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1
Rybáková, Nina. "Mezičasová volba osob romského etnika a většinové populace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75191.
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This thesis deals with the differences in time preferences, individual discount rates, among non-Romany (Czechs) and Romany ethnic group in the Czech Republic. Subjects of almost homogenous ethnic groups -- low income, low education, currently unemployed -- were subjected to experiments based on an in-depth questionnaire (Romany N = 35, N = 25 non-Romany). In addition to time preferences, their relationship with the socio-economic and demographic characteristics was inspected. The sub-tests showed a difference across ethnic groups in regard to the discounting models. Romany ethnic group is better characterized by an inconsistent model compared to the non-Romany using an more consistent model. Participants from both groups, however, appear to be very impatient, with discount rates closer to the values of individuals dependent on addictive substances. Probably because of insufficient sample size, no statistically significant correlation was found between the discount rates and socio-economic and demographic factors. Financial (il)literacy among Romany proved to be an important factor affecting the formation of savings. Finally, the recorded signal effect of expenditures on signal goods among the Romany ethnic group is briefly analyzed.
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Shay, Nathan Michael. "Investigating Real-Time Employer-Based Ridesharing Preferences Based on Stated Preference Survey Data." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471587439.
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Irvine, Alastair D. J. "Time preferences and the patient-doctor interaction." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238373.
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Patients' non-adherence to treatment is a widespread phenomenon in healthcare. Time preferences (how individuals value outcomes over time) are one cause for non-adherence. Using quasi-hyperbolic discounting, two options in the future are weighted consistently. However, when the early option becomes available the weighting changes. This creates the potential for non-adherence. The agency relationship that exists between patients and doctors implies hidden information. When the patient's time preferences are hidden from the doctor, the doctor must choose how to recommend treatments. Exploring how doctors make treatment decisions when time preferences are hidden from them, and how this impacts adherence, is therefore important. The first contribution of the thesis is to outline a model of the patient-doctor interaction incorporating quasi-hyperbolic discounting and hidden information. This shows that doctors should adapt to non-adherence when the probability a patient is present-biased is large enough. Secondly, a national survey of Scottish GPs explores whether doctors have different time preferences for themselves or their patients. Doctors do have the same private and professional time preferences, but value the health state differently between frames. Lastly, a laboratory experiment tests whether students in the role of a doctor adapt to non-adherence in the way predicted by the model. Students find the socially optimal level of treatment on average. Adaptation is stronger when using a performance payment, and results did not vary along demographic characteristics. The thesis highlights the importance of the patient-doctor interaction for generating nonadherence, not just patient preferences. It also shows that GPs' private time preferences may suitably substitute their preferences for patients. Finally, it points towards potential incentives for doctors to improve patient outcomes.
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Preston, Charles. "Analysing Risk Preferences and Time Preferences with respect to Smoking Status and Smoking Intensity." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30954.
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Smoking is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus the behavioural components need to be understood to mitigate the damage caused by the practice. The relationship between smoking and factors such as risk preferences and time preferences has been the subject of a growing body of literature. This paper evaluates experimental data from smokers and nonsmokers at the University of Cape Town collected in 2016 and 2017. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate models of risk preferences and time preferences. The results highlight that smokers are less risk averse than non-smokers; that smokers discount more heavily than non-smokers; that greater smoking intensity is correlated with lower risk aversion; and that greater smoking intensity is not related to discounting behaviour. In some specifications the relationship between smoking intensity and risk aversion is parabolic, and as such moderate smokers are less risk averse than heavy smokers and light smokers. In conclusion, smokers tend to discount more heavily than non-smokers, and lower smoking intensity is associated with greater risk aversion than higher smoking intensity.
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Chang, Hualei. "Continuous-time principal-agent problems with behavioral preferences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526551.
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Licata, David. "Time-Varying Preferences, Risk Premia, and Tobin Constraints." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3669381.
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The first chapter of my thesis explores monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with Markov-switching risk aversion. The second considers the implications for the macroeconomic and financial properties of an RBC model of the presence of habit formation. The third examines the result of adding the ``Tobin constraint" that shares equal the capital stock to a benchmark RBC mdoel. The underlying theme of these endeavors is rendering macroeconomic models more realistic via the introduction of time-varying preferences, non-linear modelling, and financial frictions.
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Monteiro, Goncalo. "The growth process under time non-separable preferences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7384.
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Shores, Kindal Alayne. "The relationship of time perspective to time allocation, recreation experience preferences, and wellness." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4397.
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Time perspective, as measured with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
(ZTPI), has been empirically linked to many behaviors including health behaviors, time
spent with family and friends, and career decisions. This dissertation research builds on
investigations of time perspective by testing hypotheses about the relationship between
each of ZimbardoâÂÂs five time perspectives with residual time allocation, recreation
experience preferences, and health and life satisfaction. Using a short questionnaire and
time diary data, the relationship between how individuals frame time in the present, past,
or future and how they allocate their discretionary time is described. Findings provide
the foundation for continued study of the relationship of time perspective and recreation.
Next, the relationship between an individualâÂÂs time perspective and the benefits they
seek from recreation are identified. Using results from a selfadministered
mail
questionnaire, hypotheses about the benefits sought by adults with different time
perspectives are tested. Finally, results from the mail questionnaire are again used to test
hypotheses about the relationship between time perspective, physical health,
psychological health and life satisfaction. Findings provide information about the impact of different time perspectives on individual wellness and happiness. Moreover,
results provide a tool for targeting adults in need of leisure education. In summary, this
study provides a starting point for the use of time perspective in leisure research. Much
replication, extension and application research will be required to extend findings from
current results using student and general population samples.
The dissertation is organized in four sections. An introductory section presents
the theoretical orientation for research. The second, third, and fourth sections explicate
the relationship of ZimbardoâÂÂs five time perspectives with residual time allocation,
benefits sought from recreation, and health and life satisfaction.
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Cosma, Andrei Claudiu. "Real-Time Individual Thermal Preferences Prediction Using Visual Sensors." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422566.
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The thermal comfort of a building’s occupants is an important aspect of building design. Providing an increased level of thermal comfort is critical given that humans spend the majority of the day indoors, and that their well-being, productivity, and comfort depend on the quality of these environments. In today’s world, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems deliver heated or cooled air based on a fixed operating point or target temperature; individuals or building managers are able to adjust this operating point through human communication of dissatisfaction. Currently, there is a lack in automatic detection of an individual’s thermal preferences in real-time, and the integration of these measurements in an HVAC system controller.
To achieve this, a non-invasive approach to automatically predict personal thermal comfort and the mean time to discomfort in real-time is proposed and studied in this thesis. The goal of this research is to explore the consequences of human body thermoregulation on skin temperature and tone as a means to predict thermal comfort. For this reason, the temperature information extracted from multiple local body parts, and the skin tone information extracted from the face will be investigated as a means to model individual thermal preferences.
In a first study, we proposed a real-time system for individual thermal preferences prediction in transient conditions using temperature values from multiple local body parts. The proposed solution consists of a novel visual sensing platform, which we called RGB-DT, that fused information from three sensors: a color camera, a depth sensor, and a thermographic camera. This platform was used to extract skin and clothing temperature from multiple local body parts in real-time. Using this method, personal thermal comfort was predicted with more than 80% accuracy, while mean time to warm discomfort was predicted with more than 85% accuracy.
