Academic literature on the topic 'TIMSS database'
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Journal articles on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Wiberg, Marie, Inga Laukaityte, and Ewa Rolfsman. "The Association Between Attitudes Towards Mathematics, Students’ Background and TIMSS Mathematics Achievement." European Journal of Mathematics and Science Education 5, no. 1 (2024): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ejmse.5.1.13.
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The overall aim of this study is to examine the association between Swedish students’ attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics achievement as measured by the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), socioeconomic status (SES), and educational background variables. A further aim is to investigate whether students’ attitudes towards mathematics have a mediating role between their mathematics achievement and their background. Several indicators of students’ SES and background, taken from both the TIMSS 2015 database and from Swedish official registers, were used. The overall results show that there were differences in attitudes towards mathematics in relation to the different SES and educational background measures. There are also associations between students’ SES and both TIMSS mathematics achievement and their attitudes towards mathematics. The students’ attitudes towards mathematics only had a small mediation role between the students’ backgrounds and TIMSS mathematics achievement. Finally, although the mediation models had a better fit when including other information, the mediation effect was lower. Practical implications of the obtained results are discussed.
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Lay, Yoon Fah, and Khar Thoe Ng. "CORRELATES OF SCIENCE CLASSROOM TEACHING WITH SOUTHEAST ASIAN AND EAST ASIAN EIGHTH GRADERS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN TIMSS 2015." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 79, no. 3 (2021): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.425.
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Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study that has been implemented by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) since 1995. This proposed study is aimed to identify the correlations of science classroom teachings with eighth graders' science achievement in TIMSS among Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The freely downloadable secondary data were analyzed using IEA's International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) for TIMSS, a plug-in for SPSS. TIMSS uses an imputation methodology, involving plausible values, to report student performance. This study found that countries with higher average science achievement allocated higher percentage of educational hours for science teaching, students were taught the TIMSS science topics, students attended schools with science laboratories and have assistance available when conducting experiments, computer availability during science lessons, with science teachings were not limited by student needs, and less frequency of student absences. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS assessments. Keywords: TIMSS, comparative study, classroom teachings, science achievement
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Lay, Yoon Fah, and Khar Thoe Ng. "A COMPARISON OF SCHOOL CLIMATE WITH TIMSS 2015 SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SOUTH-EAST AND EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES." Journal of Baltic Science Education 20, no. 5 (2021): 790–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/21.20.790.
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Since 1995, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) implemented the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) as an international comparative study. This article aims at identifying the correlations of science classroom instructions with TIMSS science achievement of eighth graders among countries in Southeast Asia and East Asia. The freely downloadable secondary data were analyzed using a plug-in for SPSS, i.e., the International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) of IEA using an imputation methodology involving plausible values so that student’s performance can be reported. This study found that Southeast and East Asian countries with high average science achievement adequately emphasized academic success, have teachers with job satisfactions well as facing few challenges, have students with sense of belonging to school. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies. Keywords: Classroom instructions, comparative study, leadership motivation, science achievement, TIMSS
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Latifi, Fadil, and Endrit Latifi. "Did the Characteristics of Kosovar Teachers Influence the Results of Students in TIMSS 2019? Findings from the Performance of Kosovar Students in TIMSS 2019." Social Sciences 11, no. 8 (2022): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080344.
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This paper aimed to explore the impact of Kosovar teachers’ characteristics on the performance of fourth-grade students in TIMSS 2019. The paper addressed the characteristics of teachers, demographic, and academics, which are closely related to the overall performance of students. In this research, data from the TIMSS 2019 database were used, for which 4435 Kosovar students were tested, and 192 teachers were surveyed. The findings show that Kosovar students did not perform well in TIMSS 2019. They achieved 444 points in the field of mathematics and 413 points in science (average TIMSS 500 points) and were ranked 49th out of 56 countries participating in the test. Data from the teacher survey show that the characteristics of teachers, such as age, professional development, pre-service education, contemporary approach to teaching, etc., also played an important role in the low-scoring performance of Kosovar students in TIMSS 2019. Students who had a teacher with an average age of 30–60 years had a better performance on the test, achieving a difference of 20 points more, compared to students who had new or older teachers (under 30 years and over 60 years). The lack of professional development of teachers also had a major impact on student performance. On average, 25% of teachers in the last 2 years had attended training in certain areas, while on average 80% of them were willing to attend training programs that would improve the profile of their competencies.
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Nurieva, L. M., and S. G. Kiselev. "Problems of analysis of the relationship between the learning context and TIMSS testing results." Education and science journal 25, no. 1 (2023): 108–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2023-1-108-141.
