Relevant bibliographies by topics / Time needed for making a decision

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Time needed for making a decision'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Tan, Jerry, Dawn Stacey, Benjamin Barankin, Robert Bissonnette, Wayne Gulliver, Harvey Lui, Neil Shear, and Shahid Bhatti. "Support Needed to Involve Psoriasis Patients in Treatment Decisions: Survey of Dermatologists." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 15, no. 4 (July 2011): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2011.10067.

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Background: Little is known about the interaction between dermatologists and their patients in facilitating treatment decisions for psoriasis. Purpose: Our objective was to determine dermatologists' perceptions of the needs of psoriasis patients in treatment decisions. Methods: Dermatologists were invited to complete an 18-item online survey on the treatment of psoriasis, including questions on decision-making roles, factors they considered important to patients in treatment decisions, and patients' needs for decision support. Results: Seventy dermatologists completed the survey (15% response rate). The highest rated factors in decision making were access to physicians for discussion (86%) and information about the risks and benefits (80%); the latter was more frequently reported by those ≥ 50 years ( p = .021). Treatment-specific factors of greatest importance were side-effect profile (87%) and cost (80%). Potential hindrances were patient misconceptions about disease, inadequate patient education materials, patient indecision, and inadequate physician time. Conclusion: Although dermatologists consider accessibility to dermatologists and information on treatment risk and benefits to be important in treatment decision making, they report time with patients and educational materials to be inadequate. Limitations: The small sample size may limit the generalizability of our findings.
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Ogilvie, Ryan, and Peter Carruthers. "Better tests of consciousness are needed, but skepticism about unconscious processes is unwarranted." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13000800.

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AbstractWhat people report is, at times, the best evidence we have for what they experience. Newell & Shanks (N&S) do a service for debates regarding the role of unconscious influences on decision making by offering some sound methodological recommendations. We doubt, however, that those recommendations go far enough. For even if people have knowledge of the factors that influence their decisions, it does not follow that such knowledge is conscious, and plays a causal role, at the time the decision is made. Moreover, N&S fail to demonstrate that unconscious thought plays no role at all in decision making. Indeed, such a claim is quite implausible. In making these points we comment on their discussion of the literature on expertise acquisition and the Iowa Gambling Task.
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Farsi, Jahangir Yadollahi, Pouria Nouri, and Abdolah Ahmadi Kafeshani. "Identifying Decision Making Biases in Entrepreneurial Opportunity Exploitation Decisions." International Business Research 9, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n5p158.

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<p>Opportunities are the core of entrepreneurial process. By identifying, evaluating and exploiting lucrative opportunities, not only do entrepreneurs make profits for themselves, they also propel their societies to prosperity. In order to exploit opportunities, entrepreneurs need to make various decisions based on their evaluation of opportunities as well as their own capabilities. Most of the time, theses decision are made under reverse circumstances rife with uncertainty, ambiguity, lack of needed resources as well as high time pressure. Thus, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities are prone to decision making biases. In order to test this hypothesis, this paper conducted a qualitative content analysis approach by interviewing 17 Iranian entrepreneurs. According to our findings, overconfidence, escalation of commitment, planning fallacy and illusion of control are the common decision making biases in entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities.</p>
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Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska, and Steven Lipson. "Medical Decision-Making around the Time of Death of Cognitively Impaired Nursing Home Residents: A Pilot Study." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 48, no. 2 (March 2004): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4j17-px0v-wq03-cgda.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the end-of-life process in the nursing home for three groups of cognitively–impaired nursing home residents: those who died with a medical decision-making process prior to death; those who died without such a decision-making process; and those who had a status–change event and a medical decision-making process, and did not die prior to data collection. Residents had experienced a medical status–change event within the 24 hours prior to data collection, and were unable to make their own decisions due to cognitive impairment. Data on the decision-making process during the event, including the type of event, the considerations used in making the decisions, and who was involved in making these decisions were collected from the residents' charts and through interviews with their physicians or nurse practitioners. When there was no decision-making process immediately prior to death, a decision-making process was usually reported to have occurred previously, with most decisions calling either for comfort care or limitation of care. When comparing those events leading to death with other status–change events, those who died were more likely to have suffered from troubled breathing than those who remained alive. Hospitalization was used only among those who survived, whereas diagnostic tests and comfort care were used more often with those who died. Those who died had more treatments considered and chosen than did those who remained alive. For half of those who died, physicians felt that they would have preferred less treatment for themselves if they were in the place of the decedents. The results represent preliminary data concerning decision-making processes surrounding death of the cognitively–impaired in the nursing home. Additional research is needed to elucidate the trends uncovered in this study.
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Yadav, Juhi, and Shalini Gupta. "New age issues in medical ethics - time to address." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210256.

