Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
THANNBERGER, PHILIPPE. "Tularemie transmise par piqure de tique." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR1M091.
Full textBoeuf, Amandine. "Développement d'approches protéomiques pour l'étude des interactions tique / Borrelia / peau." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992368.
Full textCharrier, Pierre. "Diversité génomique, évolution et adaptation de la tique Ixodes ricinus." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ONIR119F.
Full textTicks are obligate blood-feeders, able to transmit numerous micro-organisms, including causative agents of human or veterinary diseases (e.g.: Lyme Borreliosis). The tick Ixodes ricinus is a widely distributed species in Europe, where it is the principal vector of the Lyme disease agent. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, three lines of research were investigated. First, a large catalogue of transcripts was reconstructed and annotated for ticks in different physiological conditions (feeding or non-feeding, developmental stage, and sex). A differential expression analysis allowed to pinpoint genes associated with blood feeding at the level of the whole body (genes, involved in cuticle production, metolloproteases, etc...). Secondly, I explored the genetic structure of I. ricinus at the European scale using transcriptomes from 12 populations. I found a clear signal of phylogeographical structure probably resulting from an isolation by distance process. Finally, transcriptomes for 27 different species of ticks were reconstructed (including nine species sequenced for this study). This permitted to reconstruct a robust phylogeny for the whole group of hard ticks
Charon, Cédric. "Caractérisation du mécanisme d'action d'une famille multigénique de protéines inhibitrices du complément chez la tique Ixodes ricinus." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209866.
Full textUne activité inhibitrice avait ainsi déjà été détectée dans des extraits de glandes salivaires de la tique Ixodes ricinus, principal vecteur de la maladie de Lyme en Europe, mais sans pour autant qu’une protéine ne soit mise en évidence. Le Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Ectoparasites a cependant identifié une famille multigénique de 7 protéines, appelées protéines IxACs, qui inhibent de manière spécifique la voie alternative du complément. Nous avons découvert que ces protéines agissent en se liant de manière spécifique à la properdine, un facteur stabilisateur de la C3 convertase, complexe clé dans la cascade du complément. L’objectif de ce travail fut d'étudier le mécanisme d’action de ces protéines, ainsi que leur rôle potentiel en tant qu’outil thérapeutique dans certaines maladies auto-immunes.
Les protéines IxACs agissent toutes comme compétiteurs directs du facteur C3b pour la liaison à la properdine et ne semblent pas montrer de diversité de mécanisme d’action ni de sites de liaison différents.
Nous avons montré que les protéines IxACs lient la properdine via une hélice alpha d’une dizaine d’acides aminés située dans leur domaine N-terminale, et homologue au domaine de liaison à la properdine du C3b. Cette interaction dépend directement de deux tyrosines présentes au sein de cette hélice, et intervient au niveau du domaine TSR5 de la properdine. Des expériences utilisant un peptide correspondant à l’hélice alpha des protéines IxACs ainsi que des expériences de mutagenèse dirigée nous ont permis de confirmer cette interaction mais aussi de montrer qu’une autre région des protéines IxACs, encore inconnue, interagiraient avec le domaine TSR4 de la properdine et serait nécessaire à l’activité inhibitrice de ces protéines.
Nous avons également utilisé les protéines IxACs dans un modèle d’ischémie/reperfusion rénale, dans lequel la voie alternative du complément est directement impliquée. Nous avons mis en évidence que les protéines IxACs administrées à des souris entraînent une diminution du taux de créatinine dans le sang après ischémie/reperfusion, ce taux étant un indice direct de la souffrance rénale. Leur rôle potentiel en tant qu’outil thérapeutique est cependant encore à approfondir.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
CORDIER, FRANCOIS. "Contribution a l'etude de la maladie de lyme et de son vecteur en picardie." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM045.
Full textBarré, Nicolas. "Biologie et écologie de la tique Amblyomma Variegatum (Acarina : Ixodina) en Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112198.
Full textThe Tropical Bont Tick, A. Variegatum, has been introduced from Africa into the Caribbean, 150 years ago. The tick transmits heartwater and is associated with dermatophilosis, two diseases of ruminants which, in addition with its direct pathogenic effect makes the tick control a necessity. It is primarily a parasite of large herbivorous, bu dogs have been found infested with adults. Small wild mammals and birds are infested with immatures, making of the latters, and especially the cattle egret, potential disseminating agents of the tick. The engorgment of females needs an average of 9. 2 days; it is shorter for larvae (7. 4 d) and nymphs (6 d). Females attach on the host only if males are already attached and produce pheromones. The age of the ticks, abundance on the host, hosts species, and repeated infestation have little effects on the characteristics of the engorgment. Engorged ticks detached from the host look for a shelter on the soil surface to accomplish their molt or laying. The kinetic of these events, closely related with temperature and humidity conditions is described. In the areas of livestock production of Guadeloupe, which are localized at low or medium altitudes, the hygrometrie conditions are everywhere and always favorables to the tick development. The tick can’t stand the excess of water (over 6 mm/day) of sun radiation, and of temperature (over 30°C). Its development ceases around 15°C. At each season and nearly in all the rearing areas in Guadeloupe, the thermal conditions are suitable for the completion of the tick cycle. A decrease of the parasite populations is observed in January, at a period of short days and relatively cold temperatures. It corresponds to a partial diapause of adults poorly activated in these conditions by hosts stimuli (including C0₂). Free adults may survive 23 months in the fields. Due to a late sexual maturity, and despite a high individual fecundity, the potential of increase an the dispersion power of the population is quite low. However the tick may possibly establish in the Great Antilles and on the mainland, from the Center of Mexico to the South of Brazil. The difficulties encountered to obtain its eradication from the Caribbean focus if this strategy had been decided, appear to be more of socio-economic nature than due to technic and biologie contraints
Dietrich, Muriel. "Diversité et adaptation des parasites : formation de races d'hôtes chez la tique Ixodes uriae." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20063/document.
Full textHost specialization and host-race formation may be key processes in maintaining and generating diversity within parasite populations. The objective of this thesis was to analyze these processes in the seabird tick Ixodes uriae, a common and widely distributed ectoparasite that exploits a great diversity of seabird host species, to better understand the relative role of host-related constraints and geographic factors in its evolution and diversification. I addressed this question using different approaches, including population genetic and phylogeographic analyses, morphometry and field experimentation. Results show that the spatial factor is a key component in shaping the diversity of I. uriae, as four geographical genetically isolated groups exist within the global distribution of this parasite. The formation of host races is also a general process in the evolution of I. uriae, but has evolved to different degrees in different geographical regions. Host preference in the tick, along with mechanical or physiological host-related constraints (e.g., beak morphology, blood digestion, immune response) are likely involved in the evolution of I. uriae host races. Overall, results fall in line with the geographic mosaic theory of evolution that predicts that the outcome of species interactions can vary across geographic landscapes, highlighting the role played by ecological characteristics of the host in the diversification of I. uriae. Given results to date, host specialization may be a common process in tick systems and thus may have strong epidemiological and evolutionary implications for the pathogens that they transmit
Prévot, Pierre-Paul. "Rôles de la protéine Iris dans l'accomplissement du repas sanguin de la tique Ixodes ricinus." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210730.
Full textLa protéine Iris appartient à la famille des inhibiteurs de sérine protéases et présente une homologie significative avec l’inhibiteur d’élastase de leucocytes. Une analyse in silico a confirmé qu’Iris présentait la structure des serpines, et notamment le RCL (Reactive Center Loop), boucle responsable de l’activité anti-protéasique. Comme attendu (sur base de l’analyse in silico), Iris inhibe de manière spécifique l’activité de plusieurs sérine protéases, et en particulier l’élastase de leucocyte. Ces tests effectués, nous avons essayé de comprendre quel(s) pouvai(en)t être le(s) rôle(s) d’Iris dans l’accomplissement du repas sanguin de la tique, c’est à dire dans la lutte contre les différents systèmes de défenses de l’hôte.
Tout d’abord, des tests ont démontré la capacité d’Iris à inhiber les mécanismes de l’hémostase. Des tests sur du plasma et du sang complet ont montré qu’Iris allonge le temps de fibrinolyse, la voie intrinsèque de la coagulation et l’adhésion plaquettaire. L’utilisation de mutants a également démontré que si les deux premières activités sont dépendantes du RCL, et donc d’un mode de fonctionnement anti-protéolytique, l’adhésion plaquettaire est indépendante de ce système. Ce résultat met en évidence l’existence d’autres sites actifs, isolés par analyse in silico, nommés Receptor Binding Domain (RBD).
Un travail antérieur du laboratoire avait permis d’indiquer la capacité de la protéine recombinante Iris semi-purifiée à inhiber la production de TNF-a, d’IL-6, et d’IL-8 (cytokines pro-inflammatoires) ainsi que l’IFN-g par des PBMCs (Peripherical Blood Mononuclear Cells) humaines. Ces résultats ont été confirmés avec de la protéine purifiée. Des analyses complémentaires ont démontré qu’un mutant d’Iris - dépourvu d’activité anti-protéasique - conserve l’activité pro-inflammatoire. Là encore, ce mécanisme semble impliquer un ou plusieurs RBD. L’utilisation d’anticorps dirigés contre ces zones a permis de déterminer le domaine d’interaction (aa :105-120) impliqué dans cette fonction. D’autre part, une analyse par FACS a permis de démontrer qu’Iris interagit uniquement avec les cellules d’origine monocytaire.
Enfin, nous avons également analysé l’importance d’Iris au cours du repas sanguin de la tique par une approche vaccinale. Les résultats observés indiquent que 30 % des tiques nourries sur des lapins immunisés par la protéine rIris ne survivent pas au repas.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Leger, Elsa. "Structure de la communauté d'hôtes et évolution de la spécialisation chez la tique Ixodes ricinus." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13512.