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Introduction. For more than two decades, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has been organising a number of comparative studies of the quality of education in different countries. One of them is the study of mathematics and science education TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), which is conducted jointly with the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievements (IEA). The last, seventh, cycle of the study was conducted in 2019. TIMSS statistics is regularly posted in the public domain on the IEA website so that specialists can independently conduct research in any aspect of their interest. One of the areas of analysis in this case is traditionally the search for the causes of certain test results, which are determined by the peculiarities of the organisation of the educational process and the context of learning in different countries. At the same time, a study of professional literature showed that among the factors of the social and school context, the analysis of which is provided by the research tools, only an extremely limited range of them turned out to be statistically directly related to TIMSS scores. Specialists systematically encounter inexplicable absence or low correlation values of TIMSS test scores and context indicators. The authors think that the main reason for such difficulties is inattention to the peculiarities of the indicators used in the calculation of measures of statistical relationships. Aim. The present research aims to identify a statistical relationship between test results and indicators of the context of schoolchildren’s learning, as well as the influence of the TIMSS information collection and processing system on the productivity of analysing the research results.Methodology and research methodology. The methodological basis of the work is a systematic approach, which is based on the consideration of the results of the international TIMSS study as a whole: i.e. a complex of interrelated elements (organisations, tools, assessment indicators, scoring systems). The work was carried out on the basis of applied research procedures (observation, description, comparison, measurement, etc.), within which general scientific (comparative analysis, systematisation, generalisation) and statistical research methods (statistical and correlation analysis, etc.) were also used. The source of information was the International Database of Electronic Testing TIMSS-2019, hosted in the IEA repository. The TIMSS datasets were analysed using the IEA International Database (IDB) parser plug-in for SPSS (version 4.0).Results. For most indicators of the social and student context of learning, the authors found the absence or low value of statistical relationships with TIMSS scores. The number of books at home and parents’ education turned out to be statistically related to TIMSS scores concerning the indicators of social well-being and home learning conditions envisaged by the organisers. The indicators of learning conditions at school included the frequency of independent work in class; motivational factors included plans to continue education and self-evaluation of students’ math proficiency. Evidently, even these relationships turned out to be weak. It was revealed that the difficulties in detecting a correlation between TIMSS scores and learning conditions are caused by the very nature of the analysed variables: 1. the approximate nature of individual student assessments used in TIMSS; 2. low differentiation of students according to a number of indicators of the learning context; 3. insufficient reliability of information obtained from sociological surveys of schoolchildren.Practical significance. The authors believe that in order to improve the quality of analytical work on relevant topics, it is necessary to pay close attention to the essence behind the variables used in statistical calculations. In turn, the TIMSS organisers need to continue improving the measurement procedures and research tools by introducing additional success criteria that reflect the individual and comparable results of students in the current TIMSS cycle, as well as indicators of the reliability of contextual information obtained by sociological means.
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Lay, Yoon Fah, and Murugan Rajoo. "AFFECTIVE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN AND EAST ASIAN EIGHTH GRADERS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT IN TIMSS 2015." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 78, no. 6A (2020): 1107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/20.78.1107.
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Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study that has been implemented by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) since 1995. This proposed study is aimed to identify the affective factors contributing to eighth graders' science achievement in TIMSS among Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The freely-downloadable secondary data were analyzed using IEA's International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) for TIMSS, a plug-in for SPSS. TIMSS uses an imputation methodology, involving plausible values, to report student performance. This study found that students' views on engaging teaching in science (BSBGESL) were negatively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Thailand, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong SAR. Students Like Learning Science (BSBGSLS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong SAR, and Chinese Taipei. Students Confident in Science (BSBGSCS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Korea, Japan, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Singapore. Students Value Science (BSBGSVS) was positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Japan, Korea, Thailand, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, and Malaysia. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies. Keywords: TIMSS, comparative study, affective factors, science achievement
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Liouaeddine, Mariem, Mounir Elatrachi, and El mehdi Karam. "The analysis of the efficiency of primary schools in Morocco: modelling using TIMSS database (2011)." Journal of North African Studies 23, no. 4 (2018): 624–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2017.1422978.
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Liu, Xiufeng, and Anne McKeough. "Developmental growth in students' concept of energy: Analysis of selected items from the TIMSS database." Journal of Research in Science Teaching 42, no. 5 (2005): 493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tea.20060.
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Koyuncu, Mahmut Sami. "Standard Setting with Artificial Neural Networks: TIMSS 2015 Mathematics Case." Open Journal for Educational Research 7, no. 1 (2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojer.0701.05053k.
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This study aims to demonstrate the optimal way to determine the cut-off score to be used to interpret the total scores obtained from an achievement test or scale using the Artificial Neural Networks method. To this end, the multiple-choice item responses in the Booklet-11 Mathematics subtest at the 8th grade level in the TIMSS 2015 Turkey sample dataset were used to determine the cut-off score for the achievement test. The item responses in the “Students Like Learning Mathematics Scale” in the TIMSS 2015 8th grade Mathematics Student Questionnaire were used to determine the cut-off score for the scale. The data were accessed from the TIMSS international database and the data were analyzed in MATLAB R2017b software. As a result of the study, the most appropriate cut-off score to be used for the evaluation of the total scores obtained from the TIMSS 2015 8th grade level Booklet-11 Mathematics subtest was determined as 45.5 out of 0-100 points with the Artificial Neural Network analysis method. The overall level of agreement between the cut-off score and the pass/fail classification based on 400 points, which is the lowest level of the TIMSS International Benchmark, was determined as 81%. The most appropriate cut-off score to be used for the evaluation of the scores obtained from the Students Like Learning Mathematics Scale (SLLSS) in the TIMSS 2015 8th grade student survey was determined as 19.6 out of 9-36 points. The overall level of agreement between the cut-off score and the classification of students who like/don’t like learning mathematics using the criterion based on the expression given in the original scale description was found to be 83%. The results concluded that the validity of the standard-setting studies conducted with the artificial neural network method was high. As a result, researchers are recommended to use the Artificial Neural Networks method to determine the cut-off score to be used in the interpretation of the total scores obtained from the achievement test or the total scale scores obtained from the scales.
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Atar, Hakan Y., and Burcu Atar. "INVESTIGATING THE MULTILEVEL EFFECTS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES ON TURKISH STUDENTS’ SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTS ON TIMSS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 11, no. 2 (2012): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/12.11.115.
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Two-level hierarchical linear modelling was used to analyse data obtained from TIMSS 1999 database to examine the effect of inquiry-based learning on science achievement of eighth-grade students in Turkey. The influence of teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes were also examined. At the student-level, overall plausible values were used as the outcome variable whereas gender, availability of home educational resources, attitude toward science, and inquiry-based learning were predictor variables. At the school level, there were two predictor variables: teachers’ emphasis on scientific reasoning and problem solving and availability of school resources for science instruction. While statistically significant and negative relationship was found between inquiry-based learning and within-school science achievement, there were nonsignificant effects of school-level predictors on inquiry-based learning and science achievement slopes. Key words: HLM, inquiry learning, science achievement, TIMSS.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Williams, Robert Charles. "The Framework of a Multi-Level Database of Highway Construction Performance Times." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32148.
