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1
Fournier, Pierre, Besim Nuri, Caroline Tourigny, Slim Haddad, and Alban Ylli. "Productivité et profils de pratique des médecins généralistes à Tirana (Albanie)." Canadian Journal of Public Health 97, no. 6 (November 2006): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405232.
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Vasili, A., L. Shundi, B. Vila, S. Bino, and D. Ulqinaku. "Prévalence de Neisseria gonorrhoeae chez les étudiants de l’université de Tirana, Albanie, 2012." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 61 (October 2013): S281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2013.07.253.
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Ramdani, Ilir. "Sound columns in electoral campaigns in Albania." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p330-333.
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Albania culture soundtrack entered too late. Sound columns newness brought in Albania in 2003. Edi Rama Rama will be remembered as the candidate who brought a unique innovation in the campaigns developed in Albania. Rama 2003 when running for reelection for mayor of Tirana, the Albanian song he chose as a soundtrack to the campaign, in which he revealed himself as the protagonist. Rama sang "Our Tirona", together with three boys of "WEST Side Family". Output of Edi Rama as a singer, with lyrics written by himself, starting with the string "Too much noise, too much noise" was completed and was launched with a video, the filming of which were realized in the most popular areas of Tirana, of center to the outskirts. This song not only became a hit in Albania in 2003, but also affected the Rama achieved victory in front of his former rival, the right-wing candidate, Spartak Ngjela.
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Vukadinović, Igor. "KULTURNO I EKONOMSKO POVEZIVANJE ALBANIJE I KOSOVA I METOHIJE 1967–1971." Istorija 20. veka 39, no. 2/2021 (August 1, 2021): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2021.2.vuk.375-396.
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Major changes in the position of Kosovo and Metohija’s autonomy in the late 1960s affected the province’s relations with Albania. In 1967, the Yugoslav State Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and the Yugoslav Federal Executive Council began to encourage cultural and economic ties between Kosovo and Metohija and Albania, justifying this as a strategy for the normalization of relations between Yugoslavia and Albania. Following the joint commemorations of the anniversary of Skanderbeg’s death in Priština and Tirana, an agreement was reached on the use of textbooks from Albania in the Kosovo and Metohija school system. The two sides organized mutual visits of folklore and art groups, as well as friendly matches of soccer teams. Kosovo companies were allowed small border traffic with Albania without any prior interstate agreements between Belgrade and Tirana. Constitutional changes in Serbia in 1969 enabled the expansion of economic and cultural cooperation between Kosovo and Albania. The University of Priština and the University of Tirana signed an agreement to hire professors from Tirana as lecturers at Priština faculties. In 1971, scientists from Tirana participated in the work of the Kosovo Archives, the Provincial Library, and the Priština Museum, while 41 Albanian professors gave lectures at the University of Priština. Reports by Albanian lecturers from Kosovo enabled the Albanian state leadership to be acquainted in detail with the political situation in Yugoslavia.
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Beshiri, Ismije. "Neovisnost Albanije 1912. na temelju njemačke diplomatske dokumentacije." Journal of contemporary history 51, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/csp.v51i1.8654.
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Događaji koji su prethodili neovisnosti Albanije podrobno su dokumentirani u njemačkom diplomatskom arhivu. Njemački diplomati iz regije, u Istanbulu, Ateni, Sofiji, Solunu, Skopju i Cetinju, kao i oni u glavnim gradovima velesila, u Londonu, Rimu, Sankt Peterburgu i Beču, izvještavali su Berlin o događanjima u europskom dijelu Osmanskoga Carstva. Cilj je ovoga rada proučiti spomenute dokumente i učiniti ih dostupnima široj javnosti i novim generacijama povjesničara. Bibliografija njemačkoga Ministarstva vanjskih poslova Auswaertiges Amt, Politisches Archiv Findbuch, Auswaertiges Amt 1867-1920 katalogizira sve dokumente o Albaniji pod vladavinom Carigrada do 1914. jer je njemačko veleposlanstvo u Carigradu do 1914. bilo zaduženo za Albaniju. Te je godine Njemačka prvi put otvorila veleposlanstvo u Tirani te se od tada dokumenti za Albaniju katalogiziraju zasebno. Iz arhivirane dokumentacije vidljivo je da je Njemačka bila vrlo zainteresirana za događanja u Albaniji te da je aktivno podržavala albansku neovisnost, odnosno uspostavljanje albanske države.
