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Academic literature on the topic 'Tin ore deposits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

1

Jiménez-Franco, Abigail, Pura Alfonso, Carles Canet, and Juan Elvys Trujillo. "Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia." Andean Geology 45, no. 3 (June 6, 2018): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov45n3-3052.

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The Santa Fe mining district is located in the Central Andean tin belt of Bolivia and contains several Sn-Zn-Pb-Ag deposits. From the economic point of view, the most important deposits of the district are Japo, Santa Fe and Morococala. Beyond the traditional metal commodities, the Central Andean Tin Belt could become an exploration target for indium, owing to the potential of the ore-bearing paragenesis with high concentrations of this technology-critical element. In the Santa Fe mining district, the ore occurs as two main types: (a) Sn-rich cassiterite-quartz veins, and (b) Zn-Pb-Ag veins with sphalerite, galena and stannite mineral phases. The In content in igneous rocks is between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm, whereas in the ore concentrate it attains up to 200 ppm. The 1,000×In/Zn ratio in concentrate ranges from 25 up to 4,000. Exceptionally high In values were found in sakuraiite from Morococala deposit (2.03 wt%). Sakuraiite in this deposit shows evidences for a link between stannite and kësterite trend of solid solutions. There is a noteworthy exploration potential for strategic metals in this district and even in similar deposits elsewhere in the Central Andean tin belt.

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Li, Ying Shu, Yan Cai, Nan Chen, Jiao Jiao Chen, Lun Wang, Yi Ke Zhang, and Da Qing He. "Source of Tinny Granite in Gejiu Tin Ore Deposit in Yunnan Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3493.

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It had been believed that the genesis of tinny granite in Gejiu tin ore deposits were hydrothermal mineralization in granite of Yanshanian epoch by most researchers for a long time. However, according to the form, attitude and sulphur isotope in the ore of the oreboby, the authors believe the genesis of the tin ore deposit is relict body of granitic superimposed ore-forming of the Yanshanian epoch after the basic volcano ore-forming of the Indo-Chinese epoch. It’s proved that the form and attitude of the oreboby is basically consistent with the form and attitude of the basalt of the Indo-Chinese epoch. Because sulphur isotope in pyrite of the ore is from 0.21 per thousand to 4.4 per thousand, feature of source of the mantle sulphur isotope is reflected.

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Cheng, Yong Sheng. "Lead Isotope of Sulfide Minerals from Dachang Ore Field of Guangxi (South China): Characteristic and Implication." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1399.

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In the Danchi mineralization belt of Guangxi province, south China, the Dachang tin-polymetallic ore deposit is one of the largest Sn ore deposits in this world. But about the genesis and the ore source, there have been some disputes. In terms of the Dafulou deposit, the mineralization model and deposit mechanism is rather illegibility. By analysing and comparing the lead isotope of three ore deposit (the Changpo, the Lamo and the Dafulou), it show that the correlations of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb of sulfide minerals demonstrate obvious excellent linear relation. So, it is also suggested that the eastern mineralization belt, the middle mineralization belt and the western mineralization belt shared the same ore source. And, according to the features of no.22 ore body, the Dafulou deposit is characterized with the characteristics of the Sedimentary Exhalative Deposit (SEDEX).

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Gaspar, O., and A. Pinto. "The ore textures of the Neves-Corvo volcanogenic massive sulphides and their implications for ore beneficiation." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 380 (September 1991): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.380.11.

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AbstractThe Neves-Corvo mine opened officially in December 1988 and it is already the biggest producer of copper in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Tin production started in 1990. The ore deposits of the IPB are related to felsic submarine volcanism which developed during the lower Tournaisian to the middle Visean. At the end of the first phase of Hercynian deformation in the middle Westphalian, the ore deposits were affected by low-pressure metamorphism producing schistosity and prehenite-pumpellyite greenschist facies assemblages in the volcanogenic sediments of the IPB.The unique nature of the mineralogy of the Neves-Corvo deposit compared with other IPB deposits is mainly a result of the introduction of later Cu-rich hydrothermal solutions to the primitive ore pile and the presence of tin mineralisation. The cupriferous ores are rich in tetrahedrite-tennantite, stannite, kesterite, stannoidite and mawsonite.Cassiterite occurs in Neves-Corvo: (a) as thin layers of euhedral crystals in cupriferous ores, partially replaced by chalcopyrite; (b) in the schistosity of a banded black shale chalcopyrite hanging wall formation; (c) as metre-sized lenses of massive cassiterite overlying the cupriferous ores.The ore textures at Neves-Corvo are complex, due to intergrowths of fine colloform pyrite with the base metal minerals. Because of the low grade of metamorphism, colloform, geopetal and soft-sediment diagenetic features are preserved in the ‘complex ores’. These ‘complex ores’ have contents of 0.5% Cu, 1% Pb and 5.5% Zn. In copper-rich ores (7.9% Cu and 1.4% Zn), replacement of the primary ore by chalcopyrite has obliterated most of these textures and produced fine chalcopyrite-tetrahedrite-pyrite intergrowths. The textures clearly indicate the genesis of these ores but they impose a practical problem in recovery of the metals. There is no clear correlation between these textures and the ore classification used at the mine, but an understanding of the textures is vital since the ‘complex ores’ require fine grinding to achieve liberation and the fine grinding adversely affects the froth flotation processing of the ore.The implications of the complex sulphide textures for ore beneficiation have been studied using reflected light microscopy, with determination of modal analyses and grain-size distributions of free particles and middlings from concentrates and tailings.The outcome of a one-year intensive study is that the ore microscopy laboratory at the mine now produces daily information about the textures of the feed ores so that metallurgical engineers can optimise the performance of the ore dressing plant.

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Slack, John F., Leonid A. Neymark, Richard J. Moscati, Heather A. Lowers, Paul W. Ransom, Robert L. Hauser, and David T. Adams. "Origin of Tin Mineralization in the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, British Columbia: Constraints from Textures, Geochemistry, and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology of Cassiterite." Economic Geology 115, no. 8 (August 24, 2020): 1699–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4761.

