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Journal articles on the topic 'Time preferences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Miao, Bin, and Songfa Zhong. "Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: Separating Risk and Time Preference." American Economic Review 105, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 2272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20131183.

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Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a,b) observe that utility functions are distinct for risk and time preferences, and show that their findings are consistent with a preference for certainty. We revisit this question in an enriched experimental setting in which subjects make intertemporal decisions under different risk conditions. The observed choice behavior supports a separation between risk attitude and intertemporal substitution rather than a preference for certainty. We further show that several models, including Epstein and Zin (1989); Chew and Epstein (1990); and Halevy (2008) exhibit such a separation and can account for the overall experimental findings. (JEL C91, D81, D91)

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2

Andreoni, James, and Charles Sprenger. "Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences." American Economic Review 102, no. 7 (December 1, 2012): 3357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3357.

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Risk and time are intertwined. The present is known while the future is inherently risky. This is problematic when studying time preferences since uncontrolled risk can generate apparently present-biased behavior. We systematically manipulate risk in an intertemporal choice experiment. Discounted expected utility performs well with risk, but when certainty is added common ratio predictions fail sharply. The data cannot be explained by prospect theory, hyperbolic discounting, or preferences for resolution of uncertainty, but seem consistent with a direct preference for certainty. The data suggest strongly a difference between risk and time preferences. (JEL C91 D81 D91)

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3

Zhou, Yinglian, and Jifeng Chen. "Time Series Geographic Social Network Dynamic Preference Group Query." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 13, no. 4 (October 2021): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2021100102.

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Driven by experience and social impact of the new life, user preferences continue to change over time. In order to make up for the shortcomings of existing geographic social network models that often cannot obtain user dynamic preferences, a time-series geographic social network model was constructed to detect user dynamic preferences, a dynamic preference value model was built for user dynamic preference evaluation, and a dynamic preferences group query (DPG) was proposed in this paper . In order to optimize the efficiency of the DPG query algorithm, the UTC-tree index user timing check-in record is designed. UTC-tree avoids traversing all user check-in records in the query, accelerating user dynamic preference evaluation. Finally, the DPG query algorithm is used to implement a well-interacted DPG query system. Through a large number of comparative experiments, the validity of UTC-tree and the scalability of DPG query are verified.

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4

Cohen, Jonathan, Keith Marzilli Ericson, David Laibson, and John Myles White. "Measuring Time Preferences." Journal of Economic Literature 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 299–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20191074.

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We review research that measures time preferences—i.e., preferences over intertemporal trade—offs. We distinguish between studies using financial flows, which we call “money earlier or later” (MEL) decisions, and studies that use time-dated consumption/effort. Under different structural models, we show how to translate what MEL experiments directly measure (required rates of return for financial flows) into a discount function over utils. We summarize empirical regularities found in MEL studies and the predictive power of those studies. We explain why MEL choices are driven in part by some factors that are distinct from underlying time preferences. (JEL C61, D15)

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5

BYKVIST, KRISTER. "All Time Preferences?" Theoria 65, no. 1 (February 11, 2008): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1999.tb00113.x.

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6

Cheung, Stephen L. "Comment on “Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences”: On the Elicitation of Time Preference under Conditions of Risk." American Economic Review 105, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 2242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120946.

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Andreoni and Sprenger (2012a, b) report evidence that distinct utility functions govern choices under certainty and risk. I investigate the robustness of this result to the experimental design. I find that the effect disappears completely when a multiple price list instrument is used instead of a convex time budget design. Alternatively, the effect is reduced by half when sooner and later payment risks are realized using a single lottery instead of two independent lotteries. The result is thus at least partially driven by intertemporal diversification, supporting an explanation in terms of concavity of the intertemporal, and not only atemporal, utility function. (JEL C91, D81, D91)

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7

Harrison, Glenn W., Andre Hofmeyr, Don Ross, and J. Todd Swarthout. "Risk Preferences, Time Preferences, and Smoking Behavior." Southern Economic Journal 85, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 313–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12275.

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8

Andreoni, James, and Charles Sprenger. "Risk Preferences Are Not Time Preferences: Reply." American Economic Review 105, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 2287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150311.