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Vukadinović, Igor. "Prosvetna politika Kraljevine Albanije na Kosovu i Metohiji tokom Drugog svetskog rata." Tokovi istorije 29, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2021.1.vuk.109-132.
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Kingdom of Albania’s fascist regime considered education as one of the pillars of its policy in Kosovo and Metohija during World War II. With the aim of spreading and strengthening Albanian national identity and culture, several hundreds of educators were sent from the “Old Albania” to Kosovo and Metohija. The Italian occupation authorities were not supportive of the educational policy pursued by the officials in Tirana, which often resulted in disagreement between the two sides. After liberating the province in 1944, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia decided to keep the teachers and educators who misused their positions to serve the Greater Albania cause, as there was no available staff to replace them. The paper is based primarily on the unpublished sources from the Central State Archives of Albania in Tirana, the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Belgrade, the Archives of Serbia, and the Archives of Yugoslavia.
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Dogjani, Safet, Ylber Muceku, and Pranvera Lazo. "Evaluation of Radon Concentration in the Urban Area Foundation of Tirana, Albania." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 62, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.9972.
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In this paper, we shortly are treating the results of the radon concentration in soil gas, which are obtained by a detailed study that was carried out during 2000-2005 years in the urban area of Tirana, Capital City of Albania. The field measurements were done by using Luk-4 equipment (Lucas method) and based on technique (Neznal et al. 1992, Neznal et al. 1994a, Neznal et al. 1994b, Neznal et al. 1996, Neznal et al. 2002b). From the analysis of the data taken by this research, was concluded that the level of the radon concentration in soil gas of Tirana urban area depends on the soil type. So, the highest level of radon gas (130.0 kBqm‐3) was observed in the inorganic clays and very fine sands with beige-red color (soils type 1), which is extended on the second terrace of Tirana River. This paper gives conclusions of soil gas radon concentration, where its value range from 0.9-1.54 kBqm‐3 up to 92.03-130.0 kBqm‐3. The results indicate that more than 50% of Tirana urban area is made of soils, which are characterized by high soil gas radon concentration, which constitutes a real risk for the Tirana’s residents.
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Vukadinovic, Igor. "The shift in Yugoslav-Albanian relations: The establishment of ties between Albania and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1966-1969)." Balcanica, no. 51 (2020): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc2051235v.
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The intra-party conflict in Yugoslavia in 1966 resulted in a fundamental shift in the attitude of the Yugoslav leadership toward the Albanian national minority, which was also reflected in the country?s foreign policy orientation. The normalization of relations with Albania was set as one of the objectives of Yugoslav foreign policy. Yugoslavia stopped responding to the anti-Yugoslav statements of Albanian officials and launched a series of cooperation initiatives with Albania. The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija was assigned a special role in the normalization of relations with Tirana and, with the consent of Belgrade, an exchange of publications, visits of cultural-artistic associations and contacts between the cultural institutions of Kosovo and Metohija and Albania ensued. This policy resulted in the establishment of direct cultural, economic and political ties between the governments of Albania and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, into which the Yugoslav political leadership no longer had any insight.
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Edemskiy, Andrey. "Additional evidence on the final break between Moscow and Tirana in 1960-1961." Balcanica, no. 50 (2019): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950375e.
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Disagreement between Khrushchev and Enver Hoxha, leaders of the Soviet Union and Albania, had been ripening since the mid-1950s. Until the spring of 1960 the leadership of the small country did not show readiness to challenge the Soviets perceived as the great power at the head of Socialist bloc countries and the world Communist movement. But when the Chinese leadership indicated their disagreements with official Moscow in the spring of 1960, Albania joined them without fearing the inevitability of open confrontation with the Soviets. The article reveals the further course of events in chronological order during the deepening rift between the two leaders and their entourage, and analyses the Soviet decision-making process at the highest level consulting newly-declassified documents from the Russian State Archives of Contemporary History in Moscow. By the end of 1961, within less than two years, relations between the Soviet Union and Albania sank to their lowest. The Soviet leadership, presumably Khrushchev himself, failed in their attempts to stop another growing conflict in the Soviet bloc by discussing controversial issues face to face with the Albanian leadership. Researchers have already accumulated considerable knowledge about these processes, but substantial gaps are yet to be filled. Many relevant Soviet documents from Russian archives are not yet declassified. Nevertheless, the already available ones allow researchers to take a broader look on the developing Soviet-Albanian rift and to establish how, in parallel with the collapse of Soviet-Albanian connections in the early 1960s, Soviet-Yugoslav contacts intensified.
