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1
Svec, Pavol, and L’ubomír Caplovic. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of b4c-tib2 composites reactive sintered from B4C + TiO2 precursors." Processing and Application of Ceramics 16, no. 4 (2022): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2204358s.
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Ceramic composites consisting of a boron carbide (B4C) matrix and titanium diboride (TiB2) secondary phase were obtained by reactive sintering from boron carbide powder with 40 and 50wt.% of titanium dioxide (TiO2) additive. The same sintering temperature of 1850?C and pressure of 35MPa, but different sintering times from 15 to 60min, were applied during reactive hot pressing of the composites in vacuum. The effects of TiO2 content and sintering time on phase compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The TiO2 additive enhanced densification of the B4C-TiB2 ceramic composites. Both Vickers hardness and the fracture toughness of the composites increased with prolongation of sintering time. The highest hardness of 29.8GPa was achieved for the composite with 29.6 vol.% of TiB2 obtained by sintering of the precursor with 40wt.% of TiO2 additive for 60min. The fracture toughness reached a maximum value of 7.5MPa?m1/2 for the composite containing 40.2 vol.% of TiB2, which was fabricated by reactive sintering of the precursor with 50wt.% of TiO2 additive for 60min.
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Wang, Gui Song, and Lin Geng. "Microstructure Formation Mechanism of (Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al Composites Fabricated by Reactive Hot Pressing." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1439.
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The two (Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al composites were fabricated from Al-B2O3-TiO2 and Al-B-TiO2 raw powders by reactive hot pressing, respectively. The microstructure of in situ two composites was analyzed by OM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that coarse Al3Ti blocks with several tens of micrometers size were formed during hot pressing. The equiaxed Al2O3 particulates and hexagonal TiB2 particulates with finer sizes were formed in the composites simultaneously. The microstructure formation mechanism of (Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al composites were discussed. The results showed that Al2O3 reinforcements were formed on the surface of TiO2 or B2O3 powder and TiB2 particles were formed on B or B2O3 powders. The formation of coarse Al3Ti block is result from continuous diffusion of Ti in liquid Al during reactive hot pressing. In addition, there are fine Al3Ti precipitates exist in the composite fabricated from Al-B-TiO2 powders. This contributes to the improved mechanical properties in terms of yield and ultimate stresses and Young’s modulus of the composite.
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Kustiningsih, Indar, Fajariswaan Nurrahman, Hasby Ashyra Rinaldi, Ipah Ema Jumiati, Denni Kartika Sari, and Jayanudin Jayanudin. "Synthesize Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-TiO<sub>2 </sub>Composite for Methyl Orange Photocatalytic Degradation." Materials Science Forum 1057 (March 31, 2022): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9q4ts9.
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The effect of Fe3O4 percentage on Fe3O4-TiO2 composite for methyl orange photocatalytic degradation has been investigated. Hydrothermal was carried out on TiO2 before being combined with Fe3O4 by precipitation method. The composites were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse and reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4-TiO2 composites were evaluated for methyl orange degradation. The addition of Fe3O4 to TiO2 could reduce the bandgap energy. The lowest bandgap energy was obtained at 20% Fe3O4-TiO2 composite. By using this composited, the degradation of methyl orange was 90%.
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Noviyanti, Atiek Rostika, Efa Nur Asyiah, Muhamad Diki Permana, Dina Dwiyanti, Suryana, and Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy. "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium Dioxide Composite from Eggshell by Hydrothermal Method: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity." Crystals 12, no. 11 (2022): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111599.
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Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications. HA is prepared from natural sources of eggshell. The obtained HA is composited with TiO2 using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 230 °C. The structure and morphology of HA-TiO2 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, its antibacterial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The formation of the HA-TiO2 composite is evidenced by typical peaks on the XRD pattern for HA and TiO2. The FTIR spectrum shows that no bond formed between TiO2 and HA which indicates the formation of composites. The smallest crystallite size and the highest specific surface area were obtained from the composite with the composition of HA-TiO2 30:70. In addition, the composition of the composite also shows the smallest particle size distribution. Therefore, the presence of TiO2 plays a significant role in determining the HA properties formed. Furthermore, the HA-TiO2 composite showed good antibacterial activity using disk diffusion and optical density (OD) methods. These results indicate that the synergistic combination of HA from eggshell with TiO2 has favorable properties for antibacterial activity.
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Kumar, G. B. Veeresh, P. S. Shivakumar Gouda, R. Pramod, and C. S. P. Rao. "Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Reinforced Al6061 Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 26, no. 1 (2017): 096369351702600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351702600104.
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This article presents the investigative work carried out to study the relationship between the physical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with Titanium dioxide (TiO2). The powder metallurgy route of production was followed to produce the composites (Al6061 containing 3 wt% TiO2). The composites were subjected to sequences of physical, mechanical and tribological investigations. The outputs of the experiments done indicate that the increase in TiO2 fillers increase the density of the composite and the values accepted by the rule of mixtures. The result of mechanical characterisation of Al6061-TiO2 composites was noticed to increase significantly with higher TiO2 content in the matrix, with loss in ductility. The dry sliding wear studies of Al6061-TiO2 composite showed greater wear resistance than Al6061 matrix and the composite containing higher filler content displayed the superior physical, mechanical and tribological characteristics.
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Maganti, Naga Venkata Ramesh, and Ravikanth Raju Potturi. "Investigation on Mechanical and Machinability Properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) Particles." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 11 (2023): 5682. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.5682.
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This research paper deals with the preparation process and testing of metal matrix composites comprising Aluminium alloy (Al 6061) as the base metal and Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) as reinforcements. Due to their high specific strength, superior malleability, lightweight, stiffness and excellent resistance to corrosion, oxidation and wear, the aluminium metal matrix composites are preferred in the automobile and industrial sectors for component manufacturing. No work reported on machinability properties of Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Graphite (Gr) reinforced aluminium composites so far. This study prepared and studied samples composed of variable proportions of titanium oxide and graphite. The samples were prepared using the stir casting method. While stirring, the required additives were added to the molten aluminium mixture. To perform the tests, the samples were prepared according to standard dimensions after solidification. The mechanical properties of the prepared composite were examined using various test procedures, such as strength and hardness. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the test composite samples. The EDAX test confirmed the presence of graphite and Titanium oxide in the aluminium based composite specimens. Furthermore, machining was done to study the cutting forces on the tool. The test results showed a significant impact of the reinforced materials on the mechanical and machinability properties of aluminium metal matrix composites. Gr decreases hardness, while TiO2 increases it. TiO2 and Gr reinforcements increase the tensile strength of Al 6061 composites. The addition of TiO2 decreased the composite's elongation. The proof strength of 2 % Al6061 was high, however it decreased with 3 % Gr and increased with TiO2 reinforcement. Reinforcements increase cutting forces during machining; when comparing the machining of Al 6061 to that of 3 % Gr and 5 % TiO2, a 50 % increase in cutting forces is noticed. However, excessive reinforcements may reduce cutting forces due to poor matrix-reinforcement adhesion. HIGHLIGHTS The mechanical and machinability properties of aluminium metal metrics reinforced with Titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphite (Gr) have not been reported so far in the literature. In this study, aluminium based composites reinforced with variable proportions of titanium oxide and graphite were prepared and studied. The fabrication process was done by stir casting by adding the required additives into the molten mixture of aluminium, followed by continuous stirring. The solidified samples were cut according to the standard dimensions and various test procedures were conducted to examine the mechanical and machinability properties of the prepared composites. Gr reduces hardness, whereas TiO2 enhances it. TiO2 and Gr reinforcements boost Al 6061 composite tensile strength. TiO2 addition reduced elongation of the composite. 2 % proof strength of Al 6061 was strong, however it dropped with 3 % Gr and rose with TiO2 reinforcement. Reinforcements results higher cutting forces while machining, however excessive supplements lower cutting forces may be due to poor matrix-reinforcement bonding. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Yeh, Chun-Liang, and Fu-You Zheng. "Formation of TiB2–MgAl2O4 Composites by SHS Metallurgy." Materials 16, no. 4 (2023): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041615.
