayerLoadTM (ES=0.96), high-intensity efforts (ES=0.48), and accelerations (ES=0.33) were smaller (p ≤ 0.01) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. Expressed relative to playing time, distance (ES=-0.38), PlayerLoadTM (ES=-0.27), and acceleration efforts (ES=-0.50) were greater (p < 0.05) for the 2020 than the 2019 season. No significant differences in maximum ball-in-play periods nor the difference between the 1st and 4th quarters were evident. Injury rates remained similar between 2019 (3.36 per game) and 2020 (3.55 per game). However, the proportion of injuries that led to lost time (missed games) was greater for the 2020 (38%) than 2019 season (24%). The changes in the rules had a profound impact on player performance and increased the likelihood of time loss injuries.
Study three compared the physical and technical demands between offence, defence, and contested phases of play within playing positions (backs, forwards, and midfielders). Furthermore, study two ascertained the effect of field location upon offence, defence, and contested play, as well as making comparisons between successful and unsuccessful offence and defence. The results indicated that relative measures of distance, high-speed running, accelerations and decelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in defence versus offence and contested play for backs, and in offence versus defensive and contested play for forwards. Amongst midfielders, only relative measures of distance and high-speed running were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in offence versus defence and contested play, with no significant differences between phases for accelerations and decelerations. Successful offence was underpinned by greater physical and technical demands for midfielders and forwards, whereas the opposite was found for backs. Unsuccessful defence was largely categorised by increases in physical output, whereas tackles and marks were increased in successful defence. Larger field locations (e.g., full ground) recorded the highest distance and high-speed running per minute, however, no pattern was evident for acceleration or deceleration efforts relative to playing time. These findings demonstrate that phase of play (offence, defence, contested), as well as successful and unsuccessful phases have different physical and technical demands, which vary between playing positions and field location.
Study four compared the intensity distribution of BiP periods from competitive matches to the intensity distribution of SSGs in 10% intensity buckets, using maximum BiP periods as a reference point. Although few significant differences were noted between BiP periods from matches and SSGs, several players were unable to record the same percentage of efforts in the higher intensity buckets. Specifically, 25 of 67 players (37%) did not record any SSGs efforts within intensity buckets classified as ≥ 90% for relative distance. Additionally, 33 of 67 (49%) and 28 of 67 (42%) of players recorded no SSGs efforts in buckets classified as ≥ 80% for relative measures of high-speed running and acceleration efforts respectively. Therefore, SSGs are a sub-optimal training stimulus for the purpose of exposing all players in a team to the running intensities recorded in the most intense periods of play.
Study five examined the effect of both match (e.g., venue) and player (e.g., physical capacity, and playing experience) factors on the physical and technical performance of players in successful offence and defence, as well as maximum BiP periods. The main findings regarding match factors were highlighted during successful defence, where playing at home significantly reduced both distance and high-speed running relative to playing time (moderate effect size), as well as significantly increasing the rate of tackles (small effect size). During successful offence, 1-repetition maximum trap bar deadlift relative to body mass significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), and high-speed running (moderate effect size). During successful defence, increased performance (i.e., shorter time to completion) upon the two-kilometre time trial significantly increased relative distance (large effect size), high-speed running (large effect size), and acceleration efforts (moderate effect size). Additionally, increased two-kilometre time trial performance significantly increased relative distance and high-speed running within maximum BiP periods (both large effect size). Playing experience had a significant effect upon the rate of kicks and marks in successful offence, where those with moderate experience performed a greater amount (both moderate effect size). Furthermore, those with lower playing experience performed greater relative distance and high-speed running in maximum BiP periods (both moderate effect size).
Study six established position specific drills and assessed their utility to match or supersede the running intensities recorded during maximum BiP periods from competitive matches, whilst concurrently training the technical (e.g., kicks) actions commonly recorded in AF. Three drills were designed for this purpose, which included offence, defence, and a combination drill (where two players performed the drill at the same time, one as the forward and one as the back). All three training drills recorded significantly greater (p < 0.001) measures of distance, high and very high-speed running, and high-intensity efforts relative to playing time when compared to maximum BiP periods. Only the defence drill recorded significantly (p < 0.001) greater measures of PlayerLoadTM and accelerations relative to playing time than BiP periods. Conversely, accelerations per minute were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in BiP periods than those recorded during both the offence and combination drill. When comparing the drills to each other, all measured metrics were significantly (p < 0.001) greater for the defence drill when compared to the offence drill, whilst distance, high-speed running, PlayerLoadTM, and accelerations were significantly (p < 0.001) greater when compared to the combination drill. These findings demonstrate that a position specific drill may be an attractive addition to AF players training regimes where the aim is match, or supersede, the highest intensity periods derived from competitive matches whilst concurrently training technical aspects of performance.
The findings demonstrate that utilising discrete analysis methods (BiP, offence, defence, contested) can provide greater detail for practitioners concerning the physical and technical characteristics of AF matches. Additionally, these characteristics may be influenced by factors such as playing venue and a player’s levels of physical capacity. The data presented within the studies may be used to optimise representative training (e.g., SSGs) or a position specific drill may be integrated into training in order to expose players to the relevant physical and technical demands. Future research should explore additional features (e.g., change of direction, collisions, time to execute skill) that may enhance the application of position specific drills, as well as exploring if the uptake of such drills improves aspects of both physical (e.g., time trial performance) and match performance (e.g., running intensity, skill execution).
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Arekar, Chaitanya. "Real time analysis with development, simulation and validation of discrete element method models for tumbling mill charge motion and liner wear." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81524.
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Tumbling mills, which consume around 6% of world's electric power, though inefficient (use 1% of the supplied energy) have been used in mineral processing industry for over a century. Harsh internal mill environments have prevented the access to in-mill dynamics. This situation has led researchers to develop models based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to predict internal mill dynamics. But before DEM models can be used in the mineral processing industry, their rigorous validation is essential.In this thesis, we have carried out real time analysis of the DEM model to enable online availability of the mill parameters for the mill operators. We have completed rigorous validation of a DEM model based on nine mill parameters by comparing the predicted parameters under varying operating conditions of a 30" pilot mill and some simulated industrial mills. Further, we have also developed a simulator to predict the wear on the tumbling mill liner profile.
Results show that the charge motion simulator used is faster than real time. The validation exercise showed that improvements to charge motion are possible, liner wear prediction is feasible but affects real-time simulator behaviour. Based on these results, it is recommended to continue the improvement of the charge motion model as well as the liner wear model.
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Gunatilaka, Chamindu C. "Neonatal Airway Analysis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623165127485093.
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Wasza, Jakob [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Hornegger, Joachim [Gutachter] Hornegger, Paul [Gutachter] Keall, and Joachim [Gutachter] Denzler. "Real-time Respiratory Motion Analysis Using GPU-accelerated Range Imaging / Jakob Wasza ; Gutachter: Joachim Hornegger, Paul Keall, Joachim Denzler ; Betreuer: Joachim Hornegger." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200637488/34.
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Galin, Sanja. "Selection and Scaling of Seismic Excitations for Time-History Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20657.
