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Journal articles on the topic 'Timing errors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Deeg, Hans J. "A Modified Kwee–Van Woerden Method for Eclipse Minimum Timing with Reliable Error Estimates." Galaxies 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies9010001.

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The Kwee–van Woerden (KvW) method used for the determination of eclipse minimum times has been a staple in eclipsing binary research for decades, due its simplicity and the independence of external input parameters, which also makes it well-suited to obtaining timings of exoplanet transits. However, its estimates of the timing error have been known to have a low reliability. During the analysis of very precise photometry of CM Draconis eclipses from TESS space mission data, KvW’s original equation for the timing error estimate produced numerical errors, which evidenced a fundamental problem in this equation. This contribution introduces an improved approach for calculating the timing error with the KvW method. A code that implements this improved method, together with several further updates of the original method, are presented. An example of the application to CM Draconis light curves from TESS is given. The eclipse minimum times are derived with the KvW method’s three original light curve folds, but also with five and seven folds. The use of five or more folds produces minimum timings with a substantially better precision. The improved method of error calculation delivers consistent timing errors which are in excellent agreement with error estimates obtained by other means. In the case of TESS data from CM Draconis, minimum times with an average precision of 1.1 s are obtained. Reliable timing errors are also a valuable indicator for evaluating if a given scatter in an O-C diagram is caused by measurement errors or by a physical period variation.

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2

Yang, Kai, and Kwang-Ting Cheng. "Silicon Debug for Timing Errors." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 26, no. 11 (November 2007): 2084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2007.906479.

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3

Ding, Mingzhou, Yanqing Chen, and J. A. Scott Kelso. "Statistical Analysis of Timing Errors." Brain and Cognition 48, no. 1 (February 2002): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1306.

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4

Hart, Melanie A., and T. Gilmour Reeve. "A Preliminary Comparison of Stimulus Presentation Methods with the Bassin Anticipation Timing Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 1 (August 1997): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.344.

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The Bassin Anticipation Timing Task was used to compare response performance when the stimulus terminated at the target location to when the stimulus continued past the target location. Two conditions (terminating and continuing) were tested by measuring timing errors on the task. Analyses indicated no significant differences in absolute error and variable error between the conditions. However, analysis of constant error showed a significant effect, with the timing errors being fewer on the terminating condition. These results suggest that the two stimulus presentation methods with the Bassin Anticipation Task differentially influence timing performance.

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5

Seibert, Simon Paul, Uwe Ehret, and Erwin Zehe. "Disentangling timing and amplitude errors in streamflow simulations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 3745–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3745-2016.

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Abstract. This article introduces an improvement in the Series Distance (SD) approach for the improved discrimination and visualization of timing and magnitude uncertainties in streamflow simulations. SD emulates visual hydrograph comparison by distinguishing periods of low flow and periods of rise and recession in hydrological events. Within these periods, it determines the distance of two hydrographs not between points of equal time but between points that are hydrologically similar. The improvement comprises an automated procedure to emulate visual pattern matching, i.e. the determination of an optimal level of generalization when comparing two hydrographs, a scaled error model which is better applicable across large discharge ranges than its non-scaled counterpart, and "error dressing", a concept to construct uncertainty ranges around deterministic simulations or forecasts. Error dressing includes an approach to sample empirical error distributions by increasing variance contribution, which can be extended from standard one-dimensional distributions to the two-dimensional distributions of combined time and magnitude errors provided by SD. In a case study we apply both the SD concept and a benchmark model (BM) based on standard magnitude errors to a 6-year time series of observations and simulations from a small alpine catchment. Time–magnitude error characteristics for low flow and rising and falling limbs of events were substantially different. Their separate treatment within SD therefore preserves useful information which can be used for differentiated model diagnostics, and which is not contained in standard criteria like the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. Construction of uncertainty ranges based on the magnitude of errors of the BM approach and the combined time and magnitude errors of the SD approach revealed that the BM-derived ranges were visually narrower and statistically superior to the SD ranges. This suggests that the combined use of time and magnitude errors to construct uncertainty envelopes implies a trade-off between the added value of explicitly considering timing errors and the associated, inevitable time-spreading effect which inflates the related uncertainty ranges. Which effect dominates depends on the characteristics of timing errors in the hydrographs at hand. Our findings confirm that Series Distance is an elaborated concept for the comparison of simulated and observed streamflow time series which can be used for detailed hydrological analysis and model diagnostics and to inform us about uncertainties related to hydrological predictions.