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TiB2–MgAl2O4 composites were fabricated by combustion synthesis involving metallothermic reduction reactions. Thermite reagents contained Al and Mg as dual reductants and TiO2 or B2O3 as the oxidant. The reactant mixtures also comprised elemental Ti and boron, as well as a small amount of Al2O3 or MgO to serve as the combustion moderator. Four reaction systems were conducted and all of them were exothermic enough to proceed in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The reaction based on B2O3/Al/Mg thermite and diluted with MgO was the most exothermic, while that containing TiO2/Al/Mg thermite and Al2O3 as the diluent was the least. Depending on different thermites and diluents, the combustion front temperatures in a range from 1320 to 1720 °C, and combustion wave velocity from 3.9 to 5.7 mm/s were measured. The XRD spectra confirmed in situ formation of TiB2 and MgAl2O4. It is believed that MgAl2O4 was synthesized through a combination reaction between Al2O3 and MgO, both of which can be totally or partially produced from the metallothermic reduction of B2O3 or TiO2. The microstructure of the TiB2–MgAl2O4 composite exhibited fine TiB2 crystals surrounded by large densified MgAl2O4 grains. This study demonstrated an energy-saving and efficient route for fabricating MgAl2O4-containing composites.
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Luo, Yue, Xue Min Yan, Huan Yang, and Gao Shen Su. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Adsorption Proprieties of Titania-Active Carbon Composites." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.391.
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Titania nanoparticles were anchored onto active carbon (AC) through a hydrothermal process to obtain TiO2/AC composites. The optimal TiO2 loading and hydrothermal pH were investigated. The prepared TiO2/AC composites were used as adsorbents for dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model fuel. The adsorption capacity of TiO2/AC composite in the optimal synthesis conditions has enhanced 12.4% compared with pure AC. The adsorbents were regenerated by toluene washing, and the TiO2/AC composite showed higher adsorptive capacity than AC even after three recycles. The pore structure and surface chemical proprieties of TiO2/AC composite and AC were also investigated by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and Beohm titration. The results indicate that the surface acidic sites of TiO2/AC may play an important role in the improved adsorption performance.
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Zhu, He Guo, Jin Min, Da Chu та Huan Wang. "Study on the Reaction Mechanism of (α-Al2O3+TiB2+TiC)/Al Composites Fabricated by Al-TiO2-B4C System". Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (жовтень 2010): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.84.
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The composites (-Al2O3+TiB2+TiC)/Al has been fabricated by using exothermic dispersion synthesis. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the reaction between the Al and TiO2 can spontaneously occur due to the negative Gibbs free energy of the Al-TiO2 reaction system. With the increase of B4C/TiO2 mole ratios, the exothermic peaks increase move to the higher temperature and the corresponding ignite temperatures also increase. The reaction results indicate that when the B4C/TiO2＝0, the reinforcements are composed of -Al2O3, Al3Ti, with the increase of B4C/TiO2, the amount of Al3Ti decreases and the TiC and TiB2 form simultaneously. When the B4C/TiO2 increases to 1/3, the Al3Ti almost disappear and the reinforcements of the composites are consisted of -Al2O3, TiC and TiB2.
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Sagara, Katsuhiro, Yun Lu, and Dao Cheng Luan. "FEM Analysis on Thermoelectric Properties of Metal/TiO2–x Composites with Random Distribution of Metal Powder." Materials Science Forum 750 (March 2013): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.750.130.
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Analysis model of finite element method with a random distribution for thermoelectric composites was built. Thermoelectric properties including electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity of M/TiO2–x (M = Cu, Ni, 304 stainless steel (304SS)) thermoelectric composites were investigated by the proposed model. Cu/TiO2–x composite showed a large decrease in electrical resistivity while 304SS/TiO2–x composite thermal conductivity was slightly increased. Calculated dimensionless figure-of-merit, ZT of Ni/TiO2–x composite was higher than those of TiO2–x and the other composites in a wide range of metal volume fractions because Ni has large absolute values of Seebeck coefficient, power factor and dimensionless figure-of-merit compared to the other two metals. It was found that power factor and dimensionless figure-of-merit of thermoelectric composites depended on the balance among electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. The results revealed that it is important for M/TiO2–x composites to choose suitable addition metal with high power factor and dimensionless figure-of-merit.
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Mirjalili, Abolfazl, Ali Zamanian, and Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hadavi. "The effect of TiO2 nanotubes reinforcement on the mechanical properties and wear resistance of silica micro-filled dental composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 23 (2018): 3217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318818882.
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One of the most important aspects of dental resin composites is the ability to improve mechanical properties by adding reinforcing filler particles. TiO2 nanotubes are expected to improve the physical and mechanical properties of silica micro-filled dental composite. Therefore, TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using an alkaline hydrothermal process and then functionalized with 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Different quantities of TiO2 nanotubes and silica microparticles were reinforced in bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and tri-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to prepare dental composite samples. Thereafter, the flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, degree of conversion of monomers, wear resistance and water sorption were utlized to examine the prepared composites. The flexural strength and wear resistance of composites with 3 wt% TiO2 nanotubes significantly increased in comparison with other composites. On the other hand, due to the stability of composite, the water sorption was decreased. Therefore, TiO2 nanotubes reinforcement could be a promising solution for the improvement of mechanical properties in dental composites.
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Ahmad, Nur, Alfan Wijaya, Amri Amri, et al. "Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene by Composites Based Ni/Al-Oxide." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 3 (2022): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.385-391.
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In the present study, composite layer double hydroxide-metal oxide (Ni/Al-TiO2 and Ni/Al-ZnO) was successfully prepared and used as catalyst of oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Characterization of catalyst was used XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. The structure of Ni/Al-LDH, TiO2, and ZnO in composite Ni/Al-TiO2 and Ni/Al-ZnO was consistent, which also indicated that the preparation of composite did not change the form of precursors. FTIR spectra of Ni/Al-TiO2 and Ni/Al-ZnO absorption band at 3398, 1639, 1339, 832, 731, and 682 cm−1. The catalysts have an irregular structure, TiO2 and ZnO adhere to the surface of Ni/Al LDH. The percent mass of Ti and Zn on the composite at 29.3% and 18.2%, respectively. The acidity of Ni/Al LDH increased after being composited with TiO2 and ZnO. The optimum reaction time, dosage catalyst, and temperature were 30 min, 0.25 g, and 50°C, respectively, and n-hexane as a solvent. The percentage conversion of dibenzothiophene on Ni/Al-LDH, TiO2, ZnO, Ni/Al-TiO2, and Ni/Al-ZnO were 99.44%, 91.92%, 95.36%, 99.88%, and 99.90%, respectively. The catalysts are heterogeneous system and the advantage is that can be used for reusability. After 3 times catalytic reactions, the conversion of dibenzothiophene still retains more than 80%, even Ni/Al-TiO2 and Ni/Al-ZnO composites still 97.79% and 98.99%, respectively.
