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Journal articles on the topic 'Tin trade'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Patijaya, Bambang, Willy Arafah, and Tri Kunawangsih. "Collaborative Governance in Developing a Sustainable Tin Trading Model." Journal of Posthumanism 5, no. 5 (2025): 2434–46. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i5.1632.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the current condition of the tin trade system, analyze the sustainable tin trade model in Indonesia, and provide recommendations related to sustainable tin trade. This study uses samples in the Bangka Belitung Islands region. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The sample used was 34 people from collaborative governance and pentahelix. The findings of this study include the need for harmonization, synchronization, and innovation of various policies, so as to be able to create a new sustainable tin trade system that is driven by col

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2

Chen, Wei, Lulu Hu, Yaqi Wang, Ziyan Gao, and Yong Geng. "Tracing the Tin Flows and Stocks in China: A Dynamic Material Flow Analysis from 2001 to 2022." Systems 13, no. 8 (2025): 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080622.

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Tin is an indispensable metal for contemporary society owing to its extensive application. China is a major tin manufacturer and consumer worldwide. Nonetheless, the crucial characteristics of its tin metabolism remain limited. Therefore, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) from 2001 to 2022 was performed in this study to trace China’s tin flows and stocks. Findings show that China became a net tin exporter from a life cycle perspective, and annual tin consumption embodied in various final products varied between 49.3 kilo tons (Kt) in 2001 and 161.5 Kt in 2022, with home appliances and ele

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Brunelle, Gayle K. "Competition and Casualty in Rouennais Trade with the New World." Terrae Incognitae 21, no. 1 (1989): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tin.1989.21.1.41.

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Ningsih, Safitri Indri. "IMPLIKASI SURAT KEPUTUSAN MENPERINDAG NOMOR 144/MPP/KEP/4/1999 TERHADAP PERTAMBANGAN TIMAH ILEGAL DI KEPULAUANA BANGKA." At-Tanwir Law Review 3, no. 1 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/atlarev.v3i1.2062.

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Illegal tin mining has become increasingly widespread since the issuance of the Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade number 144/MPP/Kep/4/1999 dated 22 April 1999 that tin is categorized as free goods (unsupervised) and the revocation of tin's status as a strategic commodity, so that it is no longer monopolized by one BUMN and can be freely exported by anyone. With the Minister of Industry and Trade Decree, of course, this has led to rampant illegal tin mining activities, so it is felt that the Government needs to create several laws and regulations as an effort to anticipate violation

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Bellani, Sebastiano, Leyla Najafi, Gabriele Tullii, et al. "ITO nanoparticles break optical transparency/high-areal capacitance trade-off for advanced aqueous supercapacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 48 (2017): 25177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09220b.

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Obadia, Paul Musa, Joseph Pyana Kitenge, Trésor Carsi Kuhangana, et al. "SS08-02 BIOMONITORING OF TRACE METALS IN BLOOD AND URINE AMONG ARTISANAL MINERS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0087.

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Abstract Introduction In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, artisanal and small-scale mining employ an estimated 200,000 people, and over a million are indirectly involved through trade and transport. We assessed metal exposure in artisanal miners involved in mining three types of commodities (copper-cobalt, tin, diamonds). Materials and Methods In cross-sectional studies (March 2021 - August 2022), we measured trace metals by Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in blood (µg/L) and urine (µg/g creatinine) in convenience samples of miners (mostly males) extracting copper-coba

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Boxer, C. R. "A Note on the Triangular Trade between Macao, Manila, and Nagasaki, 1580–1640." Terrae Incognitae 17, no. 1 (1985): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tin.1985.17.1.51.

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8

Yang, Jack. "Composition-dependent chemical and structural stabilities of mixed tin–lead inorganic halide perovskites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 35 (2020): 19787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03170d.