In a second study, we introduced a new visual sensing platform and method that uses a single thermal image of the occupant to predict personal thermal comfort. We focused on close-up images of the occupant’s face to extract fine-grained details of the skin temperature. We extracted manually selected features, as well as a set of automated features. Results showed that the automated features outperformed the manual features in all the tests that were run, and that these features predicted personal thermal comfort with more than 76% accuracy.
The last proposed study analyzed the thermoregulation activity at the face level to predict skin temperature in the context of thermal comfort assessment. This solution uses a single color camera to model thermoregulation based on the side effects of the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction. To achieve this, new methods to isolate skin tone response to an individual’s thermal regulation were explored. The relation between the extracted skin tone measurement and the skin temperature was analyzed using a regression model.
Our experiments showed that a thermal model generated using noninvasive and contactless visual sensors could be used to accurately predict individual thermal preferences in real-time. Therefore, instantaneous feedback with respect to the occupants' thermal comfort can be provided to the HVAC system controller to adjust the room temperature.
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Pan, Jinrui. "Time and risk preferences : theoretical models for individual decision making." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/time-and-risk-preferences-theoretical-models-for-individual-decision-making(7cab3f50-870f-4c91-931b-5b98b96ee81e).html.
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Thesis submitted by Jinrui Pan for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Manchester, and entitled, “Time and Risk Preferences: Theoretical Models and Applications.” Date of submission 2014.This thesis makes contributions to two important areas of behavioural economics, namely individual decision making over time and under risk. Following the Introduction, Chapter 2 presents a new discounting function for analysing intertemporal choice. Liminal discounting, the model developed here, generalises exponential discounting in a parsimonious way. It allows for well-known departures, whilst maintaining its elegance and tractability. It also can be seen as an extension of quasi-hyperbolic discounting to continuous time. A liminal discounter has a constant rate of time preference before and after some threshold time; the liminal point. A preference foundation is provided, showing that the liminal point is derived endogenously from behaviour. Chapter 3 proposes an axiomatic model featuring a differential treatment of attitudes towards risk and time. Such distinction has been strongly suggested by experimental research when studying intertemporal choice, since the future is inherently risky. In the proposed model, non-linear probability distortions are incorporated into a dynamic model with discounted utility. Time is captured by a general discounting function independent of probabilities and outcomes. Utility of outcomes is captured by standard vNM utility independent of time. A two-parameter probability weighting function captures intertemporal probabilistic risk attitudes, with one parameter being constant over time, the other being time-dependent. An index of optimism is derived that depends on both parameters, which allows to model the observed high risk tolerance for delayed lotteries. Further, a preference foundation is provided. Interestingly, the model allows behaviour to be consistent with discounted expected utility, when risk is sufficiently distant from the present.
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Kartal, Melis. "Honest Equilibria in Reputation Games: The Role of Time Preferences." American Economic Association, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6067/4/online.pdf.
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New relationships are often plagued with uncertainty because one of the players has some private information about her "type". The reputation literature has shown that equilibria that reveal this private information typically involve breach of trust and conflict. But are these inevitable for equilibrium learning? I analyze self-enforcing relationships where one party is privately informed about her time preferences. I show that there always exist honest reputation equilibria, which fully reveal information and support cooperation without breach or conflict. I compare these to dishonest reputation equilibria from several perspectives. My results are applicable to a broad class of repeated games.
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Jalili, Monire. "CONSUMPTION PREFERENCES, TIME AND UNCERTAINTY: IMPACTS ON RETAIL PRICING TACTICS." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22681.
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My dissertation is a collection of three essays with analytical models at the interface of marketing and operations with a focus on pricing. The common theme in this dissertation is studying the effect of the consumer-driven demand on the optimal operational decisions of a single firm. This dissertation includes co-authored material. In my first essay, I study the role of consumers' opposing perceptions of green quality on the optimal product line decisions, i.e., products, prices and quality by analyzing the firm's optimization problem and incorporating an endogenous demand model that emerges from the consumers' preferences while considering the cost implications of introducing a green product. My second essay is on optimal timing of price discounts. Delaying discounts, i.e., giving discounts on future spending based on current spending is a prevalent retail discounting practice. For a market of rational and forward-looking consumers who repeatedly visit and purchase with the firm, we analyze the relative efficacy of delayed credits vs. a natural alternative of immediate discounts. In my third essay, I explore a firm's optimal pricing strategy when it simultaneously rents and sells a product for which consumers have a priori valuation uncertainty.
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Shetye, Tara. "DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS TIME AT WORK: VALIDATION OF THE TIME PREFERENCES AT WORK SCALE." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06142006-133224/.
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The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument to measure differences in workers? preferences related to the passage of time at work. Previous research indicates that this construct may have implications for the effectiveness of work teams, as well as other work outcomes such as person-organization fit. However, current methods of measuring time preferences are incomplete. Using a ten-factor theoretical framework introduced by Brislin and Kim (2003), a comprehensive instrument was designed and validated. In the first step of the validation, content validity evidence and item quality were assessed, demonstrating that the items were of acceptable quality and content-appropriate. Construct validity was then assessed. Undergraduate students (N = 601) responded to the 186-item questionnaire, as well as a variety of personality and background items. Analyses were conducted in three stages. In the first stage, an exploratory factor analysis revealed a six-factor structure to the items. The second stage of analysis used confirmatory factor analysis to test this structure. Finally, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Overall, the findings suggest that this scale is psychometrically sound and suitable for use in organizations.
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Kodritsch, Sebastian. "Essays on bargaining theory and welfare when preferences are time inconsistent." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/757/.
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Haynes, L. C. "Time is (more or less) money : framing effects on intertemporal preferences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603892.
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Temporal discounting is subject to framing effects. In this thesis, a novel individual differences approach was used to investigate potential drivers of the outcome frame effect. In Experiment 1 (N=32), 4 new variants of the Kirby task were employed to demonstrate that substantial individual differences exist in susceptibility to the effect of both outcome frame and response mode on delay discounting. These individual differences were found to be relatively stable over a period of 9 months in Experiment 2 (N=14); the new variants were found to exhibit test-retest reliability comparable to the BIS-11 and BIS/BAS scales. In Experiment 3a (N=79), a novel eye-tracking task was developed to investigate whether patterns of attention allocation to monetary amounts and delays were related to the outcome frame effect. It was found that: steep discounters paid relatively more attention to monetary amounts than their associated delays; greater susceptibility to effect of outcome frame was associated with a greater discrepancy between frames in the attention to delayed monetary amounts. In Experiment 3b (N=79), potential behavioural/cognitive correlates of the outcome frame effect were investigated. Contrary to Loewenstein’s (1998) account of the outcome frame effect, measures of loss aversion were not associated with susceptibility to the effect of outcome frame. However, cognitive ability and cognitive style accounted for independent variance in the outcome frame effect. These findings are interpreted in the context of Stanovich and West’s (1998, 2000) argument that departures from normative responding may be related to individual differences at the algorithmic- and intentional-levels of cognitive analysis.
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Baker, Melissa. "Service behaviors and time preferences of rural and urban restaurant customers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33005.
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Do customers in rural and urban markets want the same thing from a restaurant server? While researchers have stressed the importance of sub-culture and made the call for empirical research, few studies have incorporated sub-culture into their research, especially within the hospitality industry. Empirically measuring the differences in sub-culture, may be especially important for restaurant operators as they serve and employ a myriad of different customers in different markets. One under researched yet critical way is through a better understanding of the importance of customer contact employeesâ behavior. Understanding the importance customers place on standard restaurant wait staff behaviors and time standards may be critical to earning customers satisfaction and patronage, yet few studies have empirically examined this. Developing enhanced ways of understanding how to adapt service delivery behavior to the values of major cultural groups can be extremely beneficial to hospitality managers.