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Shajari, Shayeste, Elaheh Kowsari, Naemeh Seifvand, et al. "Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Benzene and Toluene over Novel Hybrid PIL@TiO2/m-GO Composites." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010126.
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In this work, the PIL (poly ionic liquid)@TiO2 composite was designed with two polymerized ionic liquid concentrations (low and high) and evaluated for pollutant degradation activity for benzene and toluene. The results showed that PIL (low)@TiO2 composite was more active than PIL (high)@TiO2 composites. The photodegradation rate of benzene and toluene pollutants by PIL (low)@TiO2 and PIL (high)@TiO2 composites was obtained as 86% and 74%, and 59% and 46%, respectively, under optimized conditions. The bandgap of TiO2 was markedly lowered (3.2 eV to 2.2 eV) due to the formation of PIL (low)@TiO2 composite. Besides, graphene oxide (GO) was used to grow the nano-photocatalysts’ specific surface area. The as-synthesized PIL (low)@TiO2@GO composite showed higher efficiency for benzene and toluene degradation which corresponds to 91% and 83%, respectively. The resultant novel hybrid photocatalyst (PIL@TiO2/m-GO) was prepared and appropriately characterized for their microstructural, morphology, and catalytic properties. Among the studied photocatalysts, the PIL (low)@TiO2@m-GO composite exhibits the highest activity in the degradation of benzene (97%) and toluene (97%). The ultimate bandgap of the composite reached 2.1 eV. Our results showed that the as-prepared composites hold an essential role for future considerations over organic pollutants.
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Zhao, Qian, Qiaoli Zhang, Cui Du, et al. "Synergistic Effect of Dual Particle-Size AuNPs on TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040499.
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Design of efficient catalysts for photocatalytic water-splitting hydrogen evolution is of fundamental importance for the production of sustainable clean energy. In this study, a dual particle-size AuNPs/TiO2 composite containing both small (16.9 ± 5.5 nm) and large (45.0 ± 9.8 nm) AuNPs was synthesized by annealing two different sized AuNPs onto TiO2 nanosheets. Dual particle-size AuNPs/TiO2 composites of 2.1 wt% catalyze photocatalytic H2 evolution 281 times faster than pure TiO2. Control experiments indicate the observed rate increase for the 2.1 wt% dual particle-size AuNPs/TiO2 composites is larger than 2.1 wt% small AuNPs/TiO2 composites, or 2.1 wt% large AuNPs/TiO2 composites in isolation. The observed photocatalytic enhancement can be attributed to the synergistic effect of dual particle-size AuNPs on TiO2. Specifically, small-sized AuNPs can act as an electron sink to generate more electron-hole pairs, while the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of large-sized AuNPs concurrently injects hot electrons into the TiO2 conduction band to enhance charge transfer. In addition, a gold-dicyanodiamine composite (GDC)-directed synthesis of 2.1 wt% dual particle-size AuNPs/TiO2 composites was also completed. Notably, a photocatalytic efficiency enhancement was observed that was comparable to the previously prepared 2.1 wt% dual particle-size AuNPs/TiO2 composites. Taken together, the synergistic effects of dual particle-size AuNPs on TiO2 can be potentially used as a foundation to develop semiconductor photocatalyst heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity.
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Pan, Xiaoyan. "Study on preparation and properties of nanocrystalline TiO2/graphite photocatalytic composite by mechanochemistry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2539, no. 1 (2023): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2539/1/012057.
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Abstract Graphite-modified TiO2 composite is a promising photocatalyst in environmental purification. In this study, TiO2/graphite photocatalytic composites were prepared by mechanochemistry using natural flake graphite and nanocrystalline TiO2 as raw materials. The composites were examined by X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The photoelectrochemical properties of the composites were investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photocurrent response. The influences of the content and premilling time of graphite on the photocatalytic properties of the composites were studied through the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue. The results showed that graphite was exfoliated and broken during ball milling, and defects of graphite increased with the extension of milling time. In the composite, there is no solid solution of carbon atoms in TiO2 lattice. The photocatalytic results indicated that a proper amount of graphite could improve the photocatalytic behavior of TiO2. The TiO2/graphite composite containing 1wt% graphite exhibited the best photocatalytic behavior. The pretreatment of graphite by ball milling could enhance the photocatalytic behavior of the TiO2/graphite composite and the optimal premilling time of graphite was 4 hours.
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Li, Zhaoqing, Zhufeng Liu, Xiao Yang, et al. "Enhanced Photocatalysis of Black TiO2/Graphene Composites Synthesized by a Facile Sol–Gel Method Combined with Hydrogenation Process." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093336.
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In this study, in situ TiO2 was grown on the surface of graphene by a facile sol–gel method to form black TiO2/graphene composites with highly improved photocatalytic activity. The combination of graphene and TiO2 was beneficial to eliminate the recombination of photogenerated electron holes. The self-doping Ti3+ was introduced, accompanied by the crystallization of amorphous TiO2, during the hydrogenation process. Consequently, the narrowed bandgap caused by self-doping Ti3+ enhanced the visible light absorption and thus made the composites appear black. Both of them improved the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized black TiO2/graphene composites. The band structure of the composite was analyzed by valence band XPS, revealing the reason for the high visible light catalytic performance of the composite. The results proved that the black TiO2/graphene composites synthesized show attractive potential for applications in environmental and energy issues.
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Niyomwas, Sutham. "Synthesis of TiO2-B2O3-Al Based Porous Composites." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.1.
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The TiB2-Al2O3 porous composites were obtained in situ by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of TiO2-B2O3-Al System. The reaction was carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at the pressure of 0.5 MPa. The standard Gibbs energy minimization method was used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the reacting species. The effects of increasing aluminum mole ratio to the precursor mixture of TiO2, B2O3 and Al were investigated. XRD and SEM analyses indicate complete reaction of precursors to yield TiB2-Al2O3 as product composite
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Pei, Zhenzhao, Pei Wang, and Zhiguo Li. "Investigation of ZnTiO3/TiO2 composites and their application in photocatalysis." European Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.10.1.7-11.1824.
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In this work, we report that ZnTiO3/TiO2 composites, which were synthesized by hydrothermal method possessed photocatalytic and potential spraying properties. The obtained ZnTiO3/TiO2 composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). Photocatalytic activities of ZnTiO3/TiO2 composites were evaluated by using Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model pollutant under visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the as-prepared ZnTiO3 (2%)/TiO2 composite exhibited better photocatalytic activity than that of pure TiO2.
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Ardhi, B. P., M. M. Alfin, E. Pramono, and S. Wahyuningsih. "Properties of TiO2/PDMS-Ag Composites as Antibacterial Self Cleaning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012009.
