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Journal articles on the topic 'Timing of Appetite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Meyhöfer, Svenja, Rodrigo Chamorro, Manfred Hallschmid, et al. "Late, but Not Early, Night Sleep Loss Compromises Neuroendocrine Appetite Regulation and the Desire for Food." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (2023): 2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092035.

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Objective: There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs. early part of the night on the regulation of hunger, appetite, and desire for food. Methods: Fifteen normal-weight ([mean ± SEM] body-mass index: 23.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2) healthy men were studied in a randomized, balanced, crossover design, inc

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Beaulieu, Kristine, Pauline Oustric, Shaea Alkahtani, et al. "Impact of Meal Timing and Chronotype on Food Reward and Appetite Control in Young Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051506.

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Early meal timing and chronotype are associated with lower BMI, but their impact on appetite is poorly understood. We examined the impact of meal timing and chronotype on appetite and food reward. Forty-four adults were divided into early (EC; Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score = 55 ± 5) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ score = 40 ± 6) and assessed for body mass index, habitual energy intake (EI; three-day online dietary record) and eating behavior traits from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Participants attended the laboratory after ≥3 h fast on two occasions for early

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3

Nasr, Lea, Yonna Sacre, Randa Attieh, and Haider Mannan. "Association between the Timing of Pre-Workout Macronutrient Intake and Rated Appetite among Resistance-Trained Adults in Jbeil, Lebanon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032399.

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Macronutrients play an important role in appetite regulation. In addition, adequate nutrient and energy intake, which may be altered by exercise-induced appetite fluctuations, is required to ensure important training outcomes. However, findings regarding appetite responses to macronutrient consumption before training and to different resistance training intensities remain inconclusive. This study investigated the association of three types of macronutrient intake before different intensities of resistance training with appetite. A purposive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from

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Patel, Barkha P., Jill K. Hamilton, Shirley Vien, Scott G. Thomas, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Pubertal status, pre-meal drink composition, and later meal timing interact in determining children’s appetite and food intake." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 9 (2016): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0079.

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Puberty is a period of development that alters energy intake patterns. However, few studies have examined appetite and food intake (FI) regulation during development of puberty in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of pubertal status on FI and subjective appetite after pre-meal glucose and whey protein drinks in 9- to 14-year-old boys and girls. In a within-subject, randomized, repeated-measures design, children (21 pre–early pubertal, 15 mid–late pubertal) received equally sweetened drinks containing Sucralose (control), glucose, or whey protein (0.75

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Tuttiett, Esme R., Dan J. Green, Emma J. Stevenson, Thomas R. Hill, Bernard M. Corfe, and Elizabeth A. Williams. "Short-Term Protein Supplementation Does Not Alter Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake and Appetite in 50–75 Year Old Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051711.

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Ageing is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. Dietary protein is important for the maintenance of muscle mass through the promotion of muscle protein synthesis. However, protein is also reported to be a highly satiating nutrient. This raises concerns that protein intake for musculoskeletal health reasons in older adults may exacerbate age-related decreased appetite and may result in reduced energy and nutrient intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term protein supplementation and its timing (morning vs. evening), on energy and nutri

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CRIPPS, Roselle L., Malgorzata S. MARTIN-GRONERT, and Susan E. OZANNE. "Fetal and perinatal programming of appetite." Clinical Science 109, no. 1 (2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20040367.

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There is increasing concern about the rapidly rising incidence of obesity worldwide and its impact both on mortality, morbidity and the cost of healthcare. In the last 15 years, a large volume of research has linked low birth weight to many adult diseases in humans, such as Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a causal factor in all these conditions. There are epidemiological studies linking low birth weight to increased adiposity, but the timing of the insult during gestation seems crucial, as reducing maternal nutrition in late gestati

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7

Josaphat, Kapria-Jad, Vicky Drapeau, David Thivel, and Marie-Eve Mathieu. "Impact of Exercise Timing on Chemosensory Response, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Lean Males." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 30, no. 2 (2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0237.