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Medical technology advancements and understanding along with constricted resources in provision of care to the needed, has arised ethical dilemmas. These are associated with the necessity of making decisions dependent on conflicting priorities, in the absence of established polices about the choice of the decision maker and the guiding principles checklist. Varying values and ethical models conflict current code of medical ethics making it inadequate. This article summarises key issues in contemporary medical ethics and a special note of medical negligence.
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Hahlweg, Pola, Martin Härter, Yvonne Nestoriuc, and Isabelle Scholl. "How are decisions made in cancer care? A qualitative study using participant observation of current practice." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e016360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016360.

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ObjectivesShared decision-making has continuously gained importance over the last years. However, few studies have investigated the current state of shared decision-making implementation in routine cancer care. This study aimed to investigate how treatment decisions are made in routine cancer care and to explore barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making using an observational approach (three independent observers). Furthermore, the study aimed to extend the understanding of current decision-making processes beyond the dyadic physician–patient interaction.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study using participant observation with semistructured field notes, which were analysed using qualitative content analysis as described by Hsieh and Shannon.Setting and participantsField notes from participant observations were collected at n=54 outpatient consultations and during two 1-week-long observations at two inpatient wards in different clinics of one comprehensive cancer centre in Germany.ResultsMost of the time, either one physician alone or a group of physicians made the treatment decisions. Patients were seldom actively involved. Patients who were ‘active’ (ie, asked questions, demanded participation, opposed treatment recommendations) facilitated shared decision-making. Time pressure, frequent alternation of responsible physicians and poor coordination of care were the main observed barriers for shared decision-making. We found high variation in decision-making behaviour between different physicians as well as the same physician with different patients.ConclusionMost of the time physicians made the treatment decisions. Shared decision-making was very rarely implemented in current routine cancer care. The entire decision-making process was not observed to follow the principles of shared decision-making. However, some aspects of shared decision-making were occasionally incorporated. Individual as well as organisational factors were found to influence the degree of shared decision-making. If future routine cancer care wishes to follow the principles of shared decision-making, strategies are needed to foster shared decision-making in routine cancer care.
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Li, Wen-Chin. "The Investigation of Suitability of Aeronautical Decision-making Mnemonics in Tactical Environments." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 25 (September 2005): 2187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902515.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the suitability of ADM mnemonics for training decision making in cadet pilots. Sixty instructor pilots and forty-seven cadet pilots in the Republic of China Air Force Academy participated. They assessed the suitability of five different ADM mnemonics (SHOR -Wohl, 1981; PASS -Maher, 1989; FOR-DEC -Hormann, 1995; SOAR -Oldaker, 1995; and DESIDE - Murray, 1997) in the 6 different basic types of decision-making situation described by Orasanu (1993). These included go/no go decisions; recognition-primed decisions; response selection decisions; resource management decisions; non-diagnostic procedural decisions, and problem-solving. The findings indicated that SHOR was regarded as the most suitable mnemonic for application in time-limited and critical, urgent situations and DESIDE was thought to be superior for knowledge-based decisions which needed more comprehensive consideration but were less time limited.
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Hidayat, Moch Charis, and Abdul Wahab. "UTILIZATION OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7352.