Full textThe degree of host specialization in parasites can greatly modify the nature of interspecific interactions. When parasites are also vectors, their ability to adapt to new hosts and their response to changes in the host community will have important consequences for both their population dynamics and evolution, but may also cascade down to the microparasites they transmit. A first step to better apprehend the importance of this phenomenon for the evolution and ecology of vector-borne disease systems is to study patterns of host-associated genetic divergence across diverse vector populations. We used this approach in the host-vector-pathogen system involving the European tick Ixodes ricinus, its various vertebrate hosts and the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi sl. We predicted that longer established interactions would show stronger patterns of host-associated divergence than more recently established ones. We tested this prediction by combining field samples from a European-wide transect (including both historical and newly colonized zones) and molecular analyses based on 14 microsatellite markers (9 newly developed). As a major obstacle for tackling the question of host associations in the I. ricinus system is determining local host use, we also experimentally tested for biases in molecular host detection. Our results reveal a complex pattern of tick adaptation across the European landscape; host specialization does evolve, but not in a predictable way in relation to the evolutionary age of the interaction. More generally, the results of this thesis highlight that vector ecology (and not just host-pathogen interactions) require careful consideration, if we are to improve our understanding of these systems
Kufner, Roland. "PoeÌsie et poeÌtique sous Henri IV : Pierre de Deimier ( ~1580 - ~1620) et ses contemporains." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425718.
Full textDecrem, Yves. "Etude de l'inhibition des mécanismes d'hémostase par des protéines de glandes salivaires de la tique Ixodes ricinus." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210501.
Full textLe Service de Biologie Moléculaire des Ectoparasites (anciennement Service de Génétique Appliquée) a identifié un grand nombre de séquences d’ARNm induites spécifiquement dans les glandes salivaires de la tique au cours de son repas sanguin. Deux d’entres-elles ont servi de point de départ à ce travail :il s’agit de seq16 (renommée Metis1) et de seq7 (renommée Ir-CPI).
Le travail sur la séquence seq16 a conduit à l’identification d’une nouvelle famille de 5 métalloprotéases (nommée Metis pour Metalloprotease from Ixodes ricinus). L’analyse des séquences a permis de les associer à certaines métalloprotéases hémorragiques de venin de serpent. Bien que les 5 métalloprotéases décrites possèdent toutes les mêmes caractéristiques au niveau de leur séquence et de leur profil d’expression dans les glandes salivaires, les résultats d’analyse phylogénétique, d’étude de variation antigénique, de leur mode d’activation et de leur spécificité d’action permettent de les diviser en 3 sous-familles. L’utilisation de la technique d’ARN interférence en in vivo et l’analyse vaccinale soulignent le rôle essentiel de la famille Metis dans les premières heures du repas de la tique et de manière générale dans la réussite du repas sanguin. Enfin, des études d’activité ont montré que certains membres de la famille ont une activité fibrino(gèno)lytique ;plus particulièrement, la protéine Metis4 possède une activité protéolytique envers la gélatine, la caséine, la fibronectine et le fibrinogène. Ces études ont montré également un mode d’activation original ;plutôt que d’être activée par une pro-séquence en amino-terminal, Metis4 s’active spontanément en perdant un peptide à son extrémité carboxy-terminale.
Le travail sur la séquence seq7 a conduit à la caractérisation d’un nouvel inhibiteur de sérines protéases. Cette protéine, nommée Ir-CPI pour « Ixodes ricinus - Contact Phase Inhibitor », possède un motif kunitz et est capable d’inhiber de manière importante la voie intrinsèque de la coagulation et dans une moindre mesure la fibrinolyse. Grâce à la technique d’ARN interférence, l’activité de la protéine recombinante a été corrélée à l’activité de la protéine native exprimée dans les glandes salivaires. Ir-CPI inhibe dans un plasma humain l’activation réciproque du facteur XII, de la prékallikréine et du facteur XI, et se fixe spécifiquement à la forme activée de ces trois facteurs. De plus, Ir-CPI est capable de bloquer la fibrinolyse en inhibant spécifiquement la plasmine. Enfin, les résultats obtenus sur deux modèles animaux indépendants établissent l’effet d’Ir-CPI comme agent anti-thrombotique en empêchant la formation de caillot et de manière remarquable sans altérer l'équilibre hémostatique.
En conclusion, ce travail a identifié des protéines anti-hémostatiques qui agissent soit comme inhibiteur de protéases empêchant la coagulation soit comme protéases facilitant la lyse du caillot. Cette redondance de protéines anti-hémostatiques illustre remarquablement la capacité de la tique à agir en synergie sur des facteurs essentiels aux mécanismes de défense de l’hôte.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Thackray, Joan Anne. "Debussy's 'l'arithmeÌtique du son' : an exploration of the compositional idea in the String Quartet, op. 10." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440077.
Full textKunze, Daniela Lindenmeyer. "La metapo?sie d?Andr?e Chedid et la cr?ation d?un art po?tique contemporain." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6473.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T17:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_DANIELA_LINDENMEYER_KUNZE_COMPLETO.pdf: 1476300 bytes, checksum: 8c8f10a4e36acc8d28e6f8898e392293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-14
La m?tapo?sie d'Andr?e Chedid et la cr?ation d'un art po?tique contemporain a pour objectif de r?v?ler et d?analyser la po?tique de l?auteure francophone Andr?e Chedid ? travers ses po?mes consacr?s ? l?analyse de la po?sie et de la cr?ation po?tique ? des m?tapo?mes. Auteure de po?sie, roman, nouvelle et pi?ce de th??tre, son oeuvre est reconnue en France par des nombreux prix litt?raires. Son ?criture po?tique est marqu?e par deux aspects majeurs : la pr?sence dans sa po?sie des traces du multiculturalisme et de la relation interculturelle qui sont influences de sa propre vie, et la pr?sence au sein de sa po?tique de la tendance critique qu?elle met en oeuvre dans sa m?tapo?sie. Int?grant une g?n?ration de po?tes fran?ais tr?s pench?e sur une po?sie critique, sa m?tapo?sie se d?tache encore de celles de ses contemporains par son abondance et par la richesse de ses propos. Tous les livres de la po?te pr?sentent des r?flexions m?tapo?tiques et la plupart affichent des titres r?v?lateurs (Textes pour un po?me, Po?mes pour un texte, Par del? les mots, Territoires du souffle et Rythmes) de la place qu?elle donne ? la critique dans la totalit? de son oeuvre po?tique. Critique qui, par les d?finitions de po?sie, de po?tique d'une mani?re g?n?rale et de sa propre po?tique, peut ?tre compar?e ? la celle de Paul Val?ry et ? celles des po?tes contemporains de langue fran?aise. Chedid est un exemple, alors, de po?te critique, selon la tradition fran?aise d'une critique litt?raire produite par des po?tes. Compte tenu de cette richesse et du grand nombre des m?tapo?mes de l'auteure, il est possible de penser ? la r?union des exemplaires les plus expressifs dans un ensemble constituant l?art po?tique d'Andr?e Chedid. Art po?tique, dans la connotation moderne et contemporaine que ce terme a re?ue ? comme un ensemble illustratif du regard critique du po?te envers l'?criture po?tique. Cette th?se s?ach?ve ainsi avec la proposition de ce qui pour nous serait son art po?tique, y r?alisant notre objectif premier de pr?senter et d?analyser les conceptions de Chedid sur la po?sie, le po?me et la fonction du po?te.
La m?tapo?sie d?Andr?e Chedid et la cr?ation d?un art po?tique contemporain [A metapoesia de Andr?e Chedid e a cria??o de uma arte po?tica contempor?nea] tem como objetivo revelar e analisar a po?tica da escritora franc?fona Andr?e Chedid, dando destaque a seus poemas dedicados ? an?lise da poesia e da cria??o po?tica ? os metapoemas. Autora de poemas, romances, contos e pe?as de teatro, o seu trabalho ? reconhecido na Fran?a por in?meros pr?mios liter?rios. Sua escrita po?tica ? marcada por dois aspectos principais: a presen?a de tra?os do multiculturalismo e da rela??o intercultural que ela estabelece entre as suas ra?zes culturais e a tend?ncia cr?tica presente no seio de sua proposta l?rica ? revelada em sua metapoesia. Mesmo fazendo parte de uma gera??o de poetas franceses extremamente l?cidos quanto ? poesia e ao fazer po?tico, sua metapoesia destaca-se da de seus contempor?neos pela abund?ncia e pela riqueza das reflex?es cr?ticas inseridas nos metapoemas. Todos os livros de Chedid possuem uma quantidade significativa de metapoemas, e suas preocupa??es com quest?es metapo?ticas e metaliter?rias revela-se na escolha dos titulos de quase todos os seus livros (Textes pour un po?me, Po?mes pour un texte, Par del? les mots, Territoires du souffle e Rythmes). Por suas defini??es de poesia, de po?tica de uma maneira geral, e de seu pr?prio fazer po?tico, sua obra metapo?tica pode ser comparada com a cr?tica de Paul Val?ry e a dos poetas contempor?neos de l?ngua francesa. Chedid ?, com isso, um exemplo de poeta cr?tica segundo a tradi??o francesa de uma cr?tica liter?ria escrita por poetas. Dada esta riqueza cr?tica, e os in?meros metapoemas da autora, ? poss?vel pensar na reuni?o dos exemplares mais expressivos em um conjunto que constitui a arte po?tica Chedid. Po?tica ? aqui entendida nas conota??es moderna e contempor?nea que esse termo tem recebido ? como um conjunto ilustrativo dos princ?pios cr?ticos mobilizados pelo autor ao escrever seus poemas. Esta tese se conclui com a proposta do que para n?s seria a sua arte po?tica, alcan?ando o nosso primeiro objetivo nesta tese: apresentar e analisar como Chedid apresenta, na sua l?rica, o poema e a fun??o do poeta.
Parola, Philippe. "Approche moléculaire de l'épidémiologie des rickettsioses et ehrlichioses transmises par les tiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20658.pdf.
Full textMaître, Apolline. "Modulating the vector microbiota for the control of vector-borne pathogens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Maisons-Alfort, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENVA0005.