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Abstract TiO2 and TiO2-PDMS/Ag (PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane) composites have been prepared. The synthesis was carried out by preparing TiO2 using ball milling technique for 6, 8 and 10 hours, with the composition of TiO2: ball milling = 1:15; 1:20; and 1:25 (g/g). Furthermore, the TiO2-PDMS/Ag composite was synthesized through the solvent dispersion method with the aid of ultrasonication. The preparation of TiO2-PDMS/Ag composites was carried out with several compositions of TiO2, PDMS and Ag, as well as milling times, aiming to determine the effect of compositions and time of ball milling process on decreasing of TiO2 particle size. The addition of Ag to the TiO2-PDMS composites was carried out to investigate the effect of Ag on the antibacterial activity. TiO2-PDMS/Ag composite coating on glass was done by spray coating method. While the antibacterial activity was measured by determining the zone of inhibition by disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aurous and Escherichia coli. The results exhibited that the ball milling treatment and milling time affected the change in the crystal size of TiO2. The highest composition of TiO2: ball milling at 1:25 for 10 hours was able to reduce the crystal size of TiO2 from 65.81 nm to 46.17 nm. The other hand, the observation of the physical properties of the contact angle of glass coated TiO2-PDMS/Ag composites before irradiation obtained 107° and after irradiation with visible light the contact angle decreased to 56°, which shows that the TiO2-PDMS/Ag composites exhibit photocatalytic activity in the presence of TiO2/Ag. Furthermore, the observation of antibacterial activity on the TiO2-PDMS/Ag as a self-cleaning photocatalytic materials resulted that the largest inhibition zone reached 11.37 mm, so that the TiO2/PDMS-Ag composites had great potential as an active antibacterial self-cleaning.
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LI, S. Y., J. H. FENG, H. W. CHEN, et al. "PREPARATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF Ag/Graphene/TiO2 COMPOSITES." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 16, no. 1 (2021): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2021.161.217.
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The composite catalysts were prepared by two-step photothermal synthesis, and the morphology, structure and catalytic performance of the Ag/graphene/TiO2 composite were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, etc. The results showed that the composites were prepared successfully by Ag depositing on TiO2 compounded with graphene, and solid UV diffuse reflection test showed that Ag/Graphene/TiO2 composites had the greatest enhancement in the absorption of visible light. The results showed that among four kinds materials, the methyl orange’s degradation rate of Ag/Graphene/TiO2 in simulated visible light reached best, whose degradion was 4.25 times that of pure TiO2. The number of photocatalytic experiments showed that Ag/Graphene/TiO2 photogenerated electrons and the corresponding generated O2· dominated the catalysis.
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Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Taher, Mahdi Omidi, Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad, et al. "MWCNTs-TiO2 Incorporated-Mg Composites to Improve the Mechanical, Corrosion and Biological Characteristics for Use in Biomedical Fields." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051919.
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This study attempts to synthesize MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composites with varying TiO2-MWCNT concentrations using mechanical alloying and a semi-powder metallurgy process coupled with spark plasma sintering. It also aims to investigate the mechanical, corrosion, and antibacterial properties of these composites. When compared to the MgZn composite, the microhardness and compressive strength of the MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composites were enhanced to 79 HV and 269 MPa, respectively. The results of cell culture and viability experiments revealed that incorporating TiO2-MWCNTs increased osteoblast proliferation and attachment and enhanced the biocompatibility of the TiO2-MWCNTs nanocomposite. It was observed that the corrosion resistance of the Mg-based composite was improved and the corrosion rate was reduced to about 2.1 mm/y with the addition of 10 wt% TiO2-1 wt% MWCNTs. In vitro testing for up to 14 days revealed a reduced degradation rate following the incorporation of TiO2-MWCNTs reinforcement into a MgZn matrix alloy. Antibacterial evaluations revealed that the composite had antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 3.7 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composite structure has great potential for use in orthopedic fracture fixation devices.
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Pijarn, Nuchanaporn, Hasan Seng, Tuwaeibroheng Toso, and Chanatan Dissong. "TiO2-SiO2 Gel Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Composite Energy Gap Calculation." Key Engineering Materials 706 (August 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.706.94.
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The objectives of this study were to mix TiO2 and SiO2 gel for photo catalyzing in methylene blue and calculated energy gap of TiO2- SiO2 gel composite. Nanoparticles of TiO2-doped SiO2 gels have been synthesized for use as composites in photodegradation of methylene blue. SiO2 gel was synthesized by a sol-gel method from rice husk ash. TiO2 was synthesized by microwave method from TiOSO4. The composite of TiO2-SiO2 was prepared by mixing of 25% wt TiO2 and 75% wt SiO2 gel and SiO2 gel bead. This work can be dived into two kinds of TiO2 sources were TiO2 from microwave synthesis (MW) and TiO2 from P25. The UV absorption values of methylene blue after used TiO2-SiO2 composite were measured. Wavelengths of composites were measured by Uv-vis reflectometer and energy gap were calculated.
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Shi, Dan, Zhi Li Zhang, De Cai Li, Qi Han, and Tie Peng Xing. "Preparation and Photo-Catalysis Properties of Fe3O4/TiO2 Nanocomposite." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.187.
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As a Kind of Most Common Used Photocatalyst, TiO2 Nanomaterials Existing Disadvantages on Low Light Energy Utilization in Visible Light Range and Difficulty on Recycle. in Our Study, Different Proportions of Fe3+ and Fe2+ Ion Were Doped with Nano-Ti02 Particles in Structure of Rutile Type through Method of Chemical Precipitation. the Result Showed that Nano-Composites Formed by TiO2 Coexist with Fe3O4, with the Average Size of the Composite Particles Nearly 20 Nm. the Photo-Catalyst Performances of the Composite Have Improved Largely, and so the Relatively Optimized Preparation Conditions Were Presented.
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Purbandini, Steffita Rahayuning, and Abdul Haris. "Effect of ZnO Dopant on TiO2 on Simultaneous Decrease of Phenol, Pb(II) and COD using Photocatalysis Method." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 1 (2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.1.34-38.
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A study entitled the effect of ZnO dopant on TiO2 on the decrease in phenol, Pb (II), and COD levels simultaneously has been performed. This study aims to synthesize TiO2 and TiO2/ZnO composites, to determine the character of TiO2/ZnO, and to measure the activity of TiO2/ZnO and TiO2 composites on the degradation of phenol wastes, decrease of Pb (II) and COD concentration. The method used was photocatalysis with TiO2 and with TiO2/ZnO. The characterization of TiO2/ZnO composites was analyzed using SEM-EDS. Photocatalysis was measured using a time variable of 1-4 hours with UV light. In photocatalysis using TiO2/ZnO composite, it was found that the maximum reduction of phenol, Pb (II), and COD concentrations occurred at the time of photocatalysis for 4 hours.
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Heltina, D., N. Adharianti, D. G. Randa, and Komalasari. "Effect of Adding Fe3O4 in Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 Composite for Phenol Photodegradation Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (2021): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012089.
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Abstract In order to improve the performance of TiO2, a material that can increase the adsorption ability of TiO2 is needed, one of which is graphene. Graphene/TiO2 composites can be used to degrade phenol. The addition of a magnet material to the grapene/TiO2 composite, namely Fe3O4 is expected to facilitate the separation of the catalyst after being used in the phenol degradation process. This study aims to synthesize and characterize graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composites. The composite obtained was used to degrade phenol. This research begins with the modification of graphene with the surfactant cocoPAS. Synthesis of graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with various amount of Fe3O4 in composite (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g, respectively). Composites used for phenol degradation and separated after degradation. The composite materials were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with a mass of Fe3O4 in the composite of 0.3 g indicates the highest degradation, while the catalyst separation process after phenol degradation showed the fastest time in the separation of the Fe3O4 mass in the composite, which was 0.5 g. the faster the separation time required, but the performance of the composite in degrading phenol is decreasing.
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Butylina, Svetlana, Ossi Martikka, and Timo Kärki. "Effect of inorganic pigments on the properties of coextruded polypropylene-based composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 1 (2016): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716646416.