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Accurate and reasonable contract time is important to all aspects of a highway construction project. Unreasonably short contract times can raise the bid price, restrict qualified bidders from submitting bids, reduce the quality of the work, and increase the potential for legal disputes. Conversely, unreasonably long contract times encourage less qualified contractors to submit a bid and are a general inconvenience to the traveling public. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recognizes this, and has recommended that all state highway agencies develop a standardized method for estimating contract performance time. To date, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) does not have an established method.
One major portion of this work is the development of the framework for a multi-level time estimating system to aid in the establishment of contract performance times. This system parallels the VDOT cost estimating process, refining estimates as design details become available along the Project Development Concurrent Engineering Process (PDCEP). Three distinct stages exist along the PDCEP that will facilitate the use of a tool for estimating contract time. Sufficient information to begin the conceptual estimate is known as the project enters the six year plan. The parametric estimate may commence as the project enters the scoping phase. Finally, details for the pre-advertisement time estimate are available upon project field inspection. The second major component of this work, the pre-advertisement estimating database system (BIDDS â Bid Item Duration Data System) was constructed during this work. BIDDS uses project information and characteristics to filter through historical performance time data, returning production data from similar projects. Production data is returned at the bid item level to assist in the estimation of production rates, for calculating activity durations.<br>Master of Science
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Mirmohammadsadeghi, Navid. "Development of an Aircraft Landing Database and Models to Estimate Aircraft Runway Occupancy Times." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99914.
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This dissertation represents the methodologies used to develop an aircraft landing database and predictive models for estimating arrival flight runway occupancy times. In the second chapter, all the algorithms developed for analyzing the airport surface radar data are explained, and detailed statistical information about various airports in the United States in terms of landing behavior is studied. In the third chapter a novel data-driven approach for modeling aircraft landing behavior is represented. The outputs of the developed approach are runway occupancy time distributions and runway exit utilizations. The represented hybrid approach in the third chapter is a combination of machine learning and Monte Carlo simulation methods. This novel approach was calibrated based on two years of airport radar data. The study's output is a computer application, which is currently being used by the Federal Aviation Administration and various airport consulting firms for analyzing and designing optimum runway exits to optimize runway occupancy times at airports. In the fourth chapter, four real-world case scenarios were analyzed to show the power of the developed model in solving real-world challenges in airport capacity. In the fifth chapter, pilot motivational behaviors were introduced, and three methodologies were used to replicate motivated pilot behaviors on the runway. Finally, in the sixth chapter, a neural network approach was used as an alternative model for estimating runway occupancy time distributions.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>The federal aviation administration predicts ongoing growth in the aviation industry over the following 20 years. Therefore, the airports will be more crowded, and a higher number of operations will occur at those facilities. An accurate prediction of airports' capacities can help the authorities to improve the airports appropriately. Due to significant reductions in in-trail aircraft separations, runway occupancy times will become more significant in airport arrival procedures. In this study, a landing event database was developed to represent the accurate distributions of runway occupancy times. Also, it is essential to have computer applications capable of replicating runway occupancy time distributions. In this dissertation, a novel approach was developed to replicate aircraft runway occupancy times. A massive amount of airport surface radar data was utilized to create all the mentioned computer applications. The results of the final products were validated against real data. Real-world case scenarios were discussed as part of this study to showcase the strengths of the final developed product in solving challenging problems related to airport capacity. Finally, extreme cases of motivated landing behavior from airline pilots were studied, and multiple methodologies were introduced to replicate pilot motivational behavior while landing on runway.
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Park, Jonghwa. "Creep rupture data analysis by association with a large database on numerous materials tested for long times." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056995362.
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Chang, Ching-I., and 張慶怡. "Discussion on International Education Database of PISA、TIMSS、PIRLS." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2776mq.
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碩士<br>健行科技大學<br>國際企業經營系碩士班<br>103<br>Education is the roots of all, and the motive of the development of country. Most importantly, it’s the cornerstone of country. For understanding of country’s educational philosophy and policies, many countries have awareness on importance of education to national development. Many international test programmes are designed to evaluate different abilities. The purpose of this paper is to integrate three international education databases: results and content of the questionnaire in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). By these rich databases in decades which evaluate science、mathematics and reading literacy and we can find gender differences, students’ personal factors, family background and school background which are most often discussed. According to these abundant databases and results are proposed to improve educational policies and trends. There are three aims of this paper: (1) Investigate related literature about PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS. (2) Aggregated results and databases about PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS. (3) Discuss the association between PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS. At last, using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient found the results is very high between the international education database of PISA、TIMSS、PIRLS, but also found the uniqe survey projects of its database to explore research topics related aggregated for subsequent reference investigator.
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Yu, Mei Lien, and 游美蓮. "International Mathematics Achievement Analysis of the Pacific Rim：A Case Study in TIMSS Database." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4q38zf.
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碩士<br>健行科技大學<br>國際企業經營系碩士班<br>103<br>According to the report of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2011(TIMSS 2011) by International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) this study screens forty-six qualified countries which are in line with this subject and assessed the fourth grader’s mathematical achievement at county level by comparing the Pacific Rim countries (a total of eleven countries including Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, etc.) against the non-Pacific Rim countries, five countries in Northeast Asia against the rest of six countries in Pacific Rim region, then comparing the geographical proximity of Taiwan and Hong Kong, subject to further analysis integration finally.