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Mëhilli, Elidor. "Defying De-Stalinization: Albania's 1956." Journal of Cold War Studies 13, no. 4 (October 2011): 4–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00169.
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Drawing on recently declassified Albanian, Soviet, East German, and Western archival sources, as well as a rich historiography on Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech and the Hungarian revolution of 1956, this article investigates the little-known events of 1956 in Albania. Rejecting de-Stalinization, the Albanian Communist leader Enver Hoxha was able to vindicate his position against Yugoslavia's brand of socialism abroad, fortify his rule at home, and claim more aid from Moscow, Beijing, and the Soviet bloc. This article discusses the Tirana Party Conference of April 1956, treating the Albanian Party of Labor (the Communist party) as an “information society.” The article assesses deliberations over security and ideology at the highest levels and demonstrates how tiny Albania came to embody, in exaggerated form, both the promises and the perils of socialist exchange, in addition to mirroring the profound inconsistencies of Khrushchev's de-Stalinization campaign.
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BAUMGARDNER, William. "FREESCAPE OF TIRANA, ALBANIA." Landscape Architecture Frontiers 7, no. 3 (2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-laf-1-050002.
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Clayer, Nathalie. "The Bektashi Institutions in Southeastern Europe: Alternative Muslim Official Structures and their Limits." Die Welt des Islams 52, no. 2 (2012): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006012x641692.
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AbstractThere has always been a plurality of trends within Islam, to which Sufism also belonged. Within the Ottoman Empire, mystical groups remained among the uncentralized forms of Islam until the end of the 19 th century and the creation of an association of the dervish orders, which, however, provided only a very partial structure for them. In 20 th -century Balkans, the Bektashis, one of the major Sufi orders present in the region, secured an official and institutionalized structure in Albania from the beginning of the 1920s. After the collapse of the Communist regimes in Albania and Yugoslavia, which had put strong obstacles against the free development of religion (especially in Albania where it was banned in 1967), a Bektashi organization was reestablished in Tirana. The paper discusses the main normative features of this organization, called Komuniteti Bektashian. Kryegjyshata Botërore Bektashiane (“Bektashi Community. World Bektashi Grandfather”). Special reference is given to the changing power relations within the community caused by this novel structure (its members being often linked to other Albanian or foreign actors—Albanian politicians, Iranian Shi'i networks, Turkish Alevi networks, etc.). The article also examines the complex and disputed relationship of the Bektashi organization with the official Islamic religious institutions, its international, or rather pan-Albanian, dimension, and also its inner functioning which is not as centralized as it is supposed to be.
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Khudoley, Konstantin. "Soviet-Albanian Relations." Southeastern Europe 44, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 392–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-44030003.
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Abstract The research problem scrutinized in this article is the identification of the factors that led to the formation within the Soviet bloc of a particular relationship between the hegemonic state – the ussr – and the smallest one – Albania. This study, based primarily on documents from Soviet archives, examines the causes for the emergence and growth of differences between the ussr and Albania, spanning the period from the death of Stalin to the open showdown at the meetings of the Communist Parties in Bucharest in 1960. Tirana embarked on the path of distancing itself from the Soviet Union, gradually drifting towards China, and began laying the foundation for its own special model of socialism. As a result, by the beginning of the 1960s, differences reached such a level that Soviet-Albanian conflict became inevitable.
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Kerpaci, Kalie. "Setting up a small business in Albania: Return migration and entrepreneurship." Europa XXI 37 (2019): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.37.6.
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In this paper, I deal with the phenomenon of Albanian return migration. I focus on the category of returned migrants from Greece, who own a small business in Tirana, the capital of Albania. The aim of the research is to explore the circumstances under which the migrants decided to return and set up a business. I try to analyze the reasons they engaged in entrepreneurial activities through the necessity-opportunity entrepreneurship approach. Some became entrepreneurs out of necessity to avoid unemployment; others because of business opportunities. Within this last group of opportunity-seizing returned migrants, there are some who planned their return and intended to set up a business before migrating. Their objectives in Greece were to save money and gain the know-how enabling them to start and run a business back in Albania.