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Abstract Textural, geochronological, and geochemical data are presented here for cassiterite from the giant (149.7 million tonnes [Mt]) Mesoproterozoic Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, which has been subjected to several tectonothermal events. These data provide constraints on the age and origin of the tin concentrations and new insights into related base metal mineralization. Sullivan is rare among sediment-hosted, stratiform Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in having high tin contents in ore (up to 2.5 wt %; avg 310 ppm Sn). Cassiterite occurs in all facies of this deformed and metamorphosed deposit, including (1) high-grade veins with arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, (2) bedded Pb-Zn-Ag ores, (3) massive pyrrhotite, (4) footwall and hanging-wall tourmalinites, and (5) other altered wall rocks. New in situ U-Pb dates for Sullivan cassiterite obtained by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are modeled by a multicomponent-based algorithm that yields three age peaks: 1475 ± 4 Ma (51% of the data), 1366 ± 10 Ma (25%), and 1074 ± 7 Ma (24%). These dates are attributed, respectively, to primary tin mineralization at ca. 1475 Ma, the East Kootenay orogeny at ca. 1370 to 1300 Ma, and the Grenvillian orogeny at ca. 1100 to 980 Ma. Based on the presence and local abundance of cassiterite in all ore and ore-related rocks at Sullivan, the U-Pb date of 1475 ± 4 Ma reported here represents the first direct age for ore mineralization in the deposit. Occurrence of texturally discordant rims on Sullivan cassiterite grains having U-Pb dates coeval with the East Kootenay and Grenvillian orogenies suggests that these young dates reflect dissolution-reprecipitation processes associated with channelized metamorphic fluid flow. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dates obtained on low-U (<10 ppm) cassiterite also indicate that U-Pb dates for cassiterite from other metamorphosed deposits should be viewed with caution and not assumed to record an age of primary tin mineralization. Aqueous transport conditions for tin are evaluated to gain insights into the cassiterite mineralization at Sullivan. Based on fO2-pH topology of aqueous tin species at 250°C, tin transport was dominated by an SnCl3− complex at fO2 of about –40 and pH of <4.0, conditions that were constrained, respectively, by widespread occurrence of pyrrhotite in deep footwall siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of the host Aldridge Formation and by release of CO2 from shallow mafic sills and resulting formation of carbonic acid in condensed brine. The low fO2 value also reflects inferred production of CH4 from heating of organic matter in the sediments during emplacement of these sills. Based on a fluid pH restriction of <4.0 and a requirement for sparse or no K-feldspar in the source, the tin likely derives from previously altered Lower Aldridge strata. This model relies on the early diagenetic dissolution of K-feldspar from these sediments by basinal brines, followed by interaction with a later, more acidic hydrothermal fluid generated during the emplacement of large mafic sills in the shallow subsurface that leached tin from accessory minerals such as titanite in siliciclastic sediments of the Lower Aldridge Formation. Mass balance calculations suggest that derivation of the tin from this sedimentary source (avg 2.0 ppm Sn) required ~40 km3 and a cylinder diameter of 3.2 km (height 5.0 km) in order to supply the 0.1 Mt of tin contained in the deposit. The presence of mafic sills in the footwall of several other tin-bearing, sediment-hosted, stratiform Pb-Zn-Ag deposits and in modern, tin-rich, sediment-hosted sulfide deposits in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that siliciclastic marine basins that contain mafic sills—with or without stratiform sulfide deposits—should be evaluated for possible tin mineralization.

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Semenyak, B. I., P. G. Korostelev, and V. G. Gonevchuk. "TIN-POLYMETALLIC DEPOSITS IN THE FURMANOVSKY ORE DISTRICT (SOUTH PRIMORYE, RUSSIA)." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences, no. 2(38) (2018): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2018-2-38-76-83.

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Cheng, Yong Sheng. "Geological Characteristics of the Dafulou Tin–Polymetallic Sulfide Deposits in Guangxi, South China." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1350.

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The Danchi mineralization belt is an important ore district in southern China. According to the tectonic characteristics, the Danchi mineralization belt could be devided into three mineralization belts, such as the east mineralization belt, the west mineralization belt and the middle mineralization belt. The Dafulou deposit, which belongs to the east mineralization belt, is located in the eastern flank of the NNW–SSE-trending Danchi anticlinorium. The key structures in the Dafulou ore district are the NW-trending faults, which developed parallel with the axis of the Dachang anticlinorium. In the Dafulou ore district, the Devonian stratum has a closed contact with the Sn–polymetallic deposits. In the Danchi mineralization belt, the granite belongs to alkali-calcium rock series or near to the alkali rock series. There are four different types of hydrothermal alteration, including silicification, carbonation, pyritization and pyrrhotitezation.

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Liu, Shiyu, Yuping Liu, Lin Ye, Chen Wei, Yi Cai, and Weihong Chen. "Genesis of Dulong Sn-Zn-In Polymetallic Deposit in Yunnan Province, South China: Insights from Cassiterite U-Pb Ages and Trace Element Compositions." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020199.

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The Dulong Sn-Zn-In polymetallic deposit in the Yunnan province, SW China, hosts a reserve of 5.0 Mt Zn, 0.4 Mt Sn, and 7 Kt In. It is one of the most important polymetallic tin ore districts in China. Granites at Dulong mining area include mainly the Laojunshan granite (third phase), which occurs as quartz porphyry or granite porphyry dikes in the Southern edge of the Laojunshan intrusive complex. Granites of phases one and two are intersected at drill holes at depth. There are three types of cassiterite mineralization developed in the deposit: cassiterite-magnetite ± sulfide ore (Cst I), cassiterite-sulfide ore (Cst II) within the proximal skarn in contact with the concealed granite (granites of phases one to two and three), and cassiterite-quartz vein ore (Cst III) near porphyritic granite. Field geology and petrographic studies indicate that acid neutralising muscovitization and pyroxene reactions were part of mechanisms for Sn precipitation resulting from fluid-rock interaction. In situ U–Pb dating of cassiterite samples from the ore stages of cassiterite-sulfide (Cst II) and Cassiterite-quartz vein (Cst III) yielded Tera-Wasserburg U–Pb lower intercept ages of 88.5 ± 2.1 Ma and 82.1 ± 6.3 Ma, respectively. The two mineralization ages are consistent with the emplacement age of the Laojunshan granite (75.9–92.9 Ma) within error, suggesting a close temporal link between Sn-Zn(-In) mineralization and granitic magmatism. LA-ICPMS trace element study of cassiterite indicates that tetravalent elements (such as Zr, Hf, Ti, U, W) are incorporated in cassiterite by direct substitution, and the trivalent element (Fe) is replaced by coupled substitution. CL image shows that the fluorescence signal of Cst I–II is greater than that of Cst III, which is caused by differences in contents of activating luminescence elements (Al, Ti, W, etc.) and quenching luminescence element (Fe). Elevated W and Fe but lowered Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta concentrations of the three type cassiterites from the Dulong Sn-Zn-In polymetallic deposit are distinctly different from those of cassiterites in VMS/SEDEX tin deposits, but similar to those from granite-related tin deposits. From cassiterite-magnetite ± sulfide (Cst I), cassiterite-sulfide ore (Cst II), to cassiterite-quartz vein ore-stage (Cst III), high field strength elements (HFSEs: Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf) decrease. This fact combined with cassiterite crystallization ages, indicates that Cst I–II mainly related to concealed granite (Laojunshan granites of phases one and two) while Cst III is mainly related to porphyritic granite (Laojunshan granites of phase three).