Full textThe Corsican livestock population, composed of sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, is mainly raised in extensive farming systems. Frequent interactions between livestock, wildlife and human populations can favor the circulation of ticks and tick-borne microorganisms. A high prevalence of tick-borne bacteria of the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae has been reported in goats (Anaplasma ovis), sheep (A. ovis), cattle (Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Ehrlichia minasensis) and ticks (Rickettsia spp.) in Corsica. Some of these bacteria (e.g., A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia sp.) are zoonotic and pathogenic to humans. Currently, there are no preventive measures for the control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. The tick microbiome is a very complex set of interacting microorganisms that impact tick physiology and vector competence. Recently, we have shown that tick microbiota vaccines can produce high mortality in ticks during feeding. Anti-microbiota vaccines can also modulate the tick microbiome and thus can be used as a tool to control the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. In this project, we will use next-generation sequencing of 16S amplicons to study the taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbiome of Rhipicephalus bursa and Hyalomma marginatum, the main pathogen-vector ticks in cattle in Corsica. Using co-occurrence networks and high-throughput pathogen detection, we will then identify keystone bacteria interacting with the detected tick-borne pathogens. The keystone bacteria will be used to formulate antimicrobial vaccines to block pathogen acquisition and/or transmission
Morel, Olivier. "Étude des relations entre les Coxiella endosymbiotiques, leurs hôtes tique et C. burnetii, l'agent de la Fièvre Q." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1241/document.
Full textAmong arthropods, ticks are the most important vectors of pathogens in terms of diversity and are the leading cause of transmission of vector-borne diseases in Europe and North America. While these pathogens are the most studied, ticks also harbor other symbionts that contribute significantly to their phenotype. Recently many symbiotic bacteria have been described in ticks. Among them, bacteria exhibiting strong homology with Coxiella burnetii have been discovered. Unlike C. burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella-Like Endosymbiont (Coxiella-LE) seems unable to infect other hosts than ticks. They are among the most widespread maternally-inherited symbionts in tick species and could play an important role in their biology. Coxiella-LE may indeed have a nutritional role by synthesizing B vitamins and cofactors absent from their host's diet. To understand the interaction between Coxiella-LE and their hosts, my thesis work focused on the evolution of the Coxiella genus. For this purpose, phylogenetic analyzes and comparative genomic approaches have been carried out. I have participated in the establishment of the phylogeny of the Coxiella genus by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), which highlights the diversity of this bacterial genus. Interestingly C. burnetii emerges within one of these clads of tick endosymbiotic bacteria, which may suggest a recent transition towards pathogenicity. Two new genomes of Coxiella-LE were sequenced to perform comparative genomic analyses. All Coxiella genomes studied, including those of C. burnetii, possess the genes encoding for the biosynthesis of B vitamins and cofactors, as usually found in nutritional symbionts of blood-sucking arthropods. This result strengthens the idea of an important role of Coxiella-LE for their host ticks and, according to the phylogeny, the common ancestor of these bacteria was therefore a mutualistic tick endosymbiont. However, traces of genes involved in the virulence of C. burnetii have been found in genomes belonging to distinct clads of Coxiella-LE, which rather indicate recurrent losses of virulence. Moreover, different levels of genomic erosion are found in the genomes of Coxiella-LE studied, which could indicate different transitions towards the mutualistic way of life. Such recurrent transfers would explain the absence of cocladogenesis between Coxiella-LE and their host phylogeny, an uncommon feature for an obligatory symbiont. As several maternally-inherited symbionts can be found in ticks, the second axis of my thesis has focused on the impact of co-infections. For this purpose, a population of ticks belonging to the species Dermacentor marginatus was studied. This species is frequently infected with Coxiella-LE, Rickettsia and Spiroplasma bacteria and different infection status can be observed in individuals from a single population. No competition has been demonstrated between these bacteria, since none interferes with the transmission and density of the others. However, in case of triple infection, the fitness of the host appears greatly reduced with a significant reduction in size (10%). Since vertical transmission of these symbionts is incomplete, understanding how these symbionts and co-infections are maintained despite this significant cost remains an open question. If the symbiotic strategies of these symbionts are still unknown, it is likely that their transmission is not only maternal, but also horizontal [etc…]
Degeilh, Brigitte. "Anthropozoonoses et arthropodes hematophages : ecoepidemiologie de la borreliose de lyme ; contribution a l'etude de son vecteur principal, ixodes ricinus, en zone d'influence atlantique, en france metropolitaine." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN1B017.
Full textPereira, de Oliveira Rémi. "Mécanismes de transmission vectorielle du virus de la Peste Porcine Africaine et facteurs influençant cette transmission : étude de différentes associations tique-virus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG013.
Full textThere is currently no vaccine available to control African Swine Fever (ASF), one of the most important swine diseases that ravages Africa, Europe and Asia. To fight the ASF virus (ASFV) that induces infectious disease, understanding the different modes of transmission is essential to apply adequate sanitary measures. One mode of transmission is through the bite of an infected tick. The main objective of my thesis was to understand the mechanisms and factors that determine the vectorial competence of the Ornithodoros soft ticks for ASFV. First, this thesis project showed that the ticks present in Europe are not competent for the strains currently circulating in Eurasia, but can maintain the virus for several months and be infectious to pigs, at least by ingestion. This study also showed that dissemination of ASFV inside ticks towards transmission organs is not enough and must be completed by a sufficient level of viral replication to allow transmission. However, our results also suggest the existence of other factors, partially unknown, that modulate each of these stages. A comparative analysis of two ASFV genomes with different vectorial transmission patterns showed several genetic differences, which may contribute to determining vector competence. In addition, a preliminary study conducted in this PhD project demonstrated that the infection of ticks with ASFV induced modulation of some antimicrobial peptides, highlighting that there is an interaction at the molecular level between the tick and the ASFV. All these results were discussed in regard to potential risks for the establishment of a tick-suid transmission cycle and the implementation of appropriate sanitary measures in these peculiar areas
Biguezoton, Abel Sènagbè. "Invasion biologique & écologie de la santé vétérinaire : le cas des communautés de tiques et pathogènes associés au Bénin et au Burkina Faso à l’heure de leur invasion par la tique du bétail Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT115/document.
Full textWest Africa is undergoing fast spread of the cattle tick associated with highest economic losses worldwide: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, which was accidentally introduced in Benin and Côte d'Ivoire in early 2000s. In 2011, Burkinabe farmers complain about the impossibility of controlling very large infestations of their cattle by ticks (causing morbidity and loss of livestock weight): results of R. microplus infestation. This thesis has two key objectives for the determination of animal health protection measures. The first is to understand the mechanisms involved in this invasion by population genetic tools (e.g. tests of the existence of privileged invasions corridors, genetic structure of tick populations, population size estimates between introduction areas and invasion front, distance of gene flow by tick generation). Coupling these informations with those of resistance to the common acaricides used in farming will allow assessing of the most control strategies to stop current invasion. The second is to anticipate the impact of the invasion on the epidemiology of pathogens vectored by cattle ticks. It will be here first to assess the impact of the presence / absence of R. microplus (vector of Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale) on the native cattle ticks’ communities
Leboulle, Gérard. "Modulation des défenses de l'hôte par la tique ixodes ricinus :Isolement, caractérisation moléculaire et étude de l'activité biologique de protéines salivaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211445.
Full textCicculli, Vincent. "Holis-Tick : Identification et maitrise des maladies vectorielles transmises par les tiques en Corse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://hal-univ-corse.archives-ouvertes.fr/view_by_stamp.php?&action_todo=view&id.
Full textRecent years have witnessed the public health burden of the emergence of tick-borne diseases. These strict hematophagous arthropod parasites are currently the primary vectors of disease in humans in the northern hemisphere, and the primary vectors of diseases in animals worldwide before mosquitoes. Corsica has a privileged environment for the study of tick-borne diseases, including a warm subtropical climate on the western side, micro-climates due to numerous geological and vegetation stratification, numerous avian migration corridors, as well as numerous exchanges due to its cultural heritage and mass tourism, between wild fauna, domestic animals and human populations. These characteristics provide a favourable environment for a wide variety of ticks. Moreover, some tick species present in Corsica have already started to migrate to Europe due to global climate change. The objective of this initiative is to make use of Corsica as a sentinel area to prepare for epidemics of tick-borne diseases. Indeed, by identifying and preparing for epidemics that may be caused by tick-borne pathogens in Corsica, notably by creating rapidly deployed diagnostic tools. Our results showed that Corsica possesses a high diversity of ticks, which is reflected in the diversity of bacterial and viral pathogens found. We recognised 8 different species of ticks carrying about 10 bacterial pathogens of the genus Rickettsia spp. Anaplasma spp, Ehrlichia spp and Borrelia spp. The collection of more than 8,000 ticks tested for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus, allowed us to conclude that Corsica is not a Hotpost for this virus, despite the presence of its vector tick. We have detected the Jingmen Tick virus, a new virus associated with febrile symptoms in humans, and created a rapid detection system able to detect all the viruses of the Jingmen Tick virus group.We were therefore able to characterise a new virus, itself belonging to a new group of Phleboviruses, in the genus Uukuvirus, and analyses are underway to understand its mechanisms and pathogenicity. Through this thesis we are establishing the basis for a generic response that can be implemented in the fight against future epidemics on a European scale
Marchal, Claire. "Inflammation cutanée et borréliose de Lyme : rôle de l'immunité innée et de la tique dans la transmission à l'homme de Borrelia burgdorferi." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6198.
Full textLyme disease is an arthropod borne disease transmitted by a hard tick, Ixodes spp. , and caused by a spirochetal bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. It is a zoonotic organism that occurs between an arthropod, the tick and a vertebrate host. The disease prevails mainly in the Northern hemisphere. Infection by this organism induces multiple and varied symptoms : articular, neurologic, cutaneous and cardiatis attacks. The tick Ixodes is a hemotaphagous arthropod that had to attach during 4 to 8 days on the vertebrate host in order to feed to repletion. To secure the attachment and susceptibility of reservoir hosts for future tick infestations, the vector inject saliva which possesses not only pharmacologic properties but immunomodulatory too. Among these tick saliva proteins, Salp15 is a major immunomodulatory protein of I. Scapularis. It inhibits T lymphocyte activation by biding to the CD4 co-receptor, and inhibits adaptive immune responses by suppressing human dendritic cell functions. In addition, Salp15 binds to B. Burgdorferi outer surface protein (Osp) C and protect the bacteria against host antibodies. In vector-borne diseases, the interface skin has a very important role. We therefore analyzed the role of resident cells of the skin: the keratinocytes (KCs) and fibroblasts (FBs) in inflammation. Innate immunity induced skin antimicrobial peptides (PAMs) that kill a wide range of pathogens which have chemotactic and angiogenic activities. We have demonstrated that KCs incubated in vitro with B. Burgdorferi induce an inflammatory response (chemokine and PAMs). We then studied the effect of immunosuppressive potential of extracts of salivary glands and protein tick, Salp15 of I. Ricinus. We found that they inhibit the inflammatory response with effect anti-alarmin. This immunosuppressive effect could facilitate the transmission and propagation of Borrelia. Then, we studied the role of FBs, skin cells in Lyme borreliosis. We have shown that Borrelia induces the expression of some metalloproteinases (MMPs), during the cooperation between KCs and FBs. The bacteria may then migrate through the ECM of the skin and spread. Finally we studied the interaction of KCs with different species of B. Burgdorferi : B. Garinii, B. Burgdorferi ss and B. Afzelii or different strains to study the possible role of the skin in organ specimens of Borrelia
Koffi, Basile Brou. "La tique tropicale du bétail Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en Nouvelle Calédonie : interactions avec ses hôtes domestique (Bos taurus) et sauvage (Cervus timorensis russa) et conséquences évolutives." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20200.