This Study transformed two domains scores relevant to mathematics content and cognitive domains into an overall mathematics average scale score. Then the input indicators were obtained by using the overall mathematics average scale scores and the proportion of students reached the advanced international benchmark 625 in TIMSS. The mathematics achievements of fourth graders from each country as well as the influence of various factors upon student’s mathematics performances were evaluated based on the descriptive statistics, the Different System Model in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
The results indicated that the fourth graders’ mathematical achievements among Pacific Rim nations (Mean score was 551. An average of twenty-one students reached the advanced international benchmark 625) were overall superior to the non-Pacific Rim nations (Mean score was 494. An average of six students reached the advanced international benchmark 625).
Furthermore, the Different System Model in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) assessed several relevant factors, such as school discipline, career satisfaction of teachers, student’s interests in Mathematics, and student’s daily diet and nutrition. The efficient index of the Pacific Rim nations (0.9348) was higher than non-Pacific Rim nations (0.8795). The results of Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed that there was statistic significant difference between the Pacific Rim nations and non-Pacific Rim nations (p=0.067). In summation, the overall Mathematics achievement and efficient index of students from the Pacific Rim nations were superior to students from the non-Pacific Rim nations. However, as to Pacific Rim region, although the absolute score of non-Northeast Asia was lower than Northeast Asia, the efficient index of non-Northeast Asia (0.9890) was better than Northeast Asia slightly. It also meant the more input indicators implemented, the better efficient index was not caused accordingly. Regarding the comparison of Taiwan and Hong Kong, the study revealed that although the overall mathematics achievements of Hong Kong was superior to Taiwan especially in the condition of daily diet and nutrition, the career satisfaction of teachers was superior to Hong Kong 18%.
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PAN, I.-JU, and 潘宜如. "A Study on Teacher Efficacy and Math Achievement of 4th Grade Students in Taiwan - A Case of TIMSS 2015 Database." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87f7fm.
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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>教育研究所碩士在職專班<br>106<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of different teacher efficacy on 4th grade students’ math achievement in Taiwan. Those teachers with higher efficacy might impact on their students’ math achievement. By the Trends in International Mathematics Study (TIMSS) database 2015, a survey questionnaire carried out by 180 teachers and 4,292 students in Taiwan was conducted on teacher and students’ math achievement. Those data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient in this study.
The major findings of this study are shown as follows:
1. Those teachers’ in-service training, teaching confidence and traditional instruction are above average, but constructive instruction of those teachers is only average.
2. Those students’ cognitive achievements are “knowing”, “applying’ and “reasoning” orderly.
3. Those teachers’ backgrounds in different gender, experience, sense of efficacy, education and subject majors impact on students’ achievement either in “knowing” or in “reasoning”.
4. Those teachers in different educational degrees impact on students’ “knowing” achievement.
5. Those teachers in different subject majors impact on students’ “overall”, “knowing”, and “reasoning” of math achievement.
6. Teacher Efficacy in terms of “joining workshops “and “teaching confidence” “has low impact on student “knowing” achievement.
7. Teacher Efficacy in terms of “constructive teaching” has low impact on student “knowing” achievement, but it has average impact on “applying” and “reasoning” achievement; and it has highly impact on student “overall” achievement.
Finally, the educational implications of this study and recommendations for future study are also proposed.
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CHEN, HSIU-HUA, and 陳秀華. "A Comparative Study on the Influential Factors of Mathematics Achievements for eighth Graders in Taiwan and Korea with TIMSS 2011 Database." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5e868g.
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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>教育資訊與測驗統計研究所<br>105<br>This research focused on analyzing 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study data of 8th grade mathematics in Taiwan and Korea. In this study, the factors influencing mathematics achievement are divided into two levels including student level and teacher level. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, two-level structural equation model and multi-sample structural equation model. Finally, the influencing factor models of grade 8 students’mathematics achievements in Taiwan and Korea are constructed, validated and compared.
The results of this research were as follows:
1.The student level factors and teacher level factors both were internally consistent, and the internal consistency of the student level response data was better than the teacher level data.
2.In the student level, the average scores of Taiwanese students in "mathematics learning self-confidence" and "mathematics learning value" were significantly lower than those of Korean students, but "interest in mathematics" was significantly higher than that of Korean students. In the teacher level, the average score of Taiwanese teachers in "Teacher teaching self-confidence" was significantly higher than that of Korean teachers. The average score of Korean teachers in "the student-center tendency of teachers" was significantly higher than that of Taiwanese teachers. Moreover, there was no obvious difference between Taiwan and Korea in the average score of "professional development of teachers".
3.After comparing several competitive structural equation models, the model with better model-fit was the intermediary model for student level. For teacher level, two-order factor model was the better fit model.
4.The measurement models of Taiwan and Korea had only the identity constant and the scale constant, which means that the measurement model across two countries only had weak invariance. The main differences of factor loadings are revealed at item 14F, 16H in the student level, and item 10C, 14C, 18B, 18D, 18E in the teacher level. The differences of these above-mentioned estimates between two countries were more than 0.15.
5.The direct effects of "mathematics learning value" on "mathematics learning self-confidence", and "interest in mathematics" on "mathematics achievement" for the 8th graders in Taiwan are not significant. However, all effect coefficients of student-level factors on mathematics achievement are significant in Korea, indicating that the model of the two countries not exactly the same.
6.The effect coefficients of teacher-level factors on mathematics achievement are not significant different between Taiwan and Korea. However, all effect coefficients of teacher-level factors on mathematics achievement are significant if combining two countries data.
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FU, SU-YUAN, and 傅淑媛. "International Comparisons of Science Learning Achievements by 9-year-old students from Taiwan and Europe: The Case of TIMSS 2003 Database." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56761287532357182067.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>教育行政碩士在職進修專班<br>96<br>This research used the TIMSS 2003 database to conduct a secondary analysis and perform international comparisons of science learning achievements by 9-year-old students of Taiwan and Europe. Additionally, this study adopted Walberg’s science learning achievement model to understand interactions among student dimensions, teaching dimensions, and psychological environmental dimensions in science learning achievements. Research findings show that eight interactions of student dimensions, four interactions of teaching dimensions, and 14 interactions of psychological environmental dimensions are statistically significant in Taiwan and different European countries. Research results support the empirical value of Walberg’s science learning achievement model in science learning achievements of the 9-year-old students of Taiwan and Europe. Also, results provide important theoretical and practical points of reference for Taiwan’s science education.