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Lobo, Agustin, Emma Garcia, Gisela Barroso, David Martí, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel, and Jordi Ibáñez-Insa. "Machine Learning for Mineral Identification and Ore Estimation from Hyperspectral Imagery in Tin–Tungsten Deposits: Simulation under Indoor Conditions." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 3258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163258.

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This study aims to assess the feasibility of delineating and identifying mineral ores from hyperspectral images of tin–tungsten mine excavation faces using machine learning classification. We compiled a set of hand samples of minerals of interest from a tin–tungsten mine and analyzed two types of hyperspectral images: (1) images acquired with a laboratory set-up under close-to-optimal conditions, and (2) a scan of a simulated mine face using a field set-up, under conditions closer to those in the gallery. We have analyzed the following minerals: cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), chalcopyrite, malachite, muscovite, and quartz. Classification (Linear Discriminant Analysis, Singular Vector Machines and Random Forest) of laboratory spectra had a very high overall accuracy rate (98%), slightly lower if the 450–950 nm and 950–1650 nm ranges are considered independently, and much lower (74.5%) for simulated conventional RGB imagery. Classification accuracy for the simulation was lower than in the laboratory but still high (85%), likely a consequence of the lower spatial resolution. All three classification methods performed similarly in this case, with Random Forest producing results of slightly higher accuracy. The user’s accuracy for wolframite was 85%, but cassiterite was often confused with wolframite (user’s accuracy: 70%). A lumped ore category achieved 94.9% user’s accuracy. Our study confirms the suitability of hyperspectral imaging to record the spatial distribution of ore mineralization in progressing tungsten–tin mine faces.

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Razikov, Odil Takhirjanovich, Khabibulla Asadovich Akbarov, and Mehrozh Nurillaevich Zhuraev. "Metallogy Of The Zeravshano-Alay Belt (South Tianshan)." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 12 (December 27, 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue12-08.

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The work describes the genetic types and conditions for the localization of mineralization - individual deposits and ore occurrences. Also, the indicated mineralized zones, the conditions of occurrence of the mineralization, the geological-structural position and the peculiarities of the host complexes. Descriptions of promising tungsten, tin ore, polymetallic, mercury and other ore zones, which serve as a reserve in expanding the resource base in the Republic, are given. Tungsten, tin ore, and mercury mineralizations are characterized in somewhat more detail, since the latter in the region under study is often spatially associated with gold and forms mercury-antimony-polymetallic mineralization.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

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Grabow, Gerd. "Zum 175. Geburtstag Alfred Wilhelm Stelzners, eines verdienstvollen Wissenschaftlers auf dem Gebiet der Geologie und der Lagerstättenlehre." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-210763.

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Grabow, Gerd. "Zum 175. Geburtstag Alfred Wilhelm Stelzners, eines verdienstvollen Wissenschaftlers auf dem Gebiet der Geologie und der Lagerstättenlehre." ACAMONTA 22(2015), 2015. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23082.

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Saad, Allan Emile. "A petrological study of the tin-tungsten deposit at Renosterkop, Augrabies, Northern Cape Province / by Allan Emile Saad." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/606.

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Renosterkop is a large low grade tin-tungsten-zinc deposit located 85km WSW of Upington in the northern Cape Province, South Africa. The mineralization is hosted by a number of shallow-dipping, sheeted greisen bodies that are surrounded by, and partly intercalated with a well foliated granite gneiss country rock. The gneiss is taken to belong to the intrusive Riemvasmaak gneiss of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex. The mineralized host (referred to as TBQ) is a grey, homogeneous, fine to medium grained rock composed predominantly of quartz, biotite and topaz with minor amounts of fluorite and accessory opaque minerals, zircon and secondary chlorite. The unmineralized granite gneiss country rock is medium-to coarse-grained, pinkish in colour and composed primarily of microcline, plagioclase, quartz and biotite, with or without hornblende. Rock types, transitional in mineralogy but with clearly distinguishable contacts, are present between the TBQ and the granite gneiss. A prominent chemical and mineralogical halo, 20m to 50m wide, envelopes the Renosterkop deposit. There is a gradational transition from an unaltered hornblende biotite gneiss, through gneiss containing greenish-brown biotite to an approximately 2 m wide transition zone, characterized by the partial replacement of the greenish-brown biotite by chlorite. The transition zone in turn yields to the TBQ in which reddish-brown biotite forms at the expense of the chlorite, and topaz, quartz and fluorite are formed at the expense of the feldspar. Major and trace element analyses show a spectrum of chemical compositions with coherent trends that support a gradational transition from the hornblende-bearing granite gneiss, through the transitional rock types to the TBQ. The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Renosterkop rock types are consistent with an origin by progressive greisenization of a "within plate" A- type granitoid host rock. A genetic model is proposed which involves the formation of the TBQ greisen during intense metasomatic alteration and replacement of the granite gneiss within a zone of structural weakness that provided conduits for migrating, F-rich, metal-bearing solutions, and thereby inherited the foliation and structural features present in the original granite gneiss.
Thesis (MSc)--PU vir CHO, 1987.

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Hösel, Günter, Erich Fritsch, Ulrich Josiger, and Peter Wolf. "Das Lagerstättengebiet Geyer." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79143.