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Purpose of Study: The undeniable fact that information at this time has been viewed as a very potential resource. Infor- mation is the only source needed by a leader of an educational institution. Information can be processed from other sources that are influenced by very complex organizations and owned computer devices. Methodology: Information processed using a computer can be used by an organizational leader and an individual with expertise as a means of communication and problem solving, as well as valuable information in the decision making the process. Results: In general from the results of research that researchers do indeed the combination of human resources and infor- mation technology applications that are tried to apply have been done. But this is not an easy matter, of course, depending on the focus of the development of management information systems individually sees the needs that are needed now. Implications/Applications: After studying and analyzing about the utilization of education management information sys- tem in decision making hence writer concludes that; first, decision making needs good information, second, irrelevant information will cause wrong judgment in making decision, third, the main basis of framework of information system utilization in taking decisions all information presented by the information system should be aimed at supporting certain phases of the decision-making process; fourth, the utilization framework of management information systems in decision making can also be used to assess an ongoing reporting system, fifth, decision making in education is an important part that should be done well by managers or other officials.
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Mertoguno, J. Sukarno. "Human Decision Making Model for Autonomic Cyber Systems." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 23, no. 06 (December 2014): 1460023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213014600239.

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Real-time autonomy is a key element for system which closes the loop between observation, interpretation, planning, and action, commonly found in UxV, robotics, smart vehicle technologies, automated industrial machineries, and autonomic computing. Real-time autonomic cyber system requires timely and accurate decision making and adaptive planning. Autonomic decision making understands its own state and the perceived state of its environment. It is capable of anticipating changes and future states and projecting the effects of actions into future states. Understanding of current state and the knowledge/model of the world are needed for extrapolating actions and deriving action plans. This position paper proposes a hybrid, statistical-formal approach toward achieving realtime autonomy.
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Anderson, Natalie Elizabeth, Julia Slark, and Merryn Gott. "Unlocking intuition and expertise: using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore clinical decision making." Journal of Research in Nursing 24, no. 1-2 (March 2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987118809528.

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Background Clinical decision making is a complex, but important, research area. Decision-making theories have evolved to recognise that, although heuristics and biases can lead to error, expert clinician decision makers can also use intuition to good effect. More research is needed to understand how nurses and other clinicians make sense of complexity and uncertainty. Aim This paper discusses the utility of interpretative phenomenological analysis to elucidate clinical decision making, expertise and intuition. Methods A narrative review of published interpretative phenomenological analysis studies exploring clinical decision-making, and discussion of an exemplar study. Results A limited number of interpretative phenomenological analysis studies have been published in this area. By seeking out descriptions of real-world decision making, interpretative phenomenological analysis research provides ecologically valid insights into what it is like to make time-critical, high-stakes decisions with limited information. Conclusion Contributing to the study of complex clinical decision making in combination with other research approaches, interpretative phenomenological analysis research has significant unrealised potential to inform education, assessment and support interventions and the development of clinical guidelines. Future applications could enhance understanding of multi-disciplinary decision-making and the development of expertise and intuition, over time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Bařina, Jakub. "Studie doby potřebné pro rozhled a rozhodnutí při dání přednosti v jízdě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233161.

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This thesis deals with detection and analysis of a time needed for getting an all-round view before entering other vehicle's corridor during different conditions and speed. In the theoretical part a brief research is made concerning the subject of causes of accidents, aspects of human perception and driver's outlook. The analytical part derives from video recordings of on-road trials. The results was processed and the obtained data evaluated in order to find out the time needed for getting an all-round and making a decision while situated in the intersection. Above that, the data served as a determination of safety during intersection passing and quality of estimates of speed and distance of incoming vehicles. The conclusion of the analytical part is dedicated to participants mutual comparison and analysis of particular situations that occurred during the trials.
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Johansson, Ingela. "When time matters : Patients’ and spouses’ experiences of suspected acute myocardial infarction in the pre-hospital phase." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6748.

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DeDonno, Michael Anthony. "Time Pressure and Decision Making." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1232579823.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009
Title from PDF (viewed on 26 May 2009) Includes abstract Department of Psychology Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Zhang, Xuemei. "Simulation-optimization in real-time decision making." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184619898.

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Joslyn, Susan Lyn. "Individual differences in time pressured decision making /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9086.

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Lowenthal, David K. 1968. "Fine-grain parallelism and run-time decision-making." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290596.