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Background: High-intensity exercise can have an anorectic impact, leading to negative energy balance. Several studies have reported that the practice of physical activity could also cause a shift in perceptions and preferences, causing a change in food intakes. Objective: This study aimed to question to what extent the timing of exercise in relation to a meal could have an impact on olfaction and gustation, appetite, and food choices. Methods: Twelve males aged 25 (4) years with a body mass index of 22.4 (2.0) kg/m2 attended two experimental visits in a counterbalanced fashion. The participant

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8

Fillon, A., M. E. Mathieu, Y. Boirie, and D. Thivel. "Appetite control and exercise: Does the timing of exercise play a role?" Physiology & Behavior 218 (May 2020): 112733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112733.

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9

Reid, Ryan E. R., David Thivel, and Marie-Eve Mathieu. "Understanding the potential contribution of a third “T” to FITT exercise prescription: the case of timing in exercise for obesity and cardiometabolic management in children." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 8 (2019): 911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0462.

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Currently, exercise prescription relies heavily on parameters included in the FITT principle: frequency, intensity, time (duration), and type of exercise. In this paper, the benefits of including timing (FITT+T), referring to when exercise is performed in relation to meal-time, is discussed. Current research indicates that timing is outcome-specific. Total energy and lipid intakes, and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia can be reduced when exercise is performed pre-meal, while glycemic control is improved with post-meal exercise. Although findings indicate that timing can aid in obesity managem

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HEDEN, TIMOTHY D., YING LIU, and JILL A. KANALEY. "Impact of Exercise Timing on Appetite Regulation in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48, no. 2 (2016): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000755.

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11

Walker, Edward, Kim Lo, Sze Tham, et al. "New Zealand Bitter Hops Extract Reduces Hunger During a 24 h Water Only Fast." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (2019): 2754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112754.

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Intermittent fasting improves metabolic and cardiac health. However, increased hunger towards the end of the fasting period may affect compliance and limit its application. Our aim was to determine the effect of anorexigenic agent co-therapy on subjective ratings of appetite during the 16–24 h period of a day-long water-only intermittent fast. Thirty adult men were recruited and required to fast for 24 h from 18:00 h to 18:00 h on the same day of the week for three subsequent weeks. Treatments of either a placebo or one of two doses (high dose; HD: 250 mg or low dose; LD: 100 mg) of a bitter h

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Davis, Rochelle, Michelle Rogers, Alison M. Coates, Gloria K. W. Leung, and Maxine P. Bonham. "The Impact of Meal Timing on Risk of Weight Gain and Development of Obesity: a Review of the Current Evidence and Opportunities for Dietary Intervention." Current Diabetes Reports 22, no. 4 (2022): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-022-01457-0.

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Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this short review is to provide an updated commentary on the current literature examining the impact of meal timing on obesity and weight gain in adults. The potential mechanisms, including novel and emerging factors, behind timing of food intake across the 24-h period in the development of obesity, and dietary strategies manipulating meal timing to ameliorate weight gain are also explored. Recent Findings Dietary patterns that feature meal timing outside of the regular daytime hours can contribute to circadian disruption as food is metabolised in oppositi

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Allerton, Dean M., Penny L. S. Rumbold, Daniel J. West, and Emma J. Stevenson. "Effect of supplemental whey protein timing on postprandial glycaemia in centrally obese males." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 6 (2019): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003793.

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AbstractConsuming whey protein before a meal may reduce postprandial glucose excursions, however, optimising timing of supplementation is important to improve its clinical utility. A total of thirteen centrally obese, insulin-resistant males (waist circumference: 121 (sem 3) cm; homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): 6·4 (sem 1·2)) completed four experimental conditions in a single-blind, crossover design. Participants consumed mixed-macronutrient breakfast and lunch meals on all occasions, with 20 g whey protein consumed 15 min before (PRE), alongside (DUR) or 15 min p

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Dela Cruz, Justin, and David Kahan. "Pre-Sleep Casein Supplementation, Metabolism, and Appetite: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (2021): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061872.

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Protein intake is an important factor for augmenting the response to resistance training in healthy individuals. Although food intake can help with anabolism during the day, the period of time during sleep is typically characterized by catabolism and other metabolic shifts. Research on the application of nighttime casein protein supplementation has introduced a new research paradigm related to protein timing. Pre-sleep casein supplementation has been attributed to improved adaptive response by skeletal muscle to resistance training through increases in muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass, an

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15

McNeil, Jessica, Geneviève Forest, Luzia Jaeger Hintze, et al. "The effects of partial sleep restriction and altered sleep timing on appetite and food reward." Appetite 109 (February 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.020.