Full textSilva, Josiana Aparecida da. "Modalizadores epist?micos parent?ticos na fala de Chapec?/SC." Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, 2014. https://localhost:443/handle/prefix/54.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T20:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SILVA.pdf: 1899086 bytes, checksum: 23ac90450ede71ceac03b9817373cf10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14
Baseada na perspectiva te?rica do Funcionalismo Lingu?stico de cunho norte-americano, segundo Hopper (1987), Giv?n (1995), Bybee (2003) e outros, esta disserta??o investigou o uso dos marcadores discursivos sei l? e eu acho (e suas varia??es) na fala de 32 informantes chapecoenses, monol?ngues em portugu?s. Os dados s?o oriundos de entrevistas de Chapec?/Santa Catarina do banco VARSUL (Varia??o Lingu?stica Urbana do Sul do Pa?s) e do projeto VMPOSC (Varia??o e Mudan?a no Portugu?s do Oeste de Santa Catarina). O primeiro conta com entrevistas de 24 informantes e o segundo, que se encontra em fase de coleta, com entrevistas de 8 informantes. O estudo partiu da perspectiva de Rosa (1992), para quem estes itens s?o marcadores de atenua??o e veiculam, sobretudo, a modaliza??o epist?mica, isto ?, podem apontar falta de certeza ou convic??o do enunciador sobre seu enunciado. Tamb?m foi efetuado levantamento em estudos sobre os itens no Portugu?s Brasileiro, segundo Freitag (2000; 2003; 2004), Votre (2004), Oliveira & Santos (2011), Galembeck & Carvalho (1997), entre outros. O levantamento de sei l? e eu acho, como parent?ticos epist?micos, aponta maior frequ?ncia de uso do primeiro nas duas amostras investigadas. A an?lise atenta dos itens em seus contextos de uso revelou que, embora haja varia??o na apresenta??o formal dos itens, sei l? e eu acho s?o as formas mais frequentes nas duas amostras. A partir do estabelecimento do dom?nio funcional da modaliza??o epist?mica parent?tica, verificamos que os itens se especializam em determinados contextos de uso: sei l? desempenha fun??es de atenua??o e de planejamento verbal; e eu acho exerce fun??o de opini?o. Um olhar mais apurado das amostras tamb?m mostrou que a fun??o de d?vida ? somente aparentemente compartilhada pelos itens. Dentre os contextos lingu?sticos e extralingu?sticos (sociais) que postulamos influenciarem os usos destes itens, destacamos: sequ?ncia discursiva, t?pico discursivo, envolvimento do falante com o t?pico discursivo, complexidade do t?pico discorrido, sexo/g?nero, faixa et?ria e escolaridade. Por fim, apontamos poss?veis especializa??es para os itens a partir da perspectiva do processo de gramaticaliza??o, segundo Traugott (1995), Hopper (1991), entre outros.
Bas?e sur la perspective th?orique du Fonctionnalisme Linguistique de caract?re am?ricain, selon Hopper (1987), Giv?n (1995), Bybee (2003) et d'autres, cette m?moire de master a ?tudi? l'usage des marqueurs discursifs sei l? et eu acho (et leurs variations) dans le discours de 32 informateurs chapecoenses monolingues en portugais. Les donn?es sont originaires des entretiens de Chapec?/Santa Catarina de la banque VARSUL (Varia??o Lingu?stica Urbana do Sul do Pa?s) et du projet VMPOSC (Varia??o e Mudan?a no Portugu?s do Oeste de Santa Catarina). Le premier comprend 24 entretiens et le deuxi?me, qui est en phase de collecte, 8 entretiens. L'?tude a pris comme point de d?part la perspective de Rosa (1992), qui d?fend que ces ?l?ments soient des marqueurs d'att?nuation et portent, surtout, sur la modalit? ?pist?mique, cela veut dire, ils peuvent signaler le manque de certitude ou conviction de l'?nonciateur par rapport ? son ?nonc?. On a ?galement s?lectionn? des ?tudes au sujet de sei l? et eu acho dans le Portugais Br?silien selon Freitag (2000, 2003, 2004), Votre (2004), Oliveira & Santos (2011), Galembeck & Carvalho (1997), entre autres. La v?rification de sei l? et eu acho comme parenth?tiques ?pist?miques montre que le premier est plus fr?quent dans les deux ?chantillons ?tudi?s. Une analyse minutieuse des ?l?ments dans leurs contextes d'usage a r?v?l? que, bien qu'il existe des variations dans la pr?sentation formelle des ?l?ments, sei l? et eu acho sont les formes les plus fr?quentes dans les deux ?chantillons. ? partir de l'?tablissement du domaine fonctionnel de la modalit? ?pist?mique parenth?tiques, on a constat? que les ?l?ments se sp?cialisent dans certains contextes d'usage : sei l? remplit les fonctions d'att?nuation et de planification verbale ; et eu acho exerce fonction d'opinion. Un examen plus attentif des ?chantillons a ?galement montr? que la fonction de doute n'est qu'apparemment partag?e par les marqueurs. Parmi les contextes linguistiques et extralinguistiques (sociaux) que l'on postule influencer les usages de ces marqueurs on souligne : le genre discursif, le sujet du discours, l'engagement de l'?nonciateur avec le sujet du discours, la complexit? du sujet discouru, le sexe/genre, le groupe d'?ge et la scolarit?. Enfin, on indique les sp?cialisations possibles pour les ?l?ments de la perspective de la grammaticalisation, selon Traugott (1995), Hopper (1991), entre autres.
Alves, Helvio Leite. "Estudo epidemiologico e clinico dos tiques e da sindrome Gilles de la Tourette em uma amostra da população de Indaiatuba." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309078.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T17:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_HelvioLeite_M.pdf: 10807901 bytes, checksum: f0e042663aac327d0c339f6540a1c7c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998
Resumo: A síndrome de Gilles de La Tourette (S.GL T) e os Transtornos dos Tiques representam eventos de ordem familiar, caracterizados por apresentarem movimentos involuntários e/ou vocalizações, com elevada incidência de transtornos de comportamento associados. Na SGLT os sintomas comórbidos mais comuns são o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e Tr~storno do Sono, ainda apresentando elevada incidência de psicopatologia familiar. Com objetivo de determinar a prevalência da SGLT/Transtorno dos Tiques, e a incidência dos transtornos de comportamento e da psicopatologia familiar associados, estudamos, no período de 1992 a 1997, uma amostra de 762 sujeitos (286 do sexo masculino e 376 do sexo feminino) com idades variando de 6 a 43 anos extraída de uma população de 10155 sujeitos, com idade variando de 3 a 56 anos, os quais foram submetidos a um questionário envolvendo a presença dos tipos mais comuns de tiques motores e sonoros, simples e complexos. Quinhentos e noventa (590) questionários foram entregues com respostas em branco; 9565 sujeitos (4614 do sexo masculino e 4951 do sexo feminino) devolveram o questionário sendo que 3354 sujeitos (1671 do sexo masculino e 1683 do sexo feminino); 33,02% tiveram respostas positivas para tiques. Destes 3354 sujeitos solicitados a comparecerem para entrevista, 762 sujeitos (286 do sexo masculino e 376 do sexo feminino) o fizeram. Baseado nos critérios DSM-IlI-R da Associação Americana de Psiquiatria e da Tourette Syndrome Association, encontramo? 42 sujeitos (31 do sexo masculino e 11 do sexo feminino) obtendo uma prevalência total de 43/1 0000 ou 0,43% sendo a prevalência para o sexo masculino e 67/10000 ou 0,67% e prevalência para o sexo feminino de 22/10000 ou 0,22% numa relação masculino/feminino de 3:1. A prevalência total para Transtorno do Tique Crônico Múltiplo foi de 1,43% para sexo masculino e de 0,98% para o sexo feminino e a prevalência para ambos os sexos foi de 1,3%; para Transtorno do Tique Crônico Simples de 0,9%, para Transtorno de Tique Transitório sendo de 0,19%, e para a Síndrome de Gilles de La Tourette provável 0,052%. A prevalência total para SGL T e demais transtornos dos tiques nestes estudo foi de 2,91 %. Não houve participação de classe especial neste estudo. Os 42 sujeitos com SGLT foram seguidos por período médio de 4 anos e 6 meses, tendo sido os casos considerados leves e moderados em sua severidade e estando livre de sintomas no final deste período 5 pacientes (12,5%). Os transtornos do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, sintomatologia obsessivocompulsiva e transtornos de sono, ocorreram em 57%, 42,86% e 73,8% respectivamente, nos pacientes com SGLT e em 5,06%, 8,44% e 38,4% respectivamente, nos demais transtornos dos tiques. 90% dos pacientes com SGLT tiveram história positiva para tiques nos familiares primários e/ou secundários. Nos transtornos dos tiques, 43,42% e 13,84% dos pacientes tiveram história positiva nos familiares primários e secundários respectivamente. História positiva para a psicopatologia incluindo o alcoolismo, esquizofrenia e sintomatologia obsessivo-compulsivo, foram relevantes particularmente nos familiares secundários dos pacientes com SGLT e demais transtornos dos tiques
Abstract: Gilles de La Tourette's syndrome (TS) and Tic Disorders represent events of familiar magnitude characterized by involuntary movements and/or vocalization, withhigh incidence of associated comorbid behavioral disorders as Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity disorder, obsessive - compulsive behavior and sleep disorders. Also reported by previous studies is the high incidences of familiar psychopathology. To determine the prevalence of Tourette's syndrome and correlated tic disorders, the presence ofassociated behavioral disorders and associated familiar psychopathology, we studied a sample of 762 subjects (286 males, 376 females), age ranging from 6 years old to 43 years old taken from a population of 10155 subjects (4918 males, 5237 females; age ranging: 3 to 56 years old). They were submitted a structured four item questionnaire containing the most common motor and vocal tics. 590 questionnaires were retumed without answers. 9565 subjects (4614 males, 4951 females) sent back the questionnaires, 3354 (33,02 %) of these (1671 males, 1683 females) with positive answers to tics. AlI 3354 subjects were invited to direct interview after a period longer than one year. Of these, 762 (286 males, 376 females) were present for direct interview. Following diagnostic criteria research of the Third Diagnostic Statistic Manual Revised (DSM-ill-R) of the American Association of Psychiatry and endorsed by the Tourette's Syndrome Association, 42 subjects (31 males, 11 females, age ranging: 7 to 21 years old, mean: 11 years old) met these cri teria. Thus, the total prevalence for Tourette's syndrome in this study is 43/10000 or 0,43 %, with prevalence of 67/1 0000 or 0,67 % for males and 22/10000 for females with a 3: 1 ratio male/female. The prevalence for Chronic Multiple Tic Disorder is 1,43 % for males and 0,98 % for females with a prevalence for both sexes of 1,3 %; for Chronic Single Tic Disorder is 0,9 %; 0,19 % for Transient Tic Disorder; 0,052 % for probable Tourette's syndrome. The total prevalence for Tourette's syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders in this study is 2,91 %. There were no participation of special c1ass students. The mean follow - up period of Tourette's patients was 4 years, 6 months, and alI the cases were considered to be of none, mild or moderate severity by YGTSS (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale). After this time, 5 patients (12,5 %) were symptoms free. We didn't find neither marked nor severely affected patients. Attentional déficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive - compulsive behavior and sleep disorders were observed in 57 %, 42,86 % and 73,8 %, respectively, in Tourette's patients and in 5,06 %, 8,44 % and 38,4 % respectively, in the other Tic Disorders group. 90 % of Tourette's patients had positive history of tics in fathers, mothers, brothers and/or relatives. 43,42 % and 18,84 % of Tic Disorders group had positive history in their primary and secondary families. Psychopathology positive history including alcoholism, schizophrenia, obsessivecompulsive behavior .and suicide were relevant particularly involving secondary families of both Tourette's and Tic Disorder's grou
Mestrado
Mestre em Neurociencias
Scebba, Salvatore. "Contributo dell'attività motoria a secco e dell'idrokinesi nella diabesità." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1289.