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Shapo, Laidon, Joceline Pomerleau, Martin McKee, Richard Coker, and Agron Ylli. "Body weight patterns in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 5 (August 2003): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002451.
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AbstractObjective:This paper reports the distribution and determinants of body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Tirana City (Albania).Design:Cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2001.Setting:Tirana City.Subjects:One thousand one hundred and twenty adults aged 25 years and over (response rate 72.7%), selected using multi-stage cluster sampling.Results:Over three-quarters of male and female respondents had an excess body weight. The overall population prevalence of obesity in Tirana was estimated to be 22.0% in men and 30.9% in women. Obesity affected both genders (age-standardised prevalence in males 22.0%, females 30.9%; age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.89; 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.67) and all age groups, but most particularly middle-aged women. The age-standardised overall prevalence of central obesity was 21.6% in men and 29.4% in women (age-adjusted OR 1.58; 99% CI 1.11–2.25), increasing with age (P<0.01). In women, the likelihood of being obese was inversely related to educational achievement (trendP= 0.001) and alcohol consumption (trendP= 0.009). Income, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with obesity.Conclusions:Excess weight and obesity are major public health problems in the adult population of Tirana, but most particularly in middle-aged women. The high obesity prevalence observed along with the recent decrease in physical activity, dietary changes and increase in smoking prevalence make it probable that there will be substantial increases in many non-communicable diseases in Albania in the coming decades. Health promotion strategies are needed that prevent excess weight gain in the Albanian population.
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Halimi, Redi. "A Liberal Government in King Zog’s Albania? Mehdi Frashëri and the Cabinet of the “Young” (1935–1936) /." Südost-Forschungen 73, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 306–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sofo-2014-0113.
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Abstract This article investigates the events of the Frasheri government in interwar Albania. This government, usually described as liberal or as of the “Young” represented a novelty for Albanian society of the time, but lasted only one year. This study seeks to investigate what elements characterised this government, who were the protagonists and what consequences had the Frasheri experiment for the country? Through the study of domestic and foreign politics and the analysis of the relationship with the local press, the paper investigates the Minister’s actions in detail. The Frasheri government, defined by the historiographical literature as a liberal experiment of the zoghist era, has never been thoroughly studied. Through unexplored sources from the Albanian press and archival sources from Rome and Tirana, this study presents a new interpretation of the Frasheri government.
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BEJKO (GJIKA), Anila, Vezir MUHARREMAJ, and Laura GABRIELLI. "Planning and Financing Services in the City Through Land Value Capture Instruments the Case of Tirana New Bazar." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p360-360.
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Objective: This paper comes as a contribution to the discussion happening in Albania related to limited funding sources for providing urban services, especially at the city level. It aims to bring some ideas on how to finance the new services that the Albanian cities need outside general budgets, or avoiding the accumulation of additional debt for local governments (LGs). Methodology: The approach suggested in the paper is to first identify the beneficiaries of any proposed improvement in providing both facilities and services, and then explore methods, which can involve the direct beneficiaries paying for their part of the benefits. The paper focuses on analyzing and reflecting upon the experience of the Municipality of Tirana for building up/refurbishing the city new bazar, and uses this as a case study to discuss on potential financing of facilities and urban services through land value capture gains, and relevant social implications in the Albanian society. Results: A value based property tax should be introduced first in Albania, not only as the instrument that can guarantee real local autonomy, but also as a precondition for applying other land value capture instruments. To mention some of the most applied ones that could also be explored in the broad Albanian context: betterment charges/fees; tax on the increment on the value of land; inclusionary housing, land assembling and land readjusting, and tradable development rights. For all of them, a substantial revision in the fiscal/public finances legislation is needed in Albania, given the fact that the relevant planning and development of territory legislation has already introduced such instruments. But above all, and what is most important, the social implications of the proposed instruments should be further researched and addressed through appropriate regulations and processes. Conclusion: Through this paper I try to demonstrate the implications of planning and financing services in the cities through land value capture instruments in the context of Albanian cities and society. Being that investments on urban services and facilities are accompanied by increases in land value, it has the features for recovering the capital costs of urban investment, by capturing some or all of the “unearned” increment in land value resulting from the investment. To accomplish this, ‘novel’ financing mechanisms should be used – such as land value capture instruments (betterment fees, special taxes, development agreements, etc.), but their implications in terms of improving the social fabric in the cities should be considered.