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16

Chamorro, Rodrigo, Swantje Kannenberg, Britta Wilms, et al. "Meal Timing and Macronutrient Composition Modulate Human Metabolism and Reward-Related Drive to Eat." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030562.

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The ‘time-of-day’ modifies the metabolic response to meals, but less data exist on the diurnal variations in the hedonic drive to eat. In the present paper, we evaluate the effects of meal timing and macronutrient composition on metabolic responses and the homeostatic vs. hedonic regulation of appetite. In study 1, 84 young, healthy adults completed an online computer-based task assessing the homeostatic and hedonic drive to eat in the morning and evening. In study 2, 24 healthy, young men received 2 identical (850 kcal each) meals in the morning (8:45 h) and evening (18:00 h), of 2 experiment

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Jackson, Joseph D. "Outcomes Research: Issues of Evidence, Timing and Application." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 4 (1995): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009500800406.

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We have entered the era of value for money, and it will likely last into the next century. Increasingly, the use of pharmaceuticals will be a function of the value for money they bring to specific populations at risk. As an integral part of this era, the outcomes research movement is pursuing the quest for value; however, the movement is in its infancy. There is a great appetite for systematic outcomes research that would assess unmet clinical need, the novelty of the clinically meaningful outcomes, and the potential for monetary benefit. The basic premise of outcomes research is that choices

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18

Borer, Katarina T., Po-Ju Lin, and Elizabeth Wuorinen. "Timing of Meals and Exercise Affects Hormonal Control of Glucoregulation, Insulin Resistance, Substrate Metabolism, and Gastrointestinal Hormones, but Has Little Effect on Appetite in Postmenopausal Women." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (2021): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124342.

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The current prevalence of obesity in the US is strongly associated with excessive food intake and insufficient physical activity. This study examined whether changing the timing of exercise before or after two daily meals could alter human appetite for food. Fifty-four healthy postmenopausal women were matched by body weight and assigned to two groups: (1) two bouts of 2-h moderate-intensity exercise ending one hour before each weight-maintenance meal (XM, n = 23), (2) two-hour moderate-intensity exercise starting 1 h after each weight-maintenance meal (MX, n = 23), and one sedentary control (

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Teo, Shaun Y. M., Jill A. Kanaley, Kym J. Guelfi, James A. Dimmock, Ben Jackson, and Timothy J. Fairchild. "Effects of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition: A parallel randomized trial." Appetite 167 (December 2021): 105600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105600.

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20

Giezenaar, Caroline, Zoé Coudert, Abdul Baqeri, et al. "Effects of Timing of Whey Protein Intake on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Men." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 18, no. 10 (2017): 898.e9–898.e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.027.

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21

Innominato, Pasquale F., Oxana Palesh, Georg A. Bjarnason, Ayhan Ulusakarya, David Spiegel, and Francis Levi. "Symptoms associated with circadian rest-activity rhythm disruption in 237 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.1.

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1 Background: The circadian timing system exerts temporal control over physiology, generating rhythms of about 24 hours. Its alteration in benign conditions has been associated with several systemic symptoms, including fatigue, appetite loss and poor sleep. However, the clinical impact of circadian disruption in cancer patients remains overlooked. We hypothesized that patients with circadian disruption would report more severe symptoms than those with robust circadian function. Methods: Data were available for 237 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: M/F ratio: 1.66; median age: 60.4 ye

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Mackie, Alan R., Balazs H. Bajka, Neil M. Rigby, et al. "Oatmeal particle size alters glycemic index but not as a function of gastric emptying rate." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 3 (2017): G239—G246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00005.2017.

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The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which oat particle size in a porridge could alter glucose absorption, gastric emptying, gastrointestinal hormone response, and subjective feelings of appetite and satiety. Porridge was prepared from either oat flakes or oat flour with the same protein, fat, carbohydrate, and mass. These were fed to eight volunteers on separate days in a crossover study, and subjective appetite ratings, gastric contents, and plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormones were determined over a period of 3 h. The flake porridge gave a lower glucose res

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Gresser, Delaney, Kelsey McLimans, Sheldon Lee, and Maria Morgan-Bathke. "The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Hunger-Related Hormones: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review." Obesities 5, no. 2 (2025): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities5020048.

