Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tip-loss

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tip-loss'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tip-loss"

1

Mehta, Atul C., Joseph A. Golish, and Douglas R. Livingston. "Loss of Fiberoptic Laser Tip." Chest 88, no. 5 (1985): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.88.5.798a.

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Hansen, Martin O. L., and Jeppe Johansen. "Tip studies using CFD and comparison with tip loss models." Wind Energy 7, no. 4 (2004): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.126.

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Yoo, Myung Chul, Jin Hwan Ahn, Duke Whan Chung, Byung Ho Kim, and Dong Chul Oh. "Neurovascular Island Graft for Finger Tip Loss." Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 21, no. 1 (1986): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.1986.21.1.95.

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Wood, D. H., V. L. Okulov, and D. Bhattacharjee. "Direct calculation of wind turbine tip loss." Renewable Energy 95 (September 2016): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.017.

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Shen, Wen Zhong, Robert Mikkelsen, Jens Nørkær Sørensen, and Christian Bak. "Tip loss corrections for wind turbine computations." Wind Energy 8, no. 4 (2005): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.153.

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Jiang, Hai Bo. "Lift Performance of Wind Turbine with Blade Tip Loss." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.569.

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Blade tip losses would reduce lift and power of wind turbine. This paper analyzed the mechanism of tip losses, and according to Prandtl and Glauert tip loss correction factor and blade element - momentum theory derived the blade chord formula with tip losses. Further, lift coefficient calculation formula was obtained by integrating along the blade span. The lift coefficient formula considering tip loss expressed the highest value of lift coefficient of any practical wind turbine with tip losses. The research shows, the impacts of tip losses to chord concentrated in the tip area; tip losses wil
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Ishida, M., H. Ueki, and Y. Senoo. "Effect of Blade Tip Configuration on Tip Clearance Loss of a Centrifugal Impeller." Journal of Turbomachinery 112, no. 1 (1990): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927412.

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According to the theory presented by the authors, the tip clearance loss of an un-shrouded centrifugal impeller mainly consists of two kinds of loss; one is the drag due to the leakage flow through the blade tip clearance and the other is the pressure loss to support the fluid in the thin annular clearance space between the shroud and the blade tip against the pressure gradient in the meridional plane without blades. The former is proportional to the leakage flow or the contraction coefficient of leakage flow. The authors have conducted performance tests using an impeller with 16 backward-lean
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ISHIDA, Masahiro, Hironobu UEKI, and Yasutoshi SENOO. "Effect of blade tip configuration on tip clearance loss of a centrifugal impeller." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 53, no. 491 (1987): 2099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.53.2099.

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Shen, Wen Zhong, Jens Nørkær Sørensen, and Robert Mikkelsen. "Tip Loss Correction for Actuator/Navier–Stokes Computations." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 2 (2005): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850488.

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A new tip loss correction, initially developed for 1D Blade Element/Momentum (BEM) computations (submitted to Wind Energy), is now extended to 2D Actuator Disc/Navier–Stokes (AD/NS) computations and 3D Actuator Line/Navier–Stokes (AL/NS) computations. In the paper, it is shown that the tip loss correction is an important and necessary step for actuator/Navier–Stokes models. Computed results are compared to experimental data and to results from BEM computations using the new tip correction as well as the original one of Glauert (Aerodynamic Theory, Dover, New York, Chap. VII, Div. L, pp. 251–26
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Storer, J. A., and N. A. Cumpsty. "An Approximate Analysis and Prediction Method for Tip Clearance Loss in Axial Compressors." Journal of Turbomachinery 116, no. 4 (1994): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929457.

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A simple model for loss created by the tip clearance flow in axial compressors is presented, based on an experimental program performed in conjunction with the Dawes three-dimensional Navier–Stokes calculation method. The principal mechanism of loss (entropy creation) caused by tip leakage flow has been established to be the mixing of flows of similar speeds but different direction. Calculations show that relative motion of the endwall relative to the tip has a small effect on clearance flow. The simple model correctly predicts the magnitude of tip clearance loss and the trend with changes of
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tip-loss"

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Mazur, Steven (Steven Andrew). "Turbine tip clearance loss mechanisms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82486.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.<br>This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98).<br>Three-dimensional numerical simulations (RANS and URANS) were used to assess the impact of two specific design features, and of aspects of the actual turbine envir
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Huang, Arthur (Arthur Chan-wei). "Loss mechanisms in turbine tip clearance flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67067.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-110).<br>Numerical simulations of tip clearance ow have been carried out to dene the loss generation mechanisms associated with tip leakage in unshrouded axial turbines. Mix- ing loss between the leakage, which takes the form of a strong embedde
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Peters, David W. "Tip leakage loss development in a linear turbine cascade." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040444/.