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Die Monographie des Lagerstättengebietes Geyer bildet in räumlicher und inhaltlicher Hinsicht eine Fortsetzung und Ergänzung der 1994 veröffentlichten Monographie des Zinnerzlagerstättengebietes Ehrenfriedersdorf. Im Lagerstättengebiet Geyer lassen sich mehrere Lagerstättentypen unterscheiden. Verbreitet sind stratiforme Typen. Hierzu gehören Sulfiderzlager vom Typ Kiesgrube, die Bildungen der prävariszischen Geosynklinaletappe darstellen, und Skarnlager, die genetisch zum variszischen Mineralisationszyklus zählen. Unter den zinnführenden Strukturen erlangt der stockwerkartige metasomatische Strukturtyp im Endokontakbereich die größte Bedeutung. Gangförmige zinnerzführende Ausfüllungsstrukturen im Exokontakt sind in geringerer Intensität als im benachbarten Ehrenfriedersdorfer Revier verbreitet. Hydrothermale Gangstrukturen erlangen keine Lagerstättenbedeutung. Die in den Gängen auftretenden Mineralisationen lassen sich sowohl dem variszischen als auch dem postvariszisch-saxonischen Mineralisationszyklus zuordnen. Die Beschreibung der Lagerstätten und Vorkommen umfaßt die Kiesgrube Geyer (Sulfiderzlager), den Schurf 14/67 (Skarntyp), das Lagerstättengebiet Geyer SW (Skarntyp), die Zinnlagerstätte Geyer (Greisentyp), den Schurf 1/61 (Skarntyp und Gangtyp), das Revier Spitzberg mit dem Spitzberger Erbstolln sowie den Schürfen 2/68 und 2/69 (Skarntyp und Gangtyp), das Revier Geyer NO (Gangtyp) und Zinnseifen. Angaben zum Altbergbau und zu den Aufschlußverhältnissen stehen am Beginn jeder Lagerstättenbeschreibung. Es folgt eine lithostratigraphische Zuordnung der aufgeschlossenen metamorphen Schichtenfolge, eine kurze petrographische Charakterisierung der auftretenden magmatischen Gesteine und eine Beschreibung der tektonischen Elemente. Die eigentliche Lagerstättencharakteristik umfaßt Ausbildung, räumliche Position und Form der Erzkörper sowie Paragenese und Verteilungsgesetzmäßigkeiten. Die in den Aufschlüssen der ehem. SDAG Wismut angetroffene Uranvererzung, ihre tektonische und lithologische Kontrolle, wird mit beschrieben. Unter den bergbautechnischen Angaben nehmen die Ergebnisse von Aufbereitungsversuchen den größten Raum ein. Hydro- und ingenieurgeologische Fakten sowie Abbaumethoden finden nur stichwortartig Erwähnung. Unter bergwirtschaftlichen Angaben werden Bemusterungsmethoden, Bemusterungsergebnisse und, soweit möglich, Vorratszahlen mitgeteilt. Altlasten sind geogen und anthropogen bedingt. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind anthropogen bedingte Arsen-Anomalien im Boden (Hüttenwerke, Pochwerke). Verwahrung, Sanierung und Rekultivierung ehemals bergbaulich genutzter Flächen lassen sich im Lagerstättengebiet Geyer relativ problemlos lösen.

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Hösel, Günter. "Das Zinnerz-Lagerstättengebiet Ehrenfriedersdorf/Erzgebirge." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-78881.

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Die 1990 stillgelegte Grube kann auf eine 750-jährige Bergbaugeschichte zurückblicken. Im vorliegenden Band werden vor allem die Ergebnisse der umfangreichen Such- und Erkundungsarbeiten der letzten Betriebsperiode zusammenfassend dargelegt. Die Rahmengesteine bilden amphibol- bis grünschieferfaziell geprägte Metamorphite proterozoischer und kambrischer Ausgangsgesteine. Die metamorphe Schichtenfolge wird unterlagert vom mittelerzgebirgischen Teilpluton, in dem vier Granittypen unterschieden werden, die petrographisch und geochemisch eine Entwicklungsreihe bilden. Die Lagerstättentektonik wird von einer diagonalen Scherflächentektonik bestimmt. Zwischen Deformation, Magmatismus, Metasomatose und Mineralisation bestehen enge genetische Beziehungen. Zeitlich lassen sich die Zinnmineralisationen nach Altersdatierungen zwischen 288 und 302 Millionen Jahren einordnen. Unter den zinnerzführenden Strukturen erlangen Ausfüllungsstrukturen (Trümerzüge, Gangzüge) die größte Bedeutung. Bei den metasomatischen Strukturen lassen sich gangförmige (Greisengänge im Exokontakt, gangartige Greisenzonen im Endokontakt), stockwerkartige (unregelmäßige Greisenkörper im Endokontakt) und lagerförmige Strukturen (Skarne) unterscheiden. Intensive pedo- und lithogeochemische Untersuchungen führten zur Berechnung von Zonalitätsreihen und zur Ableitung von Zonalitätskoeffizienten in mehreren Teillagerstätten. Die Verteilung bestimmter Spurenelemente im Kassiterit wird, abhängig vom Chemismus der zinnführenden Lösungen, vor allem durch die räumliche Position zum Granit und durch die Lithologie des Nebengesteins bestimmt. Innerhalb des gesamten variszischen Mineralisationszyklus zeigen Temperatur und Salinität der Lösungen eine relativ gleichförmige Entwicklung von höheren zu niedrigeren Werten an. Das geomechanische Verhalten des Gebirges und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Tagesoberfläche werden entscheidend beeinflusst von den gewählten Abbauverfahren, der Lage der Abbaue in Bezug zur Erdoberfläche und der lokalen geologischen Situation. Die älteste Abbaumethode im Festgestein ist der Strossenbau. Der Firstenstoßbau kam nur in unbedeutendem Umfang zur Anwendung. In der letzten Bergbauperiode wurde der Firstenstoßbau mit Magazinierung eingeführt. Greisenkörper wurden im Teilsohlenkammerbau, die bis 40 m mächtigen Trümerzüge des Nordwestfeldes im Teilsohlenbruchbau gewonnen. Die Bemusterung der Auffahrungen geschah durch Schlitzproben, der bergmännisch nicht aufgeschlossenen Lagerstättenbereiche durch Bohrkern- oder Bohrschlammproben. Tiefbohrungen wurden mittels Sammelsplitter- und Kernproben bemustert. Mit Einstellung des Bergbaus ist im Lagerstättendistrikt Ehrenfriedersdorf bei Trümer- und Greisenerz ein Vorratsstand von 17,1 kt zu verzeichnen. Die Hauptaltlast des Erzbergbaus stellt Arsen dar. Besondere Bedeutung erlangen anthropogen bedingte As-Anomalien (Hüttenwerke, Pochwerke, Aufbereitungsrückstände).