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While parallel programming is needed to solve large-scale scientific applications, it is more difficult than sequential programming. Programming parallel machines requires specifying what can execute concurrently, when and how processes communicate, and how data is placed in the memories of the processors. The challenge is to address these issues simply, portably, and efficiently. This dissertation presents the Filaments package, which provides fine-grain parallelism and a shared-memory programming model and makes extensive use of run-time decisions. Fine-grain parallelism and a shared-memory programming model simplify parallel programs by allowing the programmer or compiler to concentrate on the application and not the architecture of the target machine. This dissertation shows that this simpler programming model can be implemented with low overhead. Determining the best data placement at run time frees the programmer or compiler from this task and allows the placement to adapt to the particular application. The dissertation discusses the implementation of Adapt, a run-time data placement system, and compare its performance to static placements on three classes of applications. The performance of programs using Adapt is better than those using static data placements on adaptive applications such as particle simulation.
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Liu, Yuanyuan. "Individual decision making under ambiguity and over time." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESEC0006.

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Cette thèse traite du problème de la façon de prendre des décisions impliquant à la fois la temporisation et l'information ambiguë. Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres. Le chapitre 1 passe en revue une série d'études sur l'influence de l'ambiguïté et de la temporisation sur la prise de décision individuelle, et soulève deux questions de recherche de la thèse actuelle: 1) Est-ce que les préférences d'ambiguïté des décideurs sont différentes pour les perspectives résolues dans le présent et l'avenir? et 2) Est-ce que les préférences temporelles de décideurs diffèrent sous les récompenses ambiguës et non ambiguës? Les chapitres 2 et 3 sont deux essais indépendants qui traitent de ces deux questions, respectivement. Le premier essai examine les préférences d'ambiguïté sous la résolution actuelle et retardée à travers les probabilités basses et hautes. Les résultats des trois études montrent un effet d'interaction entre le temps de résolution et le niveau de probabilité. Sous résolution immédiate, nous constatons que les individus présentent l'aversion d'ambiguïté à des probabilités élevées et ambiguïté-recherche faible, ou l'indifférence à faibles probabilités, cohérentes avec la littérature antérieure. Toutefois, la résolution future régresse aversion et de comportement de recherché à la neutralité. S’appuyant sur la théorie du niveau de construal et la théorie de double-processus, nous attribuons cet effet d'interaction à la différence de styles de traitement pour les perspectives présentes et futures. Le deuxième essai démontre l'impact de récompenses futures ambigus sur les préférences intertemporelles. Six études montrent que, malgré le fait que les récompenses ambiguës et retardées sont généralement detestés séparément, ensemble, elles produisent un effet positif. C'est-à-dire que, les récompenses ambiguës futures sont plus susceptibles d'être préférés que les récompenses précises (avec les valeurs attendues égales) dans la prise de decision intertemporelle. Nous proposons l'hypothèse de l’eclipse (overshadowing) pour expliquer cet effet et excluons trois autres possibilités. Enfin, nous établissons des conditions aux limites en examinant systématiquement si l'effet persiste à différents niveaux d'ambiguïté et de points de temps
This dissertation addresses the issue of how to make decisions involving both time delay and ambiguous information. This dissertation is arranged into three chapters. Chapter 1 reviews a set of studies on the influence of ambiguity and time delay on individual decision making and raises two relevant research questions: (1) Are decision makers' ambiguity preferences different for prospects resolved in the present and the future?; and (2) Do decision makers' time preferences differ under ambiguous and unambiguous payoffs? Chapter 2 and 3 are two independent essays, each addressing one of the above questions. The first essay examines ambiguity preferences under present and delayed resolutions across low and high probabilities. Results of three studies show an interaction effect between resolution time and probability level. Under the immediate resolution, we find that individuals exhibit ambiguity aversion at high probabilities and weak ambiguity seeking or indifference at low probabilities, consistent with prior literature. However, delayed resolution regresses aversion and seeking behaviors to neutrality. Drawing on the construal level theory and the dual-process theory, we attribute this interaction effect to the difference in processing styles for present and future prospects. The second essay demonstrates the impact of ambiguous future payoffs on intertemporal preferences. Six studies show that, despite the fact that ambiguous and delayed payoffs are generally disliked separately, together they produce a positive effect. That is, ambiguous future payoffs are more likely to be preferred than precise payoffs (with equal expected values) in intertemporal decision-making. We propose the overshadowing hypothesis to explain this effect and rule out three other possibilities. Finally, we establish boundary conditions by systematically examining whether the effect persists at various ambiguity levels and time points
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Dickter, David N. "The role of time orientation in decision making under time pressure." Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1250528229.