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HUANG, CHIN-YAO, and 黃金耀. "A Study on Teacher Self-Efficacy and Motivation of Students' Mathematics Learning－A Case Study of 4th Grade Mathematics in TIMSS 2015 Database of Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2s5t54.
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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>教育研究所碩士在職專班<br>106<br>The purpose of this study is to explore 4th grade teacher self-efficacy and learning motivation of their students' mathematics. Those data were derived from the database of TIMSS 2015 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2015）questionaire survey for 4th grade math teachers and students of Taiwan in 2015. The subjects of this study consist of 179 4th grade math teachers and their 4291 students. Those data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient in this study.
The 6 findings of this study are shown as follows,
1. Those teachers’ self-efficacy is middle-high level. Their teaching enthusiastism aspect gets higher level confirmation,but their teaching self-confidence aspect gets lower level confirmation.
2. Those teachers’ self-efficacy is not significantly different in terms of gender,age, teaching years, highest diploma, and subject-matter aspects.
3. Those students’ math learning motivation is middle-high level confirmation. The math learning interest aspect of those students gets higher level confirmation than those of learning math confidence.
4. Math learning motivation between male and female students is significantly different. Math learning motivation of male students get higher than those of female students.
5. The correlation between teacher self-efficacy and motivation of students' mathematics learning is significantly positive.
6. There is a significant positive correlation between teachers' self-efficacy and students' mathematics learning self-confidence. But there is no significant correlation with mathematics learning interests of students.
Finally, the educational implications of this study and recommendations for future study are also proposed.
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GUO, BO-WEI, and 郭柏瑋. "The Study of Influential Factors in Mathematics Achievement Based on Self-system Model of Motivational Development for 4th Graders in Taiwan and Singapore Using TIMSS 2015 Database." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z629jv.
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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>教育資訊與測驗統計研究所<br>106<br>This research focused on analyzing 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study data of 4th grade mathematics in Taiwan and Singapore. The self-system model of motivational development (Skinner, Furrer, Marchand, and Kindermann, 2008) was used to develop and validate the relationship between context factor (student-centered teaching approach), self factor (self-confidence in mathematics study), action factor (teacher-student interaction in classrooms), and outcomes factor (mathematical achievement). Moreover, compare the differences of the impact factor model in mathematical achievements between Taiwan and Singapore with multi-group structural equation modeling.
The main findings were as follows：
1. The measurement model proposed by this study was built by context factor, self factor and action factor. It showed a good fit of the model to the TIMSS 2015 testing data.
2. For fourth graders of Taiwan and Singapore, there were obvious differences on partial intercepts. In order to keep in testing measurement invariance, the intercepts with differences were estimated freely. After the modification of the new confirmatory model, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit of the model. The difference in fitness was also less than 0.01 which meant that the measurement model had configural invariance, metric invariance,partial scalar invariance, and invariant factor means.
3. Limited to the questionnaires in TIMSS 2015, the data analysis results of the questions about "Teacher-student interaction in classrooms", replied by students, tended to students’ self-factors. Therefore, the theoretical model was modified to "context-self-result", which was fitted to the overall samples of Taiwan and Singapore.
4. For the fourth graders in Taiwan and Singapore, the indirect effect of "student-centered teaching approach" on mathematical achievement was extremely low, the indirect impact of "teacher-student interaction in classrooms" on mathematical achievement was positively low, and the direct effect of "self-confidence in mathematics learning" on mathematical achievement was shown moderate positive.
5. The factor "Teacher-student interaction in classrooms" of Taiwan students had a greater effec on "mathematics self-confidence" than Singapore students. The factor "self-confidence in mathematics learning" of Singapore students had a greater effect on "mathematical achievement" than Taiwan students.
Books on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Gonzalez, Eugenio J., and Julie A. Miles. TIMSS 1999 user guide for the benchmarking database. International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, 2001.
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Heinrich, Georges. Changing times, testing times: A bootstrap analysis of poverty and inequality using the PACO database. Heriot-Watt University, 1998.
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Garfinkel, Simson. Database nation: The death of privacy in the 21st century. O'Reilly, 2000.
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Stoll, Clifford. The Cuckoo’s Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage. Doubleday, 1989.
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Financial Times Business Reports Database and Financial Times Company Information Database. Financial Times Business Information, 1986.
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Weinberg, Paul N., and James R. Groff. Lan Times Guide to SQL (LAN Times Series). 2nd ed. Mcgraw-Hill Osborne Media, 1994.
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The Times 100 careerfiles with databank. 2nd ed. MBA Publishing on behalf of Times Newspapers, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Sun, Wenya, Tobias Grubenmann, Reynold Cheng, Ben Kao, and Waiki Ching. "Modeling Long-Range Travelling Times with Big Railway Data." In Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00129-1_38.
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Mendes, Felipe Cardeneti, Piotr Sarna, Pavel Emelyanov, and Cynthia Dunlop. "Getting Data Closer." In Database Performance at Scale. Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9711-7_6.
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AbstractLocation, location, location. Sometimes it’s just as important to database performance as it is to real estate. Just as the location of a home influences how quickly it sells, the location of where data “lives” and is processed also matters for response times and latencies.
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Shokripour, Amin, Mohamed Othman, and Hamidah Ibrahim. "A New Algorithm for Divisible Load Scheduling with Different Processor Available Times." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12145-6_23.
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Chen, Derong, Shuang Liang, Gang Hu, et al. "Mitigating Data Stalls in Deep Learning with Multi-times Data Loading Rule." In Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30637-2_37.