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Naude, Karin. "A mineralogical and geochemical study of the tin deposit at NAD-mine in the Rooiberg tin field." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/58243.

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Thesis (MSc.)--Stellenbosch University, 1994.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The NAD deposit forms part of the A-Mine Complex in the Rooiberg tin field in the north-western Transvaal. Mining started in 1986 and the mine was closed recently following a decline of tin prices and metallurgical problems with ore recovery. The deposit is hosted by the Boschoffsberg Quartzite Member of the Pretoria Group sediments and is structurally controlled within the so-called Tin Zone. Extensive alteration of the original host rocks occurred during the mineralisation event. Potassic remobilisation and redistribution appear to have taken place pervasively. The nature of the original host rock was altered to such an extent that it cannot be classified correctly. Previous workers refer to the host rock as an arkose because of its feldspathic nature. Wall rock alteration in the hanging- and foot wall of the different ore lodes (fractures) is generally similar. Very little change is observed in whole rock chemistry away from the lodes. The mineral chemistry of the ore lode minerals is indicative of fluid composition and mineralising conditions in the NAD deposit. The FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratio of tourmalines indicates deposition at a distance from the source of the mineralising fluids. Pyrite trace element chemistry differs from that of the Leeuwpoort deposit, indicating changing fluid chemistry. Contrary to previous assumptions that the carbonate present is ankerite, abundant siderite occurrences were found. Pyrite may co-precipitate with siderite under specific physico-chemical conditions. Cassiterite is generally trace element poor and relatively enriched in Fe. Hydraulic brecciation of the fractures as well as the tourmaline chemistry are strong indicators of a hydrothermal origin for the NAD deposit. However, the origin of the hydrothermal fluids is still uncertain.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die NAD- tinafsetting vorm dee/ van die A-Myn-kompleks in die Rooiberg tinveld in die noord-wes Transvaal. Die myn is in 1986 geopen en is onlangs gesluit weens swak tinpryse en metallurgiese ertsherwinningsprobleme. Die tinafsetting kom voor in die Boschoffsberg Kwartsiet lid van die Pretoria Groep sedimente. Dit is strukturee/ gekontroleer binne die sogenaamde Tin Sone. Vorige navorsers het na die waardgesteente as 'n arkose verwys op grand van die hoe veldspaat-inhoud. lntensiewe en uitgebreide verandering van die oorspronklike waardgesteentes het plaasgevind tydens mineralisasie. Deurdringende kalium-hermobilisering en -herverspreiding het plaasgevind. Die aard van die oorspronklike waardgesteente is egter tot so 'n mate verander, dat dit chemies nie korrek gek/assifiseer kan word nie. Wandrotsverandering van die verskil/ende ertsskeute in beide die voet- en dakgesteentes is baie soortge/yk. Die heelrotsgeochemie van die wandgesteentes verskil baie min weg van die ertsskeute af. Die mineraalchemie van die ertsskeut-minerale is aanduidend van die v/oeistofsamestelling en mineralisasietoestande van die NAD-tinafsetting. Die FeO/(FeO + MgO) verhouding van toermalyne dui daarop dat afsetting op 'n afstand vanaf die bron van die mineralisasie-vloeistowwe plaasgevind het. Die spoor-elementchemie van die NAD-piriete verskil van die piriete van die Leeuwpoort tinafsetting, wat verandering in vloeistofsamestelling aandui. In teenstelling met vorige aannames dat die karbonate in die Rooiberg tinafsettings as ankeriet bekend staan, is daar volop sideriet gevind. Piriet kristalliseer dikwels saam met sideriet onder spesifieke fisiese en chemiese toestande. Kassiteriet is meestal arm aan spoor-elemente, maar is relatief verryk in Fe. Hidroliese breksiering van die skeute en die toermalyn-chemie dui sterk op 'n hidrotermale oorsprong vir die NAD afsetting. Die bron van die vloeistowwe is nog nie definitief vasgestel nie.
Digitized at 300 dpi Colour PDF format (OCR), using ,KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. Digitised, Ricardo Davids on request from IBL 10 September 2013

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Hösel, Günter. "Das Zinnerz-Lagerstättengebiet Ehrenfriedersdorf/Erzgebirge." Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, 1994. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1643.