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Time history-analyses of building structures have been used for a quite long time for research at universities. Considering the advantage of time-history analysis relative to the equivalent static force method, the National Building of Canada and other modern building codes around the world require the use of time-history analysis in the design of specified types of buildings located in seismic regions. One of the main issues in the use of time-history analysis is related to the selection and scaling of the seismic excitations (i.e., accelerograms) to be compatible with the design spectrum for the location considered. Currently, both recorded (i.e., “real”) accelerograms and artificial accelerograms are used in the analyses.
The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the selection and scaling of seismic excitations on the response of reinforced concrete frame buildings. Three reinforced concrete frame buildings with heights of 4 storey, 10 storey and 16 storey, designed for Vancouver (high seismic zone) were used in this study. Five sets of seismic excitations were used in the analysis – one set of “real” accelerograms, and four sets of artificial accelerograms obtained by different methods. All sets were scaled to be compatible with the design spectrum for Vancouver. Both linear and nonlinear time history analyses were conducted on the buildings considered. Interstorey drifts and storey shear forces were used as response parameters.
The results from the linear analysis show that both the interstorey drifts and the shear forces are affected significantly by the type of the excitation set. Similarly, the effects of the type of the seismic excitations on the drifts from nonlinear analysis are substantial. On the other hand, the influence of the excitation sets on the storey shears from nonlinear analysis are quite small.
Based on the results from this study, sets of scaled real records are preferred for use in time-history analysis of building structures. If such records are not available, then sets of simulated accelerograms based on the regional seismic characteristics should be used.
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Dogan, Gozde. "Development Of A 3-camera Vision System And The Saddle Motion Analysis Of Horses Via This System." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610877/index.pdf.
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One of the purposes of this study is to develop a vision system consisting of 3 inexpensive, commercial cameras. The system is intended to be used for tracking the motion of objects in a large calibration volume, typically 6.5 m. wide and 0.7 m. high. Hence, a mechanism is designed and constructed for the calibration of the cameras.
The second purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm, which can be used to obtain the kinematic data associated with a rigid body, using a vision system. Special filters are implemented in the algorithm to identify the 3 markers attached on the body. Optimal curves are fitted to the position data of the markers after smoothing the data appropriately. The outputs of the algorithm are the position, velocity and acceleration of any point (visible or invisible) on the body and the angular velocity and acceleration of the body. The singularities associated with the algorithm are also determined.
Using the vision setup and the developed algorithm for tracking the kinematics of a rigid body, the motions of the saddles of different horses are investigated for different gaits. Similarities and differences between horses and/or gaits are analyzed to lead to quantitative results. Using the limits induced by the whole body vibration of humans, for the first time in the world, daily, allowable riding time and riding distances are determined for different horses and gaits. Furthermore, novel, quantitative horse comfort indicators are proposed. Via the experiments performed, these indicators are shown to be consistent with the comfort assessment of experienced riders.
Finally, in order to implement the algorithms proposed in this study, a computer code is developed using MATLAB®.
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Antonini, Claudia. "Folded Variance Estimators for Stationary Time Series." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6931.
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This thesis is concerned with simulation output analysis. In particular, we are inter-
ested in estimating the variance parameter of a steady-state output process. The estimation
of the variance parameter has immediate applications in problems involving (i) the precision
of the sample mean as a point estimator for the steady-state mean and #956;X, and (ii) confidence
intervals for and #956;X. The thesis focuses on new variance estimators arising from Schrubens
method of standardized time series (STS). The main idea behind STS is to let such series
converge to Brownian bridge processes; then their properties are used to derive estimators
for the variance parameter. Following an idea from Shorack and Wellner, we study different
levels of folded Brownian bridges. A folded Brownian bridge is obtained from the standard
Brownian bridge process by folding it down the middle and then stretching it so that
it spans the interval [0,1]. We formulate the folded STS, and deduce a simplified expression
for it. Similarly, we define the weighted area under the folded Brownian bridge, and we
obtain its asymptotic properties and distribution. We study the square of the weighted area
under the folded STS (known as the folded area estimator ) and the weighted area under the
square of the folded STS (known as the folded Cram??von Mises, or CvM, estimator) as
estimators of the variance parameter of a stationary time series. In order to obtain results
on the bias of the estimators, we provide a complete finite-sample analysis based on the
mean-square error of the given estimators. Weights yielding first-order unbiased estimators
are found in the area and CvM cases. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to test
the efficacy of the new estimators on a test bed of stationary stochastic processes, including
the first-order moving average and autoregressive processes and the waiting time process in
a single-server Markovian queuing system.
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Abbott, Heather A. "Positional and Match Action Profiles of Elite Women’s Field Hockey Players in Relationship to the 2015 FIH Rule Changes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3092.
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The objective of this dissertation was to examine the action profiles of elite field hockey players in relationship to the 2015 FIH rule change. The following are major findings of the dissertation: The following are major findings of the dissertation: Study 1 – Relative action profiles before the rule change revealed that defenders work at a lower meter per minute (m/min) when compared with all other positions, and that forwards, midfielders, and screens perform similar m/min during a game. Examination of pre rule change difference from the 1st to the 2nd half play showed that elite level field hockey players are able maintain high-intensity actions in zone 6 throughout the game by increasing actions in zones 1 and 2, and decreasing actions in zones 4 and 5. Study 2 – Action profiles after the rule formatting change revealed the team was unable to match the percent of distance covered in zones 4 and 5 during the 1st quarter all in subsequent quarters. The low intensity actions in zone 1 and 2 gradually increased, while m/min gradually declined. However the percent of distance covered in zone 6 showed no statistically significant change. When positional differences were examined forwards covered the greatest percent of distance in zones 5 and 6, followed by midfielders, screens, and defenders. This pattern varies for zone 4, within which the midfielders possesses the greatest percent distance covered. 3 Study 3 – Relative action profile comparisons for the team, pre to post the 2015 rule change did not indicate a significant change in zones 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. However zone 1 experience a statistically significant decrease. Positional analysis showed statistically significant changes for midfielders only. The changes were a decrease in zone 1, and increase in zone 5 and 6 during the first half of the game, and decrease in zone 1 and m/min during the second half of the game. A major focus of the US Women’s National Team is to develop the athletes’ physical capacity to maintain and repeat high intensity actions. The combination of physical preparation and tactical strategies allow the team to express high m/min and numerous high intensity actions throughout a match.
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Cardwell, Kathryn. "The assessment of movement demands and neuromuscular fatigue in female softball players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2501.