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Nakagawa, Toshio, Kenichiro Naruse, and Sayori Maeji. "Optimal Checking Times of Backup Operation for a Database System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13346-6_13.
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Nguyen, Nhan-Quy, Farouk Yalaoui, Lionel Amodeo, Hicham Chehade, and Pascal Toggenburger. "Solving a Malleable Jobs Scheduling Problem to Minimize Total Weighted Completion Times by Mixed Integer Linear Programming Models." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49390-8_28.
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Wittner, Florian. "A Public Database as a Way Towards More Effective Algorithm Regulation and Transparency?" In Regulating New Technologies in Uncertain Times. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-279-8_10.
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Snowsill, Tristan, Ilias Flaounas, Tijl De Bie, and Nello Cristianini. "Detecting Events in a Million New York Times Articles." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15939-8_46.
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Méger, Nicolas, Christophe Rigotti, and Catherine Pothier. "Swap Randomization of Bases of Sequences for Mining Satellite Image Times Series." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23525-7_12.
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Lijffijt, Jefrey, Panagiotis Papapetrou, Kai Puolamäki, and Heikki Mannila. "Analyzing Word Frequencies in Large Text Corpora Using Inter-arrival Times and Bootstrapping." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23783-6_22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Kupcs, Raimonds. "A VIEW OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION - AN INSIGHT FROM SCIENTIFIC DATABASES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.50.
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Since early times the civilization used to record and store their information about accumulated knowledge, everyday life necessities and other important things. Starting with clay tablets, stones and paper as a more advanced technology followed. Since that moment this trend made its way through centuries until nowadays, with new technological capabilities resulting in the form of digitalization. The paper discusses nuances of the terms, such as digitization, digitalization and digital transformation in scientific literature. The study is backed by discussion about digitalization's popularity, its impact and importance in our society as an irreversible process. The report provides a general insight into the motivation of researchers to conduct research on digitalization in various scientific fields. A historical overview of digitalization phenomena continues in two most popular databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science) insight, which is accompanied by statistical data about the evolving popularity of digitalization terms. Statistical methods were used to analyse data from different angles, including years, countries, languages and science sections, where digitalization terms are the central motive of research. Since first being mentioned in 1922 and a century later, in 2023, digitization terms have grown dramatically in popularity in scientific databases. In the Scopus database, the number of digitalization terms was less than 1000 by 2003, with the next doubling in volume occurring 9 years later in 2012. The next doubling took less than 5 years and it happened in 2017, and again the next one only two years later - in 2019. And already in 2023, it exceeded 21,000, which is a 1929% increase compared with 2003, which shows a genuine interest in the importance of the research into the given topic in modern scientific thought.
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Vidal-Moreno, Pedro J., María R. Fernández-Ruiz, Hugo Martins, Sonia Martin-Lopez та Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez. "Frequency-Time 2D Matched Filter to reduce calibration time in Multifrequency Database CP-ΦOTDR". У Optical Sensors. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2024.stu3c.5.
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Specific post-processing strategies allow to reduce calibration time in Multi-Frequency Database Demodulation CP-ΦOTDR systems. Calibration time has been reduced by a factor of 1000 times by utilizing a novel 2D filtering method, unlocking real-world applicability.
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Colorado, D., S. Serna-Barquera, J. A. Hernández, Y. Barrera-Rojas, M. Lucio-García, and B. Campillo. "Neural Network for Dispersion Strengthened Microalloyed Steel Sour Corrosion from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Laboratory Measurements." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10279.
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Abstract Microalloyed pipeline steels mechanical resistance can be improved by dispersion strengthening. The enhancement of steel dispersion strengthening by tempering at a suitable temperature has been studied at various holding times at 3, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Depending on the elapsed time, microalloying elements that were still located within steel iron lattice can be re-diffused, thus developing different nanoparticle sizes, densities and distribution. The steel yield strength and sulphide stress cracking resistance were significantly improved under sour environment. A systematic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) corrosion study was carried out. The objective of the present work was to predict corrosion results from EIS collected data from the different steel tempering times and exposure temperatures to sour environment (room temperature and 50 °C) by means of an artificial neural network (ANN). For the ANN, an approach based on Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm, hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function, and a linear transfer function was used. The model takes into account of the variations of the real impedance, time and steel exposure temperature. The developed model can be used for prediction at short simulation times illustrating the utility of the ANN. On the validation data set, the simulations and the theoretical data tests were in good agreement with R2 &gt; 0.98 for all experimental databases. These results suggest that ANN may play a key role in making lifetime predictions for components based on laboratory measurements.
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Ponomarev, Andrey, Alexey Mitkovskiy, Yury Shashkin, Oleg Korotkevich, and Andrey Proletarskiy. "CLUSTERED AND NONCLUSTERED INDEXES IN DATABASES AND EDUCATIONAL TASKS ON DEVELOPMENT THE STRUCTURE OF DATABASES." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-147.
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Nowadays, the technology of clustered and nonclustered indexes in databases is used in practically all relational databases. Indexes tell the Database management system (DBMS) how to store the information in the file system of the computer. Clustered and nonclustered ones are the most widespread, because they can increase the speed of selecting from a table many times. The article is about applying a new practical method of teaching undergraduate students in the field of effective development the structure of databases. The introduction of a new method of learning the development of the stricter of databases using clustered and nonclustered indexes, that is required for effective development and further usage of databases in production with big amounts of data. That will allow students to understand, which indexes they should use to increase the speed of selecting, inserting and updating the data in tables of a database. Database design consist of two stages - logical and physical. The logical stage - selection of entities, tables planning, fields, definition of data types for each field, keys, and integrity constrains. The physical stage - planning and index adjustments, file groups, program modules. Indexes are the most basic part of the physical stage. There are many different types of indexes, which used for different purposes. For example, column store index can provide you with a great speed of executing of the aggregation functions. If it is necessary to increase the speed of selection the data from the table, clustered and nonclustered indexes are required. They will be discussed in this article.