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Die 1990 stillgelegte Grube kann auf eine 750-jährige Bergbaugeschichte zurückblicken. Im vorliegenden Band werden vor allem die Ergebnisse der umfangreichen Such- und Erkundungsarbeiten der letzten Betriebsperiode zusammenfassend dargelegt. Die Rahmengesteine bilden amphibol- bis grünschieferfaziell geprägte Metamorphite proterozoischer und kambrischer Ausgangsgesteine. Die metamorphe Schichtenfolge wird unterlagert vom mittelerzgebirgischen Teilpluton, in dem vier Granittypen unterschieden werden, die petrographisch und geochemisch eine Entwicklungsreihe bilden. Die Lagerstättentektonik wird von einer diagonalen Scherflächentektonik bestimmt. Zwischen Deformation, Magmatismus, Metasomatose und Mineralisation bestehen enge genetische Beziehungen. Zeitlich lassen sich die Zinnmineralisationen nach Altersdatierungen zwischen 288 und 302 Millionen Jahren einordnen. Unter den zinnerzführenden Strukturen erlangen Ausfüllungsstrukturen (Trümerzüge, Gangzüge) die größte Bedeutung. Bei den metasomatischen Strukturen lassen sich gangförmige (Greisengänge im Exokontakt, gangartige Greisenzonen im Endokontakt), stockwerkartige (unregelmäßige Greisenkörper im Endokontakt) und lagerförmige Strukturen (Skarne) unterscheiden. Intensive pedo- und lithogeochemische Untersuchungen führten zur Berechnung von Zonalitätsreihen und zur Ableitung von Zonalitätskoeffizienten in mehreren Teillagerstätten. Die Verteilung bestimmter Spurenelemente im Kassiterit wird, abhängig vom Chemismus der zinnführenden Lösungen, vor allem durch die räumliche Position zum Granit und durch die Lithologie des Nebengesteins bestimmt. Innerhalb des gesamten variszischen Mineralisationszyklus zeigen Temperatur und Salinität der Lösungen eine relativ gleichförmige Entwicklung von höheren zu niedrigeren Werten an. Das geomechanische Verhalten des Gebirges und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Tagesoberfläche werden entscheidend beeinflusst von den gewählten Abbauverfahren, der Lage der Abbaue in Bezug zur Erdoberfläche und der lokalen geologischen Situation. Die älteste Abbaumethode im Festgestein ist der Strossenbau. Der Firstenstoßbau kam nur in unbedeutendem Umfang zur Anwendung. In der letzten Bergbauperiode wurde der Firstenstoßbau mit Magazinierung eingeführt. Greisenkörper wurden im Teilsohlenkammerbau, die bis 40 m mächtigen Trümerzüge des Nordwestfeldes im Teilsohlenbruchbau gewonnen. Die Bemusterung der Auffahrungen geschah durch Schlitzproben, der bergmännisch nicht aufgeschlossenen Lagerstättenbereiche durch Bohrkern- oder Bohrschlammproben. Tiefbohrungen wurden mittels Sammelsplitter- und Kernproben bemustert. Mit Einstellung des Bergbaus ist im Lagerstättendistrikt Ehrenfriedersdorf bei Trümer- und Greisenerz ein Vorratsstand von 17,1 kt zu verzeichnen. Die Hauptaltlast des Erzbergbaus stellt Arsen dar. Besondere Bedeutung erlangen anthropogen bedingte As-Anomalien (Hüttenwerke, Pochwerke, Aufbereitungsrückstände).

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Hösel, Günter, Erich Fritsch, Ulrich Josiger, and Peter Wolf. "Das Lagerstättengebiet Geyer." Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, 1986. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A1652.

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Die Monographie des Lagerstättengebietes Geyer bildet in räumlicher und inhaltlicher Hinsicht eine Fortsetzung und Ergänzung der 1994 veröffentlichten Monographie des Zinnerzlagerstättengebietes Ehrenfriedersdorf. Im Lagerstättengebiet Geyer lassen sich mehrere Lagerstättentypen unterscheiden. Verbreitet sind stratiforme Typen. Hierzu gehören Sulfiderzlager vom Typ Kiesgrube, die Bildungen der prävariszischen Geosynklinaletappe darstellen, und Skarnlager, die genetisch zum variszischen Mineralisationszyklus zählen. Unter den zinnführenden Strukturen erlangt der stockwerkartige metasomatische Strukturtyp im Endokontakbereich die größte Bedeutung. Gangförmige zinnerzführende Ausfüllungsstrukturen im Exokontakt sind in geringerer Intensität als im benachbarten Ehrenfriedersdorfer Revier verbreitet. Hydrothermale Gangstrukturen erlangen keine Lagerstättenbedeutung. Die in den Gängen auftretenden Mineralisationen lassen sich sowohl dem variszischen als auch dem postvariszisch-saxonischen Mineralisationszyklus zuordnen. Die Beschreibung der Lagerstätten und Vorkommen umfaßt die Kiesgrube Geyer (Sulfiderzlager), den Schurf 14/67 (Skarntyp), das Lagerstättengebiet Geyer SW (Skarntyp), die Zinnlagerstätte Geyer (Greisentyp), den Schurf 1/61 (Skarntyp und Gangtyp), das Revier Spitzberg mit dem Spitzberger Erbstolln sowie den Schürfen 2/68 und 2/69 (Skarntyp und Gangtyp), das Revier Geyer NO (Gangtyp) und Zinnseifen. Angaben zum Altbergbau und zu den Aufschlußverhältnissen stehen am Beginn jeder Lagerstättenbeschreibung. Es folgt eine lithostratigraphische Zuordnung der aufgeschlossenen metamorphen Schichtenfolge, eine kurze petrographische Charakterisierung der auftretenden magmatischen Gesteine und eine Beschreibung der tektonischen Elemente. Die eigentliche Lagerstättencharakteristik umfaßt Ausbildung, räumliche Position und Form der Erzkörper sowie Paragenese und Verteilungsgesetzmäßigkeiten. Die in den Aufschlüssen der ehem. SDAG Wismut angetroffene Uranvererzung, ihre tektonische und lithologische Kontrolle, wird mit beschrieben. Unter den bergbautechnischen Angaben nehmen die Ergebnisse von Aufbereitungsversuchen den größten Raum ein. Hydro- und ingenieurgeologische Fakten sowie Abbaumethoden finden nur stichwortartig Erwähnung. Unter bergwirtschaftlichen Angaben werden Bemusterungsmethoden, Bemusterungsergebnisse und, soweit möglich, Vorratszahlen mitgeteilt. Altlasten sind geogen und anthropogen bedingt. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind anthropogen bedingte Arsen-Anomalien im Boden (Hüttenwerke, Pochwerke). Verwahrung, Sanierung und Rekultivierung ehemals bergbaulich genutzter Flächen lassen sich im Lagerstättengebiet Geyer relativ problemlos lösen.

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9

Grund, Klaus. "Bergbau zwischen Tradition und Zukunft, Vorbereitung zum Neuaufschluss einer Wolfram-Zinn-Lagerstätte im Erzgebirge." Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-228383.

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Die SME AG ist das erste Bergbauunternehmen, das seit Jahrzehnten ein neues Erzbergwerk erschließen und in Betrieb nehmen will. Traditionsreiche Bergbauunternehmen haben in der Vergangenheit neue Standorte, auf der Grundlage vorhandener Personalstrukturen, vorhandener Technik und Technologien, erschlossen. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag wird die strategische Herangehensweise der SME AG beschrieben, um zeitnah mit der Gewinnung in der Wolfram-Zinn-Lagerstätte zu beginnen.