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Softball has experienced an increase in worldwide popularity over the last 15 years, and it is expected to rise following the reinstatement of softball as an Olympic sport in 2021. Previous softball research has primarily focused on the biomechanical characteristics of its athletes. However, there is a current lack of research concerning the movement demands occurring in gameplay and the development of neuromuscular fatigue in softball players during sportspecific movements, training sessions, or in competition play. Prior research has demonstrated that a majority of power generated during a bat swing or overhand throw comes from the lower body, with the hip musculature playing an essential role in stabilisation and kinetic energy transmission. Understanding the development of neuromuscular fatigue, particularly in the hip musculature of softball athletes, will allow coaches and sport scientists to optimise training sessions, athlete monitoring techniques, and recovery methods. Accordingly, the overall aims of this thesis were to 1) describe the movement demands of female softball players during defensive and offensive gameplay, with a focus on the frequency and duration of movements occurring and differences between positional groups; 2) determine the reliability of the ForceFrame Hip Strength Testing System in assessing hip and shoulder strength of female softball players unaccustomed to isolated joint isometric measures; 3) assess changes in isometric hip strength in female softball players caused by a repeated batting protocol; and 4) compare changes in isometric strength of female softball players in training and game settings. The outcomes of this thesis will help to establish a description of the movement demands of softball games, which may optimise future softball training and recovery methods. Additionally, data gathered in this thesis will provide a solid foundation for conceptualising neuromuscular fatigue in softball players. These results will thus allow for a greater understanding of athlete preparation.
Study one determined that softball is primarily composed of low intensity activities, like standing or walking, with intermittent periods of high intensity activity (e.g. sprinting, bat swings, high intensity throws). The cumulative effect of these high intensity activities across game durations of two hours or greater, compact tournament schedules and environmental factors may amplify neuromuscular fatigue. Study two concluded that the ForceFrame was a reliable tool in assessing hip and shoulder isometric strength in female diamond-sport athletes, potentially providing sport scientists with a suitable alternative to handheld dynamometers in field-based isometric testing. Study three documented changes in electromyographic amplitude and median frequency, isometric hip strength, and batted ball velocity of female softball players during a repeated batting protocol. Results indicate repeated batting can lead to neuromuscular fatigue and underscores the importance of routine monitoring of softball players in settings with limited recovery. Results of study four demonstrated significant levels of fatigue following softball training and gameplay, as well as evidence of cumulative fatigue in softball players following several games during a multi-day tournament. The results of this study provide the groundwork for determining an appropriate balance between competition-level training and adequate recovery.
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Öberg, Andreas, and Martin Hulterström. "Semantic segmentation using convolutional neural networks to facilitate motion tracking of feet : For real-time analysis of perioperative microcirculation images in patients with critical limb thretening ischemia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för medicinsk teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176795.
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This thesis investigates the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) toperform semantic segmentation of feet during endovascular surgery in patientswith Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia (CLTI). It is currently being investigatedwhether objective assessment of perfusion can aid surgeons during endovascularsurgery. By segmenting feet, it is possible to perform automatic analysis of perfusion data which could give information about the impact of the surgery in specificRegions of Interest (ROIs). The CNN was developed in Python with a U-net architecture which has shownto be state of the art when it comes to medical image segmentation. An imageset containing approximately 78 000 images of feet and their ground truth segmentation was manually created from 11 videos taken during surgery, and onevideo taken on three healthy test subjects. All videos were captured with a MultiExposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (MELSCI) camera developed by Hultman et al. [1]. The best performing CNN was an ensemble model consisting of10 sub-models, each trained with different sets of training data. An ROI tracking algorithm was developed based on the Unet output, by takingadvantage of the simplicity of edge detection in binary images. The algorithmconverts images into point clouds and calculates a transformation between twopoint clouds with the use of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The resultis a system that perform automatic tracking of manually selected ROIs whichenables continuous measurement of perfusion in the ROIs during endovascularsurgery.
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Madison, Guy. "Functional modelling of the human timing mechanism." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5012-1/.
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Subedi, Arjun. "Effect of Multi-support Excitation on the Seismic Behavior of Single-pylon Cable-stayed Bridges." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1544.
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Cable-stayed bridges are popular these days in spite of their complexity in shape and design. Cable-stayed bridges are ideal for a navigational channel due to their high clearance and long central span. These types of bridges also possess advantages over suspension bridges, especially when local site conditions are not suitable for anchoring the towers. In most of the cases, cable-stayed bridges are self-supportive or require less anchorage. Although symmetrical cable-stayed bridges are dominant, asymmetrical bridges are also common as well due to ground layouts and other restrictions like economy, aesthetic purpose. Added counter weight and eccentricity of asymmetrical bridge may highly affect the response of the structure under earthquake loading. For the same length span bridge, the response of the asymmetric one may have an amplified response compared to the symmetric one with the same span length and also, may not follow any predictable trend. This study presents a multi-support analysis for four models, which are, 200 m symmetrical, 400 m symmetrical, 200 m asymmetrical and 400 m asymmetrical bridges. Ground motions has been recorded by using accelerometers. The recorded ground motion depends on the direction of the accelerometer. To remove this dependency, the principal components of each ground motion were found and used for the analysis and the models were excited in the transverse direction. The models were run under both multi-support excitation and identical-support excitation for displacement time-history analysis using SAP2000. Ratio of stresses and deflections were compared for the bridges with the same span length. According to this study, on 200 m asymmetrical bridge, multi-support excitation factored responses up to 4%, while on 400 m asymmetrical bridge, responses are factored up to 20% compared to the identical-support excitation. It is noted that responses of asymmetrical bridges are factored up making identical-support excitation non-conservative.
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Rodrigues, Ana Carolina de Mello Alves 1985. "Análise do desempenho muscular do quadríceps e dos isquiotibiais em função da série temporal e da amplitude de movimento de atletas amadoras de futsal feminino = Analysis of muscle performance of the quadriceps and hamstrings as a function of the times series and range of motion of amateurfemale futsal athletes." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275093.