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Banks, William V. III. "Analysis of Turbine Rotor Tip Clearance Losses and Parametric Optimization of Shroud." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155718636896448.

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Buske, Clemens M. A. [Verfasser]. "Development of CFD-Based Tip Clearance Loss and Deviation Models for Axial-Flow Turbines / Clemens M. A. Buske." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222556189/34.

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Askin, Muharrem Kemal. "Calculations of Wind Turbine Flow in Yaw using the BEM Technique." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187238.

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The earlier EU-sponsored project MEXICO (model experiments in controlled conditions) provided a huge database for flows past an experimental rotor in standard and yaw conditions. This study aims to determine the eligibility of different models under various conditions by using the MEXICO data. The main purpose of this project is to improve the BEM technique for yawed flows by using the new yaw model. Additionally, the BEM technique with new yaw model is compared with the CFD and measurement results. The Glauert’s yaw model is also applied in BEM model to compare the effectiveness of the new ya
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Cencelli, Nicolette Arnalda, Bakstrom T. W. Von, and T. S. A. Denton. "Aerodynamic optimisation of a small-scale wind turbine blade for low windspeed conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/353.

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Thesis (MScEng (Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wind conditions in South Africa determine the need for a small-scale wind turbine to produce useable power at windspeeds below 7m/s. In this project, a range of windspeeds, within which optimal performance o the wind turbine is expected, was selected. The optimal performance was assessed in terms of the Coefficient of Power(Cp), which rates the turbines blade's ability to extract energy form the avalible wind stream. The optimisation methods employed allowed a means of
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O'Dowd, Devin Owen. "Aero-thermal performance of transonic high-pressure turbine blade tips." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7b8e7d0-4973-4757-b4df-415723e7562f.

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Van, Ness II Daniel Kraus. "A study of tip clearance flow loss mitigation in a linear turbine cascade using active and passive flow control." 2009. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03192009-154338/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2009.<br>Thesis directed by Thomas C. Corke for the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. "March 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-287).
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Lübbe, Jannis Ralph Ulrich. "Cantilever properties and noise figures in high-resolution non-contact atomic force microscopy." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2013040310741.

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Different methods for the determination of cantilever properties in non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) are under investigation. A key aspect is the determination of the cantilever stiffness being essential for a quantitative NC-AFM data analysis including the extraction of the tip-surface interaction force and potential. Furthermore, a systematic analysis of the displacement noise in the cantilever oscillation detection is performed with a special focus on the thermally excited cantilever oscillation. The propagation from displacement noise to frequency shift noise is studied under c
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Books on the topic "Tip-loss"

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Guffey, R. Wayne. Weight loss is just the tip of the iceberg. Waldenhouse Publishers, 2005.

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Cleave, Rohan, and Coral Tulloch. Bouncing Back. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308415.

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The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is one of Australia's most threatened species. When their existence came under extreme threat from habitat loss, predators and human development, Eastern Barred Bandicoots found refuge in the most unlikely of places – a rubbish tip. This captivating true story details the plight these small, nocturnal marsupials faced, and the outstanding efforts that ensured their protection. Written by Rohan Cleave and illustrated by Coral Tulloch, Bouncing Back shows that even on the brink of extinction, there is hope for the survival of our most vulnerable species. &#x0D; Rohan
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Shahane, Shantanu. Osteoarthritis of the elbow joint. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.005.005.

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♦ Symptomatic, primary osteoarthritis of the elbow usually occurs in young men involved in heavy manual labour.♦ Common causes of secondary osteoarthritis of the elbow are trauma, infection, bleeding disorders and neuropathic conditions.♦ Clinically, the commonest presenting symptom is loss of motion. Patients can also complain of pain, locking and ulnar nerve symptoms.♦ Plain X-rays are usually sufficient for diagnosis. They show reduction in joint space and osteophytes at the tip of olecranon and coronoid processes. Loose bodies are also frequently seen.♦ Symptoms in early stages of arthriti
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Meyrier, Alain, and Patrick Niaudet. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0057_update_001.