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Introduction: Short sleep duration has been implicated in an increased body mass index (BMI), potentially through disruptions in appetite-regulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on circulating levels of these hunger hormones and their possible role in obesity. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 141 participants were included in the analysis, with sleep deprivation typically manipulated through restricting sleep by 4–5 h or keeping participants awake for 24 h. Data on lept

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Brown, Kenneth H., Hilary Creed-Kanashiro, and Kathryn G. Dewey. "Optimal Complementary Feeding Practices to Prevent Childhood Malnutrition in Developing Countries." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 4 (1995): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600407.

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Optimal nutritional care of young children requires application of feeding guidelines based on scientific knowledge of children's nutrient requirements and the ability of breastmilk and other foods to satisfy these nutritional needs. This paper reviews recent information on the appropriate duration of exclusive breastfeeding and timing of introduction of complementary foods; the relationship between frequency of feeding, dietary energy density, and total daily energy consumption; and the importance of nutrient composition and selected organoleptic characteristics of complementary foods as dete

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Jalking, Lea, Natja Poder Launbo, Marie Møller Jensen, et al. "Effects of exercise and exercise timing on energy intake and appetite control in Danish individuals with overweight or obesity with and without type 2 diabetes: a protocol for a randomised controlled cross-over trial." BMJ Open 15, no. 2 (2025): e092683. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092683.

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Introduction The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute exercise on appetite control and whether this differs between morning and late afternoon in individuals with overweight/obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and analysis The hedonic and homeostatic appetite control in obesity and type 2 diabetes in the context of meal and exercise timing (TIMEX) study is a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial. Fifty-eight women and men (aged 18–75 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 ) with or without T2D will be recruited. All participants

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McMillen, C., J. A. Duffield, and B. S. Muhlhausler. "036. Nutritional programming, fetal growth and competence for life after birth." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs036.

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During the past decade there has been a world-wide series of epidemiological and clinical studies, which have demonstrated that there are associations between prenatal growth restriction and the risk of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adult life. More recently there has also been increasing interest in the consequences of exposure of the fetus to increased levels of maternal nutrition and whether maternal ‘overnutrition’ may program an ‘intergenerational cycle of obesity’. In this presentation, we review recent experimental evide

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Jakubowicz, Daniela, Oren Froy, Julio Wainstein, and Mona Boaz. "Meal timing and composition influence ghrelin levels, appetite scores and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults." Steroids 77, no. 4 (2012): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.006.

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Vicario, Carmelo M., Karolina A. Kuran, and Cosimo Urgesi. "Does hunger sharpen senses? A psychophysics investigation on the effects of appetite in the timing of reinforcement-oriented actions." Psychological Research 83, no. 3 (2017): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0934-y.

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Fillon, A., M. E. Mathieu, J. Masurier, et al. "Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study." Appetite 146 (March 2020): 104506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104506.

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Coupé, Bérengère, Isabelle Grit, Dominique Darmaun, and Patricia Parnet. "The timing of “catch-up growth” affects metabolism and appetite regulation in male rats born with intrauterine growth restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 3 (2009): R813—R824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2009.

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Epidemiological studies demonstrated a relationship between low birth weight mainly caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and adult metabolic disorders. The concept of metabolic programming centers on the idea that nutritional and hormonal status during the key period of development determines the long-term control of energy balance by programming future feeding behavior and energy expenditure. The present study examined the consequence of early or late “catch-up growth” after IUGR on feeding behavior and metabolic cues of male offspring of rat dams exposed to protein restriction du

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BaHammam, Ahmed S., and Abdulrouf Pirzada. "Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism—A Narrative Review." Clocks & Sleep 5, no. 3 (2023): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5030034.

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Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlig

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Koehler, Karsten, Safiya E. Beckford, Elise Thayer, Alexandra R. Martin, Julie B. Boron, and Jeffrey R. Stevens. "Exercise Shifts Hypothetical Food Choices toward Greater Amounts and More Immediate Consumption." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020347.