This study attempts to close these gaps by investigating the influence of sub-culture on consumer perceptions of behavioral and timing dimensions in a casual, full-service restaurant setting, through methodological sampling concentrating on two main sub-cultural groups: rural and urban restaurant patrons. Results indicated that sanitation and accommodation were the most important behavioral dimensions for both groups. The level of server responsiveness, friendliness, and knowledge were statistically different for the rural and urban samples. Results suggest that casual restaurant wait staff need to tailor service behavior by accommodating and customizing to the cultural and sub-cultural based guest needs in order to maintain a competitive advantage in satisfying customers. This study also demonstrates theoretical and managerial implications and suggests that further research is needed to investigate differences across other hospitality settings.Master of Science
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Csermely, Tamás, and Alexander Rabas. "How to reveal people's preferences: Comparing time consistency and predictive power of multiple price list risk elicitation methods." Springer, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-016-9247-6.
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The question of how to measure and classify people's risk preferences is
of substantial importance in the field of economics. Inspired by the multitude of ways
used to elicit risk preferences, we conduct a holistic investigation of the most prevalent
method, the multiple price list (MPL) and its derivations. In our experiment,
we find that revealed preferences differ under various versions of MPLs as well as
yield unstable results within a 30-minute time frame. We determine the most stable
elicitation method with the highest forecast accuracy by using multiple measures
of within-method consistency and by using behavior in two economically relevant
games as benchmarks. A derivation of the well-known method by Holt and Laury
(American Economic Review 92(5):1644-1655, 2002), where the highest payoff is
varied instead of probabilities, emerges as the best MPL method in both dimensions.
As we pinpoint each MPL characteristic's effect on the revealed preference and its
consistency, our results have implications for preference elicitation procedures in
general.
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Bilén, David, and Jacob Österlund. "Samhälleliga tidspreferenser : En stated preference-studie med ansatsen att undersöka individers renatidspreferenser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121486.
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Bakgrund: För att ge vägledning till hur samhället skall värdera nutida effekter gentemotframtida, exempelvis att rädda liv eller fördela samhälleliga investeringar, har ekonomergenomfört stated preference-studier med syfte att undersöka individers samhälleligatidspreferenser. Studiernas resultat har producerat en stor variation kring hur individervärderar framtida utfall jämfört med nutida. Resultaten har dock tolkats som att individer,även om tidspreferenserna varierar i storlek, värderar framtida utfall lägre än nutida. ShaneFrederick genomförde 1999 en studie, som Frederick benämnde som ett ”robusthetstest” avden dittills använda metodiken, där han i motsats till tidigare studier inte bara erbjödrespondenterna ett nutida utfall jämfört med ett framtida, utan även erbjöd respondenternaolika sekventiella fördelningar över tid. Resultaten kontrasterade tydligt tidigare studiersresultat, respondenterna föredrog exempelvis att rädda liv fördelat på tre generationer iställetför endast i deras egen – vilket indikerade att respondenterna hade negativa tidspreferenser!Inga uppföljningsstudier har därefter genomförts.Syfte: Att undersöka individers samhälleliga tidspreferenser när de erbjuds sekventiellafördelningar över tid.Metod: Två enkätundersökningar genomfördes vid Linköpings universitet. Respondenternaställdes inför olika sekventiella fördelningar för räddandet av liv och samhälleligaupprustningar, såväl i ett intra- som ett intergenerationsperspektiv.Slutsats: Vi finner ej stöd för att en majoritet av individerna värderar framtida samhälleligaupprustningar eller att rädda framtida liv, lägre än nutida. Vi finner heller ej stöd för attindividers tidspreferenser endast innefattar en preferens för den tidshorisontella absolutafördelningen (nutid gentemot framtid). I både ett intra- och ett intergenerationsperspektivföredrog den största andelen av respondenterna en jämn fördelning över tid. I ettintragenerationsperspektiv, där vi erbjöd individerna olika sekventiella fördelningar över tid,påverkades respondenternas val av den relativa fördelningen över tid. Alla resultatuppvisades för både räddandet av liv och samhälleliga upprustningar.Background: To give guidance for societal policy decisions on how to value future effectscompared to present, economists have used stated preference methodology to measureindividuals’ societal time preferences. The results have produced a great variety in the size ofindividuals’ time preferences, but have in general at least concluded that individuals valuefuture effects less then present. Shane Frederick performed in 1999 what he called a “test ofrobustness” of the methodology used in previous studies. Instead of just offering individualsto choose from an outcome today towards an outcome x years from now, he also offeredrespondents outcomes sequentially spread out across time. The results contradicted those ofprevious studies. For example 80% of the respondents preferred to save 300 lives across 3generations instead of 300 in their own – which implied negative time preferences! Nofurther follow up studies have been performed.Objective: Investigate individuals’ societal time preferences, when they are offeredsequential outcomes over time.Methodology: Two questionnaires where handed out at Linköpings university. Therespondents where offered different sequential outcomes over time for saving lives and whenpublic investments should occur, in as well an intra- as an intergenerational perspective.Conclusion: Our findings do not indicate that a majority of the individuals value savingfuture lives less then present lives, or that they value future public investments less thenfuture investments. Neither do they indicate that individuals’ societal time preferences onlyincorporate the absolute time horizontal aspect. In both an intra- and an intergenerationalperspective the largest fraction of the individuals preferred an equal distribution over time. Inan intragenerational perspective, where we offered individuals different sequentialdistributions, the individuals choice where affected by the relative distribution over time. Allfindings where present both for saving lives and public investments.
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Lee, Jae Ho. "Source of income effect on individual risk- and time-preferences : experimental approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225793.
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Does the way people earn money affect their economic decisions? The main contribution of this thesis is to provide new evidence that the way people earn money affects their decision-making. Standard economic theory generally assumes that money is fungible – that is, each unit of money is a perfect substitute for another. Fungibility thus predicts that source of income should have no influence on individual decision-making. On the other hand, Prospect theory determines the value of same prospect as gain or loss relative to the reference point. Prospect theory predicts a significant source of income on individual decision-making if source of income shifts the reference point. This thesis has focused on investigating whether source of income affects (a) individual risk-preference, which governs individual decision-making under risk; and (b) individual time-preference, which governs individual intertemporal decision-making. From a series of real-effort laboratory experiments, I find that subjects are more risk-averse and more patient concerning hard-earned money than with easily earned money consistent with Prospect theory and loss aversion.
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Salton, Christine Ann. "Preferences for intervention among cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for the first time." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25730.
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This exploratory, descriptive study was designed to describe health care preferences among cancer patients receiving radiotherapy for the first time. In addition, the relationship between selected demographic variables and patients' health care preferences was examined as was the relationship between patients' anxiety and their health care preferences.
A convenience sample of forty newly-diagnosed cancer patients was selected from the population of patients receiving radiotherapy at a large urban cancer treatment facility. The sample included 21 women and 19 men ranging in age from 36 to 79 years. From medical records, the researcher collected relevant demographic information. Patients completed the Health Care Preference Survey, a seven-item forced-choice questionnaire. Each item presented a clinical situation and offered a choice between a cognitive or an affective nursing intervention. Anxiety was measured by the subjects' responses to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI).