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Orientador: Sérgio Augusto CunhaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: A análise do desempenho muscular por dinamometria hipocinética comumente utiliza-se de valores de torque máximo de quadríceps e isquiotibiais. Porém com a utilização dos valores de torque em função da amplitude de movimento, bem como o cálculo da potência e do desequilíbrio muscular desta maneira torna possível observar o comportamento muscular e a capacidade de estabilização do joelho ao longo de toda amplitude de movimento, e possibilita identificar amplitudes que há risco de lesão de LCA. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a série temporal da produção de torque do quadríceps e dos isquiotibiais e calcular a potência e o desequilíbrio muscular de atletas de futsal feminino em função do ciclo de movimento de flexão e extensão do joelho no membro dominante. A amostra foi composta de 19 atletas amadoras de futsal feminino, com idade média de 20 ± 2,83 anos. A avaliação consistiu em 2 série de 5 repetições máximas de extensão/flexão do joelho unilateral de forma concêntrica, em 2 velocidades angulares (180°·s-1 e 210°·s-1) através de um dinamômetro isocinético (Biodex System Pro4). As análises foram baseadas nos valores de torque e potencia do quadríceps e dos isquiotibiais em função da amplitude de movimento, e foram calculadas a razão entre essas musculaturas em função da amplitude de movimento. Foram comparados os valores de torque, potência e razão em função do ângulo do joelho, para ambas as velocidades através da ANOVA e teste de Tukey post hoc. As variáveis foram analisadas em rotinas de ambiente Matlab®, com o valor de significância de 5%. Os valores de torque e potencia do quadríceps apresentaram-se maiores de 40% a 80% do ciclo de movimento nas velocidades de 180°·s-1 e 210°·s-1 que corresponde aos ângulos de 50° a 70° de flexão do joelho. Os valores do torque dos isquiotibiais foram maiores de 80% a 100 % do ciclo, que corresponde aos ângulos de 70° a 80° de flexão do joelho em ambas as velocidades, enquanto que a potencia dos isquiotibiais foi constate até 70% do ciclo, com menores valores de 70% a 100% do ciclo, que corresponde aos ângulos de 65° a 80° de flexão do joelho. Com relação a razão em função do ciclo de movimento, 6 atletas apresentaram em algum instante do ciclo de movimento valores abaixo de 60% na velocidade de 180°·s-1, e 4 atletas a 210°·s-1. O estudo mostra que análise do torque, potência e razão ao longo do ciclo de movimento caracteriza melhor o desempenho muscular destas atletas e identifica desequilíbrios entre isquiotibiais e quadríceps que poderiam não ser encontrados com o método de análise convencional, além de fornecer informações sobre desempenho em ângulos específicos do movimento de flexão e extensão do joelho que podem ser utilizados no treinamento e reabilitação destes grupos musculares
Abstract: The analysis of the muscle performance by isokinetic dynamometry is commonly used by peak torque of quadriceps and hamstrings. However, with the use of the torque values as a function of the amplitude of motion, as well as the calculation of the power and muscle imbalance in this way makes it possible to observe the behavior and the ability muscular stabilization of the knee over the entire range of motion, and helps identify amplitudes there is risk of ACL injury. The aim of this study was to analyze the time series of the torque production of the quadriceps and hamstrings and calculate power and muscle imbalance of female soccer athletes due to the cycle of movement of flexion and knee extension limb dominant. The sample consisted of 19 athletes amateur futsal, mean age 20 ± 2.83 years. The evaluation consisted of two series of five repetitions maximum extension / flexion of the knee-sided concentrically in two angular velocities (180°·s-1 e 210°·s-1) using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System Pro4) . The analyzes were based on the values of torque and power of the quadriceps and hamstrings due to the range of motion, and we calculated the ratio of these muscles due to the range of motion. We compared the values of torque, power and reason as a function of knee angle for both speeds by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc. The variables were analyzed in Matlab ® routines, with the significance level of 5%. The values of torque and power of the quadriceps were higher than 40% to 80% of the cycle of motion at speeds of 180°·s-1 and 210°·s-1 which corresponds to angles of 50° to 70 ° of flexion knee. The hamstring torque values were greater than 80% to 100% duty cycle, corresponding to angles of 70° to 80° of knee flexion at both speeds, whereas the power hamstring muscles were finds up to 70% of the cycle, lower ratios of 70% to 100% duty cycle, corresponding to angles of 65° to 80° of knee flexion. Regarding the ratio as a function of the movement cycle 6 athletes had at some point in the movement cycle values below 60% at a rate of 180°·s-1 and athletes 4 at 210°·s-1. The study shows that analysis of the torque, power and reason throughout the movement cycle is a better muscle performance of athletes identifies imbalances between hamstring and quadriceps that could not be found with the conventional method of analysis, in addition to providing information about performance specific angles of flexion and extension of the knee that can be used in the training and rehabilitation of such muscle groups
Mestrado
Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte
Mestra em Educação Física
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Chitiboi, Teodora [Verfasser], Horst Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hahn, Lars [Gutachter] Linsen, Anja [Gutachter] Hennemuth, Michael [Gutachter] Markl, and Guido [Gutachter] Gerig. "Myocardium Segmentation and Motion Analysis from Time-varying Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Teodora Chitiboi ; Gutachter: Horst Karl Hahn, Lars Linsen, Anja Hennemuth, Michael Markl, Guido Gerig ; Betreuer: Horst Karl Hahn." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113875631/34.
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Struber, Lucas. "Développement d'un "kinésithérapeute embarqué" dans le but d'améliorer le traitement de la scoliose." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS044/document.
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Ces travaux avaient pour objectif la preuve de concept et le développement d’un dispositif embarqué sur un T-shirt visant à terme à se substituer au corset afin de pouvoir améliorer la prise en charge des patients scoliotiques. Il s’agissait d’orienter les soins de la scoliose vers un traitement permettant au patient de conserver l’ensemble de sa mobilité et de rééquilibrer l’activité des muscles de son tronc. Tout d’abord, une étude clinique comparative entre sujets sains, patients scoliotiques lombaires et patients scoliotiques thoraciques a été menée afin de mettre en évidence des différences cinématiques et posturales potentiellement corrigeables, à travers l’étude de mouvements simples standardisés. Ensuite, le dispositif baptisé « kinésithérapeute embarqué » a été développé. Son but est de détecter des anomalies cinématiques ou de mauvaises postures chez le patient afin de les lui signaler pour lui permettre une autocorrection de ses défauts. Le T-shirt permet alors une mesure précise des mouvements de l’utilisateur en temps-réel et sans dispositif externe, à l’aide de centrales inertielles. Deux feedbacks ont été conçus répondant à deux utilisations différentes, l’un vibro-tactile pour une correction posturale en ambulatoire au cours de la journée, et l’autre visuel permettant d’apprendre et d’entraîner des mouvements spécifiques lors de séances de kinésithérapie à domicileThe purpose of this thesis was the proof of concept and the development of an embedded device on a T-shirt aiming in the future to replace the brace for improving the medical care of scoliotic patients. The aim was to orient scoliosis care toward a treatment allowing a patient to keep his/her full mobility and rebalancing his trunk muscles. First, a comparative clinical study between healthy subjects, lumbar scoliotic patients and thoracic scoliotic patients was conducted in order to highlight kinematic and postural differences potentially correctable through the study of simple and standardized movements. Then, the so-called “embedded physiotherapist” device has been developed. Its aim is to detect patient’s kinematic singularities or bad postures and to alert him/her for an auto-correction of the defect. Thus, the T-shirt is able to accurately measure user’s motion in real-time and without any external device, using inertial measurement units. Two feedback have been designed for satisfying two different purposes, first a vibro-tactile one for postural corrections during the day, and a visual one allowing the user to learn and train specific motions during physiotherapy sessions at home
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Bayhan, Beyhan. "Buildings Under Recurring Near-field Earthquakes." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612424/index.pdf.
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Prior to this study, to our best knowledge, no cast-in-place, older-type RC building has ever been subjected to near-field strong ground motions from three major earthquakes. This happened in an indirect way in Turkey over a time span of eleven years. Three identical buildings belonging to Ministry of Public Works and Resettlement (MPWR) that had been built to the same design templates, experienced March 13th 1992 Erzincan earthquake in Erzincan, November 12th 1999 Düzce earthquake in Bolu and May 1st 2003 Bingö
l earthquake in Bingö
l, respectively. The ground motion sensor stations were fortuitously nearby in an adjacent single-story building in Bolu and Bingö
l. The station in Erzincan was in a single-story building about 2 km away from the case study building but we assume that the record applies to the building there. These three data represent characteristics of near-field ground motions and the distance of the sensor stations to the nearest fault trace was less than 10 km. The buildings sustained varying degrees of damage during the earthquakes and their damage survey was employed through site investigations. Given that the damage information, input motions, design drawings and material properties of the buildings are all known, this provided an opportunity to predict the structural damage to these buildings by proper modeling using the tools of current computational performance assessment procedures. In this circumstance, three dimensional (3D) analytical models of the MPWR buildings have been performed. Bi-directional excitations have been applied to the models by nonlinear time history analyses (NTHA). The results illustrate that NTHA are capable of indicating the occurrence of shear failure in captive columns
however, they overestimate the global damage level for all buildings. The overestimation is more significant in Erzincan case where the building sustained a pulse-type motion without significant distress.