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Although exercise modulates appetite regulation and food intake, it remains poorly understood how exercise impacts decision-making about food. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of an acute exercise bout on hypothetical choices related to the amount and timing of food intake. Forty-one healthy participants (22.0 ± 2.6 years; 23.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2, 56% female) completed 45 min of aerobic exercise and a resting control condition in randomized order. Food amount preferences and intertemporal food preferences (preference for immediate vs. delayed consumption) were assessed using

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Mahdi, Sara salah, Huda S. Abdulghani, and Najwan Khaleel Jubair. "The Effect of Cholecystokinin (CCK) on Obesity: Evaluation of Hormonal Changes Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery." South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 03 (2025): 106–11. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjps.2025.v07i03.004.

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Obesity is a chronic disease linked to increased risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic dysfunction. As global obesity rates continue to rise, bariatric surgery, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has become a well-established intervention for achieving sustained weight loss and improving obesity-related comorbidities. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gut hormone released by enteroendocrine cells in response to food intake. It plays a key role in appetite regulation, promoting satiety, slowing gastric emptying, and stimulating digestive enzyme secretion. Acting

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Mishra, Suman, Andrew McLaughlin, and John Monro. "Food Order and Timing Effects on Glycaemic and Satiety Responses to Partial Fruit-for-Cereal Carbohydrate Exchange: A Randomized Cross-Over Human Intervention Study." Nutrients 15, no. 14 (2023): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15143269.

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Postprandial glycaemic response amplitude plays a critical role in diabetic complications, but is subject to food order and temporal separation within a meal. Effects of partial fruit-for-cereal carbohydrate exchange on glycaemic and appetite responses, as affected by food order and separation, were examined using kiwifruit (KF) and wheaten breakfast cereal biscuit (WB). In a randomized cross-over intervention study, 20 subjects ingested 51.7 g of available carbohydrate as 74 g WB alone, or as 200 g KF and 37 g WB, each delivering 25.85 g of available carbohydrate. The 200 g KF was partially e

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Yang, Ting, Rui Li, You Chen, et al. "Comparison of neonatal COVID-19 clinical features based on onset timing." Medicine 104, no. 26 (2025): e43100. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000043100.

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The clinical features of neonatal sepsis that develop early and late differ, and it is unclear whether neonatal coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) varies depending on the day of onset. Based on whether the onset occurred within the first 5 days of life, all neonatal COVID-19 cases were divided into the early-onset group (EOG) and late-onset group (LOG). Clinical data of these cases diagnosed between December 14, 2022, and January 9, 2023, were gathered and analyzed retrospectively. Of the 212 neonates with COVID-19 included, 36 were in EOG and 176 were in EOG. The percentages of asymptomatic, m

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Ryg, Morten. "Physiological control of growth, reproduction and lactation in deer." Rangifer 6, no. 2 (1986): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.657.

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The physiological mechanisms controlling the growth, lactation and reproductive cycles of cervids, and the control of allocation of energy to different organs are discussed. The growth cycle may be secondary to an appetite cycle, regulated by changes in the secretion of prolactin, gonadal steroids, and possibly unknown factors. The reproductive cycle is controlled by changes in the release at the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, and by changes in the feedback effect of gonadal steroids. These cycles are probably the result of the timing effects of nutrition and changing photoperiod on an endogenous,

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Bellinger, Leanne, and Simon C. Langley-Evans. "Fetal programming of appetite by exposure to a maternal low-protein diet in the rat." Clinical Science 109, no. 4 (2005): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20050127.

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Undernutrition in fetal life programmes risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in adult life. Rat studies indicate that exposure to a maternal low-protein diet throughout fetal life establishes a preference for high-fat foods. The present study aimed to assess the effect of low protein exposure during discrete 7-day periods of gestation upon feeding behaviour (full gestation 22 days). Pregnant rats were fed control or low-protein diet, with low-protein feeding targeted at day 0–7 (LPEarly), day 8–14 (LPMid) or day 15–22 (LPLate) of gestation. At 12 weeks of age, offspring were placed on a

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Shabnam, Bagheri. "Determining Correlation of Food Intake and Satiety Related Hormones with the Findings of Brain Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans and Psychological Disorders in Children with Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury." Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome 11, no. 3 (2022): 8. https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-1017.22.11.366.