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Can the well-known experimental phenomenon of present-bias in intertemporal choice be confounded with the risks associated with receiving payment? Can measurements of risk preferences be used to represent desires for smoothness in intertemporal payments? In our two 2012 papers in this journal we explored these two questions and found the answer to the first to be yes and the second to be no. We feel the three papers inspired by our work and published here underscore these arguments and point to interesting new possibilities for modeling and measuring risk over time. (JEL C91, D81, D91)

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9

Chen, Shou, and Guangbing Li. "Time-Inconsistent Preferences, Retirement, and Increasing Life Expectancy." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8681471.

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We study consumption behavior, retirement decisions, and endogenous growth within a dynamic equilibrium when individuals have present-biased preferences. Compared to individual with exponential preferences, individual with hyperbolic preferences will choose to retire early for present-biased preferences but to delay retirement for the initial time preference rate. We extend the benchmark equilibrium model to age-dependent survival law and solve numerically the equilibrium effects. It shows that, at the same age, the consumption-capital ratio may have slightly positive effect on increasing life expectancy before retirement but has a significantly positive effect on it after retirement.

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10

Stamps, Arthur E. "Of Time and Preference: Temporal Stability of Environmental Preferences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3 (December 1997): 883–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.883.

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Time is a central issue in discussions about art and in Berlyne's aesthetic theory. This article reports on the temporal stabilities of preferences for a novel and controversial building at three times after construction (2 years, 18 years, 23 years), and public preferences for 20 ordinary and noncontroversial buildings at three times over nine years. In all there were 5543 respondents. Analyses suggested that the initial response to the novel building was stable over the next 23 years, and the public responses for the 20 nonnovel buildings were stable over nine years. Implications for research are discussed.

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11

Larson, Douglas M., Sabina L. Shaikh, and David F. Layton. "Revealing Preferences for Leisure Time from Stated Preference Data." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86, no. 2 (May 2004): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00580.x.

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12

Hayakawa, Hiroaki. "On the rate of time preference under recursive preferences." Economics Letters 36, no. 4 (August 1991): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(91)90196-r.

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13

Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian. "Time Preferences and Bargaining." Econometrica 86, no. 1 (2018): 173–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta14396.

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14

Caillaud, Bernard, and Bruno Jullien. "Modelling time-inconsistent preferences." European Economic Review 44, no. 4-6 (May 2000): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2921(99)00061-6.

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15

Casari, Marco, and Davide Dragone. "On negative time preferences." Economics Letters 111, no. 1 (April 2011): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.12.010.

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16

García-Sanz, María, and José Alcantud. "The Indirect-Utility Criterion for Ranking Opportunity Sets over Time." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020241.

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A preference defined on a set of alternatives can be extended to a preference on the subsets of alternatives (named opportunity sets) in different ways. We specifically consider the application of the indirect-utility (IU) criterion in various stages, when both the alternatives and the preferences can change over time. In other words, we maintain the symmetry over time as far as criteria are concerned, but neither in the preferences, nor in the alternatives. We characterize this criterion by three testable axioms. Our study bears comparison with Krause (Economic Theory, 2008) for the two-period model.

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17

Rahmahdian, Rini, and Perry Warjiyo. "MENGUKUR TIME INCONSISTENCY KEBIJAKAN MONETER DI INDONESIA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2013): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v15i4.71.

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This study measured the time inconsistency of monetary policy in Indonesia using the asymmetric preference parameter in linear exponential loss function of the central bank. Asymmetric central bank preference becomes an important issue since many of the results on the time inconsistency problem under symmetric preferences may no longer hold under asymmetric preferences. Using two sub-samples, i.e. before and after the implementation of central bank independence act, the conditional mean and the conditional variance of the output gap were estimated and then proceed to estimate the reduced form of the model. The results showed the existence of an asymmetric preference parameter before the Bank Indonesia independence act, which indicated the presence of a time inconsistency problem of monetary policy. This finding implies Bank Indonesia put a negative weight instead of positive weight on the output gap prior to its independency. However, after the implementation of central bank independence, the monetary policy of Bank Indonesia has been consistent with symmetric policy preference over price stability and output. Keywords: Time inconsistency, discretionary, monetary policy, asymmetric central bank preference, output gap, inflation bias.JEL Classification : E52, E58

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18

de Andrés Calle, R., J. M. Cascón, and T. González-Arteaga. "Preferences stability: A measure of preferences changes over time." Decision Support Systems 129 (February 2020): 113169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2019.113169.

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19

Li, Lingjing, and Yu Tian. "Aesthetic Preference and Time: Preferred Painting Dilates Time Perception." SAGE Open 10, no. 3 (July 2020): 215824402093990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020939905.