In most situations, patients preferred cognitive over affective interventions and the preference for cognitive interventions was largely independent of demographic variables. Clinical situation and timing may have affected intervention preference. Patients' anxiety levels significantly affected their preferences for health care interventions. Patients who had high State anxiety scores preferred affective rather than cognitive interventions.
Incidental findings included subjects' comments about participation in the study and attitudes toward their illness experiences and obtaining information. Implications for nursing practice and recommendatons for further research are discussed.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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PORTO, PAULO VICTOR CUNHA. "SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF RISK AND TIME PREFERENCES: EVIDENCE FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34217@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O desenvolvimento do campo de pesquisa em Finanças Comportamentais nos mostrou que por diversas vezes violamos postulados de racionalidade estrita utilizados pela Teoria da Utilidade Esperada e demais ferramentais ortodoxos de análise de decisões sob incerteza. Neste contexto, este trabalho utilizou como estrutura analítica alternativa as formas funcionais derivadas da Teoria do Prospecto e, tendo em vista esse modelo, foi replicado um experimento consolidado na literatura em uma amostra composta de alunos da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), sendo o objetivo estimar por máxima verossimilhança os parâmetros de risco e preferências temporais dos respondentes. Os resultados encontrados foram coerentes com outras evidências presentes na literatura, cabendo ressaltar que, para estes respondentes e talvez por sua formação, a modelo tradicional de desconto contínuo se mostrou uma aproximação melhor do que o previsto.
The development of Behavioral Finance literature has shown us that for several times we violate the postulates of strict rationality assumed by the Theory of Expected Utility and other orthodox tools of decision analysis under uncertainty. In this context, this paper adopts the Prospect Theory as its analytical framework and, with this model, an experiment present in the literature of this field was conducted with a sample of students from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) which the purpose was to simultaneously estimate their risk and time preferences by applying a maximum likelihood approach. The results obtained were consistent with other present in the literature, and it should be pointed out that, for these respondents and perhaps because of their background, the orthodox continuous discount model proved to have a better fit than expected.
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Swärdh, Jan-Erik. "Commuting time choice and the value of travel time." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8524.
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In the modern industrialized society, a long commuting time is becoming more and more common. However, commuting results in a number of different costs, for example, external costs such as congestion and pollution as well as internal costs such as individual time consumption. On the other hand, increased commuting opportunities offer welfare gains, for example via larger local labor markets. The length of the commute that is acceptable to the workers is determined by the workers' preferences and the compensation opportunities in the labor market. In this thesis the value of travel time or commuting time changes, has been empirically analyzed in four self-contained essays. First, a large set of register data on the Swedish labor market is used to analyze the commuting time changes that follow residential relocations and job relocations. The average commuting time is longer after relocation than before, regardless of the type of relocation. The commuting time change after relocation is found to differ substantially with socio-economic characteristics and these effects also depend on where the distribution of commuting time changes is evaluated. The same data set is used in the second essay to estimate the value of commuting time (VOCT). Here, VOCT is estimated as the trade-off between wage and commuting time, based on the effects wage and commuting time have on the probability of changing jobs. The estimated VOCT is found to be relatively large, in fact about 1.8 times the net wage rate. In the third essay, the VOCT is estimated on a different type of data, namely data from a stated preference survey. Spouses of two-earner households are asked to individually make trade-offs between commuting time and wage. The subjects are making choices both with regard to their own commuting time and wage only, as well as when both their own commuting time and wage and their spouse's commuting time and wage are simultaneously changed. The results show relatively high VOCT compared to other studies. Also, there is a tendency for both spouses to value the commuting time of the wife highest. Finally, the presence of hypothetical bias in a value of time experiment without scheduling constraints is tested. The results show a positive but not significant hypothetical bias. By taking preference certainty into account, positive hypothetical bias is found for the non-certain subjects.
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Gerold, Stefanie, and Matthias Nocker. "Reduction of Working Time in Austria. A Mixed Methods Study Relating a New Work Time Policy to Employee Preferences." European Commission, bmwfw, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4722/1/WWWforEurope_WPS_no097_MS225.pdf.
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This mixed-methods study examines factors determining employees' desire to reduce worktime. The results of a binary logit regression model, based on data from the Austrian Microcencus 2012, suggest that employees who prefer shorter weekly working hours are older, higher educated and work longer hours in white-collar positions, compared to those who do not wish to change their hours. Gender differences are greatest in terms of household and family characteristics, supporting the 'male breadwinner & part-time' model. Qualitative interviews have been conducted among employees who had the possibility to choose between a pay increase and equivalent leisure time via a new worktime policy ("Freizeitoption") implemented in 2013. The results suggest that employees with higher education tend to reduce worktime. The fact that money is valued from a long-term, security perspective, as well as the tendency of assessing work performances by output indicators can be regarded as major obstacles for worktime reductions.Series: WWWforEurope
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Anton, Anargyros Anastasios. "Bus Seating in Arlington, Virginia: ART Passenger Demographics, Seating Preferences and Dwell Time Efficiency." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54597.
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Boarding, alighting and seating maneuvers were monitored on selected Arlington Transit (ART) bus routes in order to determine the link between passenger demographics, seating preferences and boarding and alighting times within the system. The data collection methodology employed digital stopwatch timings of boardings and alightings in conjunction with a coordinate-based spreadsheet seating chart tracking system in order to document passenger movements and seating occupancies. Passengers were visually profiled according to their ethnicity, sex, general age group and bulkiness. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop boarding and alighting models, and t-tests were used to isolate statistically significant differences between profiled groups in terms of their seating preferences and inter-group separation distances aboard the buses. It was observed that female passengers tend to sit closer to other passengers than males do, and that older female passengers have a preference for sitting in aisle seats and towards the lower level front of the bus - each of these preferences is linked with shorter boarding times. Males, in general, tend to prefer window seating to aisle seating, and this preference is linked with longer boarding and alighting times. It was also observed that younger passengers prefer less efficient upper level seating to lower level seating and that white passengers, on average, tend to sit closer to other white passengers on routes where whites are a minority in terms of passenger composition. Monetary fare payment was observed to contribute to longer boarding times than the use of a swipe card (e.g., SmarTrip® card).Master of Science
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Ralph, Angelique, Brittany Ager, Melanie Bell, Ian Collins, Lesley Andrews, Kathy Tucker, Nicole O'Reilly, Kelly-Anne Phillips, and Phyllis Butow. "Women's preferences for selective estrogen reuptake modulators: an investigation using the time trade-off technique." SpringerOpen, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610252.
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PURPOSE:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) reduce the risk of breast cancer for women at increased risk by 38%. However, uptake is extremely low and the reasons for this are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to utilize time trade-off methods to determine the degree of risk reduction required to make taking SERMs worthwhile to women, and the factors associated with requiring greater risk reduction to take SERMs.METHODS:Women at increased risk of breast cancer (N=107) were recruited from two familial cancer clinics in Australia. Participants completed a questionnaire either online or in pen and paper format. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:Overall, there was considerable heterogeneity in the degree of risk reduction required to make taking SERMs worthwhile. Women with higher perceived breast cancer risk and those with stronger intentions to undergo (or who had undergone) an oophorectomy required a smaller degree of risk reduction to consider taking SERMs worthwhile.CONCLUSION:Women at increased familial risk appear motivated to consider SERMs for prevention. A tailored approach to communicating about medical prevention is essential. Health professionals could usefully highlight the absolute (rather than relative) probability of side effects and take into account an individual's perceived (rather than objective) risk of breast cancer.
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Carnwell, Roselyn June. "Approaches to study in part-time distance education in higher education : a case study of community nurses." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263330.