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Dickter, David Nathan. "The role of time orientation in decision-making under time pressure /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946103565876.

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O'Dell, Nicholas West. "Decision-Making Ability Beliefs." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461084976.

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Books on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Whitmore, Paul G. How to make smart decisions about training: Save money, time, & frustration. Atlanta, Ga: CEP Press, 2002.

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Burstein, Frada, Patrick Brézillon, and Arkady Zaslavsky, eds. Supporting Real Time Decision-Making. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8.

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Linkov, Igor, Elizabeth Ferguson, and Victor S. Magar, eds. Real-Time and Deliberative Decision Making. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9026-4.

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Decision making for first-time managers. New York: Amacom, 1985.

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Kopeikina, Luda. The Right Decision Every Time. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 2007.

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Gollier, Christian. Collective investment decision making with heterogeneous time preferences. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Average Time Complexity of Decision Trees. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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The right decision: A mathematician reveals how the secrets of decision theory can help you make the right decision every time. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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The confident decision maker: How to make the right business and personal decisions every time. New York: W. Morrow, 1993.

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Crunch time: Eight steps to making the right decisions at the right time. New York: Gotham Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Ozenbas, Deniz, Michael S. Pagano, Robert A. Schwartz, and Bruce W. Weber. "Experiencing Market Dynamics with TraderEx: A Trading Decision-Making Simulation." In Classroom Companion: Business, 87–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74817-3_5.

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AbstractTrading education is vital for success in the securities and investments industry. Are apprenticeships and time on an institutional trading desk the only way to learn how to trade? Do you need to work with real orders and have real money at risk to gain experience interacting with the dynamic process of price formation? The answers are no and no. Trading simulations that are well-designed can create experiences with price discovery and impose the challenges of illiquidity in ways that replicate the learning accomplished (and pressures felt) on a real trading desk. With TraderEx, you will appreciate the complexity of trading and understand it as a distinct profession within the financial industry, even if it is not always thought of as such in business school curriculum.
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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Time preferences under certain expectations." In Rational Decision Making, 323–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_11.

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Daellenbach, Hans G., and Donald C. McNickle. "Decision making over time." In Management Science, 282–307. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80203-2_11.

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Daellenbach, Hans, Donald Mcnickle, and Shane Dye. "Decision making over time." In Management Science, 297–322. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07512-3_11.

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Einola, Suvi. "Making Sense of Strategic Decision Making." In Real-time Strategy and Business Intelligence, 149–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54846-3_8.

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Ammons, David N., and Dale J. Roenigk. "The time value of money." In Tools for Decision Making, 214–23. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003129431-21.

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Power, Daniel J. "Challenges of Real-Time Decision Support." In Supporting Real Time Decision-Making, 3–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8_1.

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Plotnick, Linda, Murray Turoff, and Connie White. "Partially Distributed Emergency Teams: Considerations of Decision Support for Virtual Communities of Practice." In Supporting Real Time Decision-Making, 203–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8_10.

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Carton, Fergal, Frederic Adam, and Patrick Brézillon. "Why Real-Time Transaction Processing Fails to Capture the Context Required for Decision Support." In Supporting Real Time Decision-Making, 221–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8_11.

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Baksa, Robert, and Murray Turoff. "Continuous Auditing as a Foundation for Real Time Decision Support: Implementation Challenges and Successes." In Supporting Real Time Decision-Making, 237–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Skyrius, Rimvydas. "Business Decision Making." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2368.