Full textRené, Magalie. "Étude du rôle vecteur de Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. dans la transmission des babésioses canines en France : prévalence parasitaire, diversité génétique des vecteurs et épidémiologie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10044/document.
Full textStudy on Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks and their potential role in the transmission of canine babesiosis in France: prevalence of parasite infections, vector genetic diversity and epidemiology. Canine babesiosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by protozoa of the genera Babesia and Theileria transmitted by ticks including Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Although R. sanguineus is a major tick species in southern France, its role in the transmission of the disease in this area remain unknown. Moreover, the taxonomic status of R. sanguineus is controversial and needs to be clarified. The aims of this work were to characterize (i) the ticks R. sanguineus s.l. that parasitize dogs in different areas of southern France, (ii) the Babesia/Theileria species potentially transmitted by these ticks in this area and (iii) the impact of genetic variations and/or co-infections on vector competence. A total of 140 dog bloods and 588 R. sanguineus s.l. were collected from 2010 to 2012 from which all dogs bloods and 242 ticks were screened using specific PCR, PCRRFLP and sequencing. B. vogeli and B. canis DNA were evidenced in 13.6% and 12.9% of dogs and in 10.7% and 1.7% of R. sanguineus ticks respectively with sometimes significant prevalence differences between areas. A single case of T. annae infection was detected in a dog. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyzes performed at a global scale on 12S and 16S mt-rDNA for ticks and 18S rDNA for B. vogeli confirmed the affiliation of R. sanguineus from France with “temperate” species and suggested the existence of a coevolution process between the pathogen and its vector. This work provides new information on the epidemiology of canine babesiosis in France and supports the existence of at least two populations in the R. sanguineus group in the world with possible different vector competences
McCoy, Karen D. "Conséquences de la dispersion dans les systèmes hôtes-parasites : dynamique des populations, structure génétique, et adaptation locale chez un parasite d'oiseaux marins, la tique Ixodes uriae." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066336.
Full textStaszewski, Vincent. "Immuno-écologie et interactions hôte-parasite : cas du système oiseaux de mer-tique Ixodes uriae et agent de la maladie de Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066081.
Full textTaking into account the ecological context of host parasite interactions may be important to consider when examining trade offs between immune responses and the other needs of the organism. Ecological factors likely to affect exposure risk and the response to parasitism will ultimately affect the dynamics of biodiversity in host-parasite systems. Taking these aspects into account is thus necessary in order to define adequate public health policies and epidemiological risk models
Leckman, James Frederick. "Fenomenologia e história natural da síndrome de Tourette: breve resumo da pesquisa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-05052014-105233/.
Full textThe phenomenology of Tourette syndrome is complex. Although overt motor and vocal tics are the defining features of Tourette syndrome, many individuals report experiencing sensory \"urges,\" which are often difficult to describe. The natural history of this condition is also variable, with some individuals experiencing a marked reduction in tics by the end of the second decade of life while others go on to have a lifelong condition. The aim of this thesis was three-fold: (1) to develop a valid and reliable clinical rating instrument; (2) to investigate the sensory phenomena associated with Tourette syndrome; and (3) to document the course of tic severity over the course of the first two decades of life. Each of these three studies involved groups of patients with Tourette syndrome or a chronic tic disorder and each of these studies has been published in a peer-reviewed journal. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) has excellent psychometric properties that have been independently replicated. It has also emerged as the most widely used clinician-rated tic severity scale in randomized clinical trials around the world. Sensory phenomena, particularly premonitory urges, are commonly reported among individuals with Tourette syndrome by the age of 10 years. There is considerable overlap with the sensory phenomena described by individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Tics usually have their onset in the first decade of life. They then follow a waxing and waning course and a changing repertoire of tics. As documented in the third study, for a majority of patients the period of worst tic severity usually falls between the ages of 7 and 15 years of age, after which tic severity gradually declines. This falloff in tic symptoms is consistent with available epidemiological data that indicate a much lower prevalence of Tourette syndrome among adults than children. This decline in tic severity has been confirmed in subsequent studies. In summary, incremental progress is being made in our efforts to characterize the phenomenology and natural history of Tourette syndrome. Revisions to the YGTSS should be considered. Significant advances have been made in measuring the premonitory urges associated with Tourette syndrome. The neurobiological underpinnings of the phenomenology and natural history of Tourette syndrome are currently underway in an effort to identify prognostic indicators
Hounie, Ana Gabriela. ""Transtornos do espectro obsessivo-compulsivo e febre reumática : um estudo de transmissão familiar"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-14102003-105616/.
Full textSummary Hounie, A.G. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and rheumatic fever: a family study. São Paulo, 2003. 174p. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. Rheumatic fever (RF) is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Some studies support the notion that RF be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) independent of its manifestations on the central nervous system (eg., Sydenhams Chorea - SC). OCD is often accompanied by other disorders, which are known as obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD), such as Tourette syndrome (TS), chronic tic disorder (CTD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Some of those putative OCSD seem to share a genetic relationship. An OCD subgroup is genetically related to TS, being considered an alternative phenotype. A recent OCD family study found higher rates of BDD and tic disorders among first-degree relatives (FDR) of OCD probands. This is a family study that assessed the frequency of OCD and OCSD in first-degree relatives of RF probands (with and without SC) in order to verify if there was aggregation of those disorders in RF families. We assessed 98 probands and their 381 first-degree relatives. Of the 98 probands, 31 had RF without SC, 28 had RF with SC and 39 were controls without RF recruited in an orthopedic clinic. Trained interviewers assessed subjects with semi-structured interviews (KSADS and SCID). Clinical vignettes were elaborated and evaluated by independent psychiatrists that assigned best estimate diagnosis. These raters were blind to subject status regarding group and if they were probands or relatives. Comparisons between frequencies of disorders were done with Fisher and chi-square tests, generalized estimated equations (GEE), and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Results were considered statistically significant if their level of significance was less or equal to 0.05 (p, two-tailed). OCSD combined were more frequent in FDR of RF probands (with or without SC) than in FDR of controls (p=0.03). CTD was more frequent in FDR of SC probands than FDR of controls (p=0.05). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was more frequent in FDR of RF probands than in FDR of controls (p=0.008). Subdividing probands based on the presence of an OCSD, tic disorders combined (GEE, p=0.01), BDD (GEE, p=0.02), GAD (x2=0.004), and OCSD combined (GEE, p=0.02) were more frequent in FDR of RF probands with an OCSD than in FDR of controls. OCSD were also more frequent (non-significantly, p=0.09) in FDR of RF probands without an OCSD than in FDR of controls. RF in the probands increased the risk of OCSD in their family members. This risk was even higher if the proband had RF plus an OCSD. It is possible that a subgroup of RF is associated to OCSD and susceptibility factors linked to RF and to OCSD may have an additive effect. Therefore RF may be a risk factor for OCSD.