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Wicaksena, Bagus. "Analisis Nilai dan Volume Transaksi Timah Pada Bursa Timah Indonesia Sebelum dan Setelah Kebijakan Multi Bursa." Cendekia Niaga 5, no. 2 (2021): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v5i2.605.

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The implementation of mandatory regulations of tin export through commodity multi-exchange has been considered effective in suppressing illegal tin trading practices, building transparency in transaction and export record, and creating added value for tin export. However, the essence of a multi-exchange policy should also promote the increasing in value and volume of tin transactions. This analysis aims to see the difference in the value and volume of tin transactions before and after the multi-exchange policy. By using the Paired Sample t-test, there are shown significant differences in value

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10

Woudhuizen, Fred C. "Towards a reconstruction of Tin-trade routes in mediterranean protohistory." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 92, no. 2 (2018): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2017-0023.

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Zusammenfassung: In dieser Arbeit wird ein für die Bronzezeit des Mittelmeerraums grundlegendes Thema angesprochen: Woher stammt das Zinn zur Herstellung von Bronzeobjekten? Tatsächlich lassen sich nur zwei Möglichkeiten erkennen: der Mittlere Osten (Afghanistan und die Region Oxus an seiner nordöstlichen Grenze) oder der Westen (Erzgebirge, Bretagne, Cornwall oder Gallizien).

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Ariyasajsiskul, Supaporn. "The So-called Tin Monopoly in Ligor: The Limits of VOC Power vis à vis a Southern Thai Trading Polity." Itinerario 28, no. 3 (2004): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300019859.

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That which the Dutch called Ligor is the present-day southern province of Nakhon Si Thammarat in Thailand. It was one of the oldest city-states and flourishing entrepôts in Southeast Asia. Dutch East India Company (VOC) documents reveal that the Company traded tin in Ligor and had a small office there for more than a century from around 1640 until 1756. In fact, the relationship between the VOC and Ligor had already been established a few decades earlier when Ligor was still enjoying much autonomy with respect to self-governance, trade, and foreign contacts.

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Hasudungan, Anju Nofarof, and Linda Sunarti. "Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate: Role in Shipping and Trade in the Malacca Strait in the 18th Century." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 8, no. 4 (2024): 446–62. https://doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v8i4.4249.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate in shipping and trade in the Melaka (Malacca) Strait in the XVIII century. By using the historical method of literature study approach, there is evidence of the triumph of the Siak Sri Indrapura sultanate in the Malacca Strait. The Siak Sultanate in 1767 under the rule of King Ismail showed its dominance in the territorial waters of East Sumatra by controlling the Tin trade on Bangka Island. The expansion of Siak influence during the reign of King Ismail continued to grow significantly starting from Terenggan

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Peres-Cajías, José Alejandro, and Anna Carreras-Marín. "OFFICIAL BOLIVIAN TRADE STATISTICS (1910-1949): LANDLOCKNESS AND THE LIMITS OF A STANDARD ACCURACY APPROACH." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 36, no. 1 (2018): 53–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610917000246.

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AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the accuracy of official Bolivian foreign trade statistics. Results show large discrepancies between Bolivian records and those of its main trade partners during the First World War. Whereas the gap decreased thereafter, it stayed particularly high in the case of exports. This seems to be explained by mistakes in the geographical assignment by the trade partners rather than by an overvaluation of official Bolivian figures. This suggests that landlockness may have had a significant negative effect on the accuracy of trade statistics from the, a priori, more r

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Fattori, Anita. "Os asnos no período paleoassírio: animais indispensáveis à vida do mercador e ao funcionamento do comércio (Mesopotâmia, Idade do Bronze Médio)." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, no. 42 (November 26, 2024): 31–50. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2024.214400.