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In this article, the effect of the incorporation of three inorganic pigments on the properties of coextruded polypropylene-based composites was studied. Three different pigments were incorporated in the shell layer of the composites: iron oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The tensile properties and Charpy impact strength of the composites were tested. A water immersion test was conducted. The morphology of the fractured surfaces of composites was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The durability of the composites was assessed by testing colour characteristics and tensile strength after 500 hours of accelerated weathering. The results revealed that the TiO2-containing composite had the highest tensile modulus and Charpy impact strength, while the ZnO-containing composite had the lowest tensile strength and Charpy impact strength. Iron oxide was found to have no effect on either the physical or mechanical properties of the composite. The porosity of composites influences their water absorption and thickness swelling. The TiO2-containing composite exhibited better colour stability.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Eko Sri Kunarti, Respati Tri Swasono, and Indriana Kartini. "Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2(rod)-SiO2-Polyaniline Nanocomposite." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.22550.
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A study of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composites coated with polyaniline (PANI) has been performed. PANI was synthesized through in-situ polymerization of aniline at various concentration (0.0137, 0.0274, and 0.0411 M) on the composite under acidic condition. PANI was confirmed by the appearance of C=N, C=C vibrations and the redshift of the band-gap from 3.14 eV for the TiO2(rod)-SiO2 into 3.0 eV for the TSP01 composite. It is also shown that the polymerization does not change the crystal structure of TiO2(rod)-SiO2 as confirmed by the XRD pattern. The TEM image shows a mixed structure of SiO2 coated by TiO2(rod)-PANI layers and the oxides coated by PANI layers. Therefore, the surface area of the resulted TiO2(rod) and the composites did not change significantly. The T TiO2(rod)-SiO2-PANI composite give small improvement under visible irradiation from 20.25 to 25.59% (around 5% from the bulk of TiO2(rod)) and from 25.03 to 25.59% (around 2% from TiO2(rod)-SiO2 composite). The mixed structure of the composites, as well as the formation of excessive layers of PANI, are possibly the case for the low photoactivity. Further improvement to obtain a core-shell structure with a thin layer of PANI is still sought.
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Muthamilarasu, A., S. Sivakumar, G. Divya, M. Sivakumar, and D. Sakthi. "NiO/CuO/TiO2 Ternary Composites: Development, Physicochemical Characterization and Photocatalytic Degradation Study Over Reactive Orange 30 Solutions Under Solar Light Irradiation." Advances in Materials Science 22, no. 1 (2022): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2022-0003.
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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of Reactive Orange 30 on NiO/CuO/TiO2 ternary composites have been studied using solar light irradiation. The NiO/CuO/TiO2 ternary composites were prepared by producing ethanolic dispersions containing varied amounts of NiO and CuO/TiO2 (3wt% to 15wt.%), followed by annealing at 300 °C. SEM, UV- Vis DRS, PL, XRD and FTIR analysis have been used to characterize the unary (parent photocatalysts), binary and ternary composites. Under solar light irradiation, NiO/CuO/TiO2 ternary composites exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity in degradation of reactive orange 30 in aqueous solution, whereas the NiO/TiO2, CuO/TiO2 and bare photocatalyst such as NiO, CuO, TiO2 showed lower activities. It was deduced that the remarkable visible-light absorption phenomenon and band gap reduction of the NiO/CuO/TiO2 ternary composites taking place. It paves way for the photogenerated electron transfer between CB of the NiO, CuO, TiO2 semiconductors and also holes shifting between VB of above mentioned materials. The NiO/CuO/TiO2 ternary composite shows good photostability and the photocatalyst retains 94% of its initial activity in the seventh cycle, respectively.
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Liang, Yuan-Chang, and Wei-Cheng Zhao. "Crystal Growth and Design of Disk/Filament ZnO-Decorated 1D TiO2 Composite Ceramics for Photoexcited Device Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030667.
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Disk- and filament-like ZnO crystals were decorated on one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructures (TiO2–ZnO) through various integrated physical and chemical synthesis methods. The morphology of the ZnO crystals on TiO2 varied with the chemical synthesis method used. ZnO nanodisks decorated with TiO2 nanorods (TiO2–ZnO–C) were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method, and ZnO filament-like crystals decorated with TiO2 nanorods (TiO2–ZnO–H) were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. Compared with the pristine TiO2 nanorods, the as-synthesized TiO2–ZnO composites exhibited enhanced photophysiochemical performance. Furthermore, because of their fast electron transportation and abundant surface active sites, the ZnO nanodisks in the TiO2–ZnO–C composite exhibited a higher photoactivity than those in the TiO2–ZnO–H composite. The morphology and crystal quality of the ZnO decoration layer were manipulated using different synthesis methods to realize disk- or filament-like ZnO-decorated TiO2 composites with various photoactive performance levels.
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Zheng, Shan, Lian Gao, Hiroshi Watanabe, et al. "Improving the Microstructure of Si3N4-TiN Composites Using Ammonium Citrate to Disperse Raw TiO2 Powders." Key Engineering Materials 352 (August 2007): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.352.115.
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Dense and homogenous Si3N4-TiN composites (5 vol% TiN) were prepared by using in situ synthesis method from Si3N4, AlN and TiO2 mixtures, containing Y2O3 and Al2O3 as sintering aids. In the prepared Si3N4-TiN composites, TiN grains were formed from TiO2 and AlN powders during the sintering process, in which ammonium citrate was used as a dispersant for raw TiO2 powders. The microstructures of the Si3N4-TiN composites with the increase of ammonium citrate were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Citrate ions modified on the surface of TiO2 particles and protected the TiO2 particles in the mixed slurry to reduce the aggregations of TiO2 powders, and homogenous Si3N4-TiO2-AlN composite powder was prepared for sintering. The microstuctures of Si3N4-TiN were developed after sintering with the uniform distribution of TiN grains in the Si3N4 ceramics. It was found that the microstructure of Si3N4-TiN composite was improved significantly with 0.20 g ammonium citrate in the system, TiN grains with 0.2-0.3 μm in diameter distributed throughout Si3N4 matrix. It was a practical and useful way to improve the microstructure of Si3N4-TiN composite without the alteration of the preparation procedure.
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Jang, Myung Geun, Choonglai Cho, and Woo Nyon Kim. "Synergistic effects of hybrid conductive fillers on the electrical properties of carbon fiber pultruded polypropylene/polycarbonate composites prepared by injection molding." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 7 (2016): 1005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658536.
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In this study, the effects of filler characteristics and composite preparation methods on the morphology, mechanical property, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30, wt%)/hybrid conductive filler composites were investigated. Nickel-coated carbon fiber (NCCF) was used as main filler and TiO2, multi-walled carbon nanotube, and graphite were used as second fillers in the composites. The pultruded NCCF/polypropylene composite was used in the preparation of the polypropylene/polycarbonate/NCCF/second filler composites. The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate/NCCF/second filler composites were compared with the type of second filler. The superior value of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness was observed to be 51.6 dB (decibel) when the hybrid fillers such as NCCF (5.2 vol% or 20 wt%) and TiO2 (1.2 vol% or 5 wt%) were added in the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30) composite. The electrical properties of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30)/NCCF/TiO2 composites was compared with the composite preparation methods, which were injection molding and screw extrusion. The results suggested that fiber length of the NCCF affected significantly to the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30)/NCCF/TiO2 composites.
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Wei, Fengjun, Bingli Pan, and Juan Lopez. "The tribological properties study of carbon fabric/ epoxy composites reinforced by nano-TiO2 and MWNTs." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (2018): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0133.