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Trippe, Sascha. "Ten thousand stars and one black hole : a study of the galactic center in the near infrared /." Lichtenberg (Odw.) : Harland Media, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3104931&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Books on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

1

Michniewicz, Marek. Mineralizacja cynowa w środkowej części pasma łupkowego Starej Kamienicy (Sudety zachodnie): Tin mineralization in the middle part of the Stara Kamienica schist belt (western Sudetes). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, 2006.

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Bray, E. A. Du. Results of grid sampling and large-scale geologic mapping for the Silsilah tin deposit. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.

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Gramberg, I. S. Rossypnye mestorozhdenii︠a︡ Li︠a︡khovskogo olovonosnogo raĭona. Sankt-Peterburg: VNIIOkeangeologii︠a︡, 2001.

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Bliss, James D. Preliminary grade and volume model of alluvial Sn-Au placers. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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International Symposium on the Geology of Tin Deposits (1984 Nanning, China). Geology of tin deposits in Asia and the Pacific: Selected papers from the International Symposium on the Geology of Tin Deposits, held in Nanning, China, October 26-30, 1984, jointly sponsored by ESCAP/RMRDC and the Ministry of Geology, People's Republic of China. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Kwak, T. A. P. W-Snskarn deposits and related metamorphic skarns and granitoids. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Australian, Geological Convention (10th 1990 Hobart Tasmania). Excursion Guide E2: Tin and tungsten deposits and related devonian granitoids. [Hobart]: The Convention, 1990.

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Kwak, T. A. P. W-Sn skarn deposits and related metamorphic skarns and granitoids. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Kuang chuang ji qi xing cheng huan jing wen ti tan suo: Zhu he Qi Sijng jiao shou cong shi di zhi gong zuo 60 zhou nian. Beijing: Di zhi chu ban she, 2010.

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Salemink, Jan. Skarn and ore formation at Seriphos, Greece, as a consequence of granodiorite intrusion =: Skarn en erts vorming te Serifos, Griekenland, ten gevolge van een granodioriet intrusie. [Utrecht: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht], 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

1

Villalpando, B. A. "The Tin Ore Deposits of Bolivia." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 201–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_11.

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Lehmann, B. "The Stratabound Kellhuani Tin Deposits, Bolivia." In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 147–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_9.

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Wenkin, Xu, Wu Qinsheng, and Xu Junzhen. "Isotope Geochemistry of the Dachang Tin-Polymetallic Ore-Field." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 411–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_31.

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Guangzhi, Tu. "Genesis of the Dachang Ore Deposit and the Formation Conditions of Cassiterite-Sulphide Deposits in General." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 398–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_29.

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Jun, Ye, Zhou Huaiyang, and Chen Zhugi. "On the Ore-Forming Mechanism of Some Cassiterite-Sulphide Deposits in South China." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 278–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_19.

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Jiuling, Li, Gunther H. Moh, and Naiding Wang. "Franckeite: Mineralogical Aspects and Genetic Relations to the Dachang and Bolivian Ore Deposits." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 406–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_30.

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Yuchuan, Chen, Huang Minzhi, Xu Yu, Ai Yongde, Li Xiangming, Tang Shaohua, and Meng Lingku. "Geological and Metallogenic Features and Model of the Dachang Cassiterite-Sulphide Polymetallic Ore Belt, Guangxi, China." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 358–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_26.

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Jiatu, Yang, Chen Changyi, Zeng Jiliang, and Zhang Yonglin. "Experimental Research on the Formation Conditions of the Cassiterite-Sulphide Deposits in the Dachang Tin Ore Field." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 373–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_27.

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Shu, Zou, Lin Yongcai, and Gao Zepei. "An Approach to Ore-Forming Characteristics and Metallogenic Model of the Granites Emplaced Through Tectonic Remelting in the Yunlong Tin Belt, Western Yunnan." In Geology of Tin Deposits in Asia and the Pacific, 253–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72765-8_17.

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Chiaradia, M., D. Konopelko, R. Seltmann, and R. Cliff. "Lead sources in ore deposits and magmatic rocks of the Tien Shan and Chinese Altay." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 1301–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_331.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

1

Epova, E. S., and O. V. Eremin. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEACHING OF QUARTS-TOPAZ-WOLFRAMITE ORE-BEARING ROCKS AND TIN-POLYMETALLIC SULPHIDE ORE OF DEPOSITS SHERLOVOGORSKOE." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-391-393.

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Yang, Yongqiang, Yang Wang, and Yufen Zhang. "Ore-Forming Fluids Evolution on the Weilasituo Tin Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3009.

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Jackson, Tom. "Vapor and Solution Deposited Organic Thin Film Transistors." In Organic Photonics and Electronics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ope.2006.opwc1.

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Jia, Fuju, Wu Wei, Hongliang Nian, and Zize Xiao. "Application of Geostatistics in the Study of Ore-controlling Factors : Taking Example of Manjiazhai Ore Segment in Dulong Tin Polymetallic Ore Deposit." In 2015 International Conference on Materials, Environmental and Biological Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mebe-15.2015.30.

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Chailly, Mikae¨l, Vincent Gilbert, Jean-Yves Charmeau, and Yves Bereaux. "Study of the Influence of Surface Mold Deposits on the Demolding Stage of the Injection Molding Process of Thermoplastics." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15628.

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Due to increasing expectings from the market, the aspect of molded parts has to be improved. Some of the defects observed such as scratches on these parts is related to the demolding stage. To limit this, we investigated the influence on demolding forces using various surface deposits on the mold surface, mainly PVD and PACVD deposits : Chromium nitrium (CrN), Titane nitrium (TiN), Diamond like Carbon (DLC), glassy deposit (SiOx), Chromium and polished steel on an cube-shaped insert in an instrumented mold (with force sensors). Injection campaign was led on three polymers which differ in terms of nature : an amorphous polymer (polycarbonate), a semi-crystalline one (polybutylene terephatalate) and one mix of copolymers (styrene acrylonitrile/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). We studied the evolution of these forces through the demolding stage. This allowed us to evaluate the work energy necessary to eject the part from the insert, and to correlate those data to shrinkage of the polymer part, adhesion between polymer and mold surface and friction coefficient between those surfaces during the demolding stage. We also measured the influence the surface temperature of the part just before the demolding stage thanks to an infrared camera to investigate the thermal influence of these deposits in the injection process. Our results show an influence of deposits on demolding forces which is strongly dependent on nature of the polymer (of course) but also on its chemical nature. They also have a slight influence on temperature of the part even if they are only a few microns thick. We therefore developped a method to evaluate surface deposits and their impact on demolding forces, in terms of adhesion polymer/treament and friction.