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6

Ahn, Jee Seon, Jun Ho Yoon, Jae-Jin Kim, and Jin Young Park. "Movement-Related Potentials Associated with Motor Timing Errors as Determined by Internally Cued Movement Onset." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 7 (July 25, 2021): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0434.

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Objective Accurate motor timing is critical for efficient motor control of behaviors; however, the effect of motor timing abilities on movement-related neural activities has rarely been investigated. The current study aimed to examine the electrophysiological correlates of motor timing errors.Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers performed motor timing tasks while their electroencephalographic and electromyographic (EMG) activities were simultaneously recorded. The average of intervals between consecutive EMG onsets was calculated separately for each subject. Motor timing error was calculated as an absolute discrepancy value between the subjects’ produced and given time interval. A movement-related potential (MRP) analysis was conducted using readings from Cz electrode.Results Motor timing errors and MRPs were significantly correlated. Our principal finding was that only Bereitschaftpotential (BP) and motor potential (MP), not movement monitoring potential, were significantly attenuated in individuals with motor timing errors. Motor timing error had a significant effect on the amplitude of the late BP and MP.Conclusion The findings provide electrophysiological evidence that motor timing errors correlate with the neural processes involved in the generation of self-initiated voluntary movement. Alterations in MRPs reflect central motor control processes and may be indicative of motor timing deficits.

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7

Fairhead, L. "Systematic Astrometric Errors in Pulsar Timing." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090008685x.

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A new analysis of the timing data acquired on the fast pulsar PSR1937+214 is presented. Parameters are evaluated with various models based on two ephemerides, two atomic time scales and two TT—TB time transformations. Comparisons are carried out with results from other programs. We provide evidence that systematic errors induced by the model adopted are 5 to 10 times larger than the formal uncertainties calculated by the fitting procedure. Great care must thus be taken when using results from different millisecond pulsars timing programs for accurate astrometric purposes.

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8

Irie, Hidetsugu, Ken Sugimoto, Masahiro Goshima, and Shuich Sakai. "Preventing timing errors on register writes." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 35, no. 5 (December 2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1360464.1360473.

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9

Gordon, A. J., and R. A. Finkel. "Handling timing errors in distributed programs." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14, no. 10 (October 1988): 1525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.6197.

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10

Minvielle-Moncla, Joëlle, Michel Audiffren, Françoise Macar, and Cécile Vallet. "Overproduction Timing Errors in Expert Dancers." Journal of Motor Behavior 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jmbr.40.4.291-300.

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11

Dupraz, Elsa, David Declercq, and Bane Vasic. "Asymptotic Error Probability of the Gallager B Decoder Under Timing Errors." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 4 (April 2017): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2647804.

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12

Garofalo, Sara, Christopher Timmermann, Simone Battaglia, Martin E. Maier, and Giuseppe di Pellegrino. "Mediofrontal Negativity Signals Unexpected Timing of Salient Outcomes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 4 (April 2017): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01074.