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Schneider, Ulrich Cornelius Philip Julian [Verfasser]. "Essays on Time Preferences and Expectations in Dynamic Decision Making / Ulrich Cornelius Philip Julian Schneider." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180388186/34.
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Schneider, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Essays on Time Preferences and Expectations in Dynamic Decision Making / Ulrich Cornelius Philip Julian Schneider." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180388186/34.
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Friedman, Alice G. "Effects of expectancy, food preference and time of day on salivation in cancer patients." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54750.
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The purpose of the present study was to study differences between cancer patients and noncancer patients in taste acuity and in salivation to food and stimuli associated with food. Subjects were twenty male cancer patients and eighteen patients hospitalized for noncancer-related illnesses. All cancer patients were tested prior to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
The study was conducted on two consecutive days. On Day 1 taste acuity was measured to bitter, sweet, sour and salty flavors using the forced choice three-stimulus drop technique on concentration from 6-2000 mm/l. Subjects completed a questionnaire on appetite difficulties, the Multiple Adjective Affect Check List (MAACL), and rated a list of snacks on a 5-point scale. On Day 2 salivary responding (using the Strongin-Hinsie Peck Test) was measured after subjects were told to expect food, after the presentation of food and after ingestion. For each subject, testing occurred in the morning and in the afternoon to high and low preferred foods.
Cancer patients were significantly more likely than noncancer patients to report appetite difficulties which included premature satiety, decreased appetite, and changes in food preference. Cancer and noncancer patients did not differ reliably on the MAACL or in taste acuity. In salivation testing, the presentation of food increased salivation in noncancer patients but decreased salivation in cancer patients. However, the differences between cancer and noncancer patients was not reliable. The interaction between illness condition and test trials during the presentation of food did approach significance.
The lack of reliable effects for illness condition may have occurred because the interval of food deprivation was too short to elicit reliable increases in salivation and external and social cues which normally accompany mealtime were not present during testing.Ph. D.
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Nyström, Jakob, and Karin Romberg. "The Influence of Time and Risk Preferences on Financial Behaviour and Financial Well-being : Results from a National Survey." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138795.
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Previous research has shown time and risk preferences to be important factors when explaining a variety of behavioural patterns, such as smoking, obesity and savings behaviour, while we focus on the effect on financial behaviour and financial well-being. Financial behaviour is measured using a twelve-item scale with individuals’ self-stated reports of for example savings behaviour and credit card usage. To measure financial well-being, we construct a measure consisting of individual’s self-perceived current and future financial condition. Time preferences are revealed by matching questions and we use different ways of measuring risk, both self-stated risk attitudes and risky choices revealed by gambles. Our results show that increased short term patience, leads to better financial behaviour. Also, individuals with higher financial risk attitudes, exhibit better financial behaviour. Contradictory, regarding actual decisions, the impact is different and being loss averse, has a positive impact on financial behaviour. Financial well-being is on the other hand influenced positively by both more short and long term patience. It also increases with general and financial risk attitudes. Risky choices do not have an impact on financial well-being. We show that risk preferences are affected by time preferences. Having a high short term discount rate leads to higher financial risk attitudes and increases the likelihood of being loss averse, while it decreases the likelihood of being risk averse. Our results are important for understanding heterogeneity in financial decision making and the financial well-being it fathers. This quantitative study is based on a large, representative sample of the Swedish population (N=2063).Tidigare forskning har visat att tids- och riskpreferenser är viktiga faktorer när man försöker förklara olika beteendemönster, såsom rökning, övervikt och sparande. Vi fokuserar på tids- och riskpreferensers effekt på finansiellt beteende och finansiellt välmående. Finansiellt beteende mäts genom tolv frågor, där individer exempelvis anger hur ofta man sparar eller använder kreditkort. För att mäta finansiellt välmående, konstruerar vi ett mått baserat på individens självupplevda nuvarande och framtida ekonomiska tillstånd. Tidspreferenser mäts genom “matching questions” och vi använder flera riskmått, både individers angedda riskattityder och riskfyllda val som visas genom riskfyllda spel. Våra resultat visar att ökat tålamod på kort sikt leder till bättre finansiellt beteende. Dessutom uppvisar individer med högre finansiella riskattityder bättre finansiellt beteende. I motsats till detta uppvisar dock, vid faktiska beslut, förlustaversiva individer bättre finansiellt beteende. Finansiellt välmående påverkas, å andra sidan, positivt av både kort- och långsiktigt tålamod. Det förbättras också av både högre generella och finansiella riskattityder. De riskfyllda valen påverkar inte finansiellt välmående. Vi visar att tidspreferenser påverkar riskpreferenser. Att ha högre tålamod på kort sikt leder till högre finansiell riskattityd och ökar sannolikheten för att vara förlustaversiv, medan det minskar sannolikheten att vara riskaversiv. Våra resultat är viktiga för att förstå heterogen finansiell beslutsfattning och det finansiella välmående det leder till. Denna kvantitativa studie baseras på ett stort, representativt sampel av den svenska befolkningen (N=2063).
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Kokonas, Nikolaos. "One essay on time-inconsistent preferences and competitive equilibrium and two essays on optimal monetary policy." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57643/.
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The first part of the thesis investigates the characterization of asset prices and investor's behavior under time-inconsistent preferences. For the latter type of preferences, we assume myopia or hyperbolic-discounting (HD). We consider an infinite horizon economy under certainty with two heterogeneous CRRA individuals, one good and one long-lived asset. The question of survival in the market arises when individuals are HD maximizers or myopic with wrong expectations about equilibrium asset prices. We provide sufficient conditions such that more myopic individuals dominate over less myopic ones and also sophisticated HD maximizers with intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) equal to one, log-utilities, dominate over HD maximizers with IES higher than one. Thus, individuals that vanish in the long-run will not have an impact on asset prices. On the other hand, asset prices are characterized by extreme dynamics if the economy is populated by myopic individuals only, who have perfect foresight about equilibrium asset prices. We show that even though the dividends of the long-lived asset are constant over time, there exist asset price dynamics that resemble an ever-expanding asset price bubble. The second part of the thesis investigates the characterization of optimal monetary policy under two different scenaria. In the first scenario we consider a two-period monetary economy with inside and outside money and an environment with fix prices and excess capacities in equilibrium. If unemployment is of a keynesian nature, a Friedman rule argument characterizes optimal monetary policy whereas if unemployment is of a more classical nature, high real wages, optimal policy requires positive nominal rates. In the second scenario we consider an economy with idiosyncratic risk and credit frictions. Monetary policy provides missing insurance due to credit frictions through the distribution of non-contingent seignorage transfer across states.
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Cappelli, Veronica Roberta. "Décisions : théories, expériences et applications." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHEC0008.