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Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) causes nephrotic syndrome and by definition is not caused by any of the known causes of podocyte toxicity or focal segmental sclerosis such as viral infections or toxins. A number of genetic causes of FSGS are commonly diagnosed in early childhood. Other causes of segmental scarring need to be distinguished. Genotypes in APOL1 of African origin are associated with higher incidence of FSGS and poorer responses to treatment. Cellular and collapsing FSGS are variants of FSGS in which there is overt acute podocytopathy and they have a relatively po
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Book chapters on the topic "Tip-loss"

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Branlard, Emmanuel. "Tip-Losses with Focus on Prandlt’s Tip Loss Factor." In Research Topics in Wind Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55164-7_13.

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Kotsubo, V., D. L. Johnson, and R. G. Ross. "Cold-Tip Off-State Conduction Loss of Miniature Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_34.

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Branlard, Emmanuel. "Helical Model for Tip-Losses: Development of a Novel Tip-Loss Factor and Analysis of the Effect of Wake Expansion." In Research Topics in Wind Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55164-7_20.

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Jairajpuri, M. Shamim, and Qaiser H. Baqri. "White-Tip Disease Symptoms, Loss and Control." In Nematode Pests of Rice. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429034749-7.

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"28 Reconstruction of Tissue Loss: Columella and Nasal Tip." In The Nose-Revision & Reconstruction, edited by Hans Behrbohm. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0035-121706.

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"6. Aerodynamics of wind turbine rotors and tip-loss corrections." In Wind Turbine Airfoils and Blades. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110344387-007.

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Sabrejos, Jorge Vinna, Аlexey Nikolaevich Vasilyev, Alexander Anatolievich Belov, Viktor Nikolaevich Toporkov, and Andrey Anatolievich Musenko. "Researches of Technology Electrohydraulic Effect." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9420-8.ch019.

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The purpose of the chapter is to study the technology and technical means of electrohydraulic action on water. The authors justify the relevance of the research. The design of the original negative electrode tip is being developed to increase the density of the electromagnetic field and reduce power loss. The design parameters of the electrohydraulic installation are shown. Modeling of factors influencing the process of electrohydraulic treatment of water according to the Plackett-Berman plan and the random balance method is carried out; significant and insignificant factors are identified. The operation modes of the electrohydraulic installation are determined and optimized experimentally. The substantiation of the economic feasibility of using electrohydraulic water treatment technology in farms is being conducted. The prospects and scope of electrohydraulic technology are determined.
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Schickler, Eric. "Lincoln’s Party No More." In Racial Realignment. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153872.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the battle for control of the national GOP. The idea of a realignment premised on Republican appeals to disaffected southern conservatives had been a topic of political conversation from 1937 onward. However, many national leaders were wary of such a shift, which would tip the balance of power in the party decisively toward its conservative wing, risking a loss of support in urban, liberal states. The chapter then analyzes GOP strategy toward civil rights in the 1940s–1950s, as party leaders sought to balance the rank- and-file's general lack of interest in pursuing vigorous action with the perceived need to appear at least mildly supportive in order to avoid alienating moderate voters in states like New York and Illinois.
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Lazar, Alina. "Epidural Anesthesia." In Pediatric Anesthesia Procedures, edited by Anna Clebone and Barbara K. Burian. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685188.003.0011.

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During epidural anesthesia, local anesthetics and adjuvants are administered into the epidural space by a single-shot, intermittent, or continuous technique. Epidural analgesia is used for open thoracic surgery, major intra-abdominal surgery with extensive surgical dissection, major lower extremity surgery, and long-term pain management. Epidural anesthesia is contraindicated in pediatric patients with uncorrected coagulopathy, hemophilia, liver disease causing coagulopathy, skin infection at the insertion site, bacteremia/sepsis, or lack of parental consent. Anesthesiologists should be familiar with the current American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine guidelines regarding anticoagulation and bleeding disorders in the setting of neuraxial anesthesia before performing epidural anesthesia. In infants, the tip of the conus medullaris and dural sac are located lower in the spinal column than in adults. Additionally, because the epidural space contains less fat and fibrous tissue than in adults, in infants it is easier to insert an epidural catheter at a lower level and then to thread it up to a higher level. In infants younger than 6 months, the vertebral column remains cartilaginous, and epidural catheters can be visualized with ultrasonography. In infants, for the initial placement of the needle, there is a more subtle “give” as the ligamentum flavum is pierced than in adult patients. As a general rule, the depth of the epidural space is 1 mm/kg of body weight (e.g., the depth of the epidural space in a 10-kg child would be 10 mm). However, because wide variation exists in the depth of the epidural space, a test for loss of resistance is performed as soon as the epidural needle has entered the supraspinous ligament.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Pacemakers and Defibrillators." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0024.