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The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ACC have been consistently implicated in learning predictions of future outcomes and signaling prediction errors (i.e., unexpected deviations from such predictions). A computational model of ACC/mPFC posits that these prediction errors should be modulated by outcomes occurring at unexpected times, even if the outcomes themselves are predicted. However, unexpectedness per se is not the only variable that modulates ACC/mPFC activity, as studies reported its sensitivity to the salience of outcomes. In this study, mediofrontal negativity, a component of the event-related brain potential generated in ACC/mPFC and coding for prediction errors, was measured in 48 participants performing a Pavlovian aversive conditioning task, during which aversive (thus salient) and neutral outcomes were unexpectedly shifted (i.e., anticipated or delayed) in time. Mediofrontal ERP signals of prediction error were observed for outcomes occurring at unexpected times but were specific for salient (shock-associated), as compared with neutral, outcomes. These findings have important implications for the theoretical accounts of ACC/mPFC and suggest a critical role of timing and salience information in prediction error signaling.

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13

Jomartov, Assylbek. "Errors of Timing Diagram of Automatic Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.228.

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The paper presents the method of determining of the errors of timing diagram of automatic machine. The timing diagram of automatic machine is represented in a vector form with preservation of the visibility of a linear timing diagram. To determine of the errors of actuation of the mechanisms is used the method of calculating of dimensional chains. The method allows taking into account the errors of operation of mechanisms of automatic machine at design of the timing diagrams.

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14

Stiber, Michael. "Spike Timing Precision and Neural Error Correction: Local Behavior." Neural Computation 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1577–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766053723069.

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The effects of spike timing precision and dynamical behavior on error correction in spiking neurons were investigated. Stationary discharges—phase locked, quasiperiodic, or chaotic—were induced in a simulated neuron by presenting pacemaker presynaptic spike trains across a model of a prototypical inhibitory synapse. Reduced timing precision was modeled by jittering presynaptic spike times. Aftereffects of errors—in this communication, missed presynaptic spikes—were determined by comparing postsynaptic spike times between simulations identical except for the presence or absence of errors. Results show that the effects of an error vary greatly depending on the ongoing dynamical behavior. In the case of phase lockings, a high degree of presynaptic spike timing precision can provide significantly faster error recovery. For nonlocked behaviors, isolated missed spikes can have little or no discernible aftereffects (or even serve to paradoxically reduce uncertainty in postsynaptic spike timing), regardless of presynaptic imprecision. This suggests two possible categories of error correction: high-precision locking with rapid recovery and low-precision nonlocked with error immunity.

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15

Artyukh, Yu, V. Bespal’ko, and E. Boole. "Nonlinearity errors of high-precision event timing." Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 42, no. 4 (August 2008): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411608040044.

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16

Jing, Hongkui, Cecylia Chojnowska, Sabine Heim, Jennifer Thomas, and April A. Benasich. "Timing errors in auditory event-related potentials." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 138, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.009.

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17

Tang, Tuck Cheong. "Japan's balancing item: do timing errors matter?" Applied Economics Letters 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2006): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850500378718.

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18

Stewart, David B., and Pradeep K. Khosla. "Mechanisms for detecting and handling timing errors." Communications of the ACM 40, no. 1 (January 1997): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/242857.242883.

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19

Welker, James A. "Antibiotic Timing and Errors in Diagnosing Pneumonia." Archives of Internal Medicine 168, no. 4 (February 25, 2008): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2007.84.

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20

Towler, Erin, and James L. McCreight. "A wavelet-based approach to streamflow event identification and modeled timing error evaluation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 2599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2599-2021.

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Abstract. Streamflow timing errors (in the units of time) are rarely explicitly evaluated but are useful for model evaluation and development. Wavelet-based approaches have been shown to reliably quantify timing errors in streamflow simulations but have not been applied in a systematic way that is suitable for model evaluation. This paper provides a step-by-step methodology that objectively identifies events, and then estimates timing errors for those events, in a way that can be applied to large-sample, high-resolution predictions. Step 1 applies the wavelet transform to the observations and uses statistical significance to identify observed events. Step 2 utilizes the cross-wavelet transform to calculate the timing errors for the events identified in step 1; this includes the diagnostic of model event hits, and timing errors are only assessed for hits. The methodology is illustrated using real and simulated stream discharge data from several locations to highlight key method features. The method groups event timing errors by dominant timescales, which can be used to identify the potential processes contributing to the timing errors and the associated model development needs. For instance, timing errors that are associated with the diurnal melt cycle are identified. The method is also useful for documenting and evaluating model performance in terms of defined standards. This is illustrated by showing the version-over-version performance of the National Water Model (NWM) in terms of timing errors.