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In the domain of aesthetic preference, previous studies focused primarily on exploring the factors that influence aesthetic preference while neglecting to investigate whether aesthetic preference affects other psychological activities. This study sought to expand our understanding of time perception by examining whether aesthetic preference in viewing paintings influenced its perceived duration. Participants who preferred Chinese paintings ( n = 20) and participants who preferred western paintings ( n = 21) were recruited to complete a temporal reproduction task that measured their time perception of Chinese paintings and of western paintings. The results showed that participants who preferred Chinese paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for Chinese paintings than for western paintings, while the participants who preferred western paintings exhibited longer time perceptions for western paintings than for Chinese paintings. These results suggested that aesthetic preference could modulate our perceived duration of painting presentation. Specifically, individuals perceive longer painting presentation durations when exposed to the stimuli matching their aesthetic preferences.

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20

Sultan, Fareena, and Roy B. Henrichs. "Consumer preferences for Internet services over time: initial explorations." Journal of Consumer Marketing 17, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341036.

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Investigates time as a factor that influences consumer preferences for innovative technological services such as the Internet. Specifically, the case of consumer adoption of the Internet for home use is explored. Examines the effect of time of adoption of Internet based services on preferences at the individual consumer level. The key research question is “What is the effect of time of adoption on consumer preferences for a technological service such as the Internet?” The primary contribution of this research is to demonstrate that existing time preference frameworks, previously applied to consumer durable products, can also be applied to technological service innovations, such as the Internet. An empirical examination is conducted using data from a survey of consumers in the initial stages of Internet adoption.

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21

Toure, M. Wyatt, Fletcher J. Young, W. Owen McMillan, and Stephen H. Montgomery. "Heliconiini butterflies can learn time-dependent reward associations." Biology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 20200424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0424.

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For many pollinators, flowers provide predictable temporal schedules of resource availability, meaning an ability to learn time-dependent information could be widely beneficial. However, this ability has only been demonstrated in a handful of species. Observations of Heliconius butterflies suggest that they may have an ability to form time-dependent foraging preferences. Heliconius are unique among butterflies in actively collecting pollen, a dietary behaviour linked to spatio-temporally faithful ‘trap-line' foraging. Time dependency of foraging preferences is hypothesized to allow Heliconius to exploit temporal predictability in alternative pollen resources. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis, demonstrating that Heliconius hecale can learn opposing colour preferences in two time periods. This shift in preference is robust to the order of presentation, suggesting that preference is tied to the time of day and not due to ordinal or interval learning. However, this ability is not limited to Heliconius , as previously hypothesized, but also present in a related genus of non-pollen feeding butterflies. This demonstrates time learning likely pre-dates the origin of pollen feeding and may be prevalent across butterflies with less specialized foraging behaviours.

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22

Guo, Nick L., and Frank N. Caliendo. "Time-inconsistent preferences and time-inconsistent policies." Journal of Mathematical Economics 51 (March 2014): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2014.01.007.

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23

Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah. "Are Risk Preferences Stable?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.2.135.

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It is ultimately an empirical question whether risk preferences are stable over time. The evidence comes from diverse strands of literature, covering the stability of risk preferences in panel data over shorter periods of time, life-cycle dynamics in risk preferences, the possibly long-lasting effects of exogenous shocks on risk preferences as well as temporary variations in risk preferences. Individual risk preferences appear to be persistent and moderately stable over time, but their degree of stability is too low to be reconciled with the assumption of perfect stability in neoclassical economic theory. We offer an alternative conceptual framework for preference stability that builds on research regarding the stability of personality traits in psychology. The definition of stability used in psychology implies high levels of rank-order stability across individuals and not that the individual will maintain the same level of a trait over time. Preference parameters are considered as distributions with a mean that is significantly but less than perfectly stable, plus some systematic variance. This framework accommodates evidence on systematic changes in risk preferences over the life cycle, due to exogenous shocks such as economic crises or natural catastrophes, and due to temporary changes in self-control resources, emotions, or stress. We note that research on the stability of (risk) preferences is conceptually at the heart of microeconomics and systematic changes in risk preferences have vital real-world consequences.

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24

Bartoš, Vojtěch, Michal Bauer, Julie Chytilová, and Ian Levely. "Psychological Effects of Poverty on Time Preferences." Economic Journal 131, no. 638 (February 1, 2021): 2357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueab007.