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Kraak, Wilbur Julio. "Movement patterns and heart rate recordings of South African Rugby Union referees during actual match–play refereeing / Kraak W.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7366.
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Worldwide research regarding the movement patterns, heart rate recordings and work–to–rest ratios of rugby union referees is very limited. It is therefore very important to extend research regarding this topic. The first objective of this dissertation was to determine the frequency, duration and intensity of movement patterns and work–to–rest ratio of different refereeing panels of South African Rugby Union referees during match–refereeing at the National Club Rugby Championship in Stellenbosch during 2007. The second objective was to compare the two halves of the match with regard to the frequency, duration and intensity of the different movement patterns and the work–to–rest ratios of various of SARU referees during match–refereeing at the National Club Rugby Championship in Stellenbosch during 2007.
The South African Rugby Union referees were monitored during match–refereeing by means of video and heart rate recordings for a total of 16 matches within a week tournament. The frequency and duration of the different movement patterns during both halves of the matches were analysed using a Dartfish TeamPro analysis software package. Heart rates were recorded during the matches to determine the movement pattern intensities of the referees for the duration of each match using a Suunto Team pack heart rate monitoring system. The work–to–rest ratios were determined by comparing the time (in seconds) spent working (lateral movements and sprinting) to the time spent resting (standing still, walking and jogging).
The results revealed a moderate practical significant difference (d=0.51) between the mean frequency of jogging movement patterns for the different refereeing panels. A moderate practical significant difference was also found between the mean duration of jogging (d=0.43) and sprinting (d=0.43) movement patterns of different refereeing panels. The mean intensity of the movement patterns by the different refereeing panels showed large practical significant differences between the anaerobic threshold (d=3.68) and sub–threshold (d=1.36) levels and a moderate practical significant difference for the maximal heart rate zones (d=0.43). Both the provincial and contender panel referees had work–to–rest ratios of 1:4 during match–refereeing.
In comparing the two halves of rugby match–refereeing, a large practical significant difference was found between the mean frequency of movement pattern values for standing still (d=2.53), walking (d=2.50), jogging (d=2.42), lateral movements (d=2.86) and sprinting (d=1.31) as well as for mean duration of movement pattern values for standing still (d=2.05), lateral movements (d=0.76) and sprinting (d=0.77). Large practical significant difference were found between the time spent in the maximal threshold (d=2.07), anaerobic threshold (d=0.92) and sub–threshold (d=7.90) heart rate zones measured during the two halves of match–refereeing. Average work–to–rest ratios of 1:3.5 and 1:5 were found for the first and second halves of rugby match–refereeing, respectively.
The information gained regarding the activity profile of SARU referees could be used to determine the influence of rugby refereeing experience on the movement patterns and work–to–rest ratio of rugby referees. It can also provide information for constructing specific training programmes and drills in the development of rugby match–required fitness standards for referees. A key component of a rugby union referee’s game is positioning. Being in the right place at the right time is vital. The results of this study suggest that movements associated with positioning ? namely standing still, walking and lateral movements are the major components of the game of referees’ movement during match–refereeing. However, further research is required on this topic of research.Thesis (M.A. (Sport Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Tan, Frankie Hun Yau. "Applied physiology and game analysis of elite women's water polo." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0106.
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[Truncated abstract] Broadly, research literature on the physiological aspects of water polo game play is limited, but particularly so in the women's game. Moreover, significant changes to game rules in recent years are likely to have had an impact on the game demands. Therefore, this research project sought to investigate the physiological characteristics of contemporary elite female water polo players and the demands of match play. Overall, the five studies comprising this thesis aimed to improve the practical knowledge of coaches and sport scientists concerning the training and monitoring of players. Study one (Chapter 3) compared two water polo-specific field tests of aerobic and/or match fitness (MSST, multistage shuttle swim test; and WIST, water polo intermittent shuttle test) with a traditional incremental swimming test to exhaustion (IST, 5 x 200 m). Prior to this study, the physiological responses to the MSST and WIST were not well understood. Additionally, the degree of association between these two tests was unknown. Therefore, 14 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players performed the MSST and WIST, and 13 players from a National Water Polo League club performed the MSST, WIST and IST, on separate occasions. Peak heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for all tests. Expired air was collected post test for the National League players. The results showed that the National Squad players performed significantly better in the MSST (636 ± 114 vs. 437 ± 118 m, p < 0.001) and WIST (270 ± 117 vs. 115 ± 57 m, p < 0.001) than the National League players. ... Absolute decrement yielded TE of 0.55 s (-0.42-0.81), CV of 26.0% (19.3-41.0) and ICC of -0.002 (-0.44-0.44). Relative (%) decrement yielded TE of 1.6% (1.2-2.3), CV of 27.2% (20.1-42.9) and ICC of -0.02 (-0.46-0.42). Results indicate that total time was a reliable measure, whilst decrement was not. Similar to land-based RSA tests, total time should be the criterion measure of performance in the RST. The RST can form part of a specific battery of field tests for water polo, and can also be used as a conditioning tool. The final study (Chapter 7) was a nutritional-intervention study. Based on the time-motion data from study three, a 59-min match simulation test (MST) was designed to mimic the activity profiles and physical demands of water polo match play. Using a randomized cross-over double-blind design, 12 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players ingested 0.3 g·kg-1 of NaHCO3 or placebo, 90 min before performing the MST, which included 56 x 10-m maximal-sprint swims as the performance measure. Although pre-exercise ingestion of NaHCO3 was effective in enhancing extracellular pH and bicarbonate levels, the percentage difference in mean sprint times between trials showed no substantial effects of NaHCO3 (0.4; ±0.9%, effect size = 0.09; ±0.23, p = 0.51). The results suggest that elite water polo players should not expect enhancement in intermittent-sprint performance from NaHCO3 supplementation. These findings are contrary to previous NaHCO3 studies on simulated team-sport performance, but this investigation is unique in that it examined highly-trained athletes performing sport-specific tasks. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis add to the existing literature on the applied physiology of women's water polo. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from these findings will lead to more appropriate conditioning, testing and selection outcomes.
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Julio, Ursula Ferreira. "Aptidão física, ações técnicas e respostas fisiológicas durante a luta de judô." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-23112015-153000/.