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21

Sandeep, P., S. Chandan, and A. Chaturvedi. "Evaluation of error probabilities in the presence of timing errors and fading." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2007.05419.

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22

Arekapudi, Srikanth, Fei Xin, Jinzheng Peng, and Ian G. Harris. "ATPG for Timing Errors in Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous Systems." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 03 (June 2003): 305–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603000775.

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Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) systems are now commonplace in many cost-critical and life-critical applications, thus motivating the need for a systematic approach to verify functionality. The complexity of the verification problem for large heterogeneous GALS systems necessitates the development of simulation-based validation approaches to uniformly validate hardware, software, and their interaction. GALS systems are comprised of several processes which may be mapped to different hardware and software components and communicate through asynchronous interfaces. Communication between these processes must be verified to ensure that the system is working correctly. Previous work focuses on checking the correctness of individual processes rather than communication between multiple processes. Timing errors may cause a signal to have an incorrect value for a short time period. Timing errors can cause a problem in GALS systems if the value of a signal with a timing error is used while is has an incorrect value. This paper presents an automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tool to generate tests for timing-induced functional errors.

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23

LaRue, Jacques. "Initial Learning of Timing in Combined Serial Movements and a No-Movement Situation." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.509.

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We investigate differences in timing errors in a task that imitated the movement sequence of a cello player. We trained a group of 17 young adults to perform a sequence of linear reversal movements of different lengths but with a constant movement time. Thus, each segment required the movement speed to be changed. The sequence had to be performed with fluidity, except for a �no-movement� segment that was embedded in the movement series. Feedback on timing was given for each segment. Results from this experiment show that the no-movement segment is more variable than any of the movement segments. There was no significant correlation between the timing errors of the successive movements and the timing error of the pause. These results provide further evidence in favor of two distinct timing processes: one used for continuous movements and one used for no-movement and discontinuous movements.

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24

Fratini, Gerardo, Simone Sabbatini, Kevin Ediger, Brad Riensche, George Burba, Giacomo Nicolini, Domenico Vitale, and Dario Papale. "Eddy covariance flux errors due to random and systematic timing errors during data acquisition." Biogeosciences 15, no. 17 (September 14, 2018): 5473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5473-2018.

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Abstract. Modern eddy covariance (EC) systems collect high-frequency data (10–20 Hz) via digital outputs of instruments. This is an important evolution with respect to the traditional and widely used mixed analog/digital systems, as fully digital systems help overcome the traditional limitations of transmission reliability, data quality, and completeness of the datasets. However, fully digital acquisition introduces a new problem for guaranteeing data synchronicity when the clocks of the involved devices themselves cannot be synchronized, which is often the case with instruments providing data via serial or Ethernet connectivity in a streaming mode. In this paper, we suggest that, when assembling EC systems “in-house”, aspects related to timing issues need to be carefully considered to avoid significant flux biases. By means of a simulation study, we found that, in most cases, random timing errors can safely be neglected, as they do not impact fluxes significantly. At the same time, systematic timing errors potentially arising in asynchronous systems can effectively act as filters leading to significant flux underestimations, as large as 10 %, by means of attenuation of high-frequency flux contributions. We characterized the transfer function of such “filters” as a function of the error magnitude and found cutoff frequencies as low as 1 Hz, implying that synchronization errors can dominate high-frequency attenuations in open- and enclosed-path EC systems. In most cases, such timing errors neither be detected nor characterized a posteriori. Therefore, it is important to test the ability of traditional and prospective EC data logging systems to assure the required synchronicity and propose a procedure to implement such a test relying on readily available equipment.