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At the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE, in the Old Assyrian period, the city of Aššur (situated in northern Mesopotamia) emerged as a prominent center in an extensive long-distance trade network. Hundreds of members of Assyrian merchant families ventured into the remote Anatolian lands, specially Kaneš, to trade tin and textiles, and sometimes copper and wool, in exchange for gold and silver. The success of this endeavor largely owns to the use of donkeys as pack-animals. Donkeys were organized in caravans, leaving Mesopotamia a couple of times a year to reach central Anatolia, where they

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McSweeney, Anna. "The Tin Trade and Medieval Ceramics: Tracing the Sources of Tin and its Influence on Mediterranean Ceramics Production." Al-Masāq 23, no. 3 (2011): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2011.617061.

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Powell, W., K. A. Yener, G. Barjamovic, F. Kulakoğlu, E. Yazgan, and R. Mathur. "Tin isotopes reveal changing patterns of tin trade, connectivity and consumption from Anatolia and Central Asia at Kültepe." Journal of Archaeological Science 162 (February 2024): 105917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2023.105917.

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17

Nurtjahya, Eddy, Fournita Agustina, and Wike Ayu Eka Putri. "NERACA EKOLOGI PENAMBANGAN TIMAH DI PULAU BANGKA Studi Kasus Pengalihan Fungsi Lahan di Ekosistem Darat." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 14, no. 1 (2008): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.14.1.20085.

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Unequal understanding among tin mining stake holders on trade regulation often triggered social conflict and therefore it was suggested to build political will especially among national, provincial, and regencial/municipal government levels. One important effort to bring out political will is presenting an independent and scientific study on comparision between socio-economic and environmental impact of tin mining. Purposive sampling was conducted to inconventional miners at reserved forest at Lubuk Kelik hamlet, pepper farmers at Silip village, and rubber farmers at Bencah village. Tin mining

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Bailey, Warren, and Lan Truong. "Opium and Empire: Some Evidence from Colonial-Era Asian Stock and Commodity Markets." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, no. 2 (2001): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246340100008x.

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On the basis of a new database of stock and commodity prices, along with measures of government revenues, commodity exports and immigration, the article assesses the impact of the opium trade on the economies of colonial Malaya, the Netherlands Indies and China from 1873 to 1911. Stock returns for a few Malayan industries related to international trade are significantly correlated with opium price changes, as are prices for labour-intensive, Chinese-dominated export commodities such as tin and gambier. However, opium price changes explain, at most, only a small fraction of the behaviour of sto

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De Vaal, J. B. "Handel langs die vroegste roetes." New Contree 17 (July 9, 2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v17i0.758.

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In a previous article the earliest trade routes of the Northern and Eastern Transvaal interior were reconstructed. To shed more light on the trading itself, attention is directed in this follow-up article to the articles of trade, the traders, and the trading practices which were evident along the routes. Numerous archaeological discoveries point to the fact that articles of copper, tin, iron, and gold in particular were in great demand. These trading articles illustrate the material culture of the different Black tribes on the trade routes, as well as the transference of culture from the inte

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Nessel, Bianka, Gerhard Brügmann, and Ernst Pernicka. "Tin isotope ratios in Early and Middle Bronze Age bronzes from central and southeastern Europe." Journal of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62526/5luzbf.

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The paper presents the results of two case studies. A first sample set includes tin isotopic compositions of 15 bronzes from three large hoards of the Early Bronze Age Únětice Culture in Central Germany. A major research question was, whether local tin from the Saxon-Bohemian Ore Mountains or from different sources was used to produce the artefacts. The tin isotope composition in the bronzes of these comparably early hoards of the classical phase of the Únětice Culture shows a small variation. The second sample set comprises 16 isotopically investigated objects from Romania and Hungary, belong

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Powell, Wayne, Ognjen Mladenovic, Steffanie Cruse, Arthur Bankoff, and Ryan Mathur. "Revisiting “Tin in South-eastern Europe?”." Starinar, no. 70 (2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta2070085p.