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Significant recent research in the decision support area has been concentrating on the human side of the person-technology relation. Knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and experiences have been researched in a number of works. The author has used individual interviews with business decision makers to find out their attitudes towards factors influencing the quality of business decisions. The issues discussed included features of actual right and wrong decisions, role of information sources and analytical tools, factors influencing creativity, and the role of information technology. The findings have shown that in the decision making process, available knowledge is used and new knowledge is created, and these processes are preferred to be supported by simple yet efficient support tools. The information environment surrounding business activities is getting increasingly complex. The important reasons for this complexity are: growing volumes of information of potential relevance to certain business activities; increasing number of sources of such information; and multiplying technologies for handling data and information. This is particularly true for decision making which has to encompass all relevant data, information and decision maker's knowledge to make quality decisions. Alongside with technologies for handling data and information, lately much attention has been given to knowledge management (KM) models and relations between data, information and knowledge. In knowledge-intensive activities, such as decision support, these relationships are important in terms of efficient utilisation of information resources, and especially those supported and facilitated by IT with its present capabilities. The aim of this paper is to take a look at the relations between data, information and knowledge in the context of managerial decision making, and professional learning and experience. These issues are discussed on the basis of surveys and interviews, conducted among small and medium enterprise (SME) decision makers in Lithuania in 1997-1999. The key questions of the survey have been: how important IT has become for management activities, regarding in the first place decision support, and how does it affect creativity and knowledge development. The synergy between technology and the user has been recognized to work in the areas such as using existing experiences and creating new ones on a problem and decision; working out the decision schema; stimulating creativity; capturing the details and specifics of the decision process for further uses. While IT is and can be efficiently used to manage data and information, the actual use of what is in decision support environment sometimes called stored knowledge - preprogrammed procedures for certain types of situations, sets of models, reusable queries - is rather limited. Instead, the survey has shown that decision makers prefer relatively simple tools and techniques that allow them to perform iterative buildup of decision support points towards a sufficient set to make a decision. Under a problem situation, existing practices are repeatedly tested. In the process, new associations and mental models may appear, expanding existing knowledge as well as creating new knowledge. The responses have shown that the presence of simple yet efficient decision support tools is welcome by the decision makers as having a potential to gain more with less - to provide more confidence and insurance from fatal decision mistakes, at the same time reducing the need to do extensive training, radically change existing beliefs or invest heavily into sophisticated technologies. In addition, such tools serve as support for managerial learning process and knowledge exchange, especially in the process of creativity stimulation where analogies, real-life and hypothetical situations, brainstorming and bias elimination techniques are used.
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Sissoko, Timothé M., Marija Jankovic, Christiaan J. J. Paredis, and Eric Landel. "An Empirical Study of a Decision-Making Process Supported by Simulation in the Automotive Industry." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86406.

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The design process can be considered as series of decisions supported by modeling and simulation (M&S). Current developments aim at supporting this decision making with regard to increasing resources committed in the M&S process. To understand possible decision support, we conducted an empirical study in a car manufacturing company to map out the decision-making process during the development phase. A qualitative data analysis was performed to understand the difficulties and the needs expressed by decision makers. Industrial preliminary observations have shown that decisions regarding design issues are often postponed, causing iterations, and time and cost overruns in the development process. The study revealed that decisions are escalated to upper hierarchical levels as complexity and uncertainty increase and as the tradeoffs become impactful. A lack of knowledge about the M&S performance and limits, a lack of clarity due to design ambiguity, and uncertainty are more likely to cause iterations and delay. In addition, decision makers and stakeholders are sometimes unadvised of the influence of the decision under consideration on subsequent decisions and on the profit. These findings are interesting as they shed light in terms of decision supported needed in the future.
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Crockett, Brian, and Kshitiz Kurrey. ""Smart Decision Making Needs Automated Analysis" Making sense out of big data in real-time." In SPE Intelligent Energy Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167879-ms.

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Ferna´ndez, Marco Gero, David W. Rosen, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "Digital Interfaces: The Key to Effective Decision-Making in Distributed Collaborative Design and Manufacturing." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34466.

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In product development, the interfaces between distinct phases of a design process are not well defined and largely misunderstood. The same ambiguity holds true for interactions among distributed stakeholders engaged in shared, concurrent design tasks. Such vagueness fosters poor communication, problematic changeovers, and hard-to-manufacture designs. Resulting design processes tend to be iterative and not only increase product development costs and extend time-to-market, but also ultimately impede collaboration. What is needed is the ability to propagate decision-critical, up-to-date information alongside design knowledge for both sequential and concurrent design tasks. This is particularly important for dependent and interdependent decisions that cannot be made in isolation. To address this need, digital interfaces are being developed as key components to successful collaboration in distributed design and manufacture applications. Such digital interfaces will constitute a means of communicating critical information and will address the need for allocating responsibility for decisions. The potential implementation of a digital interface is illustrated in an example focusing on the production of a functional prototype of a disposable camera spool.
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Herzog, Patricia Snell, Rahul Yadav, and Davide Bolchini. "Question-Generating Datasets: Facilitating Data Transformation of Official Statistics for Broad Citizenry Decision-Making." In CARMA 2020 - 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2020.2020.11602.