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Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an impairment with high prevalence amongst the pediatric population. Central Nervous System (CNS) regulates food intake and each region of the brain can be responsible for appetite control network. It seems that TBI might affect appetite control system which could result in overeating or reduced food intake. Hence, the aim of this cross sectional study was to determine, if there is a relationship between daily energy intake and satiety related hormones with Computerized Tomography scan (CT scan) findings in children with mild to moderate TBI. Methods

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Fragaszy, Ellen, Madhumita Shrotri, Cyril Geismar, et al. "Symptom profiles and accuracy of clinical case definitions for COVID-19 in a community cohort: results from the Virus Watch study." Wellcome Open Research 7 (March 10, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17479.1.

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Background: Understanding symptomatology and accuracy of clinical case definitions for community COVID-19 cases is important for Test, Trace and Isolate (TTI) and future targeting of early antiviral treatment. Methods: Community cohort participants prospectively recorded daily symptoms and swab results (mainly undertaken through the UK TTI system). We compared symptom frequency, severity, timing, and duration in test positive and negative illnesses. We compared the test performance of the current UK TTI case definition (cough, high temperature, or loss of or altered sense of smell or taste) wi

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Frecka, Julie M., and Richard D. Mattes. "Possible entrainment of ghrelin to habitual meal patterns in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 294, no. 3 (2008): G699—G707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2007.

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Ghrelin is reportedly a meal-initiation signal based on observations that concentrations increase before meals coincident with rising hunger. However, evidence that ghrelin peaks vary with feeding schedules suggests that it rises in anticipation of an expected meal, rather than eliciting feeding. To explore the entrainment of ghrelin profiles, this study investigated the association between varying habitual meal patterns and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Lean and obese adults following either a short intermeal interval (SII) pattern, with 2.5–3.5 h between their habitual breakfast and lunch t

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Panasenko, L. M., T. V. Kartseva, J. V. Nefedova, E. P. Timofeeva, and M. I. Cherepanova. "Feeding of children with chronic nutritional disorders." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 64, no. 5 (2019): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-5-140-148.

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The article presents current data on the features of the nutritional status of children with chronic nutritional disorders such as hypotrophy, paratrophy, etc. The authors describe the principles and timing of the complementary foods, as well as the advantages of a certain complementary feeding, depending on the type of nutritional disorder. Often, pediatricians pay close attention to the organization of nutrition of children in the first 12 months of life, as a more vulnerable period, while the age period of 12–36 months is also characterized by a significant growth rate and high demands in a

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Bogdanova, N. A., and T. E. Zueva. "How to help a child with teething? A new look at an old problem." Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-50-55.

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Temporal eruption for children is a natural and physiological process. However, in some cases, it may be accompanied by numerous unpleasant symptoms, such as fever, decreased appetite, anxiety, sleep disorders and indigestion. These symptoms nonspecific and may occur in other somatic diseases. The Violation of stages, timing of eruption may be indicated a variety of somatic diseases and the development of further pathology of the dental-jaw system, as well as depends of the child`s constitutional characteristics. In this article we are presents an analysis, which dedicated problems of infant`s

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Capucho, Adriana M., and Silvia V. Conde. "Impact of Sugars on Hypothalamic Satiety Pathways and Its Contribution to Dysmetabolic States." Diabetology 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010001.

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Food behaviour is a complex and multifaceted cooperation between physiologic, psychological, social, and genetic factors, influencing meal timing, amount of food intake, food preferences, and food selections. Deregulation of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling food behaviour underlies the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, two epidemics of the present century. Several brain nuclei are involved in the regulation of the different components of food behaviours; the hypothalamus is the key in controlling appetite and energy homeostasis. In this review, we will explain the role of t

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Fernandez-Aranda, F., T. Steward, N. Mallorqui-Bague, Z. Agüera, and S. Jimenez-Murcia. "Emotional Eating in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Sensorial, Hormonal and Brain Factors Involved." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.169.