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The important role of the Balkans in the origin and development of metallurgy is well established with respect to copper. In addition, Aleksandar Durman, in his 1997 paper ?Tin in South-eastern Europe??, essentially initiated studies into the role of the Balkans in Europe?s Bronze Age tin economy. He identified six geologically favourable sites for tin mineralisation and associated fluvial placer deposits in the former Yugoslavian republics, and suggested that these may have added to the tin supply of the region. The viability of two of these sites has been confirmed (Mt Cer and Bukulja, Serbi

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Bassett, D. K. "British ‘Country’ Trade and Local Trade Networks in the Thai and Malay States, c. 1680–1770." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 4 (1989): 625–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010143.

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The purpose of this paper is to supplement existing knowledge of British and Asian ‘country’ trade to selected parts of Southeast Asia by drawing upon British private papers and the records of Fort St George, Madras. The 1680s marked the peak of international trade in Siamunder king Narai before the wars and revolution there of 1687–88. The decade also saw the elimination of the last great independent entrepot, Banten, on the Java Sea in 1682, as well as the final, ultimately-futile, Dutch efforts to control the Malayan tin-trade north of Perak. The Dutch also began in 1685 and 1689 their inte

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Valamoti, Soultana-Maria, and Glynis Jones. "Bronze and Oil: A Possible Link between the Introduction of Tin and Lallemantia to Northern Greece." Annual of the British School at Athens 105 (November 2010): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006824540000037x.

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Lallemantia, an exotic oil plant, recently identified at Bronze Age sites in the Macedonia region of northern Greece, has a natural distribution lying outside Europe, in regions ranging from Iran to Anatolia, Jordan, Palestine, and Israel. The possible routes through which Lallemantia arrived in northern Greece are considered in relation to evidence for Bronze Age trade in metals, in particular tin. The overlap of Bronze Age tin sources proposed in the archaeological literature with the natural distribution of Lallemantia, in regions such as Iran and Afghanistan, suggest that the importation o

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Nicolas, Arsenio. "Gongs, Bells, and Cymbals: The Archaeological Record in Maritime Asia from the Ninth to the Seventeenth Centuries." Yearbook for Traditional Music 41 (2009): 62–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0740155800004148.

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The growth and expansion of maritime trade in the first millennium CE altered the musical landscape of Asia, from earlier Austronesian and Austroasiatic migrations, to the early contacts with India, China, Arabia, and the continuing navigation towards the Pacific and Oceania. Much later in the tenth century, Chinese chronicles describe that peoples from the south called Luzoes (Luzon, Philippines) had invaded its southern shores, while Indian histories record the voyages of sailors from western Indonesia. By the eighth century, Austronesian languages from Borneo had spread towards Madagascar.

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Artemyev, D. A., A. D. Degtyareva, S. V. Kuzminykh, and L. B. Orlovskaya. "Non-ferrous metal of the Bronze Age of Northern Kazakhstan: geochemical characteristics and ore base." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(64) (March 15, 2024): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2024-64-1-2.

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The chemical composition of 29 copper and bronze artifacts from the sites of the Petrovka and Alakul Cultures located be-tween the Tobol and Ishim Rivers (the burial grounds of Bekteniz and Dzhangildy 5, and the sites of Novonikolskoye 1 and Semioz-ernoye 2; Northern Kazakhstan) were analysed using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and laser ablation. The sites are 14C dated to the interval between the 19th–17th centuries BC. In the examined sample, the leading metallurgical group with a slight prevalence in both Petrovka and Alakul metals was “pure” copper; the second part of

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Wakenge, Claude Iguma, Dennis Dijkzeul, and Koen Vlassenroot. "Regulating the old game of smuggling? Coltan mining, trade and reforms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 3 (2018): 497–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000332.