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Considerando que a duração do combate de judô pode variar entre poucos segundos até um período superior a 5 min, a caracterização da demanda fisiológica do combate na sua duração regulamentar e fracionada, assim como a relação dessas respostas com o nível de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos atletas é relevante para o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de treinamento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a aptidão física, ações técnicas e respostas fisiológicas durante a luta de judô com diferentes durações. Para tanto, 12 atletas de judô foram submetidos a 10 sessões de avaliação. Nas duas primeiras sessões foram realizados quatro testes físicos para caracterização da aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia dos membros superiores e inferiores. Nas demais sessões, os atletas foram submetidos a 15 combates simulados de judô (3 condições x 5 durações - 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 min) com o mesmo oponente, em ordem aleatória e vendados quanto à duração do combate. Em uma das condições, os atletas simularam um combate real. Na segunda condição, os atletas lutaram usando um analisador de gases para mensurar o consumo de oxigênio, para a estimativa da contribuição dos sistemas de transferência de energia. Nessa condição foram impostas algumas adaptações de movimento. Para verificar se o uso do analisador de gases modificou as respostas obtidas, na terceira condição, os atletas lutaram com as mesmas adaptações, porém não usaram o equipamento. Em cada sessão foram conduzidos dois combates, intercalados por 60 min de recuperação. Foram quantificadas as respostas fisiológicas, perceptivas, de desempenho, de estrutura temporal e ações técnicas em todos combates. A comparação das variáveis dependentes foi realizada com uma análise de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas, seguida do post hoc de Bonferroni. As associações entre a aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia com as variáveis do combate foram verificadas por meio da correlação de Pearson. Para todas as comparações pareadas significantes foi calculado o tamanho do efeito (d de Cohen). Em todas as análises foi adotado 5% como nível de significância. Os principais resultados demonstraram aumento da contribuição aeróbia com concomitante redução da contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios com o transcorrer do combate, sendo a contribuição aeróbia superior à contribuição dos sistemas anaeróbios a partir do primeiro min de combate. O sistema anaeróbio lático contribuiu com a menor proporção do custo energético do combate de judô. As taxas de incremento das respostas fisiológicas e perceptivas por min de combate foram reduzidas com o transcorrer do combate, sendo as principais modificações observadas no início do combate, sugerindo que os atletas podem apresentar estratégia para modular seus esforços. Com o transcorrer do combate observou-se manutenção do tempo médio de esforço e ações aplicadas, porém houve aumento do tempo médio dos períodos de pausa. Após a realização do combate observou-se declínio da resistência muscular dinâmica dos membros superiores, manutenção da força isométrica máxima de preensão manual e melhora da potência muscular dos membros inferiores. As variáveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia relacionaram-se com menor queda do desempenho, maior taxa de golpes de perna e maior tempo médio de combate. Assim, observou-se predominância do sistema aeróbio para suprir a energia necessária para a realização do combate de judô. Além disso, maiores níveis de aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia estão associados positivamente com o desempenho durante a lutaConsidering that judo combat can last from a few seconds to up to more than 5 minutes, characterization of the physiological demands of combat in different time frames, and the relationship of these responses to an athlete\'s level of aerobic and anaerobic fitness is relevant to improving training methods. Thus, the objective of the present study was to describe the physiological demands of judo combat. Twelve judo athletes performed 10 experimental sessions. In the first and second sessions, four physical tests to characterize the aerobic and anaerobic fitness of the upper and lower limbs were performed. In the other sessions, the athletes performed 15 judo combat (involving 3 conditions x 5 durations of time: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes) randomly determined, against the same opponent, on different days and blinded for time duration. In one condition, the athletes simulated actual combat. In the second condition, the athletes fought while using a gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption in order to estimate the contribution of the energy systems. In this condition some motion adjustments were imposed. To verify if the use of the gas analyzer modified the responses obtained, in the third condition the athletes fought with the same adjustments, but did not use the equipment. These combat periods were divided into 8 sessions with two different conditions, separated by an interval of 60 minutes. The physiological, perceptual, performance, time-motion, and technical action responses were quantified in all matches. The comparison of the dependent variables was performed with an analysis of mixed models for repeated measures, followed by a post hoc Bonferroni. The associations between aerobic and anaerobic fitness to combat variables were verified using Pearson\'s correlation. For all significant pairwise comparisons the effect size (d Cohen) was calculated. A 5% level of significance was adopted for all analyses. The main results showed an increase in aerobic contribution with a concomitant reduction of the anaerobic contribution in the course of combat, given that the aerobic contribution was greater than the anaerobic contribution from the first minute of combat. The lactic anaerobic system contributed to the smaller proportion of energy cost in judo combat. The increment in rate of the physiological and perceptual responses per minute of combat decreased throughout the course of the combat, with the highest changes occurring at the beginning of combat, which suggest that judo athletes seem to modulate their effort. In the course of combat, maintenance of the average time of effort and actions occurred, but there was an increase in the average time of pause. After the combat, a decline in the dynamic strength endurance of the upper limbs was observed, while maximal isometric handgrip strength was maintained, and improvement of muscle power in the lower limbs was noted. The aerobic and anaerobic fitness variables were associated with lower fall performance, higher rate of leg attacks and a higher average time of standing combat. Thus, a predominance of the aerobic system in supplying the energy needed for the realization of judo combat was observed. In addition, higher levels of aerobic and anaerobic fitness are positively associated with performance during the combat
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Wang, Danling. "Multifractal characterisation and analysis of complex networks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48176/1/Danling_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
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Complex networks have been studied extensively due to their relevance to many real-world systems such as the world-wide web, the internet, biological and social systems. During the past two decades, studies of such networks in different fields have produced many significant results concerning their structures, topological properties, and dynamics. Three well-known properties of complex networks are scale-free degree distribution, small-world effect and self-similarity. The search for additional meaningful properties and the relationships among these properties is an active area of current research. This thesis investigates a newer aspect of complex networks, namely their multifractality, which is an extension of the concept of selfsimilarity. The first part of the thesis aims to confirm that the study of properties of complex networks can be expanded to a wider field including more complex weighted networks. Those real networks that have been shown to possess the self-similarity property in the existing literature are all unweighted networks. We use the proteinprotein interaction (PPI) networks as a key example to show that their weighted networks inherit the self-similarity from the original unweighted networks. Firstly, we confirm that the random sequential box-covering algorithm is an effective tool to compute the fractal dimension of complex networks. This is demonstrated on the Homo sapiens and E. coli PPI networks as well as their skeletons. Our results verify that the fractal dimension of the skeleton is smaller than that of the original network due to the shortest distance between nodes is larger in the skeleton, hence for a fixed box-size more boxes will be needed to cover the skeleton. Then we adopt the iterative scoring method to generate weighted PPI networks of five species, namely Homo sapiens, E. coli, yeast, C. elegans and Arabidopsis Thaliana. By using the random sequential box-covering algorithm, we calculate the fractal dimensions for both the original unweighted PPI networks and the generated weighted networks. The results show that self-similarity is still present in generated weighted PPI networks. This implication will be useful for our treatment of the networks in the third part of the thesis. The second part of the thesis aims to explore the multifractal behavior of different complex networks. Fractals such as the Cantor set, the Koch curve and the Sierspinski gasket are homogeneous since these fractals consist of a geometrical figure which repeats on an ever-reduced scale. Fractal analysis is a useful method for their study. However, real-world fractals are not homogeneous; there is rarely an identical motif repeated on all scales. Their singularity may vary on different subsets; implying that these objects are multifractal. Multifractal analysis is a useful way to systematically characterize the spatial heterogeneity of both theoretical and experimental