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Abstract We test whether an environment of poverty affects time preferences through purely psychological channels. We measured discount rates among farmers in Uganda who made decisions about when to enjoy entertainment instead of working. To circumvent the role of economic constraints, we experimentally induced thoughts about poverty-related problems, using priming techniques. We find that thinking about poverty increases the preference to consume entertainment early and to delay work. Using monitoring tools similar to eye tracking, a novel feature for this subject pool, we show that this effect is unlikely to be driven by less careful decision-making processes.

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25

Guyse, Jeffery L., L. Robin Keller, and Candice H. Huynh. "Valuing Sequences of Lives Lost or Saved Over Time: Preference for Uniform Sequences." Decision Analysis 17, no. 1 (March 2020): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.2019.0397.

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Policymakers often make decisions involving human-mortality risks and monetary outcomes that span across different time periods and horizons. Many projects or environmental-regulation policies involving risks to life, such as toxic exposures, are experienced over time. The preferences of individuals on lives lost or saved over time should be understood to implement effective policies. Using a within-subject survey design, we investigated our participants’ elicited preferences (in the form of ratings) for sequences of lives saved or lost over time at the participant level. The design of our study allowed us to directly observe the possible preference patterns of negative time discounting or a preference for spreading from the responses. Additionally, we embedded factors associated with three other prevalent anomalies of intertemporal choice (gain/loss asymmetry, short/long asymmetry, and the absolute magnitude effect) into our study for control. We find that our participants exhibit three of the anomalies: preference for spreading, absolute magnitude effect, and short/long-term asymmetry. Furthermore, fitting the data collected, Loewenstein and Prelec’s model for the valuation of sequences of outcomes allowed for a more thorough understanding of the factors influencing the individual participants’ preferences. Based on the results, the standard discounting model does not accurately reflect the value that some people place on sequences of mortality outcomes. Preferences for uniform sequences should be considered in policymaking rather than applying the standard discounting model.

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26

Fitzsimmons, Zack, and Martin Lackner. "Incomplete Preferences in Single-Peaked Electorates." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67 (April 13, 2020): 797–833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11577.

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Incomplete preferences are likely to arise in real-world preference aggregation scenarios. This paper deals with determining whether an incomplete preference profile is single-peaked. This is valuable information since many intractable voting problems become tractable given singlepeaked preferences. We prove that the problem of recognizing single-peakedness is NP-complete for incomplete profiles consisting of partial orders. Despite this intractability result, we find several polynomial-time algorithms for reasonably restricted settings. In particular, we give polynomial-time recognition algorithms for weak orders, which can be viewed as preferences with indifference.

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27

Ikeda, Shinsuke. "Tariffs, Time Preference, and the Current Account under Weakly Nonseparable Preferences." Review of International Economics 11, no. 1 (February 2003): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00371.

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28

Jabbarian, Lea Jasmina, Renee Maciejewski, Paul K. Maciejewski, and Holly Gwen Prigerson. "The stability of treatment preferences of advanced cancer patients over time." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e21501-e21501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e21501.

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e21501 Background: The stability of patient treatment preferences has important implications for the optimal timing of advance care planning. Nevertheless, longitudinal data on cancer patients in real-life settings have not examined stability of treatment preferences over time. This study examines the stability of treatment preferences of advanced cancer patients over time and the potential influence of changes in physical functioning. Methods: The patient sample (N = 104) was drawn from a multi-institutional, longitudinal cohort study of patients recruited between 2010 and 2015. Patients with metastatic solid tumor cancer that had progressed on prior chemotherapy regimens were interviewed after an initial clinic meeting in which their most recent scan results were discussed (baseline) and, subsequently, completed monthly follow-ups. Patients reported their treatment preferences (i.e., comfort versus life-extending care) and physical functioning at each assessment. Results: The treatment preferences of the majority of patients (80.8%) remained stable within the first month of follow-up. Patient characteristics, such as age or type of cancer, were not significantly associated with treatment preference stability. The proportion of patients whose preferences changed in favor of comfort care (10.6%) was only slightly higher than the proportion of patients whose preferences changed in favor of life-extending care (8.7%). The same pattern held for the two- and three-month follow-up assessments. Improvement in physical functioning was significantly associated with change in treatment preferences. However, the vast majority of patients (72.2%) had stable or declining physical functioning. Conclusions: Most advanced cancer patients have stable treatment preferences regarding comfort versus life-extending care in the months leading up to their death. Thus, advance care planning earlier in the course of illness may not be premature for the vast majority of patients. As physical functioning changes, treatment preferences should be re-evaluated.