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AbstractThis article examines the smuggling of coltan into and out of artisanal mining areas in northern Katanga where the ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative (iTSCi), a policy on conflict minerals, tries to improve transparency in trading tin, tantalum (coltan) and tungsten. The article approaches smuggling from a sociology of economic life perspective, closely examining how and why artisanal miners and mine-based middlemen (négociants) helped smugglers (hiboux) in the trafficking of coltan. The findings indicate that the social networks in which miners and mine-basednégociantsare embedded allow

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Pudov, Gleb A. "“Frost” on Tin — a Technique of Russian Chest Production." Observatory of Culture 19, no. 3 (2022): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-3-274-283.

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“Frost” on tin is a decorating technique widely used in the Russian chest production of the 19th—20th centuries. The technology is based on the crystallization of molten tin plate (a mixture of tin and lead) with the addition of water droplets and a chemical reaction on the crystallized tin plate of a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The technique of “frost” on tin as one of the means of decorating chests and caskets has not been previously devoted to a special study. The purpose of this paper is to identify the origins and significance of this technique in the history of chest production

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Mahat, Fauziah, Aminah Shari, and Ahmed Mohamed Dahir. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between Equity and Composite Index in Bursa Malaysia." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, no. 1 (2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2020.4.1.95.

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This paper examines the relationship between sectoral equity and composite index in Bursa Malaysia. The relationship between equity returns and composite index is investigated using correlation-based on Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and signal decomposition techniques based on wavelet analysis. The paper uses daily data from 1999 to 2019. The OLS result indicated that majority of sectoral equity have a higher correlation with the composite index except in tin and mining sector. The wavelet analysis indicates a majority of sectors are strongly co-move. For all indices, there are lead/lag relation

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Uddin, Ghulam Moeen, Muhammad Sajid Kamran, Jawad Ahmad, et al. "Comparative Experimental Study of Tribo-Mechanical Performance of Low-Temperature PVD Based TiN Coated PRCL Systems for Diesel Engine." Advances in Tribology 2018 (December 12, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9437815.

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Piston ring and cylinder liner (PRCL) interface is a major contributor to the overall frictional and wear losses in an IC engine. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) based ceramic coatings on liners and rings are being investigated to address these issues. High temperature requirements for applications of conventional coating systems compromise the mechanical properties of the substrate materials. In the current study, experimental investigation of tribo-mechanical properties is conducted for various titanium nitride (TiN) coated PRCL interfaces in comparison with a commercial PRCL system. Low-tem

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Liehr, Maximilian, Jubin Hazra, Karsten Beckmann, et al. "Implementation of high-performance and high-yield nanoscale hafnium zirconium oxide based ferroelectric tunnel junction devices on 300 mm wafer platform." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 1 (2023): 012805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002097.

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In this work, hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)-based 100 × 100 nm2 ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices were implemented on a 300 mm wafer platform, using a baseline 65 nm CMOS process technology. FTJs consisting of TiN/HZO/TiN were integrated in between metal 1 (M1) and via 1 (V1) layers. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the targeted thickness and composition of the FTJ film stack, while grazing incidence, in-plane x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the presence of orthorhombic phase Pca21 responsible for fer

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Samir, Salman, Rizky Utami, and Muhammad Maula Razak. "What Are the Economic Impacts of Indonesia’s Export Ban? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 25, no. 1 (2024): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i1.23626.

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This study aims to assess the economic impact of the mineral export ban on Indonesia and other countries. The comparative-static version of the computable general equilibrium model (Global Tarde Analysis Project (GTAP)) is used to analyse the economic impact of the export ban, with a particular focus on GDP, welfare, terms of trade and external trade. The most recent GTAP version 9 database was used for the modelling simulations of the Indonesian export ban. The GTAP version 9 database has three reference years: 2004, 2007 and 2011. It already aggregates 140 regions and 57 sectors. The modelli

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Eprilia, Farina Firda, Dewi Kania Sugiharti, and Yusuf Saepul Zamil. "State Losses Due to Corruption of Tin Commodity Trade Area of PT Timah TBK Mining Business License Area." Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran 6, no. 1 (2024): 108–23. https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v6i1.1744.