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Citizenry decision-making relies on data for informed actions, and official statistics provide many of the relevant data needed for these decisions. However, the wide, distributed, and diverse datasets available from official statistics remain hard to access, scrutinise and manipulate, especially for non-experts. As a result, the complexities involved in official statistical databases create barriers to broader access to these data, often rendering the data non-actionable or irrelevant for the speed at which decisions are made in social and public life. To address this problem, this paper proposes an approach to automatically generating basic, factual questions from an existing dataset of official statistics. The question generating process, now specifically instantiated for geospatial data, starts from a raw dataset and gradually builds toward formulating and presenting users with examples of questions that the dataset can answer, and for which geographic units. This approach exemplifies a novel paradigm of question-first data rendering, where questions, rather than data tables, are used as a human-centred and relevant access point to explore, manipulate, navigate and cross-link data to support decision making. This approach can automate time-consuming aspects of data transformation and facilitate broader access to data.
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Shergadwala, Murtuza N., Jitesh H. Panchal, and Karthik Ramani. "Students’ Decision-Making in a Product Design Process: An Observational Study." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98216.

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Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate students’ decision-making during the information gathering activities of a design process. Existing literature in engineering education has shown that students face difficulties while gathering information in various activities of a design process such as brainstorming and CAD modeling. Decision-making is an important aspect of these activities. While gathering information, students make several decisions such as what information to acquire and how to acquire that information. There lies a research gap in understanding how students make decisions while gathering information in a product design process. To address this gap, we conduct semi-structured interviews and surveys in a product design course. We analyze the students’ decision-making activities from the lens of a sequential information acquisition and decision-making (SIADM) framework. We find that the students recognize the need to acquire information about the physics and dynamics of their design artifact during the CAD modeling activity of the product design process. However, they do not acquire such information from their CAD models primarily due to the lack of the project requirements, their ability, and the time to do so. Instead, they acquire such information from the prototyping activity as their physical prototype does not satisfy their design objectives. However, the students do not get the opportunity to iterate their prototype with the given cost and time constraints. Consequently, they rely on improvising during prototyping. Based on our observations, we discuss the need for designing course project activities such that it facilitates students’ product design decisions.
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Hashemkhani Zolfani, Sarfaraz, Reza Maknoon, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "MADM AND FUTURES STUDIES; A NECESSITY." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.62.

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Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been developing in different methods, perspectives and frameworks since introducing step. Futures Studies as a specialized framework and methodology has introduced newer and has been always in developing phase too. MADM as a part of Multiple Criteria Decision Making is known as multi-disciplinary approach, framework and methodology. Nowadays, Futures Studies is also known as multi-disciplinary approach too. Basically, MADM is structured for a stable environment while most decisions need to be made, dynamically. Time is so much important especially in the new century in comparison with the past. Decisions making about future are usually so complicated and MADM can be helpful in that process. Importance of making future based decisions is undeniable in trying to answer to decision needs. This research will present a comprehensive review on the literature of MADM and new orientations in considering future in MADM models and necessity of them will be checked also carefully. Eventually, importance of seeing both MADM and Futures Studies together as a unit model will be discussed in this study.
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Narayanan, Anantha, Paul Witherell, Jae Hyun Lee, K. C. Morris, and Sudarsan Rachuri. "Identifying the Material Information Requirements for Sustainable Decision Making." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13284.