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Hafizi, Hasan, Anila Aliko, Elda Sharra, Albana Fico, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Paolo Castiglia, and Giovanni Sotgiu. "Results of a tuberculin skin testing survey in Albania." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 03 (March 13, 2014): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3391.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis affected about 8.5 million patients in 2011. Numerous efforts are needed to reduce the pool of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). The aim of the study was to describe a tuberculin skin testing (TST) survey carried out in Albania to estimate the LTBI burden; furthermore, knowledge of TB was evaluated through an ad hoc questionnaire. Methodology: A TST survey was performed in three geographical districts of Albania: Tirana-Kamez, Vlora, and Dibra. Cluster sampling was carried out of young Albanian students. In addition, the same students were given a questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and any misconceptions about TB. The mean (standard deviation) age of the individuals, according to their educational level, was the following: grade five, 11.03 (0.18) years; grade six, 12.02 (0.17) years; and grade seven, 13.02 (0.16) years. Results: The TST induration size was read in 4,648 students. About 5.0% showed a reaction >5 mm, with a significant variability in the districts selected (12.1% in the district of Dibra). An induration diameter >15 mm was found mainly in those areas with high TB incidence (i.e., Tirana-Kamez and Dibra). About 13% of the students had no knowledge of TB. Conclusion: LTBI prevalent cases are estimated to be low in Albania, although there are areas where the TB management should be improved to reduce the probability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. The level of knowledge about TB disease is inadequate and new public health strategies should be implemented, focusing on educational TV programs.
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Divizia, Maurizio, Leonardo Palombi, Ersilia Buonomo, Domenica Donia, Vito Ruscio, Michele Equestre, Luljeta Leno, Augusto Panà, and Anna Marta Degener. "Genomic Characterization of Human and Environmental Polioviruses Isolated in Albania." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.8.3534-3539.1999.
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ABSTRACT Between April and December 1996, a serious outbreak of poliomyelitis occurred in Albania; almost 140 subjects were involved, and the episode presented an unusually high mortality rate (12%). During the outbreak, water samples from the Lana River in Tirana, Albania, and stool samples from two cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were collected and analyzed for the presence of polioviruses. Six polioviruses were isolated from the environmental and human samples, according to standard methods. All the samples were characterized by partial genomic sequencing of 330 bases across the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) (nucleotide positions 200 to 530) and of 300 bases across the VP1 region (nucleotide positions 2474 to 2774). Comparison of these sequences with those present in data banks permitted the identification of environmental isolates Lana A and Lana B as, respectively, a Sabin-like type 2 poliovirus and an intertypic recombinant poliovirus (Sabin-like type 2/wild type 1), both bearing a G instead of an A at nucleotide position 481. The two other environmental polioviruses were similar to the isolates from the paralytic cases. They were characterized by a peculiar 5′-UTR and by a VP1 region showing 98% homology with the Albanian epidemic type 1 isolates reported by other authors. This study confirms the environmental circulation in Albania of recombinant poliovirus strains, likely sustained by a massive vaccination effort and by the presence in the environment of a type 1 poliovirus, as isolated from the Lana River in Tirana about 2 months before the first case of symptomatic acute flaccid paralysis was reported in this town.
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Iacono, Francesco, and Klejd L. Këlliçi. "Of Pyramids and Dictators: Memory, Work and the Significance of Communist Heritage in Post-Socialist Albania." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 5 (January 7, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v5i0.66.
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The communist regime that governed Albania between 1944 and 1991 has left considerable architectural remains. These however, are rapidly dissapearing, as a result of recent development. This paper explores the perception of the monumental heritage of the socialist regime in current day Albania. In our view, concepts of “unwanted” or “difficult” heritage used in the past to make sense of the heritage of socialist dictatorships, are not able to fully account for the specificities of the Albanian case as aspects other than trauma and pain need to be considered.The perception of the heritage from Albania’s communist past is investigated both through a theoretical discussion, which addresses the relationship between “unwanted heritage” and phenomena of nostalgia for certain aspects of life during communism, as well as through a questionnaire targeted at a sample of the population of the capital city Tirana. As far as this last aspect is concerned, our focus has been on the most iconic communist monument in Tirana, the Pyramid, the former museum dedicated to the dictator Enver Hoxha.In the last part of the paper, we try to make sense of the trends that emerged through the analysis of quantitative data, addressing the role of work and related forms of memory in forging the relationship between Albanians and the material remains of their recent past.