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Cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators are used to stimulate cardiac muscle directly. The pacemaker corrects for abnormalities in the heart rate (this can be fast or slow). Defibrillators are used to restore a fibrillating or tachycardic heart, to sinus rhythm. These are normally external, battery or mains powered, but can be internal devices, which are called Implantable Cardiac Devices (ICDs). Pacemakers that deal with bradycardia will be considered first. Normally a slow or irregular heart rhythm is caused by three types of heart block: ◆ First degree, where the delay at the AV junction is increased beyond the normal 0.2 s; ◆ Second degree, where a proportion of the depolarisation wave fails to pass through the AV junction; ◆ Complete block, where none of the depolarisation waves pass through the AV junction, and ventricular electrical activity is independent of supraventricular activity. In all these cases, the ventricles will beat at a slower or irregular rate. Dizziness or loss of consciousness may occur. The simplest pacemaker consists of three major components: batteries, the pulse generator, and the electrode leads. The pulse generator is required to provide a rectangular pulse. Typical parameters are the duration of 1 ms, a voltage of 5 V and capable of delivering a current of 10 mA. The power needed per second (if the pacemaker is on all the time) would be I 2R = 50 mW, for an electrode tissue resistance of 500 Ω. If the pacemaker is operating at 1 Hz (60 beats per minute), then the average power consumption would be 50 μW, as the pulse width is 1 ms (the pacemaker is on for 1/1000 of a second, and so the power consumption will be divided by 1000). A typical small battery has a capacity of 1 A h, so that this battery could supply the average current (10 μA) for about 11 years. The circuitry would also absorb power so that the battery life would drop to around 5 years. The batteries used are now commonly lithium iodide. The output pulse is applied to the tissue via an electrode. The electrode tip, which can screw in (or more unusually, is sown in), can be made of platinum, silver, stainless steel, titanium as well as various alloys.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tip-loss"

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Shao, Weiwei, Lucheng Ji, and Ronghui Cheng. "Basic Analysis of Tip Leakage Mixing Loss." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27616.

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A simple model for tip leakage mixing loss of unshrouded blades for compressible flow is presented. The work draws ideas, is based on the theoretical analysis of the loss by Denton. Relationship for computing the loss is derived, in terms of blade surface static pressure, chordwise distribution of tip clearance, discharge coefficient and total pressure loss coefficient in the tip region. Parameter studies reveal average level and chordwise distribution of the above factors’ contribution to the loss. Results clearly indicate the governing variables and mechanisms which drive tip leakage mixing
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O’Dowd, D. O., Q. Zhang, I. Usandizaga, L. He, and P. M. Ligrani. "Transonic Turbine Blade Tip Aero-Thermal Performance With Different Tip Gaps: Part II—Tip Aerodynamic Loss." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22780.

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Blade tip aerodynamic loss results from experimental and numerical investigations are presented for engine representative conditions downstream of a blade row with an exit Mach number Mexit of 1.0, and an exit Reynolds number Reexit of 1.27×106 (based on axial chord). These results are presented for three different tip gaps of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 percent relative to engine-equivalent blade span. Experimental data are obtained by traversing a specially-made and calibrated three-hole pressure probe as well as a single-hole probe one axial chord downstream of the blade within the Oxford High Speed
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Ishida, Masahiro, Hironobu Ueki, and Yasutoshi Senoo. "Effect of Blade Tip Configuration on Tip Clearance Loss of a Centrifugal Impeller." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-80.