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Berra, P. Bruce. "Optical Database Machines." In Optical Computing. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1991.tuc1.
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Databases have become an important aspect of our daily lives. We encounter them in such diverse fields as airline reservations, stock quotation systems, medical information systems, entertainment, sports and a host of other areas. Database management systems (DBMS) place considerable demands on current computing systems primarily because of the large size of the databases, the general functionality of the DBMS and the stringent time requirements for the retrieval of the data. The large size of the database dictates that secondary storage such as optical and magnetic disks be used and this leads to input/output data accessing difficulties since these memory types are on the order of one million times slower in access time than main memory technology. The diverse functionality of DBMS leads to systems with millions of lines of code that consume an enormous number of machine cycles. Add to this the near real time requirement for many applications and one has a system that is both I/O and compute bound.
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Li, Na, and Junhui Liu. "Parallel Filtering Fusion for Asynchronous System with Integer Times Sampling." In 2010 2nd International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications (DBTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dbta.2010.5659023.
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Shah, Amitabh, and Dipak Ghosal. "Trade-offs between response times and availability in a distributed database." In the 4th workshop. ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/504136.504180.
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Silva, Israel, André Neto, and Marcelle Mota. "Analyzing Performance of Geographic Databases to Enhance Social Analysis in Map Applications." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2025.246640.
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Context: Social mapping applications are essential tools for understanding regional needs. In addition to physical geography, these maps integrate data on infrastructure, activities, and social demands— visualizing regions, points of interest, and relevant layers. This approach provides a clear and comprehensive view to support business, government, and social decisions. Problem: Managing social mapping data presents challenges, especially when storing sets of coordinates. This limits specialized database functions, impacting application performance in advanced geospatial functions. In particular, it is difficult to define which technologies are most appropriate to handle such data. Solution: We propose to use geographic databases such as PostgreSQL and MySQL Spatial. To do this, we propose to identify which functionalities are facilitated by these two technologies and compare their performance in executing these functionalities. IS Theory: Guided by the sociotechnical theory of Innovations Theory, this study examines how IS technologies interact in social contexts. Method: This study used a qualitative survey of professionals to propose functionalities considered useful for social analysis and an empirical experiment on the performance of the functionalities using PostGIS and MySQL Spatial databases. Results: Using a geographic database improved data processing, especially for large data. PostGIS showed better scalability and faster response times than MySQL Spatial as data volumes increased. Contributions and Impact on the IS field: This research improves the handling of geospatial data in IS, offering a practical solution to optimize queries, benefiting academia and industry.
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Bakhshi, Roozbeh, and Peter Sandborn. "Overview of Wind Turbine Field Failure Databases: A Discussion of the Requirements for an Analysis." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7311.
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With renewable energy and wind energy in particular becoming mainstream means of energy production, the reliability aspect of wind turbines and their sub-assemblies has become a topic of interest for owners and manufacturers of wind turbines. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs account for more than 25% of total costs of onshore wind projects and these costs are even higher for offshore installations. Effective management of O&M costs depends on accurate failure prediction for turbine sub-assemblies. There are numerous models that predict failure times and O&M costs of wind farms. All these models have inputs in the form of reliability parameters. These parameters are usually generated by researchers using field failure data. There are several databases that report the failure data of operating wind turbines and researches use these failure data to generate the reliability parameters through various methods of statistical analysis. However, in order to perform the statistical analysis or use the results of the analysis, one must understand the underlying assumptions of the database along with information about the wind turbine population in the database such as their power rating, age, etc. In this work, we analyze the relevant assumptions and discuss what information is required from a database in order to improve the statistical analysis on wind turbines’ failure data.
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Cao, H., K. P. Lee, C. M. Ennett, et al. "Heuristics to determine ventilation times of ICU patients from the MIMIC-II database." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5626286.
Full textReports on the topic "TIMSS database"
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Kowolik, Kamil, and Milena Taneva. Creating the TIMSS international databases. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lse.tpisc.timss.rs4924.
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Powell, Andrew, and Giovanni Majnoni. On Endogenous Risk, the Amplification Effects of Financial Systems and Macro Prudential Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011345.
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The recent global financial crisis has put the spotlight on macro-prudential policies to protect firms and households from problems emanating from the financial sector. This paper proposes an analytical framework that combines exogenous and endogenous risks, the latter seen as stemming from frictions in financial markets. Arguing that endogenous risks may be systemic and costly, the paper employs a database of emerging market corporate bond spreads and finds evidence that endogenous risks are present and have amplified the effects of financial crises. Larger financial systems are found to exacerbate the impact of crises, and weaker financial systems are found to exacerbate particularly the impact of banking crises. The results suggest that policymakers should monitor time-varying systemic risks using both price and quantity signals and take actions in good times to mitigate potential amplifying effects at times of stress.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.
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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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liu, cong, xing wang, rao chen, and jie zhang. Meta-analyses of the Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Balance, Gross Motor Function and Daily Living Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0137.
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Review question / Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive, persistent syndrome occurring in the brain of the fetus or infant[1]. The prevalence of CP is 0.2% worldwide, and the prevalence can increase to 20-30 times in preterm or low birth weight newborns. There are about 6 million children with CP in China, and the number is increasing at a rate of 45,000 per year. Virtual reality (VR) refers to a virtual environment that is generated by a computer and can be interacted with.VR can mobilize the visual, auditory, tactile and kinesthetic organs of CP, so that they can actively participate in the rehabilitation exercise. Information sources: Two researchers searched 5 databases, including Pubmed (N=82), Embase (N=191), The Cochrane Library (N=147), Web of Science (N=359) and CNKI (N=11).