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Shkurtaj, Gjovalin. "Überblick über die Entwicklung der Soziolinguistik in Albanien." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2006, no. 178 (January 20, 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2006.011.
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AbstractVor wenigen Jahren, genauer gesagt im Studienjahr 1994–1995, wurde für die Studenten der Fachrichtung Sprache und Literaturwissenschaft der Fakultät für Geschichte und Philologie der Universität Tirana neben dem traditionell unterrichteten Fach ‘Dialektologie’ das Fach ‘Soziolinguistik’ eingeführt. Einige Jahre davor wurde eine Einführung in die Soziolinguistik in Form von Spezialkursen an der Universität Tirana angeboten. Die Soziolinguistik ist in Albanien ein neues Studienfeld. 1996 wurde zum ersten Mal das Buch
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Grazhdani, Soniela, and Arben Vërçuni. "Determinants of Customer – Perceived Service Quality in the Albanian Banking Industry." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p223-234.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of customer service quality perceptions and to develop an instrument to measure the level of service quality in Albanian banking industry. For this purpose we use the BSQ instrument and evaluate whether it can be applied in Albanian banks context. The BSQ items are evaluated and new item are added after an extensive and in depth analysis of the literature review published on bank service quality measurements. As a result of this analysis, a modified version of BSQ was created as a measurement scale of bank service quality in Albania. Data were collected through customer surveys conducted in two major cities in Albania, Tirana (the capital city) and Korca. A structured questionnaire was used in face to face interview with 352 retail bank customers. The questionnaire was formulated using BSQ items and items find from the literature review. The collected data were analyzed through tools such as factor analysis and one way ANOVA. This analysis helped to provide the validity and reliability of the modified instrument. The proposed scale comprises 28 items which spans four dimensions: responsiveness and informing, reliability and security, commodities, effective access. The research findings confirm that the BSQ instrument needs to be modified to the cultural context of Albania. Given the limited research done in measuring bank service quality in Albania this study is a significant contribution to the literature. The instrument developed in this study is important to bank managers for evaluating, controlling and improving service quality.
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Isto, Raino. "“I Lived without Seeing These Art Works”: (Albanian) Socialist Realism and/against Contemporary Art." ARTMargins 10, no. 2 (June 2021): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00291.
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Abstract This article looks closely at the inclusion of Albanian Socialist Realism in one of renowned Swiss curator Harald Szeemann's last exhibitions, Blood & Honey: The Future's in the Balkans (Essl Museum, Vienna, 2003). In this exhibition, Szeemann installed a group of around 40 busts created during the socialist era in Albania, which he had seen installed at the National Gallery of Arts in Tirana. This installation of sculptures was part of an exhibition entitled Homo Socialisticus, curated by Gëzim Qëndro, and Szeemann deployed it as a generalized foil for “subversive” postsocialist contemporary art included in Blood & Honey. The Homo Socialisticus sculptures occupied a prominent place in the exhibition both spatially and rhetorically, and this article examines how we might read Blood & Honey—and the socialist past in general—through Szeemann's problematic incorporation of this collection of works in one of the key Balkans-oriented exhibitions staged in the early 2000s. The article argues that understanding how Szeemann misread—and discursively oversimplified—Albanian Socialist Realism can help us see not only the continued provincialization of Albania in the contemporary global art world, but more importantly the fundamental misunderstanding of Socialist Realism as a historical phenomenon and a precursor to contemporary geopolitical cultural configurations
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Laze, Kuenda. "Assessing public perceptions about road lighting in five neighborhoods of Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i02.84.
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The light use was assessed in ten indoor and outdoor environments of Tirana, Albania, in November 2017. The five indoor environments presented one lecture hall, one library and three labs in a school environment. The five major streets of the capital city of Tirana presented outdoor environments. Questionnaires were respectively used to assess two criteria of “Vista” and “Visual comfort” of daylight in indoor environments and security, obstacle detection and visibility in outdoor environments. Lighting quality aspects of “Vista” were evaluated at a higher rank compared to “Visual comfort”. The approximately 87 and 60 percent of respondents respectively were not able to detect a pavement obstacle after the sunset (dark) or to distinguish a familiar face at a distance of 5 and 10 m in outdoor environments. Lighting was respectively inadequately comfort to 86 percent of users in five indoor environments. Road lighting after dark was not satisfactory to 60 percent of respondents in outdoor environments. These initial findings identify that lighting could generally be inadequate in indoor and outdoor environments in Tirana. Further research is required on the light use in built environments in Tirana, Albania.