Massart, Clemence. "Les processus d’écologisation entre santé et environnement : le cas de la maladie de Lyme." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH012/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how a range of definitions of a complex and emerging disease, the Lyme disease, are currently being constructed in many places. These definitions sometimes compete and sometimes develop separately ; they are sometimes widely disseminated and sometimes circumscribed in discrete places. To understand this diversity, I use the concept of « practice » as developed by Stengers (2006). A practice is defined by two sides : obligations, which refer to the specific way in which practitioners relate to the object or being they seek to learn something about ; demands, which generate exclusions and draw boudaries between practices. This framework applies to groups of different sizes and natures, and to non-humans beings. The first part of the thesis situates the Lyme disease among other diseases and clarifies its differences with the « environmental diseases » caused by industrial pollutions. As an infectious disease transmitted by a tick and with a wildlife reservoir, the Lyme disease rather presents the features of an « ecological disease » that renews the attribution of responsibilities, management modes, the nature of entities that are incriminated and identity of practitioners involved. This statement led me to the hypothesis of an « ecologization of health problems » : environmental issues are introduced in other domains. I examined this thematic ecologization through the « ecologization of practices », which Stengers defines as a mode of relation between practices where exclusions are replaced by coordinations in order to produce new, dynamic and transversal knowledge. The second part presents the practices of four groups of practitioners : persons with chronic Lyme disease who exchange on the Internet, infectious disease specialists, tick specialists and specialists of population genetics. The analysis shows the existence of two discussion spaces characterized by distinct relationships : in the first one, which is medical, diagnosis and cure-oriented, definitions of the disease oppose one another while they overlap in the second space, which is environmental, epidemiological and prevention-oriented. There are few relations between these two spaces. The third part focuses on the interactions between practitioners. Through a work group, a place, a concept and diagnosis techniques, I scrutinize how environmental and medical practices actually encounter one another. Most collaborations between environmental and medical practitioners concern the prevention of the disease. Yet, the ecological knowledge of the sick persons has a potential for another elaboration of the diagnosis of these diseases. The analysis shows that frictions appear when practitioners relate differently to a same being. On the contrary, there is sympathy between practitioners who relate similarly to different beings. Rather than an « ecologization of the health sector », this thesis shows a process of « sanitarization of ecology ». Indeed, the practitioners related to ecology are those who become involved in the emerging infectious diseases issues. The knowledge they produce suggests a set of diseases that vary across space and bodies. This reminds how the sick persons define their disease. However, these groups of practitioners do not have (so far) a place to meet and exchange
Cayouette, Stéphane. "Étude éco-morphologique de la tique du lapin Haémaphysalis léporispalustris Packard (Acari - ixodidae) et de son potentiel comme vecteur de la tularémie chez le lièvre d'amérique au Québec." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5101/1/000603614.pdf.
Full textBoulinier, Thierry. "Selection de l'habitat de reproduction, facteurs environnementaux et fonctionnement des populations d'oiseaux coloniaux : cas des interactions hote-parasite entre la mouette tridactyle rissa tridactyla et la tique ixodes uriae." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066813.
Full textCazoir, David-Alexandre. "Traitement d'eaux huileuses par photocatalyse h��t��rog��ne : application �� la d��pollution des eaux de cales." Phd thesis, Universit�� Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745779.
Full textVilleneuve, Dominic. "Profils g??nomiques de la transcription g??nique durant la progression du cycle de division cellulaire d'h??patocytes synchronis??s suite ?? une h??patectomie partielle." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/69.
Full textCruz, Vilma V?tor. "?tica: neuroc?ncia e neuro?tica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16511.
Full textL ?tude de la neuro?tique, est plac?e dans le champs de l ?tique philosophique, o? l ?motion et la ration se trouve comme des elements important dans le processus des decition moral. Les champs d ?tude de la neuroscience et neuro?thique ouvre la discussion sur le changement et les emergences conceptuels, le progr?s da la science, le dev?loppement de la tecnique, de la tecnhologie et la biotecnologie, et ses relations vis-a-vis des dilemes morales concernat au champs des ?tudes et recherches dans ce domaine. On compprende que les procedures adopt?s em ces ?tudes et recherches ne sont pas concernant solement aux individus soumises aux procedures et or traitement, mas a tout la societ?. Le champs d ?tude de la neuroscience comme quelque d outre est soumis a des principles morales et ?tiques, sourtout c est relatifs aux prises de decition par rapport aux ?tres vivants. Dans ces processus les scientifiques sont charch?es des responsabilit?s et des risques, en face des dilemes morales concernat a tout les recherches. L analise a ?t? faite, appui dentre outres, en la pens?e de Immanuel Kant et Jonh Stuart Mill em ce que dit respect au devoir et l utilit?
O estudo da neuro?tica situa-se no campo da ?tica filos?fica, onde raz?o e emo??o fazem parte do jogo das decis?es morais, constituindo-se elementos importantes dessa an?lise. Os campos de atua??o da neuroci?ncia e da neuro?tica v?m oportunizando discuss?es acerca das mudan?as de conceitua??es n?o s? nas ci?ncias m?dicas, mas tamb?m nas ci?ncias sociais, educa??o e filosofia. Da?, nos determos nas emerg?ncias conceituais, no desenvolvimento t?cnico, tecnol?gico e biotecnol?gico, que comp?em o repert?rio do avan?o da ci?ncia e dos dilemas morais que lhes s?o inerentes. Discuss?o que nos remete aos procedimentos adotados nesses campos de estudos, dado ao fato destes n?o afetarem somente a vida dos indiv?duos submetidos aos procedimentos acad?micos e/ou tratamentos, mas ? sociedade como um todo. A neuroci?ncia como qualquer ci?ncia encontra-se submetida a princ?pios morais e ?ticos, sobretudo, aos que dizem respeito aos processos de tomada de decis?o nos estudos, interven??es ou manipula??es envolvendo seres vivos, processo no qual os cientistas assumem responsabilidades e riscos. Para discutir e analisar este tema nos apoiamos como referencia principal, dentre outras, nas teses de Immanuel Kant e John Stuart Mill acerca do dever e da utilidade
Bernard, Jennifer. "Caractérisation de la compétence vectorielle des tiques Ornithodores pour le virus de la peste porcine africaine et étude de deux déterminants : la relation souche virale – vecteur et l’influence de la salive de tiques sur l’infection chez le porc domestique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS099/document.
Full textAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a contagious hemorrhagic disease with disastrous financial consequences for pig industry, as no vaccine or treatment exists. This infection is caused by a DNA virus, only member of the Asfarviridae family that can be directly transmitted between swine or by a non-compulsory vector, the Ornithodoros tick. Ornithodoros ticks play a role in the persistence of the disease within wild and domestic suids in Africa. They were also involved in resurgences of outbreaks in some pig farms in the Iberian Peninsula in 1970-1980. ASF, eradicated in Europe at the end of the 1980’s except in Sardinia, was reintroduced in Georgia in 2007 then spread towards the Eastern European Union. The question of the tick vector competence for ASF virus (ASFV) and its related determinants is of importance in the risk assessment of endemisation/spread of the disease in Europe or elsewhere.The first chapter of this thesis aims to characterize Ornithodoros tick vector competence for ASFV and to highlight a common pattern to qualify it. For this purpose, a systematic review of the studies carried out on the vector competence of one or more tick species for one or more ASFV, was performed on the last 50 years publications. A high variability of the results obtained for different couples “tick-virus” was highlighted. As most of the papers describe partial evaluation of the vector competence and because of the high number of methods used to perform these assessments, it was definitively very difficult to compare these results, and to propose common patterns. However, each of these studies revealed a part of the mechanisms that participated to the adaptation in the couple “tick-virus”, and suggested the importance of different determinants, out of them, two were experimentally assessed as described in the two other chapters.The second chapter of this thesis describes the adaptation “tick-virus” through the experimental infection of three different ticks, O. erraticus, O. porcinus and O. moubata by two ASFV strains belonging to the genotype II. O erraticus’s competence is known for ASFV strains belonging to the genotype I but has never demonstrated the ASFV Georgia 2007/1 strain (genotype II) and currently circulating in Europe. However, the experiments we performed, suggest that many experimental conditions could influence the results obtained on vector competence as the tick colony or the virus dose used for the tick infection.The third chapter describes the effect of the tick saliva on the ASFV transmission from the tick to the pig. Tick saliva contains important immunomodulatory molecules that interfere with the pig immune system permitting complete engorgement of the tick on its host. The host-vector and pathogen interactions were studied through an in vivo experimentation involving pig, O porcinus tick and ASFV Ambat02 strain (genotype II). The local and systemic effects on the pig immune responses were assessed with the ASFV alone or combined with tick gland extract, versus a healthy tick bite. Data analysis highlighted the tick saliva role on skin immune cell recruitment and its potential effect on local infection
Beugnet, Frédéric. "Épidémiologie et prophylaxie de la chimiorésistance chez les parasites d'importance vétérinaire : Haemonchus contortus (un strongle digestif des ruminants), Boophilus microplus (une tique du bétail), Dermanyssus gallinae (le "pou" rouge des volailles)." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA12A030.
Full textHervet, ��va. "��tude du r��le de la prot��ine kinase LegK2 dans la virulence de Legionella pneumophila." Phd thesis, Universit�� Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751948.
Full textBernard, Quentin. "Analyse cellulaire et moléculaire de la transmission précoce de la borréliose de Lyme : rôle de l'interface cutanée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ038/document.
Full textVector-borne diseases account for seventeen percent of world-wide infectious diseases. They are amajor threat to public health. Lyme borreliosis is the first vector-borne disease of the northernhemisphere. It is caused by a bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, inoculated by a hard tickbelonging to the Ixodes genus. The first contact between the vertebrate host and the tick, and sobetween the vertebrate host and the bacteria, occurs at the skin interface. The skin is then of majorimportance for the early development of the immune response against Borrelia.The tick bite induces a skin injury owing to its biting pieces, the hypostome and two chelicerae. The ticksaliva also creates a feeding pool allowing the tick to feed efficiently. This process also facilitates Borreliatransmission. We have characterized a tick saliva protein which might participate to the formation ofthe feeding pool: histone H4. This protein lyses fibroblasts and harbors bactericidal properties againstcommensal bacteria. These two activities might help Borrelia to infect the vertebrate host by sustainingits development in the skin. Once bacteria have been injected into the skin, they interact with residentskin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and immune cells. We have shown that the inflammationinduced by the tick bite increases the keratinocyte inflammatory response against Borrelia. However,the saliva inhibits this cross-talk which depends on TLR3/TRIFF and TLR2/MyD88 pathways. Once thetick has detached and the saliva has disappeared, the cross-talk might explained the inflammationobserved during the erythema migrans.Other skin cells than keratinocytes and fibroblasts are involved in the early inflammatory responseagainst Borrelia such as dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. We have explored theinvolvement of another poorly-studied cell-type: mast cells. We have shown that these cells can secreteIL-6 and degranulate in response to Borrelia. Bacteria antigens responsible of the activation mightdepends on the living state of Borrelia. The tick saliva is able to negatively control the secretion of IL-6,but not to completely inhibit it. At this point, we cannot conclude in a WSH mouse model deficient inmast cells, to a major role of these cells in the inflammatory response against Borrelia.While in the skin, Borrelia expresses many genes which will facilitate the dissemination across thevertebrate host, to reach different target organs (brain, joint, distant skin). We have characterized twogenes potentially involved in the dissemination of a virulent clone of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto: bb0347and bb0213. bb0347 encodes for an adhesion which can specifically interact with the extracellularmatrix of the skin while the role of bb0213 is unknown. bb0347 might help the bacteria to migratethrough skin tissues and then increases the infection rate
Lauzon, Marc-Antoine. "Mod??lisation d'un syst??me de lib??ration d'un peptide d??riv?? de la BMP-9 et ??tude m??canistique comparative entre la BMP-9 et la BMP-2." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/103.