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Jenkins, Brian, Bruce Butterworth, and Sachi Yagu. Evolving Patterns of Violence in Developing Countries. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2344.
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In August 2022, MTI issued a report entitled Changing Patterns of Violence Pose New Challenges to Public Surface Transportation in the United States. That report analyzed the frequency and lethality of attacks on public surface transport in economically advanced countries. But what has been going on in non-economically advanced countries – the vast majority of countries in the world? Using the MTI database of Terrorist and Serious Criminal Attacks Against Public Surface Transportation, the authors analyzed attacks against passenger trains and train stations, buses and bus stations and stops, and all rail infrastructure and operating and security personnel in both sets of countries between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2022. For this analysis, countries that are economically advanced are based mostly on OCED membership and are designated as Group 1, and those with developing economies and others that are not OECD members, are designated as Group 2. (Group 3 countries are Israel and territory controlled by the Palestinian authority, which MTI will address in a separate report). This report focuses on Group 2 countries, comparing them to Group 1 countries. Group 2 had more than 7 times the number of attacks, and the lethality of its attacks was 3 times greater than in Group 1. In Group 2, many countries have long-running insurgencies that produce frequent and lethal attacks. There are far more attacks on buses and bus depots and stops in Group 2, reflecting greater reliance on bus travel. Explosives dominate attack methods, and while jihadist attackers are responsible for only 9.7% of attacks, they create 33.7% of fatalities. Jihadists are the most lethal attackers in both Group 1 and Group 2 countries. Suicide attacks account for only about 3% of the attacks in both groups, but while that percentage has gone down in Group 1, it has gone up in Group 2.
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George, Mathew, Katarina Djokic, Zain Hussain, Pieter D. Wezeman, and Siemon T. Wezeman. Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2024. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.55163/xxsz9056.
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Imports of major arms by states in Europe increased by 155 per cent between 2015–19 and 2020–24. However, there was almost no change in the global volume of arms transfers between the two periods (–0.6 per cent) because increases in arms transfers to Europe and the Americas were offset by overall decreases in transfers to all other regions. Ukraine was the world’s largest importer of major arms in 2020–24, as its imports increased nearly 100 times over (+9627 per cent) compared with 2015–19. It was the only European state among the world’s top 10 arms importers in 2020–24. The United States was by far the largest exporter of major arms in 2020–24 with a share of 43 per cent of global arms exports. Russia’s arms exports decreased by 64 per cent between 2015–19 and 2020–24, making it the world’s third largest arms exporter behind the USA and France. From 10 March 2025 the freely available SIPRI Arms Transfers Database includes updated data on transfers of major arms for 1950–2024. Based on the new data, this fact sheet presents global trends in arms exports and arms imports, and highlights selected issues related to transfers of major arms.
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Bäumler, Maximilian, and Matthias Lehmann. Generating representative test scenarios: The FUSE for Representativity (fuse4rep) process model for collecting and analysing traffic observation data. TU Dresden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2024.2.
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Scenario-based testing is a pillar of assessing the effectiveness of automated driving systems (ADSs). For data-driven scenario-based testing, representative traffic scenarios need to describe real road traffic situations in compressed form and, as such, cover normal driving along with critical and accident situations originating from different data sources. Nevertheless, in the choice of data sources, a conflict often arises between sample quality and depth of information. Police accident data (PD) covering accident situations, for example, represent a full survey and thus have high sample quality but low depth of information. However, for local video-based traffic observation (VO) data using drones and covering normal driving and critical situations, the opposite is true. Only the fusion of both sources of data using statistical matching can yield a representative, meaningful database able to generate representative test scenarios. For successful fusion, which requires as many relevant, shared features in both data sources as possible, the following question arises: How can VO data be collected by drones and analysed to create the maximum number of relevant, shared features with PD? To answer that question, we used the Find–Unify–Synthesise–Evaluation (FUSE) for Representativity (FUSE4Rep) process model.We applied the first (“Find”) and second (“Unify”) step of this model to VO data and conducted drone-based VOs at two intersections in Dresden, Germany, to verify our results. We observed a three-way and a four-way intersection, both without traffic signals, for more than 27 h, following a fixed sample plan. To generate as many relevant information as possible, the drone pilots collected 122 variables for each observation (which we published in the ListDB Codebook) and the behavioural errors of road users, among other information. Next, we analysed the videos for traffic conflicts, which we classified according to the German accident type catalogue and matched with complementary information collected by the drone pilots. Last, we assessed the crash risk for the detected traffic conflicts using generalised extreme value (GEV) modelling. For example, accident type 211 was predicted as happening 1.3 times per year at the observed four-way intersection. The process ultimately facilitated the preparation of VO data for fusion with PD. The orientation towards traffic conflicts, the matched behavioural errors and the estimated GEV allowed creating accident-relevant scenarios. Thus, the model applied to VO data marks an important step towards realising a representative test scenario database and, in turn, safe ADSs.
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Svynarenko, Radion, Guoping Huang, Theresa L. Profant, and Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of End-of-Life Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in Rural Appalachia: An Analytic Codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/n89xhm.
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Appalachia is one of the most medically underserved areas in the nation. The region has provider shortages and limited healthcare infrastructure. Children and adolescents in this area are in poor health and do not receive the needed quality care. Implementation of section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a terminal illness to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. In addition to being more comprehensive than standard hospice care, this relatively new type of care is more culturally congruent with the end-of-life values of rural Appalachian families, who often view standard hospice as hastening death. The overall goal of this project was to investigate access to pediatric concurrent hospice care in Appalachia. Our central hypothesis was that concurrent care reduces rural/urban disparities in access to hospice care. Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) used in this project was used and included 1,788 children who resided in the Appalachian region– from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. Observations with missing birth dates, death dates, and participants older than 21 years were removed from the final sample. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases were created to map the boundaries of the Appalachian region, hospice locations, and driving times to them.
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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.