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Mining as one of the largest natural resources in Indonesia has a positive impact on the country, especially as a source of income. Thus, losses incurred due to mining have a huge impact on the state treasury. This research focuses on one of the causes of losses in the mining business sector, namely corruption in the tin commodity trade system by PT Timah Tbk. The research results show that the mode of corruption by PT Timah Tbk which is suspected of causing environmental losses of 271 trillion was carried out by forming puppet companies to accommodate the collection of illegal tin ore from th

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Earle, Timothy, Johan Ling, Claes Uhnér, Zofia Stos-Gale, and Lene Melheim. "The Political Economy and Metal Trade in Bronze Age Europe: Understanding Regional Variability in Terms of Comparative Advantages and Articulations." European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 4 (2015): 633–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957115y.0000000008.

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In the second millennium cal BC, a new metal conquered Europe: the alloy of copper and tin that improved the quality of tools and weapons. This development, we argue, initiated a framework for a new political economy. We explore how a political economy approach may help understand the European Bronze Age by focussing on regional comparative advantages in long-distance trade and resulting bottlenecks in commodity flows. Links existed in commodity chains, where obligated labour and ownership of resources helped mobilize surpluses, thus creating potential for social segments to control the produc

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Mathur, Ryan, Wayne Powell, Ewelina Miśta-Jakubowska, et al. "Isotopic metal compositions of Viking and medieval tin artifacts from Poland reveal expansive trade network." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 53 (February 2024): 104296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104296.

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Erol, Hakan. "Old Assyrian Metal Trade, its Volume and Interactions." Belleten 83, no. 298 (2019): 779–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.779.

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The subject of this study consists of some consequences of a research project which was supported by The Scientifi c and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). In the scope of this project, all metals that attested in Kultepe texts have been evaluated. The main target of this research is to fi nd answers to some questions related to the metals and metal trade, which are recorded in a wide range of Kultepe texts. The attestations of gold, silver, tin, iron, copper, lead, antimony and bronze alloy have been searched in a database which includes more than 12 thousand Kultepe texts mo

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Nørgaard, Heide W., Ernst Pernicka, and Helle Vandkilde. "Shifting networks and mixing metals: Changing metal trade routes to Scandinavia correlate with Neolithic and Bronze Age transformations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252376.

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Based on 550 metal analyses, this study sheds decisive light on how the Nordic Bronze Age was founded on metal imports from shifting ore sources associated with altered trade routes. On-and-off presence of copper characterised the Neolithic. At 2100–2000 BC, a continuous rise in the flow of metals to southern Scandinavia begins. First to arrive via the central German Únětician hubs was high-impurity metal from the Austrian Inn Valley and Slovakia; this was complemented by high-tin British metal, enabling early local production of tin bronzes. Increased metal use locally fuelled the leadership

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Stech, Tamara, and Roger David Penhallurick. "Tin in Antiquity: Its Mining and Trade throughout the Ancient World with Particular Reference to Cornwall." Technology and Culture 29, no. 3 (1988): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105293.

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Al-Ghamdi, Khalid A., G. Hussain, and R. Hashemi. "Fabrication of metal-matrix AL7075T651/TiN nano composite employing friction stir process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 8 (2015): 1319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415596695.

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Friction stir processing is a novel material fabrication technique. This study was undertaken in order to investigate a suitable set of friction stir processing parameters to form AL7075T651/TiN nano composite. A number of samples were produced by varying the process parameters, namely, tool-pin geometry, number of passes and the direction of tool rotation. The pin geometries employed include triangular, square and threaded taper; the passes were varied over two levels (i.e. 2 and 4) and the tool rotation was changed as clockwise and counter clockwise between the successive passes. The effect

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Derluguian, Georgi. "The Bronze Age as the First World-System: Theses for aResearch Agenda." Analytical Bulletin 15 (December 27, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56673/18294502-22.15-22.