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According to the theory presented by the authors, the tip clearance loss of an unshrouded centrifugal impeller mainly consists of two kinds of loss; one is the drag due to the leakage flow through the blade tip clearance and the other is the pressure loss to support the fluid in the thin annular clearance space between the shroud and the blade tip against the pressure gradient in the meridional plane without blades. The former is proportional to the leakage flow or the contraction coefficient of leakage flow. The authors have conducted performance tests using an impeller with sixteen backward-
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Kammeyer, Jasper, Christoph Natkaniec, and Joerg R. Seume. "Tip Leakage in Small Radial Turbines: Optimum Tip-Gap and Efficiency Loss Correlations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22680.

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The tip-leakage flow mechanisms in turbocharger turbines used for downsized internal combustion engines and the associated losses are investigated over a range of operating conditions. Experiments are performed on a small, 35 mm diameter turbocharger turbine with varying tip-gap heights in a turbocharger test facility and numerical simulations are presented for extending the parameter range to sizes not covered experimentally. The sensitivity of turbine efficiency to tip-gap is evaluated and correlations for the estimation of tip-leakage related loss of efficiency are developed. An optimum app
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Song, Yang, and Peng Shan. "Research on Propeller Characteristics of Tip Induced Loss." In 2016 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmita-16.2016.153.

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Lomakin, N., A. Granovskiy, V. Belkanov, and J. Szwedowicz. "Effect of Common Blade Tip Squealer Designs in Terms of Tip Clearance Loss Control." In ASME 2013 Turbine Blade Tip Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/tbts2013-2040.

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The increase of new gas turbine’s efficiency is connected with further rise of turbine inlet temperature and sometimes as well pressure. In these conditions, first cooled turbine stages of a gas turbine engine usually consist of freestanding airfoils, which do not use an integrated shroud, to avoid risk of shroud overheating. In order to better control the radial gap leakage flow between the rotating blade tip and turbine casing, special design features of the airfoil tip need to be considered in the design process to meet the best possible stage performance. In the general engineering practic
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Shyam, Vikram, and Ali Ameri. "Comparison of Various Supersonic Turbine Tip Designs to Minimize Aerodynamic Loss and Tip Heating." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46390.

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The rotor tips of axial turbines experience high heat flux and are the cause of aerodynamic losses due to tip clearance flows, and in the case of supersonic tips, shocks. As stage loadings increase, the flow in the tip gap approaches and exceeds sonic conditions. This introduces effects such as shock-boundary layer interactions and choked flow that are not observed for subsonic tip flows that have been studied extensively in literature. This work simulates the tip clearance flow for a flat tip, a diverging tip gap and several contoured tips to assess the possibility of minimizing tip heat flux
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Senoo, Yasutoshi. "Mechanics on the Tip Clearance Loss of Impeller Blades." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-037.

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For predicting the tip clearance loss of turbomachines, different equations are published in the literatures based on differnt principles. In 1986 the present author posturated a new theory where the pressure loss consisted of two parts, one was the pressure loss induced by the drag force of the leaked flow and the other was the pressure loss to support the axial pressure difference without blades in the tip clearance zone. There were comments such as the two losses were the same loss looked from two different view points, or at least a part of the former was included in the latter or vice ver
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Palmer, Timothy R., Choon S. Tan, Humberto Zuniga, David Little, Matthew Montgomery, and Anthony Malandra. "Quantifying Loss Mechanisms in Turbine Tip Shroud Cavity Flows." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25783.

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Numerical calculations, steady as well as unsteady, of flow in a turbine stage with a tip shroud cavity elucidate that the loss generating flow features consist of tip seal leakage jet, the interaction of cavity exit flow with main flow, the partially recirculating cavity inlet flow interaction with vane wakes, and injection of leakage flow into the shroud cavity. The first two flow features, namely the tip seal leakage flow and mixing of cavity exit flow with main flow, dominate while the injection of leakage flow plays an indirect role in affecting the loss generation associated with cavity
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Rejek, Jonas, Stefan aus der Wiesche, and Reinhard Willinger. "Blade Tip Leakage Loss Reduction by Means of Passive Tip Injection: Linear Cascade Wind Tunnel Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63083.

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Abstract:
In the open literature, an innovative concept for turbine blade tip leakage loss reduction by means of passive tip injection was recently proposed. The present paper presents experimental results obtained for an unshrouded turbine blade corresponding to a 50 % reaction stage. The experiments were performed in a low-speed linear cascade wind tunnel facility with air as working fluid. The effect of passive tip injection on the resulting loss was investigated by detailed five-hole-probe measurements. Cascades with three different tip gap heights and blades with and without passive injection were
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