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Cette thèse explore plusieurs dimensions entrelacés de la recherche décisionnelle. En particulier, tout en se focalisant sur les décisions sous risque et incertitude, ce travail illustre la transversalité des approches qui caractérisent ce domaine d'investigation en rassemblant une étude expérimentale, une élaboration théorique et une application. Le dialogue continu entre ces différentes approches de la recherche décisionnelle est essentiel à son développement, car les enquêtes empiriques testent et éclairent les théories formelles et garantissent en outre leur application significative dans des contextes théoriques et empiriques, contribuant ainsi à une dynamique vertueuse de «destruction créatrice» dans le domain d'etude. Par exemple, un grand nombre de preuves empiriques montre des violations de la théorie de l'utilité attendue. En réponse, la théorie de la décision et l'économie comportementale ont fourni une grande variété de théories de l'utilité non attendues. Cependant, les preuves existantes ne font pas clairement de distinction entre ces théories. En ce qui concerne l'enquête sur les sources des violations, une attention particulière est traditionnellement consacrée à tester plusieurs variantes de l'axiome d'indépendance. Pourtant, dans le domaine des gains, bon nombre des modèles d'utilité non attendus les plus connus respectent les restrictions comportementales minimales traditionnellement connues sous le nom d'axiomes P3 et P4 de Savage (1954), qui permettent de séparer les goûts, tels qu'ils sont capturés par un fonction d'utilitè, et des croyances, souvent capturés par une probabilité déformée. Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous dérivons une procédure non paramétrique pour tester l'hypothèse de séparabilité des goûts et des croyances et nous l'appliquons aux résultats de deux expériences. Bien que P3 soit rarement violé, notre test révèle des violations généralisées et prononcées de P4, suggérant ainsi que l’hypothèse d'une séparation des goûts et des croyances peut ne pas tenir dans des contextes empiriques. Du côté de la théorie, la question de la séparation des goûts et des croyances a apparemment été clôturée par une série d'articles de Ghirardato et Marinacci sur les préférences biseparables. Inspiré par les conclusions du chapitre précédent, le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse a pour objectif de rouvrir cette question en recherchant si, ou dans quelles conditions théoriques, une telle séparation tient réellement et quelles sont ses implications. En particulier, nous fournirons des conditions de séparabilité en termes de points médians de préférence et le nouveau concept de points médians de vraisemblance. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous utilisons les développements récents dans les critères de prise de décision pour fournir une extension de la configuration des jeux biformes séminaux de Brandenburger et Stuart (2007). Alors que les jeux biformes fournissent la base théorique d'un travail formel en stratégie basée sur les valeurs, notre cadre aide à concilier le comportement observé dans des contextes appliqués avec la théorie. En particulier, nous appliquons les résultats de notre théorie au choix de faire intervenir des substituts aux complémenteurs dans les écosystèmes commerciaux, une décision centrale dans la stratégie concurrentielle. Notre solution présente plusieurs avantages. Tout d'abord, il subsume le cadre de jeux biform original et intègre de manière transparente les travaux connexes récents qui fournissent des limites à la capture de valeur. En outre, il permet de résoudre des problèmes tels que la non-unicité possible des solutions et l'invariance de la structure de l'environnement concurrentiel tout en conservant le rôle de la concurrence dans la détermination de la capture de valeur. Enfin, il permet des représentations de préférences plus riches qui, par exemple, peuvent inclure des distorsions subjectives des chances objectives de capture de valeurThis dissertation explores several intertwined dimensions of decision-making research. In particular, while focusing on decisions under risk and uncertainty, this work illustrates the transversality of approaches that characterize this area of investigation by collecting an experimental study, a theoretical elaboration and an application. The continuous dialogue between these different approaches to decision-making research is critical to its development, as empirical investigations test and inform formal theories and further ensure their meaningful application in theoretical and empirical contexts, thus contributing to virtuous “creative destruction” dynamics in the field. For example, a large body of empirical evidence shows violations of the expected utility theory. In response, decision theory and behavioral economics provided a large variety of nonexpected utility theories. The existing evidence, however, does not clearly discriminate among such theories. Relative to the investigation of the sources of violations, particular attention has been traditionally devoted to testing several variations of the independence axiom. Yet, on the gains domain, many of the most well-known non-expected utility models abide to the minimal behavioral restrictions traditionally known as the axioms P3 and P4 of Savage (1954), that allow to separate tastes, as captured by a utility function on outcomes, and beliefs, as captured by the willingness to bet on events, often a distorted probability. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we derive a non-parametric procedure for testing the separability of tastes and beliefs hypothesis and we apply it to the results of two experiments. While P3 is rarely violated, our test finds widespread and pronounced violations of P4, thus suggesting that the assumption of separation of tastes and beliefs may not hold in empirical settings. On the theory side, the issue of separating tastes and beliefs was apparently closed by a series of papers of Ghirardato and Marinacci on biseparable preferences. Inspired by the findings of the previous chapter, the purpose of the second chapter of this dissertation is to reopen this question by investigating whether, or under what theoretical conditions, such separation actually holds and what its implications are. In particular, we will provide separability conditions in terms of preference midpoints and the novel concept of likelihood midpoints. In the third chapter, we make use of recent developments in decision-making criteria to provide an extension of the seminal biform games setup of Brandenburger and Stuart (2007). While biform games provide the theoretical basis for formal work in value-based strategy, our framework helps reconciling observed behavior in applied contexts with theory. In particular, we apply the results of our setup to the choice of bringing in substitutes to complementers in business ecosystems, a central decision in competitive strategy. Our solution has several advantages. First, it subsumes the original biform games framework and seamlessly integrates recent related work that provides bounds to value capture. Also, it allows solving issues such as the possible non-uniqueness of solutions and invariance to the competitive environment structure while maintaining the role of competition in determining value capture. Finally, it permits richer preferences representations that, for example, can include subjective distortions of objective chances of value capture
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Boonmanunt, Suparee [Verfasser], Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Matthias [Gutachter] Sutter. "Time preferences, conservation and the role of groups: Experiments in Thailand / Suparee Boonmanunt ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Matthias Sutter." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624221/34.
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Csermely, Tamás, and Alexander Rabas. "How to reveal people's preferences: Comparing time consistency and predictive power of multiple price list risk elicitation methods." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4319/1/wp185.pdf.
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The question of how to measure and classify people´s risk preferences is of substantial importance in the field of
Economics. Inspired by the multitude of ways used to elicit risk preferences, we conduct a holistic investigation of the most prevalent method, the multiple price list (MPL) and its derivations. In accordance with previous literature, we find that revealed preferences differ under various and even the same versions of the MPL. Thus, an arbitrary selection of a particular risk assessment method can lead to biased results especially if researchers investigate its connection to other phenomena. In order to resolve this issue, we determine the most stable version of the MPL by using multiple measures of within-method consistency, and the version with the highest forecast accuracy by using behavior in two economically relevant games as benchmarks. A derivation of the well-known method by Holt and Laury (2002), where the highest payoff is varied instead of probabilities, emerges as the best MPL method in both dimensions. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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[Verfasser], Suparee Boonmanunt, Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Matthias [Gutachter] Sutter. "Time preferences, conservation and the role of groups: Experiments in Thailand / Suparee Boonmanunt ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Matthias Sutter." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624221/34.
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Carnegie, Tyryn. "The impact of risk and time preferences on smoking behaviour in the context of a contingency management programme." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33438.
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While there is an established body of research examining risk preferences, time preferences and smoking behaviour, there is little literature exploring the relationship between risk preferences, time preferences, and smoking cessation contingency management (CM) programmes. This dissertation evaluates a CM study and its effect on smokers' ability to quit and smoking intensity, together with their risk and time preferences. The experiment comprises 87 University of Cape Town students wanting to quit smoking, randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. Risk and time preferences are elicited at the beginning of the programme, using incentive-compatible decision-making tasks. The relationship between the individuals' risk preferences, time preferences, and smoking outcomes is explored using two general approaches: standard statistical models and structural models. In the structural models, maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate time preference parameters jointly with risk preference parameters. Results are broadly consistent across the two approaches. With respect to abstinence, the statistical model suggests that the likelihood of abstinence increases with discount rates, while the structural models suggest CM reduces the effect that time preferences have on abstinence. Neither approach finds a difference in risk preferences between abstinent and non-abstinent participants. In terms of smoking intensity, both approaches unexpectedly find smoking intensity to increase with risk aversion, and neither approach finds a relationship between smoking intensity and time preferences.