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Gjoka, Fran, Peter Felix-Henningsen, Hans-R. Wegener, Ilir Salillari, and Ajran Beqiraj. "Heavy metals in soils from Tirana (Albania)." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 172, no. 1-4 (February 11, 2010): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1351-5.
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Haldeda, Migena, Julien Baume, Catherine Tamalet, Melpomeni Bizhga, and Philippe Colson. "Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 18 (January 2014): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.08.015.
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Duraj, Valbona, Argjent Tafaj, and Teuta Backa. "Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Tirana, Albania." Materia Socio Medica 25, no. 2 (2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/msm.2013.25.96-97.
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Fleming, Philip M. "An encounter with Albania's best known drug addict." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 10 (October 1995): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.10.645.
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Albania borders the Adriatic Sea and lies between the former Yugoslavia to the north and Greece to the south. Seventy per cent of the land mass is mountainous, the coastal strip containing most of the country's agricultural land and having the densest population. The total population of the country is 3.4 million while the capital Tirana has a population of 250000. Until very recently Albania was rarely visited by people from the West. It had become increasingly isolated under the Stalinist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha and the paranoid attitude towards foreigners that existed in the 1970s and 1980s is well illustrated by the concrete pill boxes that were built to repel invaders. More than 600 000 of these were built and they can be seen today scarring the attractive countryside of hills and fields around Tirana. With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, Albania followed the same path and went through a period of disorganisation in 1991 before electing its first democratic government in 1992. As with other former communist countries private enterprise began to develop, land was sold back to the peasants, and private cars began to appear in the streets. In 1992 there were no private cars in the country; in 1995 there were 35 000 in Tirana alone.
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Balaban, Adem. "The Impacts of Turkish TV Serials Broadcasted in Albania on Albanian and Turkish Relations." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p473-495.
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Films and TV series are important means in transferring one nation's values to other nations. In recent years, Turkish TV series have been broadcasted in the Middle East and the Balkans. They are also very popular in Albania. These TV series play a role in presenting Turkey, the Turkish culture and the language in these regions. Turkish culture through these TV series has an impact on the culture of these regions and transfers some cultural values to the cultures of these countries. In Albania, around 10 Turkish soap operas have been broadcasted such as: "Silver, Ezel, Karadayi, Suleiman the Magnificent". These TV series that people are very interested in are highly rated and that is increasing day by day. Turkish cultural values in these series have an effect on Albanians. In this study, the impacts of Turkish culture in these series, on the Albanians and Albanian culture are investigated. It is also discussed the cultural dimension of TV series besides the political, commercial and educational dimensions. Our study is based on a survey; a questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was conducted in Tirana, capital city of Albania. The answers are evaluated and analyzed in terms of cultural, political and commercial and educational dimensions. This study is important in terms of revealing Turkish culture and its impacts in Albania, the role of this series and the evolving relationship of the two nations.
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Duro, Sokol, Bektaş Sönmez, Ozan Gündemir, Tefik Jashari, and Tomasz Szara. "Morphological Divergence of Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri Mojsisovits, 1889) in Albania." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010134.
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Testudines show phenotypic plasticity, and variation among specific populations within a species is widespread. Morphological differences between populations may reflect ecological factors that drive adaptation to local conditions. In this context, we gathered basic data on the morphology of the Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri Mojsisovits, 1889) to document their variation across different geographical regions. We surveyed Hermann’s tortoises in five different locales within Albania during April and May 2020 and measured 20 morphological characteristics, including carapace and plastron dimensions. We measured 188 tortoises (81 males, 107 females) in this study, and females were larger (p = 0.0001) and heavier (p = 0.0001) than males. Mean straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass were 172.4 mm and 1128.8 g, respectively, for females, and 151.3 mm and 735 g, respectively, for males. The Albanian T. h. boettgeri were regionally diverged into three different populations that were situated in northern (Shkodra), central (Tirana, Berati, and Ballshi), and southern (Saranda) Albania. The body size (curved carapace length (CCL)) of females was positively correlated (r = 0.216; p = 0.025) with the latitude, in accordance with Bergmann’s rule. However, there was no correlation between body size and latitude in males. These striking regional differences among Albanian T. h. boettgeri strongly suggest that further study of molecular variations and reproductive output of Hermann’s tortoises is warranted.