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Bronze Age is traditionally viewed as historical period in the third and second millennia BCE. My key contention is that it is more meaningfully considered in geographic terms, as interconnected space of trade and cultural exchanges encompassing Afro-Eurasia but not Tropical Africa, let alone Australia and the Americas. The Bronze-age world-system extended from Scandinavia and British Isles to Egypt and Mesopotamia, from the Indus valley civilization and ancient Arabia to the Urals and western Siberia, possibly, also China and South-East Asia. Geologically, copper and tin as two metal componen

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Ray, Himanshu Prabha. "Early Maritime Contacts Between South and Southeast Asia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (1989): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400019834.

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An analysis of the archaeological data available in recent years indicates the development of local maritime networks both in peninsular Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent by the middle of the first millennium B.C. By the second-first centuries B.C. these networks formed a part of the larger regional sailing circuit in the Bay of Bengal. Tangible indicators of this are carnelian and glass beads and bronze bowls with a high tin content. A demarcation of these networks is essential, before questions like the organization of trade or the channels through which religious ideology spread, c

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Billeck, William T. "A Diagnostic Early Seventeenth-Century Glass-Bead Assemblage from New Lenox, Illinois: Building a Midwestern Glass-Bead Chronological Sequence." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 46, no. 3 (2021): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.3.03.

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Abstract An assemblage of 33 glass beads dates the protohistoric component at the New Lenox site in Illinois to within Glass Bead Period 2 (1600–1625/1630). All the white glass beads had been opacified with tin and lead, as determined by pXRF, resulting in a chemical composition indicative of a pre-1625 date. The New Lenox beads likely derived from indirect trade primarily with the French in northeast North America. Since it falls within a tightly dated time frame of circa 1609–1625, the New Lenox assemblage provides an important building block for a regional bead sequence for the Midwest.

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M., Prokonova. "Metal Products from the Sargatka Culture Sites in the Tobol River Region." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 4 (2021): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-13.

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The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of an analytical study of metal products from the Sargatka culture sites of the Tobol river region by X-ray fluorescence analysis to clarify the directions of contacts of the local population. As a result of the analysis, we have received evidence of the wide distribution of products made of pure copper (Сu), tin bronze (Cu+Sn) and brass (Cu+Zn) among the population of the Sargatka culture, and we also noted the use of rare alloys not previously identified on the materials of the Sargatka culture: leaded brass (Cu+Zn+Pb) and leadtin bro

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Badri, Khairul Nizam Bin Zainal. "The authority of the Queen of Aceh and the Sultan of Perak in tin trade negotiations with the Dutch 1640-1670." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 2 (2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32842.

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Aceh reached its zenith, during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam. However he died at a young age, leaving an heir and legacy of enormous ruling power. Its main enemy, both in the military and in trade, is the European power in the Straits of Malacca. The Ruler of Aceh after his death had to deal with the Dutch colonialists who are interested in tin mining in the state of Perak in the Malay Peninsula. Perak at the time was under the auspices of Aceh. The main goal of this paper is to review the role and authority of the ruler of Aceh and Perak, when dealing with a Dutch ploy to mo

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Hosono, Hideo. "(Invited) Approach to Oxide Tfts with High Mobility & Stability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 35 (2022): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02351255mtgabs.

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Thin film transistors (TFTs) with the channel of amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) represented by amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) are now applied to drive pixels of the state-of the art display based on high mobility, good homogeneity, easy fabrication and optical transparency [1]. Recently, larger mobility TFTs are highly demanded for emerging applications such as ultra-high vision and memories. However, there is a critical obstacle to be overcome, i.e., an empirical trade-off rule in oxide TFTs between mobility and stability. Higher mobility TFTs possess less stability to va

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Voland, Thomas, and Shona Daly. "The EU Regulation on Conflict Minerals: The Way Out of a Vicious Cycle?" Journal of World Trade 52, Issue 1 (2018): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2018003.