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Nelson, Brent A., Tanya L. Wright, William P. King, Paul E. Sheehan, and Lloyd J. Whitman. "Transport in Thermal Dip Pen Nanolithography." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46074.

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The manufacture of nanoscale devices is at present constrained by the resolution limits of optical lithography and the high cost of electron beam lithography. Furthermore, traditional silicon fabrication techniques are quite limited in materials compatibility and are not well-suited for the manufacture of organic and biological devices. One nanomanufacturing technique that could overcome these drawbacks is dip pen nanolithography (DPN), in which a chemical-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip deposits molecular ‘inks’ onto a substrate [1]. DPN has shown resolution as good as 5 nm [2] and has been performed with a large number of molecules, but has limitations. For molecules to ink the surface they must be mobile at room temperature, limiting the inks that can be used, and since the inks must be mobile in ambient conditions, there is no way to stop the deposition while the tip is in contact with the substrate. In-situ imaging of deposited molecules therefore causes contamination of the deposited features.

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Albert, Jason E., and David G. Bogard. "Experimental Simulation of Contaminant Deposition on a Film Cooled Turbine Vane Pressure Side With a Trench." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46709.

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An important issue in the use of coal- or biomass-derived synthetic gaseous (syngas) fuels is the deposition of contaminants on film cooled turbine surfaces, which alter cooling and aerodynamic performance and increase material degradation. The current study applied a new experimental technique that simulated the key physical aspects of contaminant deposition on a film cooled turbine vane. The depositing contaminants were modeled in a wind tunnel facility with a spray of molten wax droplets of a size range that matched the Stokes number of the contaminant particles in engine conditions. Most experiments were performed using a vane model with a thermal conductivity selected such that the model had the same Biot number of an actual engine airfoil, resulting in a cooler surface temperature. Some experiments were performed using an approximately adiabatic model for comparison. The film cooling design consisted of three rows of showerhead cooling at the leading edge and one row of body film cooling holes on the pressure side. Two designs of pressure side body film cooling holes were considered: a standard design of straight, cylindrical holes and an advanced design of “trenched” cooling holes in which the hole exits were situated in a recessed, transverse trench. The results showed thin deposits formed in the trench, with the thickest deposits on its downstream wall between coolant jets. Adiabatic film effectiveness levels were essentially unchanged by the presence of deposits for either film configuration. Deposit formation was strongly influenced by the model surface temperature with cooler surfaces inhibiting deposition. There was evidence of a threshold surface temperature above which deposits became significantly thicker.

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8

Fang, M., S. Chandra, and C. B. Park. "Experiments on Remelting and Solidification of Molten Metal Droplets Deposited in Vertical Columns." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72421.

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Experiments were done to determine conditions under which vertical columns could be built by metal droplets landing sequentially on top of each other. Molten tin droplets (0.6 mm diameter) were deposited using a pneumatic droplet generator on an aluminum substrate. The primary parameters varied in experiments were those found to most affect bonding between droplets: droplet temperature (250°C to 345°C), substrate temperature (60°C to 200°C) and deposition rate (1 Hz to 15 Hz). At lower deposition rates the substrate cooled down too much to induce remelting whereas at higher rates the tip of the column remained liquid and surface tension forces pulled it into a spherical mass. Assuming one-dimensional conductive heat transfer in a column a simple analytical model was developed to calculate the temperature at the tips of the column. It predicts that deposition frequency should be decreased as column height increases to hold the tip temperature constant. Droplet coalescence was best achieved when the tip temperature of a column was maintained at the melting point of the metal. Columns fabricated following the deposition frequency predicted by the model show good bonding between droplets and uniform diameter.

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Abouabassi, Khadija, Mouad Ouafi, Abderrahim Ait Hssi, Lahoucine Atourki, Hassan Kirou, Nabil Labchir, Lahcen Boulkaddat, et al. "CuSbSe2 Thin Films Deposited from Aqueous Solution by Electrodeposition in One Step." In 2019 7th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec48032.2019.9078271.

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10

Guo, Qing, G. Z. Cao, and I. Y. Shen. "Cost-Effective Measurements of Piezoelectric Coefficient d33 of Thin-Film PZT Using a Mini Force Hammer." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47512.

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Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZrxTi1−xO3 or PZT) is a piezoelectric material widely used as sensors and actuators. For microactuators, PZT often appears in the form of thin films to maintain proper aspect ratios. One major challenge encountered is accurate measurement of piezoelectric coefficients of PZT thin films. In this paper, we present a simple, low-cost, and effective method to measure piezoelectric coefficient d33 of PZT thin films through use of basic principles in mechanics of vibration. We use a small impact hammer with a tiny tip to generate an impulsive force acting perpendicularly to the surface of a PZT film. In the meantime, we measure the impulsive force via a load cell and the responding charge of the PZT thin film via a charge amplifier. Then the piezoelectric coefficient d33 is obtained from the measured force and charge based on piezoelectricity and a finite element modeling. We also conduct a thorough parametric study to understand the sensitivity of this method on various parameters, such as substrate material, boundary conditions, specimen size, specimen thickness, thickness ratio, and PZT thin-film material. To demonstrate the feasibility, we calibrate the new method via a PZT thick film disk resonator with a known d33. Experimental results show that d33 measured via this method is as accurate as those from the manufacturer’s specifications within its tolerance. We then apply the new method to PZT thin films deposited on silicon substrate, and successfully measure the corresponding piezoelectric coefficient d33.

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Reports on the topic "Tin ore deposits"

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Ames, D. E., and M. G. Houlé. A synthesis of the TGI-4 Canadian nickel-copper-platinum group elements-chromium ore systems project -- revised and new genetic models and exploration tools for Ni-Cu-PGE, Cr-(PGE), Fe-Ti-V-(P), and PGE-Cu deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296675.

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