fractal patterns. However, the tools for multifractal analysis of objects in Euclidean space are not suitable for complex networks. In this thesis, we propose a new box covering algorithm for multifractal analysis of complex networks. This algorithm is demonstrated in the computation of the generalized fractal dimensions of some theoretical networks, namely scale-free networks, small-world networks, random networks, and a kind of real networks, namely PPI networks of different species. Our main finding is the existence of multifractality in scale-free networks and PPI networks, while the multifractal behaviour is not confirmed for small-world networks and random networks. As another application, we generate gene interactions networks for patients and healthy people using the correlation coefficients between microarrays of different genes. Our results confirm the existence of multifractality in gene interactions networks. This multifractal analysis then provides a potentially useful tool for gene clustering and identification. The third part of the thesis aims to investigate the topological properties of networks constructed from time series. Characterizing complicated dynamics from time series is a fundamental problem of continuing interest in a wide variety of fields. Recent works indicate that complex network theory can be a powerful tool to analyse time series. Many existing methods for transforming time series into complex networks share a common feature: they define the connectivity of a complex network by the mutual proximity of different parts (e.g., individual states, state vectors, or cycles) of a single trajectory. In this thesis, we propose a new method to construct networks of time series: we define nodes by vectors of a certain length in the time series, and weight of edges between any two nodes by the Euclidean distance between the corresponding two vectors. We apply this method to build networks for fractional Brownian motions, whose long-range dependence is characterised by their Hurst exponent. We verify the validity of this method by showing that time series with stronger correlation, hence larger Hurst exponent, tend to have smaller fractal dimension, hence smoother sample paths. We then construct networks via the technique of horizontal visibility graph (HVG), which has been widely used recently. We confirm a known linear relationship between the Hurst exponent of fractional Brownian motion and the fractal dimension of the corresponding HVG network. In the first application, we apply our newly developed box-covering algorithm to calculate the generalized fractal dimensions of the HVG networks of fractional Brownian motions as well as those for binomial cascades and five bacterial genomes. The results confirm the monoscaling of fractional Brownian motion and the multifractality of the rest. As an additional application, we discuss the resilience of networks constructed from time series via two different approaches: visibility graph and horizontal visibility graph. Our finding is that the degree distribution of VG networks of fractional Brownian motions is scale-free (i.e., having a power law) meaning that one needs to destroy a large percentage of nodes before the network collapses into isolated parts; while for HVG networks of fractional Brownian motions, the degree distribution has exponential tails, implying that HVG networks would not survive the same kind of attack.
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Zhou, Zhengquan. "A theory and analysis of planing catamarans in calm and rough water." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,45.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--University of New Orleans, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering and Applied Science"--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Spencer, Matthew. "Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint bouts : specific to field-based team sports." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0120.
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This thesis comprises one review paper and five experimental studies, all of which are presented in the form of journal article submissions. These six research papers attempt to further our understanding of the physiological and metabolic requirements of repeated-sprint activity, specific to field-based team sports. Although coaches and sport scientists have suggested that repeated-sprint ability is an important fitness component of team sports, this area of investigation has only become more common in the past 10 years.
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Partsinevelos, Panayotis. "Detection and Generalization of Spatio-temporal Trajectories for Motion Imagery." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PartsinevelosP2002.pdf.
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Partzsch, Marian, Michael Beitelschmidt, and Michael M. Khonsari. "A method for correcting a moving heat source in analyses with coarse temporal discretization." Sage, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35380.
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The numerical simulation of a moving heat source from a fixed point observer is often done by discretely adjusting its position over the steps of a thermal transient analysis. The efficiency of these simulations is increased when using a coarse temporal discretization whilst maintaining the quality of results. One systematic error source is the rare update of a nonconstant moving heat source with regard to its magnitude and location. In this work, we present an analysis of the error and propose a correction approach based on conserving the specified heat from a continuous motion in analyses with large time-step sizes. Deficiencies associated with the correction in special motion situations are identified by means of performance studies and the approach is extended accordingly. The advantages of applying the proposed correction are demonstrated through examples.
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FERIOLI, DAVIDE. "PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS AND PHYSICAL MATCH ACTIVITIES IN BASKETBALL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/544033.
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Introduction: Players’ anthropometrical and physiological characteristics play a key role for basketball success. Despite several studies investigating the physical profile of basketball players of different competitive levels, geographical locations, gender and ages, the studies comparing anthropometrical and physiological characteristics, and their seasonal changes, among male adult players competing at different playing levels are still limited. In addition, data regarding activity demands of European adult basketball competitions at various competitive levels is yet unknown. The aims of this thesis are 1) to describe the physical profile of Italian adult male basketball players of different competitive levels across an entire basketball season and 2) to examine the differences in the activity demands of basketball games between different competitive levels.
Study 1: This investigation examined the anthropometrical and physiological differences in adult male basketball players of different competitive levels (from elite to amateur) and playing roles (Guards, Forwards and Centres) during the competitive phase of the season. Results revealed that a high force and power production and the ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent exercises should be considered as important characteristics for success in basketball and to compete at higher level. In addition, this study provided normative data of anthropometric and physiological characteristics of basketball players according to their playing positions.
Study 2: This study compared the training load indices and the changes in physical fitness between professional and semi-professional adult male basketball players during the preparation period. In addition, the relationships between training load indices and changes in physical fitness level were investigated. Professional players underwent a greater training load compared to semi-professional players, however, in some extent, similar physical fitness improvements were observed between the two groups. The results raise doubts on the effectiveness of using high training load and training volume during the preparation period to improve the physical fitness level of players.
Study 3: This study investigated the changes induced by the preparation period on selected neuromuscular variables (i.e. vertical jump and change of direction (COD) ability) among professional and semi-professional adult male basketball players. In addition, this research investigated the relationships between training load indices and changes in neuromuscular physical performance during the preparation period. The preparation period induced minimal changes in the CMJ, while the ability to sustain repeated COD efforts was improved. Reaching high training loads might partially and negatively affect the ability to produce strength and power.
Study 4: This investigation examined the differences among adult male basketball players of different competitive levels (from elite to amateur) and the changes over an entire basketball season of peripheral neuromuscular functions (PNF) of knee extensor muscles (KE) measured following a standardized repeated CODs exercises. Results demonstrate how elite and professional basketball players are characterized by better PNF and by less fatigue levels following repeated CODs runs compared to lower level counterparts. The majority of changes in PNF following CODs exercises occurs after the preparation period, when the KEs appear to be less fatigable.
Study 5: This study examined the changes in several physical fitness parameters of adult male basketball players of different competitive levels (from elite to semi-professional) over an entire basketball season. In general, the preparation period appears to minimally affect variables measured during vertical jump test but enhance the aerobic fitness and the ability to sustain high-intensity intermittent exercise. The changes in physical performance during the competitive phase of the season seem to be affected by the competitive level of play.