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29

Rahmahdian, Rini, and Perry Warjiyo. "Measuring the Time Inconsistency of Monetary Policy in Indonesia." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2013): 321–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v15i4.430.

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This study measured the time inconsistency of monetary policy in Indonesia using the asymmetric preference parameter in linear exponential loss function of the central bank. Asymmetric central bank preference becomes an important issue since many of the results on the time inconsistency problem under symmetric preferences may no longer hold under asymmetric preferences. Using two sub-samples, i.e. before and after the implementation of central bank independence act, the conditional mean and the conditional variance of the output gap were estimated and then proceed to estimate the reduced form of the model. The results showed the existence of an asymmetric preference parameter before the Bank Indonesia independence act, which indicated the presence of a time inconsistency problem of monetary policy. This finding implies Bank Indonesia put a negative weight instead of positive weight on the output gap prior to its independency. However, after the implementation of central bank independence, the monetary policy of Bank Indonesia has been consistent with symmetric policy preference over price stability and output. Keywords: Time inconsistency, discretionary, monetary policy, asymmetric central bank preference, output gap, inflation bias.JEL Classification : E52, E58

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30

Fredslund, Eskild Klausen, Morten Raun Mørkbak, and Dorte Gyrd-Hansen. "Different domains – Different time preferences?" Social Science & Medicine 207 (June 2018): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.052.

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31

Suzuki, Masataka. "Continuous-time smooth ambiguity preferences." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 90 (May 2018): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2018.01.042.

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32

Dodd, Mark. "Obesity and time-inconsistent preferences." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2, no. 2 (July 2008): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2008.04.006.

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33

Saqib, Najam U., and Eugene Y. Chan. "Time pressure reverses risk preferences." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 130 (September 2015): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.06.004.

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34

van Huizen, Thomas, and Rob Alessie. "Time preferences and career investments." Labour Economics 35 (August 2015): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2015.03.017.

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35

Kyu Kim, B., Gal Zauberman, and James R. Bettman. "Space, Time, and Intertemporal Preferences." Journal of Consumer Research 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/666464.

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36

Gollier, Christian, and Richard Zeckhauser. "Aggregation of Heterogeneous Time Preferences." Journal of Political Economy 113, no. 4 (August 2005): 878–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430853.

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37

Andersen, Steffen, Glenn W. Harrison, Morten I. Lau, and E. Elisabet Rutström. "Eliciting Risk and Time Preferences." Econometrica 76, no. 3 (May 2008): 583–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2008.00848.x.

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38

Soofi, Moslem, Ali Akbari Sari, Satar Rezaei, Mohammad Hajizadeh, and Farid Najafi. "Individual time preferences and obesity." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2019-0271.

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Purpose Behavioral economic analysis of health-related behavior is a potentially useful approach to study and control non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this paper is to explore the time preferences of individuals and its impact on obesity in an adult population of Iran. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was completed by 792 individuals who were randomly selected from the participants of an ongoing national Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN cohort study in West of Iran. The quasi-hyperbolic discounting model was used to estimate the parameters of time preferences and a probit regression model was used to explore the correlation between obesity and time preferences. Findings There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and both the long-run patience and present-biased preferences of participants. Individuals with a low level of long-run patience were 10.2 percentage points more likely to be obese compared to individuals with a high level of long-run patience. The probability of being obese increased by 11 percentage points in present-biased individuals compared to future biased individuals. Originality/value The long-run patience and time inconsistent preferences were significant determinants of obesity. Considering the time-inconsistent preferences in the development of policies to change obesity-related behavior among adults might increase the success rate of the interventions.

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39

Franzen, Axel, and Dominikus Vogl. "Time Preferences and Environmental Concern." International Journal of Sociology 43, no. 4 (December 2013): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ijs0020-7659430401.

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40

Krol, Marieke, Arthur E. Attema, Job van Exel, and Werner Brouwer. "Altruistic Preferences in Time Tradeoff." Medical Decision Making 36, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x15615870.

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41

Atlas, Stephen A., Eric J. Johnson, and John W. Payne. "Time Preferences and Mortgage Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 54, no. 3 (June 2017): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0481.