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Navarro, Ashley M. "An Exploration of Adjunct Faculty Preferences for Professional Development Opportunities at a Florida State College." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7867.
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The purpose of this study was to explore adjunct faculty perceptions of factors that influence participation in faculty development at a multi-campus Florida state college. To improve Florida state college adjunct faculty participation in faculty development, it was necessary to examine their faculty development needs and the incentives and barriers that influence their participation in faculty development. This study extended the research on characteristics of adjunct faculty and their faculty development interests. This quantitative study addressed the gap in the literature related to the scheduling, format, and communication preferences of a Florida state college adjunct faculty, related to faculty development.
A survey research design was used to explore faculty development preferences of adjunct faculty who had taught for a minimum of one semester. An online survey was used to collect the data via Qualtrics. Adjunct faculty who taught in fall 2018 from all academic areas, and all four campuses were included in the sample. The response rate for this survey was 20%.
A frequency distribution was constructed for the demographic data. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationship between adjunct faculty participation in faculty development and background characteristics. Measures of central tendency were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation to identify faculty development needs, preferred conditions for faculty development, incentives that may encourage participation, and barriers that may hinder participation in faculty development opportunities, as perceived by respondents.
The results indicate that the adjunct faculty who responded to the survey need faculty development training related to the following topics: instructional technology, student engagement, and instructional strategies. They indicated weekday evenings was the preferred time for faculty development, one to two hours workshops was the most feasible format, and college-wide email was their preferred method of communication for faculty development. There was no consensus on the preferred location, online or campus. Professional growth and life-long learning were the two incentives identified, by the majority of the adjunct faculty, which significantly or moderately encourages their participation in faculty development. Most of the adjunct faculty identified time and full-time job as the barriers which significantly or moderately hinders their participation in faculty development.
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Ferlatte, Christy. "Patient preferences for an appropriate time for cancer genetic counseling and BRCA testing for women diagnosed with breast cancer." Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2009. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/23193.
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Sarwosri, Arieska Wening [Verfasser]. "Analysing Smallholder Farmers’ Adoption of new Technology under the Consideration of Risk Attitudes and Time Preferences / Arieska Wening Sarwosri." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240161042/34.
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Maurer, Thomas A. "Is consumption growth only a sideshow in asset pricing? : asset pricing implications of demographic change and shocks to time preferences." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/405/.
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I show that risk sources such as unexpected demographic changes or shocks to the agent's subjective time preferences may have stronger implications and be of greater importance for asset pricing than risk in the (aggregate) consumption growth process. In the first chapter, I discuss stochastic changes to time preferences. Shocks to the agent's subjective time discounting of future utility cause stochastic changes in asset prices and the agent's value function. Independent of the consumption growth process, shocks to time discounting imply a covariation between asset returns and the marginal utility process, and the equity premium is non-zero. My model can generate both a reasonably low level and volatility in the risk-free real interest rate and a high stock price volatility and equity premium. If time discounting follows a process with mean- reversion, then the interest rate process is mean-reverting and stock returns are (at long horizons) negatively auto-correlated. In the second chapter, I analyze the asset pricing implications of birth and death rate shocks in an overlapping generations model. The interest rate and the equity premium are time varying and under certain conditions the interest rate is lower and the equity premium is higher during periods characterized by a high birth rate and low mortality than in times of a low birth rate and high mortality. Demographic changes may explain substantial parts of the time variation in the real interest rate and the equity premium. Demographic uncertainty implies a large unconditional variation in asset returns and leads to stochastic changes in the conditional volatility of stock returns. In the last chapter, I illustrate how shocks to the death rate may affect expected asset returns in the cross-section. An agent demands more of an asset with higher (lower) payoff in states of the world when he expects to live longer (shorter) and marginal utility is high (low) than an asset with the opposite payoff schedule. In equilibrium, the first asset pays a lower expected return than the latter. Empirical evidence supports the model. Out-of-sample evidence suggests that a strategy, which loads on uncertainty in the death rate, pays a positive unexplained return according to traditional market models.
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Steiber, Nadia. "The formation and change of working time preferences in different societal contexts : a comparative analysis of Britain, Germany and Sweden." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670131.
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Holmes, Craig. "Myopia, retirement planning and commitment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980da095-60ab-47b5-a4e2-3962085d56ca.
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Decisions made by individuals planning for retirement may be myopic. One way of capturing this myopia is with quasi-hyperbolic discounting. It is well known that such preferences may explain why individuals fail to provide an adequate retirement income for themselves. In this thesis, the quasi-hyperbolic discounting model is applied to a number of other decisions and outcomes related to planning for retirement. There are three main focuses. Firstly, the thesis considers a model where individuals are quasi-hyperbolic discounters over both retirement and saving, and extends the results of Diamond and Köszegi (2003). It argues that mechanisms designed to overcome myopic saving decisions may lead to unplanned early retirement. This may depend on the form of income in retirement -- regular income options such as annuities offer commitment over overconsuming early in retirement, which makes early retirement less desirable to myopic retirees. Secondly, it tests these predictions using a new laboratory experiment. Over a two-month period, participants were asked to attend weekly sessions, and could leave the experiment (or "retire") in any week of their choosing. Part of their payment for attending these sessions was put aside and paid only after they had left. The results indicated that more impulsive individuals left the experiment earlier, both overall and relative to plans made in the first week of the experiment. Finally, this thesis presents a model of rising wages as a forced saving mechanism. Assuming individuals face some borrowing constraints, deferred wages implicitly place some earnings aside until much closer to retirement, when quasi-hyperbolic discounters save a greater fraction of their income, increasing total retirement wealth. It also shows that demand for rising wages should disappear for people with access to more direct saving commitment mechanisms, although when these schemes offer less commitment (due to early withdrawal or early retirement options), a combination of both mechanisms is preferred.
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Javaid, Aneeque [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schlüter, Hauke [Gutachter] Reuter, and Marc-Thorsten [Gutachter] Hütt. "Temporal dilemma, time preferences and natural resource extraction / Aneeque Javaid ; Gutachter: Achim Schlüter, Hauke Reuter, Marc-Thorsten Hütt ; Betreuer: Achim Schlüter." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130868524/34.
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Shepherd, Philippa C. F. "Space use, habitat preferences, and time-activity budgets on non-breeding Dunlin (Calidris alpina pacifica) in the Fraser River Delta, B.C." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61680.pdf.
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Javaid, Aneeque Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schlüter, Hauke [Gutachter] Reuter, and Marc-Thorsten [Gutachter] [Hütt. "Temporal dilemma, time preferences and natural resource extraction / Aneeque Javaid ; Gutachter: Achim Schlüter, Hauke Reuter, Marc-Thorsten Hütt ; Betreuer: Achim Schlüter." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:579-opus-1007012.
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Crittenden, Allison Marie. "Effects of patient preference selections of text-to-speech technology features on reading comprehension and review time for people with aphasia." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619017031279478.
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Jagelka, Tomáš. "Preferences, Ability, and Personality : Understanding Decision-making Under Risk and Delay." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX028/document.