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25

Kim, Sukwon Thomas. "The Timing of Opening Trades and Pricing Errors." Financial Management 42, no. 3 (March 17, 2013): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fima.12009.

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26

Rylyakov, A. V., and K. K. Likharev. "Pulse jitter and timing errors in RSFQ circuits." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 3539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.783794.

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27

Raut, Prasanna, Prabhat Kumar Sharma, and Ashwin Kothari. "FD Multi-User Mobile System With Timing Errors." IEEE Communications Letters 23, no. 12 (December 2019): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2019.2939247.

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28

Chen, Yanqing, Mingzhou Ding, and J. A. Scott Kelso. "Origins of Timing Errors in Human Sensorimotor Coordination." Journal of Motor Behavior 33, no. 1 (March 2001): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222890109601897.

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29

Zhou, X. Z., Z. Y. Pu, Q. G. Zong, P. Song, S. Y. Fu, J. Wang, and H. Zhang. "On the error estimation of multi-spacecraft timing method." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 10 (October 20, 2009): 3949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3949-2009.

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Abstract. The multi-spacecraft timing method, a data analysis technique based on four-point measurements to obtain the normal vector and velocity of an observed boundary, has been widely applied to various discontinuities in the solar wind and the magnetosphere studies. In this paper, we perform simulations to analyze the errors of the timing method by specifying the error sources to the uncertainties in the determination of the time delays between each spacecraft pair. It is shown that the timing method may have large errors if either the spacecraft tetrahedron is largely elongated and/or flattened, or the discontinuity moves much slower than the constellation itself. The results, therefore, suggest that some of the applications of the timing method require reexamination with special caution, in particular for the studies of the slow-moving discontinuities associated with, for example, the plasmaspheric plumes.

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Vogt, J., S. Haaland, and G. Paschmann. "Accuracy of multi-point boundary crossing time analysis." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 12 (December 10, 2011): 2239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-2239-2011.

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Abstract. Recent multi-spacecraft studies of solar wind discontinuity crossings using the timing (boundary plane triangulation) method gave boundary parameter estimates that are significantly different from those of the well-established single-spacecraft minimum variance analysis (MVA) technique. A large survey of directional discontinuities in Cluster data turned out to be particularly inconsistent in the sense that multi-point timing analyses did not identify any rotational discontinuities (RDs) whereas the MVA results of the individual spacecraft suggested that RDs form the majority of events. To make multi-spacecraft studies of discontinuity crossings more conclusive, the present report addresses the accuracy of the timing approach to boundary parameter estimation. Our error analysis is based on the reciprocal vector formalism and takes into account uncertainties both in crossing times and in the spacecraft positions. A rigorous error estimation scheme is presented for the general case of correlated crossing time errors and arbitrary spacecraft configurations. Crossing time error covariances are determined through cross correlation analyses of the residuals. The principal influence of the spacecraft array geometry on the accuracy of the timing method is illustrated using error formulas for the simplified case of mutually uncorrelated and identical errors at different spacecraft. The full error analysis procedure is demonstrated for a solar wind discontinuity as observed by the Cluster FGM instrument.

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Tolley, C. L., N. W. Watson, A. Heed, J. Einbeck, S. Medows, L. Wood, L. Campbell, and S. P. Slight. "The Impact of a Bedside Medication Scanning Device on Administration Errors in the Hospital Setting: A Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab016.011.