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Materials play a central role in product manufacturing, contributing to each phase of product development in the form of either a component or process material. As the product revolves around materials, so does much of the product information. Material information plays a significant role in the decision making process at any stage of the product life cycle, especially with respect to the sustainability of a product. Material information in the manufacturing stages of a product’s life cycle will relate to the processes used in manufacturing and assembling individual components. The material properties may determine what processes can be used and how these processes should be controlled. To support sustainable manufacturing, the impacts of material choice should be considered during design, when resources are being committed. When comparing material alternatives at design time, it is not as simple as saying one material is “more sustainable” than another. Many different factors determine the sustainability of a product, and each of these factors may be influenced by multiple material properties represented through various information requirements. In order to develop a material information model that can satisfy these information requirements, we need to carefully study the requirements from an information modeling perspective. In this paper, we use activity models to describe design and manufacturing scenarios that rely on the availability of proper material information for sustainability decision making. We will use these models to first define specific scenarios and then to identify the types of material information that is typically required in these scenarios, and collect and categorize key concepts. Based on this study, we will make recommendations that will aid the development of a useful material information model for sustainable decision making.
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Gupta, Satyandra K., and Changxin Xu. "Estimating the Optimal Number of Alternatives to Be Explored in Large Design Spaces: A Step Towards Incorporating Decision Making Cost in Design Decision Models." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34491.

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Exploration of design spaces is an important step in decision-based design. In consumer product development, precise design specifications are not known at the beginning of the design process. It is usually design team’s responsibility to find out the specifications as a part of the design process. This results in large design spaces in consumer product development. Furthermore, market window is usually limited. Thus, it is impractical to examine all possible design alternatives. As part of the design process, design teams need to determine how many alternatives to examine and how much evaluation time should be devoted to examining each alternative. This paper presents a model for estimating the optimal number of alternatives to be explored and the optimal evaluation time for each alternative by incorporating cost of decision-making in the overall design decision model. We also describe a design case study and investigate how characteristics of design task parameters influence the optimal number of alternatives and the optimal evaluation time. Our results indicate that it is difficult to intuitively identify the optimal values of the number of alternatives and the evaluation time for even very simple design tasks. We describe the practical issues that need to be addressed to make these decisions and discuss how the model proposed in this paper can be extended to handle more general cases of design tasks.
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Badarinath, Rakshith, Kai-Wen Tien, and Vittaldas Prabhu. "Unified Control of Production, Capacity, and Pre-Emptive Maintenance of Fused Filament Fabrication Process." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6641.

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The quest for smarter manufacturing is motivating the need for operational decisions to be made in real-time to adapt to uncertainties. Prevailing decision-making techniques typically consider each manufacturing function in isolation to reduce the complexity, which in turn leads to sequential decision-making where prior decisions become constraints for subsequent decisions. This paper proposes a unified approach for simultaneously controlling the timing of production events, the timing of maintenance events, and physical processing capacity. Moreover, the control algorithms can be fully distributed and exploit physics-based models for processes and remaining-useful-life of machinery components in real-time decision-making. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing process is used as an example in the paper to demonstrate the unified approach. Dynamics of the resulting unified control system is modeled using non-linear discontinuous differential equations. Computer simulations are used to illustrate dynamic interactions between production and maintenance functions. Benchmarking of the unified control approach for randomly generated datasets show superior performance compared to other commonly used scheduling heuristics by about 48%.
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Reports on the topic "Time needed for making a decision"

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Dietterich, Thomas G. Machine Learning for Real-Time Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388044.

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McAllister, Therese, Christopher Clavin, Bruce Ellingwood, John van de Lindt, David Mizzen, and Francis Lavelle. Data, information, and tools needed for community resilience planning and decision-making. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1240.

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Rodriguez, David M. Dominating Time in the Operational Decision Making Process. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328124.

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Gollier, Christian, and Richard Zeckhauser. Collective Investment Decision Making with Heterogeneous Time Preferences. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9629.

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Scott, Harry D., and Jr. Time Management and the Military Decision Making Process. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262657.

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Shoffner, Wilson A. The Military Decision-Making Process Time for a Change. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381816.

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Huffman, David, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia Mitchell. Time Discounting and Economic Decision-making Among the Elderly. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22438.

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Lehner, Paul E., Mir-Masood Seyed-Solorforough, Bhashyam Nallappa, Michael O'Connor, Stephen Sak, and Theresa Mullin. Cognitive Biases and Time Stress in Team Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251153.

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Verghese, Preeti. A Model for Visual Decision Making Under Time Pressure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567154.

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Leddo, John, James O. Chinnis Jr., Marvin S. Cohen, and F. F. Marvin. Influence of Uncertainty and Time Stress on Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273335.

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