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Abstract A kind of carbon fabric/epoxy composite was successfully prepared with carbon fiber fabric as reinforced phase and epoxy resin as binder phase, then the nano-TiO2 and a hybrid system of TiO2/MWNTs was added into the carbon fabric/ epoxy composite matrix respectively to prepare a kind of nano-composite. The friction and wear properties of CF/EP composites under different load conditions have been studied in this article, during the study the effects of filler types and contents on the tribological properties were researched, at last the worn surfaces were investigated and the abrasion mechanism was discussed. The results showed that: whether filling the nano-TiO2 alone or mixing the TiO2/MWNTs, it was able to achieve a good effect on decreasing friction and reducing wear, and the optimum addition ratio of the nano-TiO2 particles was 3.0% , meanwhile 3.0% of nano-TiO2 and 0.4% of MWNTs could cooperate with each other in their dimension, and could show a synergistic effect on modifying the tribological properties of CF/EP composites, the coefficient of friction of the modified composites decreased by 20% and the wear life increased by more than 140% compared with that of pristine composite materials, in the process of friction and wear, the wear form of the composites materials varied from brittle rupture to abrasive wear gradually.
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Cheng, Hao, Wenkang Zhang, Xinmei Liu, Tingfan Tang, and Jianhua Xiong. "Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide/Carbon Fiber (TiO2/CF) Composites for Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from Aqueous Solution with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9986158.
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TiO2 powder was firstly synthesized and carbon fiber was secondly prepared via the carbonization of polyaniline fiber, and TiO2/carbon fiber composites were lastly synthesized via a simple method at room temperature. The prepared samples are evidently investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectrum, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Using the monochromatic light of ultraviolet, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/CF composites was accurately evaluated with respect to the degradation of an aqueous dye (methylene blue) solution. The relationship between the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and its ratio, contact time, and the amount of catalyst was studied. The kinetics and mechanisms of degradation were discussed. The results show that TiO2/CF composites have good photocatalytic activity and stability. The TiO2/CF2/1 composite was used in effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, the weight ratio of TiO2 to carbon fiber was 2:1, and the degradation rate was obtaining up to 97.7% of degradation during 120 min of reaction. The photocatalytic stability of TiO2/CF composites was dependent on the stability of their structure. After 5 repeated uses, the composite TiO2/CF2/1 still exhibited rather high activity toward the degradation of methylene blue, where the decolorization efficiency of methylene blue achieved 92% and the loss of activity was negligible. Based on radical trapping experiments, the mechanism of TiO2/CF composites on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue is proposed, which could explain the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composites better. Superoxide radicals, photogenerated holes, and photogenerated electrons were the main active substances for methylene blue degradation.
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Melek Tezcan, Melek Tezcan, Huseyin Cicek Huseyin Cicek, and Meryem Cicek and Said Nadeem Meryem Cicek and Said Nadeem. "Tuning Photocatalytic Activity and Decomposition Properties of Poly(Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate-co-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)/TiO2 Composite Hydrogel." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 4 (2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000778/jcsp/41.04.2019.
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We have synthesized TiO2-loaded porous polyethylene glycol diacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (poly(PEGDA-co-HEMA)) hydrogel composites having tunable photocatalytic properties with structural decomposition. TiO2 was loaded over hydrogels by impregnation of titanium oxobutyrate (Ti(OBu)4), peptized at room temperature that resulted poly(PEGDA-co-HEMA)/TiO2 composites. Pore morphology, crystalline structure and TiO2 content of the hydrogels/composites were examined using SEM, XRD and TGA analyses. Structural decomposition rate of the composite hydrogels and model contaminant (methyl orange) was performed under simulated sun light. Suitable pore size, morphology and higher PEGDA/HEMA ratio in the formulation increased the structural decomposition rate of the polymer that works as a TiO2 template. As the template breaks out, it leaves behind a porous TiO2 skeleton – thus accelerates the photocatalytic activity. Although the TiO2 template did not formed at lower PEGDA/HEMA ratio and lower molecular weight of PEGDA, decomposition rate of the composite slowed down (10 % in 108 h). The prepared hydrogels can be used in the skin care andamp; engineering and waste water treatments.
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Safri, Anam, and Ashleigh Jane Fletcher. "Concentration Dependence of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Carbon Xerogels on Adsorption–Photodegradation Applications." Gels 9, no. 6 (2023): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060468.
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A suite of composite materials comprising carbon xerogel content and TiO2 was synthesised via a modified sol–gel method. The textural, morphological, and optical properties of the composites were extensively characterised and correlated with the observed adsorption and photodegradation performances. The homogeneity and porous structure of the composites depended on the amount of TiO2 deposited in the carbon xerogel. During polymerisation, Ti-O-C linkages were formed, which favoured the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the target methylene blue dye. Adsorption was deemed favourable, and most accurately fitted by the Sips model, exhibiting a maximum uptake of 209 mg g−1 estimated for the sample containing 50% TiO2. However, the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation for each composite depended on the amount of TiO2 deposited in the carbon xerogel. The dye degradation process for the composites with 50%, 70%, and 90% TiO2 improved by 37%, 11%, and 2%, respectively, after exposure to visible light after adsorption. Repeated runs demonstrated over 80% of activity was retained after four cycles. Thus, this paper provides insight into the optimal amount of TiO2 required within such composites for maximum removal efficiency via adsorption and visible light photocatalysis.
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Zhao, Shu Mao, and Ling Ran Zhao. "Mechanical Properties of Hot-Pressed B<sub>4</sub>C-TiB<sub>2</sub> Composites Synthesized from B<sub>4</sub>C-TiO<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>4</sub>C-TiC." Key Engineering Materials 902 (October 29, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.902.81.
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In this study, B4C-TiB2 ceramic composites were manufactured by hot pressing method. The raw materials for the in-situ synthesis of TiB2 were TiO2 and TiC. After being sintered at 1900°C for 60min under a pressure of 30MPa, compact composites samples with a TiB2 volume fraction range from 0 to 11.05% were prepared. The relative density, fracture toughness and flexural strength of different sample were tested. Microstructures on the fracture surface were studied by SEM. The result shows that B4C-TiB2 ceramic composites sintered from B4C-TiC had a better mechanical property than the one sintered from B4C-TiO2. When the content of TiB2 (reacted from TiC) was 11.05vol.%, the strength and toughness of B4C-TiB2 ceramics can reach 598MPa and 6.45MPa·m1/2. The toughening mechanisms of B4C-TiB2 composites include micro-crack toughening and energy consumption by the pulling out process of second phase.
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Lv, Yanan, Tao Li, Honglei Zhao, Xuepeng Li, Ying Bu, and Yongxia Xu. "Preparation of nano-TiO2 composite photocatalytic material and its degradation performance on aldehydes." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021301009.
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Chitosan-TiO2 photocatalytic composite was prepared using anatase nano-TiO2 and edible chitosan. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the structure of the composites. The photocatalytic degradation performance of the composites was studied by constructing a simulation system. The stability of the combination between chitosan and TiO2 in the composite can be confirmed by the results of FT-IR, UV-vis and SEM. The composite had a good photocatalytic degradation effect. When the addition amount of chitosan-TiO2 was 0.4%, the degradation efficiency of heptanal, octanal, (E)-2-heptenal and (E)-2-octenal reached the highest values of 83.82%, 81.73%, 96.33% and 93.36%, respectively.
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Ravichandran, Manickam, Meiyanathan Meignanamoorthy, and Sundaram Dineshkumar. "Microstructure and Properties of Hot Extruded Al-TiO2 Powder Metallurgic Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.130.