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Abstract Introduction The medication administration process is complex and influenced by interruptions, multi-tasking and responding to patient’s needs and is consequently prone to errors.1 Over half (54.4%) of the 237 million medication errors estimated to have occurred in England each year were found to have taken place at the administration stage and 7.6% were associated with moderate or severe harm. The implementation of a Closed Loop Medication Administration solution aims to reduce medication administration errors and prevent patient harm. Aim We conducted the first evaluation to assess the impact of a novel optical medication scanning device, MedEye, on the rate of medication administration errors in solid oral dosage forms. Methods We performed a before and after study on one ward at a tertiary-care teaching hospital that used a commercial electronic prescribing and medication administration system and was implementing MedEye (a bedside tool for stopping and preventing medication administration errors). Pre-MedEye data collection occurred between Aug-Nov 2019 and post-MedEye data collection occurred between Feb-Mar 2020. We conducted direct observations of nursing drug administration rounds before and after the MedEye implementation. Observers recorded what they observed being administered (e.g., drug name, form, strength and quantity) and compared this to what was prescribed. Errors were classified as either a ‘timing’ error, ‘omission’ error or ‘other’ error. We calculated the rate and type of medication administration errors (MAEs) before and after the MedEye implementation. A sample size calculation suggested that approximately 10,000 medication administrations were needed. Data collection was reduced due to the COVID 19 pandemic and implementation delays. Results Trained pharmacists or nurses observed a total of 1,069 administrations of solid oral dosage forms before and 432 after the MedEye intervention was implemented. The percentage of MAEs pre-MedEye (69.1%) and post-MedEye (69.9%) remained almost the same. Non-timing errors (combination of ‘omission’ + ‘other’ errors) reduced from 51 (4.77%) to 11 (2.55%), which had borderline significance (p=0.05) however after adjusting for confounders, significance was lost. We also saw a non-significant reduction in ‘other’ error types (e.g., dose and documentation errors) following the implementation of MedEye from 34 (3.2%) to 7 (1.62%). An observer witnessed a nurse dispense the wrong medication (prednisolone) instead of the intended medication (furosemide) in the post-MedEye period. After receiving a notification from MedEye that an unexpected medication had been dispensed, the nurse corrected the dose thus preventing an error. We also identified one instance where the nurse correctly dispensed a prescribed medication (amlodipine) but this was mistakenly identified by the MedEye scanner as another prescribed medication (metoclopramide). Conclusions This is the first evaluation of a novel optical medication scanning device, MedEye on the rate of MAEs in one of the largest NHS trusts in England. We found a non-statistically significant reduction in non-timing error rates. This was notable because incidents within this category e.g., dose errors, are more likely to be associated with harm compared to timing errors.2 However, further research is needed to investigate the impact of MedEye on a larger sample size and range of medications. References 1. Elliott, R., et al., Prevalence and economic burden of medication errors in the NHS in England. Rapid evidence synthesis and economic analysis of the prevalence and burden of medication error in the UK, 2018. 2. Poon, E.G., et al., Effect of bar-code technology on the safety of medication administration. New England Journal of Medicine, 2010. 362(18): p. 1698–1707.

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32

Zhang, Ji-wang, Ke-qin Ding, and Guang Chen. "High-Precision Extraction Method for Blade Tip-Timing Signal with Eddy Current Sensor." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2020 (November 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8882858.

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Online monitoring of high-speed rotating blades has always been a hot topic. Of the various methods, the blade tip timing (BTT) technique, based on eddy current sensors, is considered to be the most promising. However, BTT signals are easily influenced by various factors, which means that the accurate extraction of BTT signals remains a challenge. To try to solve this problem, the causes of measurement error were analyzed. The three main reasons for the error were established: the variation in blade tip clearance, the interference of background noise, and the asymmetry of the blade tip shape. Further, pertinent improvement methods were proposed, and a compensation method was proposed for the errors caused by the variation of tip clearance. A new denoising and shaping algorithm based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was introduced for the errors caused by background noise. Additionally, an optimal installation position of the sensor was also proposed for the errors caused by the asymmetry of the blade tip shape. Finally, simulations and experiments were used to demonstrate the improved methodology. The results show that the measurement error on vibration amplitude and vibration frequency using the proposed method is less than 2.89% and 0.17%, respectively, which is much lower than the traditional method (24.44% and 0.39%, respectively).

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33

Koehn, J. D., J. Dickinson, and D. Goodman. "Cognitive Demands of Error Processing." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.532-538.