Full textBlisnick, Adrien. "Caractérisation de IrSPI, un inhibiteur de sérine protéase impliqué dans la prise du repas sanguin et l’infection bactérienne des tiques Ixodes ricinus." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0005/document.
Full textIxodes ricinus tick species, the most abundant and widespread tick in Europe, is an important vector of pathogens affecting both animal and human health. To replace the use of acaricides that generate environmental contamination and resistances, new environmentally sustainable approaches providing broad protection against ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are urgently needed. Such development requires improved understanding of the biology of ticks and more particularly of their interactions with vertebrate hosts and TBP. Tick saliva is an essential biofluid for ticks, as its proteolytic, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities allow ticks to acquire their blood meal under optimal conditions. Moreover, injection of saliva during blood feeding represents the principal route by which TBP are transmitted to the host. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TBP transmission, as well as to identify putative vaccine candidates against I. ricinus, salivary glands from bacteria infected and uninfected ticks were previously compared by high throughput transcriptomics. The most up-regulated transcript following infection was IrSPI, which belongs to the Kunitz/BPTI inhibitor family. Functional analyses via RNAi knockdown experiments revealed that IrSPI enhances both blood feeding and bacterial burden in the salivary glands. This present PhD work concerns then the structural, biochemical and functional characterization of IrSPI as a molecule involved in tick-host-pathogen interactions. Our aim was first to define the structure of IrSPI gene but, unfortunately, while our results have led to progress on this issue, we have not been able to get the full sequence. Then, the dynamic of IrSPI expression was evaluated during both tick feeding and colonization of ticks by pathogens, showing that its expression is induced by blood feeding and TBP but not by Escherichia coli that is not transmitted by I. ricinus. In addition, our results shown the expression of IrSPI in several tick organs, suggesting its implication in several functions in tick physiology. Among them, the discovery of the injection of IrSPI, through the saliva, to the vertebrate host allowed us to consider a role in host responses to tick bite. Evaluation of IrSPI effect on host showed no impact on coagulation through extrinsic pathway, as determined by analysis of thrombin generation time and by fibrinolysis, or in angiogenesis. However, it inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes and increased unstimulated-B cell proliferation. In addition, IrSPI also modulated cytokine production from macrophages and splenocytes, repressing significantly most of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, we demonstrated that IrSPI plays a role in modulating the host immune response during blood feeding. Finally, preliminary results in the identification of the protein’s interactants open many research perspectives for understanding how IrSPI acts in tick physiology and counteracts host responses to tick injury and pathogen transmission
Gondard, Mathilde. "A la découverte des agents pathogènes et microorganismes des tiques par séquençage de nouvelle génération et QPCR microfluidique à haut débit." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1017.
Full textVector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens transmitted by haematophagous arthropods which provide active transmission (mechanical or biological) of infectious agents from one vertebrate to another. Among these vectors, ticks are known to carry and transmit the greatest variety of pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. They transmit microorganisms responsible for bacterial (Lyme borreliosis, rickettsioses), parasitic (babesiosis, theileriosis), or viral diseases (tick-borne encephalitis).The Antilles are located in the heart of the Caribbean Neotropical Zone. This area can be considered at risk for the emergence of vector-borne diseases mainly due to favorable environmental conditions and intercontinental exchanges (e.g. legal and illegal animal trade, migratory birds). However, the epidemiological situation of the Caribbean area, with regard to tick-borne diseases, is still poorly documented. Indeed, most of field studies only focused on animal pathogens such as Ehrlichia ruminantium, Babesia (bovis and bigemina) and Anaplasma marginale and questions about the risk of emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases remain unanswered. Thus, it is crucial to develop efficient epidemiological surveillance tools that would enable the detection of new, known or unexpected pathogens present in ticks. In this context, the main objective of my thesis was to obtain an overview of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest present in Caribbean ticks using new high-throughput technologies. We first used a high-throughput sequencing approach to determine pathogens present in ticks (bacteria, parasites, and viruses) collected in Guadeloupe and Martinique. This analysis revealed a great diversity of pathogenic agents in our samples and highlighted the presence of four viruses belonging to new viral families recently described and associated with arthropods. Results of sequencing combined with data available in the literature allowed us to make the most exhaustive list of pathogens potentially transmitted by ticks and requiring health surveillance in the Caribbean area. From this pathogen inventory, we developed a system of high-throughput screening of infectious agents applicable to the whole Caribbean area. This molecular tool is a microfluidic system based on the BiomarkTM dynamic arrays technology (Fluidigm Corporation), which enables high-throughput real-time PCR to simultaneously detect 48-96 targets within 48 to 96 samples. Two different chips have been developed, one for bacteria and parasites monitoring, and one for viruses. Their efficiency was tested on tick samples collected in both Guadeloupe and Martinique. This large-scale screening provided a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological situation of 45 bacteria, 17 parasites and 31 viruses potentially transmitted by ticks in the French West Indies. The high-throughput detection tool developed during my thesis represents a major improvement in epidemiological surveillance technology, enabling the rapid and concomitant monitoring of a wide range of pathogens. It will soon be applied to high-throughput screening of infectious agents found in ticks collected throughout the Caribbean, including Trinidad and Tobago, St. Kitts, Barbados, and St. Lucia, thanks to the collaboration with the CaribVet network, and local veterinarians
Fernandes, Sandra Maria. "Foucault : a experi?ncia da amizade." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13778.
Full textExalt?e par la philosophie et rel?gu?e ? second plan par la sociologie, pour son appartenance ? la vie priv?e, l amiti? devient, ? partir des an?es 70, um th?me d int?t?ret nom plus sous la perspective classique de la philia, avec son insistance sur la fraternit?, ?galit? et dans l ?quivalence des amis.Les ?tudes de Hannah Arendt,Blanchot,Derrida et Foucault d?s?quilibrent cette vison, et la r?d?finissent em tant qu ne rapport qui donne lieu ? l alterit? et permet les manifestations des singularit?s entre amis. En reprendant ces penseurs, Michel Foucault tente r?habililiter l amiti? en tant qu ne ?thique et une esth?tique de l existence qui conduit ? la transformation du sujet, stylisant son existence dans la pr?sence de l autre. Bas?s sur cette r?habilitation, nous penserons l amiti? comme une exp?rience ?thique et afective intense qui cherche autotransformation des amis, une forme de vie qui refuse les formes impos?es de rapports et subjectivit?s
Enaltecida pela filosofia e relegada a segundo plano pela sociologia por tratar-se de assuntos referentes ? vida privada, a amizade a partir do anos 70, tem sido objeto de interesse n?o mais sob o foco da perspectiva cl?ssica da philia com sua ?nfase na fraternidade, na igualdade, e na equival?ncia entre amigos. Os estudos de Hannah Arendt, Blanchot, Derrida e Foucault tentam desestabilizar essa vis?o, redefinindo-a como um relacionamento que d? lugar ? alteridade e permite as manifesta??es das singularidades entre amigos. Seguindo esses pensadores Foucault tenta reabilit?-la no contexto de uma ?tica e est?tica da exist?ncia que conduz ? transforma??o do sujeito, estilizando sua exist?ncia na presen?a do outro. Com base nessa reabilita??o pensaremos a amizade como experi?ncia ?tica, afetiva, intensa, que visa a autotransforma??o dos amigos, uma forma de vida que recusa as formas impostas de relacionamento e de subjetividade
Viana, Raimundo Nonato Assun??o. "O Bumba meu boi como fen?meno est?tico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14135.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cette ?tude propose d'articuler une discussion entre les d?finitions de corps, esth?tique et ?ducation, tout en les pla?ant dans le sc?nario des danses traditionnelles, surtout, le Bumba-meu-boi de l'?tat du Maranh?o. On part de la proposition selon laquelle le Bumba-meu-boi ainsi que d'autres r?jouissances traditionnelles, r?unissent des ?l?ments constitutifs qui se traduisent en langage esth?tique et celui-ci exprime, par le biais des corps qui le cultivent, se constitue aussi, tout comme expression ?ducative des formes d'?tre et de vivre en soci?t?, dans l'espace et dans le temps, cr?ant et r?cr?ant des structures, de modes d'?tre et de faire des sujets sociaux. ? travers le chant, la danse, les actions organisatrices et d'autres aspects, on ?tablit diff?rentes strat?gies de lecture du monde; tout en se mouvementant, se r?organisant, se renseignant ? sur l'ambiance et de soi m?me. La recherche a, comme configuration m?thodologique l'approche qualitative ph?nom?nologique, dont la trajectoire du ph?nom?ne situ? a ?t? d?velopp?e ? partir des descriptions de l'exp?rience v?cue par l'auteur dans le monde-vie du Bumba-meu-boi da Liberdade si?g? ? S?o Luis do Maranh?o. C'est, donc, avec la compr?hension de l'esth?tique ph?nom?nologique que nous nous sommes identifi?s pour l'?laboration de cette ?tude. Cette conception est en rapport avec le domaine de l'appr?hension sensible vincul?e ? la relation de sens de l'homme avec le monde, avec soi-m?me et avec les autres. La th?se pr?sente la production de connaissance en tant que cath?gorie esth?tique et le ph?nom?ne ?ducatif configur? dans la condition corporelle de l'?tre humain. Nous comprenons que, dans l'exp?rience v?cue et construite dans le sc?nario du Bumba-meu-boi, il y a une ?ducation qui se configure dans la plasticit? du corps, dans sa capacit? de donner des sens et de construire de significations
Este estudo prop?e articular uma discuss?o entre os conceitos de corpo, est?tica e educa??o, situando-os no cen?rio das dan?as tradicionais especificamente no Bumba-meu-boi do Maranh?o. Parte da proposi??o de que o Bumba-meu-boi maranhense, assim como, outros folguedos tradicionais, re?nem elementos constitutivos que configuram uma linguagem est?tica e essa linguagem, expressa pelos corpos que a cultivam, tamb?m se constitui enquanto express?o educativa nas formas de ser e de viver em sociedade, no espa?o e no tempo, criando e recriando estruturas, modos de ser e de fazer dos sujeitos sociais. Atrav?s do canto, da dan?a, das a??es organizativas; entre outros aspectos estabelecem-se diferentes estrat?gias de leitura do mundo; movimentando-se, reorganizando-se, informando-se sobre o ambiente e informando-se sobre si mesmo. A pesquisa tem como configura??o metodol?gica a abordagem qualitativa fenomenol?gica, cuja trajet?ria do fen?meno situado foi desenvolvida a partir das descri??es da experi?ncia vivida pelo autor no mundo-vida do Bumba-Meu-Boi da Liberdade radicado, em S?o Lu?s do Maranh?o. ? com a compreens?o da est?tica fenomenol?gica que nos identificamos para realizar este estudo. Esta concep??o est? relacionada com o dom?nio da apreens?o sens?vel vinculada ? rela??o de sentidos do homem com o mundo, consigo pr?prio e com os outros. A tese apresenta a produ??o de conhecimento como categoria est?tica e o fen?meno educativo configurado na condi??o corporal do ser humano. Compreendemos que, na experi?ncia vivida e constru?da no cen?rio do Bumba-meu-boi, h? uma educa??o que se configura na plasticidade do corpo, na sua capacidade de atribuir sentidos e construir significados
Mathis, Maria Alice Simões de. "Características fenotípicas do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com idade de início precoce dos sintomas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-13022008-102243/.