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Aluminium metal matrix composites reinforced with TiO2 were synthesized using powder metallurgy route. The compositions such as Al-2.5%TiO2, Al-5%TiO2, Al-7.5%TiO2 and Al-10%TiO2 were milled using ball mill for 1 hour. The green compacts were prepared using 400 kN hydraulic press. The sintering was done by using electric muffle furnace at a temperature of 550°C for 1 hour. Hot extrusion was carried out for the sintered composite samples with suitable punch and die. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and hardness have been studied for the hot extruded samples. The microstructures of the extruded composites were analyzed using optical microscope and reported. The high compressive strength was obtained for the Al-5%TiO2 composite.
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Yeh, Chun-Liang, and Kuan-Ting Liu. "Synthesis of TiB2/TiC/Al2O3 and ZrB2/ZrC/Al2O3 Composites by Low-Exotherm Thermitic Combustion with PTFE Activation." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 4 (2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6040111.
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TiB2–TiC–Al2O3 and ZrB2–ZrC–Al2O3 composites were produced via PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene)-activated combustion synthesis involving low-exotherm thermites. The reactant stoichiometries were 3TiO2 + 4Al + 0.5B4C + (1 − x)C + xCPTFE and 3ZrO2 + 4Al + 0.5B4C + (1 − y)C + yCPTFE. PTFE played a dual role in promoting the reaction and carburizing reduced Ti and Zr. The threshold amount of PTFE for the TiO2/Al-based reaction was 2 wt% (i.e., x = 0.15) and for the ZrO2/Al-based reaction was 3 wt% (i.e., y = 0.25). The increase in PTFE increased the combustion front velocity and reaction temperature. The TiO2/Al-based reaction was more exothermic than the ZrO2/Al-based reaction and exhibited a faster combustion front and a lower activation energy. The TiB2–TiC–Al2O3 composite was produced with the minimum amount of PTFE at x = 0.15. The formation of ZrB2–ZrC–Al2O3 composites required more PTFE at y = 0.5 to improve the reduction of ZrO2. Both triplex composites displayed mixed microstructures consisting of short-rod borides, fine spherical carbides, and Al2O3 agglomerates.
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Tomšič, Brigita, Špela Bajrič, Kaja Cergonja, et al. "Tailoring of multifunctional cotton fabric by embedding a TiO2+ZnO composite into a chitosan matrix." Tekstilec 66 (July 7, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.66.2023049.
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The use of nanomaterials to functionalise textiles offers new opportunities for chemical modification of textile fibres’ surfaces to achieve multifunctional protective properties. In this study, novel coatings were tailored on cotton fabric by embedding a mixture of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) of different molar ratios into a chitosan polymer matrix. The excitation energies of the TiO2+ZnO composites generated in the coatings ranged from 3.20 eV to 3.25 eV, indicating that the photocatalytic performance of the functionalised cotton was driven by UV light. The presence of TiO2+ZnO composites increased the UV protection factor (UPF) of the cotton fabric from 4.2 for the untreated sample to 15–21 for the functionalised samples. The UPF values of the coatings slightly decreased after repeated washing. The ZnO in the TiO2+ZnO composites conferred biocidal activity to the coatings, which were resistant to washing at higher ZnO concentrations. In addition, the TiO2 in the TiO2+ZnO composites was responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic self-cleaning of the functionalised cotton, which was observed during the initial period of illumination at lower ZnO concentrations in the composite. The main advantage of these TiO2+ZnO composite coatings is their multifunctionality, which cannot be provided by single-component TiO2 or ZnO coatings. Moreover, these coatings have wide-ranging practical applications, as they were composed of commercially available nanomaterials and were applied using conventional pad–dry–cure equipment.
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Svec, Pavol, Zuzana Gábrisová, and Alena Brusilová. "Reactive sintering of B4c-TiB2 composites from B4 and TiO2 precursors." Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, no. 4 (2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2004329s.
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The effect of sintering temperature in the interval from 1775 to 1850?C on the density, microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic composites consisting of a boron carbide matrix and titanium diboride secondary phase was studied. The composites were hot pressed using in situ reaction between boron carbide and 40 wt.% of titanium dioxide additive. The samples were hot pressed at different temperatures but for the constant time of 60min, under the pressure of 35MPa in vacuum of 10 Pa. Both Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the composites increased with the sintering temperature.Maximal hardness of 29.8GPa and fracture toughness of 6.9MPa?m1/2 were achieved for the composite with 29.6 vol.% of titanium diboride secondary phase sintered at the highest sintering temperature of 1850?C.
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Svec, Pavol, Zuzana Gábrisová, and Alena Brusilová. "Reactive sintering of B4c-TiB2 composites from B4 and TiO2 precursors." Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, no. 4 (2020): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2004329s.
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The effect of sintering temperature in the interval from 1775 to 1850?C on the density, microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic composites consisting of a boron carbide matrix and titanium diboride secondary phase was studied. The composites were hot pressed using in situ reaction between boron carbide and 40 wt.% of titanium dioxide additive. The samples were hot pressed at different temperatures but for the constant time of 60min, under the pressure of 35MPa in vacuum of 10 Pa. Both Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the composites increased with the sintering temperature.Maximal hardness of 29.8GPa and fracture toughness of 6.9MPa?m1/2 were achieved for the composite with 29.6 vol.% of titanium diboride secondary phase sintered at the highest sintering temperature of 1850?C.
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Du, Yuanyuan, Xinjun Li, Ying Fu, et al. "Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Rectorite-Titanium Dioxide Composites." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503074.
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Using rectorite as raw material, REC is modified by nitric acid, TiO2 is attached to the surface of the acidized modified REC tablet to form modified REC-TiO2 composite materials by the sol-gel method, and its adsorption performance and photocatalytic properties were studied. The results show that the adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materialtoporads to methylene blue increased with the increase of equilibrium concentration. The process of adsorption MB of modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is an endothermic process. The adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materials to MB increased with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is 25 degree, the maximum adsorption capacity of REC is 93.985 mg/g, the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC is 107.006 mg/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC-TiO2 is 120.773 mg/g. The degradation rate of MB and p-nitrophenol by modified REC-TiO2 composite under illumination are 99% and 98%, respectively. The decontamination rate of MB and 4-NP of modified REC-TiO2 composites under darkness was 50% and 0.8%, respectively. Under light conditions, the degradation rate of MB and 4-NP in modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is improved.
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Wang, Shuli, Jiankang Zhu, Yongchao Rao, et al. "Polydopamine Modified Graphene Oxide-TiO2 Nanofiller for Reinforcing Physical Properties and Anticorrosion Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (2019): 3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183760.
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Nano-polydopamine-graphene oxide-TiO2 (nano-PDA@GO-TiO2) composites were prepared by dopamine modified graphene oxide (GO) and loaded nano-TiO2 on the surface of GO. The structure and morphology of nano-PDA@GO-TiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Results demonstrate that the introduction of dopamine to functionalize the GO could self-polymerize polydopamine (PDA) on the surfaces of the GO and endow abundant chemical groups reduce the GO. The interaction between the GO and nano-TiO2 particles could prevent graphene nanosheets from restacking and nano-TiO2 particles from agglomeration. Nano-PDA@GO-TiO2 composite material was used as the nano-filler, and nano-PDA@GO-TiO2 composites waterborne epoxy resin coatings (PGT/WEP) were prepared by dispersing a different content of nano-PDA@GO-TiO2 composites into waterborne epoxy resin with the help of ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical agitation. The physical properties of PGT/WEP coatings, such as hardness, impact resistance, and adhesion, were tested and the electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results show that dispersing 2% nano-PDA@GO-TiO2 composites in waterborne epoxy resin could significantly improve the physical properties and corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy resin coating when compared with pure waterborne epoxy coating.