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This study used a dual-task methodology to assess attention demands associated with error processing during an anticipation-timing task. A difference was predicted in attention demands during feedback on trials with correct responses and errors. This was addressed by requiring participants to respond to a probe reaction-time stimulus after augmented feedback presentation. 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) completed two phases, the reaction time task only and the anticipation-timing task with the probe RT task. False feedback indicating error and a financial reward manipulation were used to increase relevance of errors. Data supported the hypothesis that error processing is associated with higher cognitive demands than processing feedback denoting a correct response. Individuals responded with quicker probe reaction times during presentation of feedback on correct trials than on error trials. These results are discussed with respect to the cognitive processes which might occur during error processing and their role in motor learning.

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34

Iyengar, Aravind R., Paul H. Siegel, and Jack Keil Wolf. "On the Capacity of Channels With Timing Synchronization Errors." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 62, no. 2 (February 2016): 793–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2015.2504358.

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35

Sandeep, P., S. Chandan, and A. K. Chaturvedi. "ISI-free pulses with reduced sensitivity to timing errors." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 4 (April 2005): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.1413611.

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Yunjing Yin, J. P. Fonseka, and I. Korn. "Sensitivity to timing errors in EGC and MRC techniques." IEEE Transactions on Communications 51, no. 4 (April 2003): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2003.810863.

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Pantalos, G. M., K. J. Gillars, R. D. Dowling, S. W. Etoch, S. C. Koenig, A. M. McMahan, and L. A. Gray. "INTRAAORTIC BALLOON PUMP (IABP) TIMING ERRORS IN ADULT PATIENTS." ASAIO Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2003): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200303000-00059.

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Hayashi, R., S. Yamaguchi, Y. Katsumata, and M. Mimura. "Interval timing errors in a patient with thalamic chronotaraxis." eNeurologicalSci 10 (March 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2018.01.004.

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MASUDA, Yutaka, Takao ONOYE, and Masanori HASHIMOTO. "Performance Evaluation of Software-Based Error Detection Mechanisms for Supply Noise Induced Timing Errors." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E100.A, no. 7 (2017): 1452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e100.a.1452.

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Palat, R. C., A. Annamalai, and J. H. Reed. "Accurate Bit-Error-Rate Analysis of Bandlimited Cooperative OSTBC Networks Under Timing Synchronization Errors." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58, no. 5 (2009): 2191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2010048.

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Mäkinen, Antti, Annika Kangas, and Lauri Mehtätalo. "Correlations, distributions, and trends in forest inventory errors and their effects on forest planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 7 (July 2010): 1386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-057.

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Errors in forest planning data are known to have various undesired effects, which have been examined previously by simulating their impact on forest planning systems. In most cases, the simulation of forest inventory errors has been simplified by assuming the error distribution to be Gaussian, possibly with a constant bias, and neglecting possible correlations between the errors in various attributes. The first aim here was to examine the distributions, correlations, and trends in errors when using alternative forest inventory methods, and the second was to analyse how different error simulation methods affect the estimated economic losses caused by suboptimal harvest timing on account of errors. We found that the errors were not normally distributed, had notable trends, and showed significant correlations between the errors for the various attributes. The most important factor affecting the inoptimality losses was the powerful tendency to underestimate the growing stock properties of mature stands. The error simulation method clearly makes a difference when analysing the effects of errors, and it is therefore important to use a simulation method that generates realistic errors.

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Garaizar, Pablo, and Miguel A. Vadillo. "Accuracy and Precision of Visual Stimulus Timing in PsychoPy: No Timing Errors in Standard Usage." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2014): e112033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112033.

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LAPAZARAN, J. J., J. OTERO, A. MARTÍN-ESPAÑOL, and F. J. NAVARRO. "On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates I: ground-penetrating radar measurement errors." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 236 (September 30, 2016): 1008–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.93.