Study 6: This investigation examined the differences in the activity demands of official basketball games between different competitive levels (from elite to amateur) among a large sample of adult male players. The main results demonstrated different intermittent profiles among competitive levels, with elite players performing at increased high and moderate intensities and amateur players utilising longer recovery periods during competition. The game activity demands of professional and semi-professional players were similar. This study provided normative match activity data for Italian basketball tournaments.
Conclusion: This thesis provides insight into the activity demands of Italian basketball tournaments and the anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of basketball players across an entire basketball season, highlighting the differences among the various competitive levels of play. In addition, this thesis provides novel insight into the relationships between training load and changes in physical fitness in basketball.
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Tatlock, Melissa S. "From Titanic to Star Wars : a Derridean deconstructive analysis of the minimization of violence in the 25 top grossing films of all-time /." Halifax, N.S. : Saint Mary's University, 2009.
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Ha, Tai Pil. "Frequency and time domain motion and mooring analyses for a FPSO operating in deep water." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1306.
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An investigation on the motion responses of a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel moored in irregular waves has been carried out based on both frequency- and time-domain approaches. In the frequency-domain approach a three-dimensional panel method was employed in order to calculate the first-order hydrodynamic forces and moments such as added masses, potential damping and wave excitation forces and moments and of the resulting the first-order motions and mean second-order forces and moments on the vessel in six degrees of freedom behaviour. A spectral analysis was carried out in order to estimate both the significant and the extreme values of the first-order motions. Additionally Pinkster’s approximation was used to find the mean-square values of slow drift motions, in order to calculate wave-induced extreme excursions and the resulting tensions on the mooring lines of the vessel. Two different methods were used in the time-domain approach for undertaking a mooring analysis. One method used a fast practical time-domain technique that calculates the first-order motion responses in random waves based on the frequency-domain response amplitudes and simulated seas, and also solves the uncoupled second-order motion responses of the FPSO induced by second-order forces, based on Newman’s approximation in irregular seas. The other method is by solving six coupled equations of motion based retardation functions transformed from potential damping for the FPSO and induced by the first-order and second-order wave excitations in random seas. The results of the wave-induced extreme excursions and the mooring line tensions obtained by means of the frequency- and time-domain methods are compared and discussed. As the selected FPSO is operating in deep water, the effect of the mooring line inertia may be significant. The equations of motion of line dynamics were formulated and numerically solved to investigate the importance of line dynamics for deep water mooring. Comparisons between the results of the line tensions both with and without the effects of line dynamics are made and discussed.
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Frazier, Jacob L. "Validation of a Joint-Analysis Software, the Microsoft Kinect as a Real-Time Strength Training and Evaluation Tool." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492550081432507.
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Munro, Catherine. "Time motion analyses of one-day international and twenty/20 matches and the development of a simulated batting protocol specifically designed for female cricket players." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76342.
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Background: Accurate and reliable in-game data is fundamental when designing effective batting training. A simulated batting protocol that could aid research and training has not been specifically designed for female cricketers because of a distinct lack of empirical in-game data for the women’s version of the game. Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the motion demands and run-breakdown of a century and T20 half-century for women’s cricket matches to establish a simulated batting protocol specifically designed for female batters. Method: Time-motion analyses of four one-day international and six T20 innings were conducted on international cricket matches played around the world between 2012 and 2017. The innings was divided into the bowling and batting innings. The ODI innings that met the criterion of 100 runs scored and T20 innings with scores above 50 runs were used in the run breakdown, which included scores from the top 10 countries ranked by the ICC. The time-motion analyses and century breakdown were utilised in the establishment of a simulated batting protocol. The simulated batting protocol for female batters was created/developed by utilising the method designed by Houghton et al., (2011), who developed the BATEX© protocol. Results: The time-motion analyses indicated that the mean duration of an ODI innings was 169 minutes. An over lasted 2.45 minutes, with 24.86 seconds between each delivery and 55 seconds between each over. When the bowling side changed to a new bowler, it was 1.12 minutes between overs. The mean score for the first power play in an ODI was 41 runs with 1.38 wickets being taken. The mean score during the second power play was 28 runs with 0.714 wickets being taken. The T20 bowling innings lasted 75.50 minutes, with an over lasting 2.52 minutes with 25.58 seconds between deliveries. The mean score in the T20 batting innings was 122 runs. During the power play, which lasted 24.35 minutes, 37 runs were scored with 1.45 wickets being taken. The simulated batting innings was then designed as four stages lasting the duration of a typical women’s century. Each stage was based on theoretical phases of play that may occur during a batting innings. Conclusion: The study indicated that the women’s game has different movement requirements compared to the men’s game in both the ODI and T20 formats. Further, the demands differ depending on the country that is playing. A training and research protocol specifically designed for female batters is an important outcome.
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Mascaró, Oliver Miquel. "Expresión de emociones de alegría para personajes virtuales mediante la risa y la sonrisa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145970.
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La animación facial es uno de los tópicos todavía no resueltos tanto en el campo de la
interacción hombre máquina como en el de la informática gráfica. Las expresiones de
alegría asociadas a risa y sonrisa son por su significado e importancia, parte
fundamental de estos campos. En esta tesis se hace una aproximación a la
representación de los diferentes tipos de risa en animación facial a la vez que se
presenta un nuevo método capaz de reproducir todos estos tipos. El método se valida
mediante la recreación de secuencias cinematográficas y mediante la utilización de
bases de datos de expresiones faciales genéricas y específicas de sonrisa.
Adicionalmente se crea una base de datos propia que recopila los diferentes tipos de
risas clasificados y generados en este trabajo. De acuerdo a esta base de datos propia
se generan las expresiones más representativas de cada una de las risas y sonrisas consideradas en el estudio.L'animació facial és un dels tòpics encara no resolts tant en el camp de la interacció home màquina com en el de la informàtica gràfica. Les expressions d'alegria associades a riure i somriure són pel seu significat i importància, part fonamental d'aquests camps. En aquesta tesi es fa una aproximació a la representació dels diferents tipus de riure en animació facial alhora que es presenta un nou mètode capaç de reproduir tots aquests tipus. El mètode es valida mitjançant la recreació de seqüències cinematogràfiques i mitjançant la utilització de bases de dades d'expressions facials genèriques i específiques de somriure. Addicionalment es crea una base de dades pròpia que recull els diferents tipus de rialles classificats i generats en aquest treball. D'acord a aquesta base de dades pròpia es generen les expressions més representatives de cadascuna de les rialles i somriures considerades en l'estudi.
Nowadays, facial animation is one of the most relevant research topics still unresolved both in the field of human machine interaction and in the computer graphics. Expressions of joy associated with laughter and smiling are a key part of these fields mainly due to its meaning and importance. In this thesis an approach to the representation of different types of laughter in facial animation is done while a new method to reproduce all these types is proposed. The method is validated by recreating movie sequences and using databases of generic and specific facial smile expressions. Additionally, a proprietary database that lists the different types of classified and generated laughs in this work is created. According to this proprietary database the most representative of every smile expression considered in the study is generated.