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42

Meier, Stephan, and Charles D. Sprenger. "Temporal Stability of Time Preferences." Review of Economics and Statistics 97, no. 2 (May 2015): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00433.

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43

Dittrich, Marcus, and Kristina Leipold. "Gender differences in time preferences." Economics Letters 122, no. 3 (March 2014): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.01.002.

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44

Ferecatu, Alina, and Ayse Önçüler. "Heterogeneous risk and time preferences." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 53, no. 1 (August 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-016-9243-x.

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45

Bradford, David, Charles Courtemanche, Garth Heutel, Patrick McAlvanah, and Christopher Ruhm. "Time preferences and consumer behavior." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 55, no. 2-3 (December 2017): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-018-9272-8.

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46

Freeman, David, Paola Manzini, Marco Mariotti, and Luigi Mittone. "Procedures for eliciting time preferences." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 126 (June 2016): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2016.03.017.

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47

Robles, Jack. "Evolution, bargaining, and time preferences." Economic Theory 35, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-007-0227-6.

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Tudor, Scarlett, and Molly Morris. "Variation in male mate preference for female size in the swordtail Xiphophorus malinche." Behaviour 146, no. 6 (2009): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x446172.

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AbstractMale and female mate preferences have the potential to influence one another, and such interactions could help explain variation in female mate preferences. In Xiphophorus malinche, larger females prefer asymmetrical males while smaller females prefer symmetrical males. We used a two-part preference test to determine if there were differences in mate preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical males for female size that could influence female mate preference. We found no significant difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical male's preferences. A preference for large female size was detected during the time males directly interacted with females and in standard dichotomous choice tests that followed, as long as the males had been isolated less than 30 days. We did detect variation in male preference for female size depending on male size and the amount of time a male was isolated. These results suggest that variation in male mate preference is not likely to have produced the difference in female preference for symmetry between large and small females, but should be considered where females vary in their preference for male size. In addition, our results suggest that males may shift their preferences from large to small females depending on time since last mating opportunity.

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Nowack, Kati. "Unfinished sympathies: Influence of individual temporal orientation on music preferences." Psychology of Music 47, no. 5 (May 28, 2018): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618775200.

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Temporal aspects have been studied extensively within the context of music perception but insufficiently within the context of music preference. In this online questionnaire study, I investigated the impact of chronotype (morningness, eveningness) and time perspective (present, future) on music preferences. Participants ( n = 258) completed the Short Test of Music Preferences for 26 music genres, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Principal component analysis replicated a six-component structure of music preference. Whilst preference scores were highest for intense music for all participants, I found significant effects of chronotype and time perspective on music preferences. In particular, present-oriented evening types and future-oriented morning types differed in their preferences for various music genres. Consistent with a matching hypothesis, present-oriented evening types (fast life histories) showed greater preferences for contemporary (i.e., high rhythmic complexity), sophisticated (i.e., high complexity) and electronic music (i.e., fast tempo) compared to future-oriented morning types (slow life histories; greater difficulties with temporal irregularities). Consistent with a self-regulation hypothesis, present-oriented evening types showed greater preferences than future-oriented morning types for campestral music (i.e., slow tempo and low complexity).

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Meng, Qingfeng, Zhen Li, Jianguo Du, Huimin Liu, and Xiang Ding. "Negotiation for Time Optimization in Construction Projects with Competitive and Social Welfare Preferences." Complexity 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3269025.

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Construction time optimization is affected greatly by the negotiation between owners and contractors, whose progress is dictated by their desire to maximize system revenues. This paper builds an agent-based model and designs an experimental scenario in which the contractor has competitive and social welfare preferences relevant to the Chinese context; we subdivide competitive preference into greed and jealousy components and subdivide social welfare preference into generosity and sympathy components. We analyze the impacts of these different contractor preferences on the revenue-sharing coefficient, negotiation success rate, and negotiation time when negotiation reaches agreement. The results show that the jealousy component of competitive preference has an important influence on improving the income of the subject, while the greed component does not significantly enhance the revenue-sharing coefficient. The sympathy component of social welfare preference does not have an influence on the revenue-sharing coefficient no matter the strength of the generosity component. Increasing the greed component of competitive preference will lead to the extension of negotiation time and, to a certain extent, to the reduction of the negotiation success rate; the sympathy component of social welfare preference does not have an influence on negotiation time no matter the strength of the generosity preference.

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