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ABSTRACTThis is the first (Paper I) of three companion papers focused respectively, on the estimates of the errors in ice thickness retrieved from pulsed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, on how to estimate the errors at the grid points of an ice-thickness DEM, and on how the latter errors, plus the boundary delineation errors, affect the ice-volume estimates. We here present a comprehensive analysis of the various errors involved in the computation of ice thickness from pulsed GPR data, assuming they have been properly migrated. We split the ice-thickness error into independent components that can be estimated separately. We consider, among others, the effects of the errors in radio-wave velocity and timing. A novel aspect is the estimate of the error in thickness due to the uncertainty in horizontal positioning of the GPR measurements, based on the local thickness gradient. Another novel contribution is the estimate of the horizontal positioning error of the GPR measurements due to the velocity of the GPR system while profiling, and the periods of GPS refreshing and GPR triggering. Their effects are particularly important for airborne profiling. We illustrate our methodology through a case study of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard.

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Veen, Vincent van, and Cameron S. Carter. "The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 4 (May 1, 2002): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290260045837.

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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to respond to conflict between simultaneously active, incompatible response tendencies. This area is active during high-conflict correct trials and also when participants make errors. Here, we use the temporal resolution of high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) in combination with source localization to investigate the timing of ACC activity during conflict and error detection. We predicted that the same area of the ACC is active prior to high-conflict correct responses and following erroneous responses. Dipole modeling supported this prediction: The frontocentral N2, occurring prior to the response on correct conflict trials, and the ERN, occurring immediately following error responses, could both be modeled as having a generator in the caudal ACC, suggesting the same process to underlie both peaks. Modeling further suggested that the rostral area of the ACC was also active following errors, but later in time, contributing to the error positivity (PE), and peaking at 200–250 msec following the ERN peak. Despite the inherent limitations of source localization, these data may begin to shed light on the timing of action-monitoring processes. First, the time course of caudal ACC activity follows the time course as predicted by the conflict theory of this region. Second, caudal ACC activity might be temporally dissociated from rostral ACC activity during error trials, which possibly reflects a separate, affective component of the evaluative functions of the ACC.

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von Davier, Matthias. "Detecting and treating errors in tests and surveys." Quality Assurance in Education 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-07-2017-0036.

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Purpose Surveys that include skill measures may suffer from additional sources of error compared to those containing questionnaires alone. Examples are distractions such as noise or interruptions of testing sessions, as well as fatigue or lack of motivation to succeed. This paper aims to provide a review of statistical tools based on latent variable modeling approaches extended by explanatory variables that allow detection of survey errors in skill surveys. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews psychometric methods for detecting sources of error in cognitive assessments and questionnaires. Aside from traditional item responses, new sources of data in computer-based assessment are available – timing data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and data from questionnaires – to help detect survey errors. Findings Some unexpected results are reported. Respondents who tend to use response sets have lower expected values on PIAAC literacy scales, even after controlling for scores on the skill-use scale that was used to derive the response tendency. Originality/value The use of new sources of data, such as timing and log-file or process data information, provides new avenues to detect response errors. It demonstrates that large data collections need to better utilize available information and that integration of assessment, modeling and substantive theory needs to be taken more seriously.

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Nony, P., M. Cucherat, and J.-P. Boissel. "Revisiting the effect compartment through timing errors in drug administration." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 1998): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01159-0.

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Ditterich, Jochen, Thomas Eggert, and Andreas Straube. "Fixation errors and timing in sequences of memory-guided saccades." Behavioural Brain Research 95, no. 2 (October 1998): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00160-5.

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Webb, Kyle M., and T. S. Kalkur. "Compensation of self-heating-induced timing errors in bipolar comparators." Microelectronics Journal 47 (January 2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2015.10.017.

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Li, Liang, Li Guo, and Guang-Li Wang. "Detecting the errors in solar system ephemeris by pulsar timing." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 16, no. 4 (April 2016): 006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/16/4/058.

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Oshita, S. "Optimum Spectrum for QAM Perturbed by Timing and Phase Errors." IEEE Transactions on Communications 35, no. 9 (September 1987): 978–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1987.1096882.

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