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Aliyah, Shofi Nur, and Dina Kartika Maharani. "PENGARUH SUHU KALSINASI KOMPOSIT Zn TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KOMPOSIT TiO2/ZnO." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p79-84.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak. Sintesis semikonduktor TiO2 dan ZnO diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dan karakteristik katalis. ZnO berperan sebagai dopan yang melapisi permukaan kristal TiO2, sehingga mampu meningkatkan energi gap dari semikonduktor TiO2. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu kalsinasi terhadap karakteristik komposit TiO2/ZnO. Sol TiO2 dan sol ZnO disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel. Komposit TiO2/ZnO dikasinasi pada suhu 400 °C, 450 °C 500 °C, dan 550 °C. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan yaitu analisis dengan instrument Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) yang menunjukkan terdapat gugus fungsi -OH, Ti-O dan Zn-O pada komposit yang terbentuk. Dan analisis X-Ray Driffraction (XRD) yang menunjukkan fasa anatase dan ukuran kristal komposit TiO2/ZnO didapatkan semakin tinggi suhu kalsinasi maka semakin besar ukuran kristalnya pada komposit yang terbentuk.
 
 Kata kunci : Komposit, TiO2/ZnO, Sol-gel
 
 Abstract. The synthesis of TiO2 and ZnO semiconductors is expected to improve the physical properties and characteristics of the catalyst. ZnO acts as a dopant that coats the surface of TiO2 crystals, thereby increasing the energy gap of the TiO2 semiconductor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of TiO2/ZnO composites. TiO2 sol and ZnO sol were synthesized using the sol-gel method. TiO2/ZnO composites were cured at 400 °C, 450 °C 500 °C, and 550 °C. The characterizations carried out was the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) instrument analysis which showed that there were an -OH, Ti-O and Zn-O functional groups in the formed composite. And X-Ray Driffraction (XRD) analysis which showed the anatase phase and crystalline size of TiO2/ZnO composites, the higher the calcination temperature, the greater the crystal size in the formed composite. 
 
 Key words: Composite, TiO2/ZnO, Sol-gel
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Zhang, Hongfeng, Xiu He, Weiwei Zhao, et al. "Preparation of Fe3O4/TiO2 magnetic mesoporous composites for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 7 (2017): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.002.
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Fe3O4/TiO2 magnetic mesoporous composites were synthesized through a sol-gel method with tetra-n-butyl titanate as precursor and surfactant P123 as template. The as-prepared Fe3O4/TiO2 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore size distribution. The as-synthesized products were applied as photocatalysis for the degradation of Acid Black ATT and tannery wastewater under UV lamp irradiation. Fe3O4/TiO2-8 composites containing Fe3O4 of 8 wt% were selected as model catalysts. The optimal catalyst dosage was 3 g/L in this photocalytic system. The magnetic Fe3O4/TiO2 composites possessed good photocatalytic stability and durability. This approach may provide a platform to prepare a magnetic composite to optimize the catalytic ability.
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Nasir, Amara, Sadia Khalid, Tariq Yasin, and Anca Mazare. "A Review on the Progress and Future of TiO2/Graphene Photocatalysts." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176248.
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TiO2 is seen as a low cost, well-known photocatalyst; nevertheless, its sluggish charge kinetics does limit its applications. To overcome this aspect, one of the recent approaches is the use of its composites with graphene to enhance its photoactivity. Graphene-based materials (nanosheets, quantum dots, etc.) allow for attachment with TiO2 nanostructures, resulting in synergistic properties and thus increasing the functionality of the resulting composite. The current review aims to present the marked progress recently achieved in the use of TiO2/graphene composites in the field of photocatalysis. In this respect, we highlight the progress and insights in TiO2 and graphene composites in photocatalysis, including the basic mechanism of photocatalysis, the possible design strategies of the composites and an overview of how to characterize the graphene in the mixed composites. The use of composites in photocatalysis has also been reviewed, in which the recent literature has opened up more questions related to the reliability, potential, repeatability and connection of photocatalytic mechanisms with the resulting composites. TiO2/graphene-based composites can be a green light in the future of photocatalysis, targeting pollution remediation, energy generation, etc.
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Wang, Guo Feng, Ji Hong Zhang, Chunping Zhang, and Kai Feng Zhang. "Densification and Mechanical Properties of B4C Based Composites Sintered by Reaction Hot-Pressing." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.24.
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Boron carbide (B4C) possesses unique physical and thermal properties. In this paper, B4C based composites toughened by TiB2 were fabricated by in-situ reaction sintering with the original microcrystalline powders B4C, TiO2 and glucose. The influences of sintering temperature and content of TiO2 on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. (TiB2, Al2O3)/B4C and (TiB2,SiC)/B4C composites with almost fully dense were fabricated by using additives of Al2O3 and Si powders and sintering at 1950°C and 1900°C, the fracture toughness of composites reach to 7.09 and 6.35 MPa•m1/2 respectively. The analysis of microstructure shows that the main toughen mechanism is the crack deflection due to the existence of residual stress.
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Sabran, Nurul Husna, Leny Yuliati, Siew Ling Lee, and Hendrik Oktendy Lintang. "Systematic Study of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of Luminescent Copper(I) Pyrazolate Complex/Titanium Oxide Composites." Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2, no. 1 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.1.54.
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Columnar assembly of luminescent 3,5-dimethyl pyrazolate complexes/titanium oxide composites with different metal ions has shown significant improvement in its photocatalytic activity for the removal and degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Since photocatalytic activity of semiconductor titanium oxide (TiO2) with an anatase phase can be improved by calcination temperature, we report the effect of heat treatments on the preparation of copper(I) 3,5-dimethyl pyrazolate complex/titanium oxide composite ([Cu3Pz3]/TiO2) for the removal and degradation of 2,4-D. Photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 were successfully prepared using an impregnation method with different calcination temperature at 373, 473 and 573 K. Although, the activity of photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 was significantly improved with increasing of calcination temperature on pure TiO2, it was slightly reduced with an increase of calcined temperature to 473 and 573 K. These results showed that [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2 was unstable at high temperature due to the decomposition of molecular structure of [Cu3Pz3] during the preparation of the photocatalyst. Hence, suitable calcination temperature is an important parameter to increase photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst composites [Cu3Pz3]/TiO2.
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Maletic, Marina, Ana Kalijadis, Vladimir Lazovic, et al. "Influence of n doping on structural and photocatalytic properties of hydrothermally synthesized tio2/carbon composites." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc220608079m.
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N-doped TiO2/carbon composites (TiO2/CN) with different nitrogen content, were obtained starting from titanium isopropoxide and glucose, and by varying the amount of melamine, added to starting reaction mixture. For comparison, an undoped sample (TiO2/C) was also prepared. Structural and surface characteristics were determined through scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/CN composites was examined via photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and multiclass pharmaceuticals from water solution. It was found that N doping of TiO2 carbon composites induced changes in structural and surface characteristics of TiO2/CN composites, improving their adsorption, but decreasing photocatalytic efficiency. Nevertheless, TiO2/CN0.05 composite obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of glucose and 0.05 g melamine showed the highest efficiency for removing selected pharmaceuticals and methylene blue from aqueous solutions through the combined processes of adsorption in the dark, and photocatalytic degradation under UV and visible irradiation.