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Les préférences, les aptitudes et la personnalité prédisent un large éventail de réalisations économiques. Je les mets en correspondance dans un cadre structurel de prise de décision en utilisant des données expérimentales uniques collectées sur plus de 1 200 personnes prenant chacune plus de 100 décisions à enjeu financier.J’estime conjointement les distributions des préférences pour le risque et le temps dans la population, leur stabilité au niveau individuel et la tendance des gens à faire des erreurs. J’utilise le modèle à préférences aléatoires (RPM) dont il a été récemment démontré que ses propriétés théoriques sont supérieures à celles des modèles précédemment employés. Je montre que le RPM a une forte validité interne. Les cinq paramètres structurels estimés dominent un large éventail de variables démographiques et socio-économiques lorsqu'il s'agit d'expliquer des choix individuels observés.Je démontre l’importance économique et économétrique de l’utilisation des chocs aux préférences et de l’incorporation du paramètre dit de « la main tremblante ». Les erreurs et l’instabilité des préférences sont liées à des capacités différentes. Je propose un indice de rationalité qui les condense en un indicateur unique prédictif des pertes de bien-être.J'utilise un modèle à facteurs pour extraire la capacité cognitive et les « Big Five » traits de la personnalité à partir de nombreuses mesures. Ils expliquent jusqu’à 50% de la variation des préférences des gens et de leur capacité à faire des choix rationnels. La conscienciosité explique à elle seule 45% et 10% de la variation transversale du taux d'actualisation et de l'aversion au risque, ainsi que 20% de la variation de leur stabilité individuelle. En outre, l'aversion au risque est liée à l'extraversion et les erreurs dépendent des capacités cognitives, de l’effort, et des paramètres des tâches. Les préférences sont stables pour l'individu médian. Néanmoins, une partie de la population a une certaine instabilité des préférences qui est indicative d’une connaissance de soi imparfaite.Ces résultats ont des implications à la fois pour la spécification des modèles économiques de forme réduite et structurels, et aussi pour l’explication des inégalités et de la transmission intergénérationnelle du statut socio-économiquePreferences, ability, and personality predict a wide range of economic outcomes. I establish a mapping between them in a structural framework of decision-making under risk and delay using unique experimental data with information on over 100 incentivized choice tasks for each of more than 1,200 individuals.I jointly estimate population distributions of risk and time preferences complete with their individual-level stability and of people’s propensity to make mistakes. I am the first to do so using the Random Preference Model (RPM) which has been recently shown to have desirable theoretical properties over previously used frameworks. I show that the RPM has high internal validity. The five estimated structural parameters largely dominate a wide range of demographic and socio-economic variables when it comes to explaining observed individual choices between risky lotteries and time-separated payments.I demonstrate the economic and econometric significance of appending shocks directly to preferences and of incorporating the trembling hand parameter - their necessary complement in this framework. Mistakes and preference instability are not only separately identified but they are also linked to different cognitive and non-cognitive skills. I propose a Rationality Index which condenses them into a single indicator predictive of welfare loss.I use a factor model to extract cognitive ability and Big Five personality traits from noisy measures. They explain up to 50% of the variation in both average preferences and in individuals’ capacity to make consistent rational choices. Conscientiousness explains 45% and 10% respectively of the cross-sectional variation discount rates and risk aversion respectively as well as 20% of the variation in their individual-level stability. Furthermore, risk aversion is related to extraversion and mistakes are a function of cognitive ability, task design, and of effort. Preferences are stable for the median individual. Nevertheless, a part of the population exhibits some degree of preference instability consistent with imperfect self-knowledge.These results have implications both for specifying reduced form and structural economic models, and for explaining inequality and the inter-generational transmission of socioeconomic status
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Ferreira, João Antonio da Silva Varandas. "Conflicted individuals : essays on the behavioral implications of multiple preferences." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0261/document.
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Dans cette thèse, j’explore les modèles de prise de décision basés sur des préférences multiples. Dans la première partie de la thèse, j’analyse certaines des implications de l’adoption des préférences multiples en économie et de différentes façons dont elles peuvent être conceptualisées et utilisées dans ce domaine. En particulier, je révise certaines des conséquences positives et normatives des préférences sur des préférences (chapitre 1), la distinction comportementale entre des modèles de préférences uniques et des modèles de préférences multiples (chapitre 2), et j’introduis un nouveau cadre de choix avec le temps dans lequel les modèles de préférences multiples peuvent être plus facilement caractérisés (chapitre 3). La deuxième partie de la thèse est con- sacrée à l’analyse théorique et empirique du comportement économique qui peut être représenté comme s’il résulte de la prise de décision avec des préférences multiples. En particulier, je construis un modèle pour étudier les effets des préférences multiples sur le comportement politique (chapitre 4) et je mène une étude expérimentale pour distinguer les différentes motivations derrière une potentielle valeur intrinsèque du droit de décision (chapitre 5)In this thesis I explore decision making models based on multiple preferences. In the first part of the thesis, I analyze some of the implications of adopting multiple preferences in economics and different ways in which they can be conceptualized and used within this field. In particular, I review some of the positive and normative consequences of preferences over preferences (Chapter 1), the behavioral (in)distinguishability of the single and multiple preferences models (Chapter 2), and introduce a new framework of choice with time in which models of changing preferences can be more easily characterized (Chapter 3). The second part of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis of economic meaningful behavior that can be represented as if it is the result of decision making with multiple preferences. In particular, I build a model to study the effects of multiple preferences to political behavior (Chapter 4), and run an experimental study to distinguish different motivations behind a potential intrinsic value of holding a decision right (Chapter 5)
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Marahrens, Lydia, Focke Ziemssen, Andreas Fritsche, Tjalf Ziemssen, Raimar Kern, Peter Martus, and Daniel Roeck. "Limited Time from the Diabetes Patients’ Perspective: Need for Conversation with the Eye Specialist." Karger, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70609.
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Purpose: Facing the lack of time, busy retina consultants should be aware of how the patients would prefer that time is spent and whether they wish the specialist to talk more at the expense of other medical activities. Methods: 810 persons with diabetes were asked to divide the time of 10 min between examination, consultation and treatment when envisioning a real-life scenario of diabetic retinopathy (NCT02311504). Results: With the increasing duration of diabetes, patients wanted significantly more time for diagnostics (p = 0.028), while age was found to be associated with less time for treatment (p = 0.009). Female subjects tended to prefer only little more time for talking (p = 0.051) in comparison with males, who slightly favored therapy (p = 0.025). Conclusions: The large majority recognized the need for diagnostics in their allocation of time. If individual patients are confronted with the health care perspective of time constraints, this might improve the understanding of prioritization.
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Eriksson, Alexander. "Driver Behaviour in Highly Automated Driving : An evaluation of the effects of traffic, time pressure, cognitive performance and driver attitudes on decision-making time using a web based testing platform." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107119.
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Driverless cars are a hot topic in today’s industry where several vehicle manufacturers try to create a reliable system for automated driving. The advantages of highly automated vehicles are many, safer roads and a lower environmental impact are some of the arguments for this technology. However, the notion of highly automated cars give rise to a large number of human factor issues regarding the safety and reliability of the automated system as well as concern about the driver’s role in the system. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of systematic variations in traffic complexity and external time pressure on decision-making time in a simulated situation using a web-based testing platform. A secondary focus was to examine whether measures of cognitive performance and driver attitudes have an effect on decision-making time. The results show that systematic variations in both time pressure and traffic complexity have an effect on decision-making time. This indicates that drivers are able to adapt their decision-making to facilitate the requirements of a certain situation. The results also indicate that intelligence; speed of processing and driver attitudes has an effect on decision-making time.