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In April 2017, the EU adopted a new EU Regulation introducing a compulsory due diligence scheme for the trade in conflict minerals. This regulation is the latest milestone in the process of tightening the supply chain requirements concerning tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold. The aim of this process is to encourage companies to respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral sourcing practices by cultivating transparent mineral supply chains and sustainable corporate engagement in the mineral sector. Measures already in place include the US Dodd-Frank Act and the O

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Silná, Zuzana, and Zuzana Kittová. "International Trade in Conflict Minerals: Solutions for the EU Regulatory Framework." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 7, no. 28 (2015): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2014-0059.

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Abstract International trade in minerals, particularly tin, tungsten, wolfram, and gold, from conflict- affected or high-risk areas can have significant implications on intensifying and perpetuating the conflicts. It occurs that illegal mines are run by armed groups. As a result, minerals acquired from such sources provide financial means to armed movements and support the conflict. In this respect, several international and national regulatory frameworks for responsible sourcing have been established. The most important international initiative is the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsib

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Orehowskyi, Wadym. "TRADE AND MONEY CIRCULATION OF ANCIENT GREECE." BULLETIN OF CHERNIVTSI INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND ECONOMICS II, no. 90 (2023): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2023-2.90.01.

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The article is devoted to highlighting the main directions and features of trade and money circulation in Ancient Greece. In the introduction, the author notes that the Kingdom of Egypt and the state entities of Mesopotamia were the first centers of regional trade. A separate "branch" of the trade system of the Mediterranean was made up of numerous polises of Ancient Greece, which were essentially separate states. It was the sea spaces that played a major role in a Greek trade. The latter contributed to the formation, on the one hand, of a unique "Mediterranean world", and on the other - the G

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Osmond, Luke, Ian Cook, and Tom Slatter. "Tribological Properties of Multilayer CVD Coatings Deposited on SiAlON Ceramic Milling Inserts." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 2 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7020067.

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This work characterises the structure and mechanical properties, such as adhesion, of two different chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coatings deposited onto silicon aluminium oxynitride (Si3N4 + Al2O3 + Y2O3) round (RNGN) milling cutter tooling inserts. These inserts are often known by the trade abbreviation “SiAlON”. Wear was produced on the inserts using unidirectional sliding (pin-on-disc type) and scratch testing. Two coatings were investigated: a multilayer CVD coating (Coating A) with a composition of TiN + TiCN + Al2O3 and a bilayer coating (Coating B) with a composition of Al2O3 + TiN.

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Gale, Noel. "Archaeology, science-based archaeology and the Mediterranean Bronze Age metals trade: a contribution to the debate." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2001): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.113.

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The current consensus is outlined about the application of lead isotope analyses to metal provenance studies and to the unravelling of the Mediterranean Bronze Age copper trade, with special reference to copper oxhide ingots. Various misconceptions, especially some of those contained in Knapp (1999, 2000), are corrected. It is shown that there is no need to fall back on hypotheses based upon the Mediterranean-wide mixing/recycling of copper metals to explain the lead isotope characteristics of post-1250 BC copper oxhide ingots, since there is a good isotopic coincidence between these ingots an

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Mohamed Amin, Abd Ur-Rahman. "Politik dan Ekonomi Terengganu pada Hujung Abad Ke-18: Kajian terhadap Warkah Sultan Mansur Shah I." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 13, no. 2 (2020): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.13(2)no5.

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This article discusses the contents of 17 letters from Sultan Mansur Shah I, the Sultan of Terengganu, are preserved in the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London with the reference number SOAS MS 40320. Written in Malay using Arabic script, these were sent between 1785 and 1794. The contents discuss the political history of Terengganu involving foreign relations with the Siamese and the British. The Siamese were a continuous threat to Terengganu, especially after the Siamese conquest of Patani in 1785. Therefore, Terengganu sought to establish diplom

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