Full textIntroduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is recognized as a heterogeneous condition. This heterogeneity obscures the interpretation of the results of the studies. The description of more homogeneous groups of patients can facilitate the identification of this search, since it can identify phenotypes that are hereditary and valid to the genetic point of view. Categorical and dimensional approaches are recognized strategies for the identification of more homogeneous subgroups of patients. Regarding the categorical approach, the subgroup of patients with early age at onset of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and the tic-related-OCD subgroup present similar clinical characteristics, with evidences of an overlap of these characteristics between the two groups. The aims of this study were: to investigate clinical and demographic characteristics of the early age at onset subgroup (EO), compared to the late onset subgroup (LO); and to investigate demographic and clinical characteristics of early age at onset OCD patients, with and without comorbid tic disorders. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty patients with the diagnosis of OCD according to the DSM-IV were directly assessed with the following instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-patient edition - SCID-I/P; Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - Y-BOCS; Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - DY-BOCS and Yale Global Tics Severity Scale - YGTSS. We considered early age at onset when OCS began before the age of 10 (160 patients). Patients with age at onset between 11 and 17 years old were termed intermediate group (95 patients), whereas those with age at onset after 17 years old were designated as late onset OCD (75 patients). Results: EO patients differed from LO patients in terms of presenting higher frequency of the male gender; higher frequency of a family history of OCS; higher Y-BOCS for compulsions and total Y-BOCS scores; higher chance of presenting contamination obsessions, repeating, hoarding, miscellaneous and tic-like compulsions; lower chance of having counting compulsions; higher probability of presenting symptoms of \"hoarding\" dimension; higher severity in \"aggression/violence\" and \"miscellaneous\" dimensions and global DY-BOCS scale score; higher mean number of comorbidities; higher probability of presenting separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, body dysmorphic disorder and tic disorders; lower chance of presenting posttraumatic stress disorder; and a higher chance of having a 35% reduction on the Y-BOCS scale. The EO subgroup with tic disorders differed from the EO without tics for presenting higher chance of having sensory phenomena, somatic obsessions; lower chance and lower score in the DY-BOCS scale; lower chance of presenting mood disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, social phobia and skin picking; higher chance of having a 35% reduction on the Y-BOCS scale. Results suggested that the differences found among early, intermediated and late onset groups with early onset were secondary to the own age at onset, and other differences were secondary to the presence of tics.
Meha, Christelle. "Forêt et risque de santé publique : le cas de la borréliose de Lyme. Application à la forêt périurbaine de Sénart (Île-de-France)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980387.
Full textSoares, Ednalda. "Miguilins no sert?o da caba?a azul: incandesc?ncia, inf?ncia e devaneios po?ticos em Mutum." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13634.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cette th?se concerne dans une lecture po?tique du roman Campo Geral, de Guimar?es Rosa, du film Mutum - bas? sur le roman mentionn? et r?alis? par Sandra Kogut, et de l investigation das les villes de Minas Gerais/MG impliqu?s dans la production du film. Le but de cette lecture est de communiquer l'exp?rience onirique faite ? partir d'une oeuvre cin?matographique, ? partir d un r?cit litt?raire et la rencontre avec cinq acteurs non-professionnels et de trois membres de l'?quipe de Mutum. Pour ?a, le r?ve po?tique, propos? par Gaston Bachelard, il est utilis? comme une ressource cognitive ? l'exp?rience de la r?alit? de semi-imaginaire l'homme, a partir de l actionnement du double dans le processus de participation affective (MORIN, 1997). Le film choisi abord des impressions d un enfant qui vit avec ses parents, avec ses fr?res, avec sa grand-m?re et avec sa chienne Rebeca, dans un place appel? Mutum. Sous la perspective de l ?tre r?veur, qui medite sur les images de l enfance onirique dans le contexte des r?gions s?ches de la campagne, des r?gions qui sont transform?es et ?tendues ? travers le r?ve po?tique, nous arrivons ? l enfance m?ditative (BACHELARD, 2006). Tout au long de la narration de cette recherche, Guimar?es Rosa, la r?alisatrice Sandra Kogut, moi-m?me comme un individu / chercheur et les interlocuteurs de la famille Mutum que j'ai trouv? dans Minas Gerais, nous sommes tous pris comme Miguilins qui r?vent de La r?gion Caba?a Azul. Incandescents, multiples, primitives, ces Miguilins sont porteurs des papiers colores et avec elle ils comprennent la participation de l'homme dans le Grand R?cit (SERRES, 2005)
A presente disserta??o empreende uma leitura po?tica da novela Campo Geral, de Guimar?es Rosa, do filme Mutum, baseado na novela citada e dirigido por Sandra Kogut e da investiga??o em campo realizada em cidades de Minas Gerais-MG envolvidas na realiza??o desse filme. O prop?sito dessa leitura ? comunicar a experi?nica devaneadora realizada a partir de uma obra f?lmica, de uma narrativa liter?ria e do encontro com cinco atores n?o-profissionais e tr?s pessoas da equipe t?cnica de Mutum. Para isso, o devaneio po?tico, proposto por Gaston Bachelard, ? usado como recurso cognitivo para experienciar a realidade semi-imagin?ria do homem, a partir do acionamento do duplo no processo de participa??o afetiva (MORIN,1997). O filme escolhido trata das impress?es de uma crian?a, que vive com seus pais, seus irm?os, sua av? e sua cachorra Rebeca num lugar chamado Mutum. Sob a perspectiva do ser devaneador, que medita sobre as imagens da inf?ncia on?rica dentro do contexto do sert?o, de um sert?o que ? transformado e alargado por meio do sonho po?tico, alcan?amos a inf?ncia meditada (BACHELARD, 2006). Ao longo da narrativa desta pesquisa, Guimar?es Rosa, a diretora Sandra Kogut, eu mesma enquanto indiv?duo/pesquisadora e os interlocutores da Fam?lia Mutum que encontrei em Minas Gerais, todos n?s somos tomados enquanto Miguilins que sonham o sert?o da caba?a azul. Incandescentes, m?ltiplos, palimpsestos, esses Miguilins s?o portadores da carteira de identidade multicolorida e com ela compreendem a participa??o humana na Grande Narrativa (SERRES, 2005)
Dupraz, Marlène. "Convergence dans l'évolution de la spécialisation d'hôte chez des tiques : modèle tiques-oiseaux de mer à distribution mondiale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT124/document.
Full textIntimate and repeated interactions between hosts and parasites can lead to parasite specialization to a given host via behavioral, morphological and/or genetic adaptations that act in combination with restricted gene flow. Specialization is a key process leading to the generation of parasite biodiversity and can help us understand the emergence of pathogenic organisms. Although little studied, host specialization has already been demonstrated to occur in previous studies of two nidicolous tick species: Ixodes uriae a hard tick parasitizing colonial seabirds in polar regions, and soft ticks of the complex Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato, that also exploit colonial seabirds, but this time in temperate and tropical zones. Both of these species act as vector to a wide variety of pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. However, the factors involved in host specialization remain unknown. In this context, the aim of my thesis was to determine 1) whether the evolution of host specialization is always accompanied by the same phenotypic changes and 2) whether these changes could help to identify the selective factors that influence this phenomenon. In this context, tick collections were conducted during the breeding period of the host birds in different areas of their distribution and morphometric analyses, based on landmark and contour methods, were performed on each individual tick. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were also carried out using the same individuals. Overall, the results demonstrate that morphological convergence occurs within these systems, highlighting the role of selection in the divergence process. Indeed, the ecological characteristics of the hosts, but also their micro-habitat, may exert significant selective pressures on ticks and may cause the observed divergence among populations. Likewise, the biological characteristics of each tick species, particularly in relation to dispersal capacity, may also come into play and will greatly modify the epidemiology of associated infectious agents.Keywords: Argasidae, convergent evolution, host-parasite interactions, Ixodidae, transmission ecology, seabirds