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Obesity (OB) and eating disorders (ED) are two complex weight/eating conditions that share phenotypic traits, including psychopathological variables, specific environmental risk factors and biological vulnerabilities. Both OB and ED are associated with maladaptive eating styles that may be relevant to their development and maintenance. In abnormal/excessive eating behavior, a complex interplay among physiological, sensorial, psychological, social and genetic factors influence appetite, meal timing, and the quantity of food intake and food preferences. Neurobiological functioning has also been

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Jakubowicz, Daniela, Julio Wainstein, Shani Tsameret, and Zohar Landau. "Role of High Energy Breakfast “Big Breakfast Diet” in Clock Gene Regulation of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051558.

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Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is strongly linked with the future development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, reducing postprandial glycemic excursions is essential in T2D treatment to slow progressive deficiency of β-cell function and prevent cardiovascular complications. Most of the metabolic processes involved in PPHG, i.e., β-cell secretory function, GLP-1 secretion, insulin sensitivity, muscular glucose uptake, and hepatic glucose production, are controlled by the circadian clock and display daily oscillation. Consequently, postprandial glycemia display

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Gustafson, Christopher, Nigina Rakhmatullaeva, Safiya Beckford, Ajai Ammachathram, Alexander Cristobal, and Karsten Koehler. "Exercise and the Timing of Snack Choice: Healthy Snack Choice is Reduced in the Post-Exercise State." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (2018): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121941.

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Acute exercise can induce either a compensatory increase in food intake or a reduction in food intake, which results from appetite suppression in the post-exercise state. The timing of food choice—choosing for immediate or later consumption—has been found to influence the healthfulness of foods consumed. To examine both of these effects, we tested in our study whether the timing of food choice interacts with exposure to exercise to impact food choices such that choices would differ when made prior to or following an exercise bout. Visitors to a university recreational center were equipped with

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Guan, Xueting. "Circadian Rhythm and Obesity." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 66 (September 20, 2023): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v66i.11624.

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Obesity with significant implications for public health has become a global epidemic. Recently, there is growing evidence indicating that the disturbance of circadian rhythms have a pivotal role in the onset of obesity. Insufficient sleep, a common consequence of modern lifestyle, further disrupts circadian rhythms and always leads to higher body mass index (BMI) and metabolic disturbances. Circadian misalignment affects various aspects of metabolism, including appetite regulation, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Disturbances in the timing of food intake, such as late-night eating or

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Bogan, Richard, Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, Roman Skowronski, Abby Chen, and Michael Thorpy. "486 Timing and Duration of Adverse Events in a Clinical Trial of Lower-Sodium Oxybate in Participants With Narcolepsy With Cataplexy." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.485.

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Abstract Introduction This analysis evaluated treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial (NCT03030599) of lower-sodium oxybate (LXB; Xywav™), an FDA-approved treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness or cataplexy in narcolepsy. Methods At study entry, participants were taking sodium oxybate (SXB) alone, SXB with other anticataplectics, other anticataplectics alone, or were anticataplectic treatment-naive. Participants taking SXB transitioned to the same LXB dose (gram-for-gram); oxybate-naive participants initiated LXB (4.5

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Pitchou Prudence, Adzona, Bati J.B, Mopoundza Paul, et al. "CONVENTIONAL VERSUS INNOVATIVE METHOD OF SEPARATE CALCIUM FEEDING IN LAYING HENS." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 08 (2024): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19306.

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A specific appetite in calcium has been identified during the egg formation in laying hens therefore it is recommending to use a Separate Calcium feeding (SCF) in laying hens. The present study aimed to the. Investigate the timing in the distribution of calcium meal a cafeteria system. A conventional SCF system was compared with an Innovative SCF system. Both system was equipped with a feeder containing a diet with low-calcium (2986.44 Kcal/kg and 19.14% crude protein 0.7% and the last feeder containing CaCo2 (carbonate of calcium) In each group , a sample of 25 laying hens , 27 week-old was i

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Mattes, Richard D., and Wayne W. Campbell. "Effects of Food Form and Timing of Ingestion on Appetite and Energy Intake in Lean Young Adults and in Young Adults with Obesity." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109, no. 3 (2009): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.11.031.

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