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Duro, Sokol, Bektaş Sönmez, Ozan Gündemir, Tefik Jashari, and Tomasz Szara. "Morphological Divergence of Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri Mojsisovits, 1889) in Albania." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010134.
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Testudines show phenotypic plasticity, and variation among specific populations within a species is widespread. Morphological differences between populations may reflect ecological factors that drive adaptation to local conditions. In this context, we gathered basic data on the morphology of the Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri Mojsisovits, 1889) to document their variation across different geographical regions. We surveyed Hermann’s tortoises in five different locales within Albania during April and May 2020 and measured 20 morphological characteristics, including carapace and plastron dimensions. We measured 188 tortoises (81 males, 107 females) in this study, and females were larger (p = 0.0001) and heavier (p = 0.0001) than males. Mean straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass were 172.4 mm and 1128.8 g, respectively, for females, and 151.3 mm and 735 g, respectively, for males. The Albanian T. h. boettgeri were regionally diverged into three different populations that were situated in northern (Shkodra), central (Tirana, Berati, and Ballshi), and southern (Saranda) Albania. The body size (curved carapace length (CCL)) of females was positively correlated (r = 0.216; p = 0.025) with the latitude, in accordance with Bergmann’s rule. However, there was no correlation between body size and latitude in males. These striking regional differences among Albanian T. h. boettgeri strongly suggest that further study of molecular variations and reproductive output of Hermann’s tortoises is warranted.
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Thanasi (Boçe), Marsela. "Hedonic appraisal of apartments in Tirana." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2015-0016.
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Purpose The approved methodology of property valuation in Albania evaluates the reference property prices based on the average contractual price of properties sold and takes into account only factors such as price, square meters of living and location of property. Simple method is the one used on evaluating the reference price for a group of properties with similar characteristics. The purpose of this study is, by building a hedonistic pricing model for apartments in Tirana, to prove empirically that in addition to location, there are other characteristics that affect the value of apartments. Design/methodology/approach The capital city is chosen as a case study for the construction of a hedonistic pricing model. In the database were included detailed characteristics of 1,421 apartments. Multiple regression analysis was chosen in this model as a method to test hypotheses about the causal relationship between house value Y and independent variables XS, representing the characteristics of the property. Population equation parameters β0, β1, β2 […], βn. were evaluated by the ordinary least squares method. Selection of α-standard is 5 per cent, taking into account the significant number of observations and the degree of regression freedom. Findings Based on this study, it was proved empirically that the characteristics of the apartments as square meters of living, number of rooms, access to parking, furniture, view and surface of living affect their price. As a literature review showed, location is the most important variable that affects the value. Results showed that the marginal effect that the number of rooms has on the apartment value depends on the square meters of living of the apartment. In the same line, the effect of the square meters of living on value depends on the square meters, as the relationship between these variables is nonlinear and depends more on the number of rooms. Research limitations/implications It was impossible to find the information on property sales contracts. That is why this study was oriented toward the market and took into account the properties offered for sale at one of the biggest real estate agency “Çelësi”. More accurate information regarding properties characteristics could be obtained. The information was limited and depended on the best apartment characteristics that potential sellers wanted to advertise. On the other side, contractual sales price is oriented by the reference price, so, the applied methodology has resulted in better evaluations of real estate prices, which reflect the market price. Practical implications This study is conducted as an applicable research. After analyzing the property valuation system in Albania, the study recommends the change of the method used on apartment valuation. Improvement of the property valuation system requires first of all creation of a complete and updated database for all real estate sales. Social implications Property valuation is a very important function of the land administration system which directly affects people’s life. Property evaluation for different purposes like tax evaluation, compensation and expropriation is a process that must be designed using an equal, transparent and well-accepted methodology by all. Promotion of property valuation system development is helpful to various interest groups in society, as it can reduce the risk of investment in this sector and encourages lower rates of interest on loans. Originality/value To the author's knowledge, the hedonic model is not applied on the Albanian housing market, thus providing encouragement to deepen the study in this regard. The study is original and has a very important impact on policymakers to change the actual property valuation methodology to obtain more accurate property values.
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Aledort, Louis M., Michele De Luca, Maria Jose Caldes Pinilla, Alberto Zanobini, Simona Carli, Anila Godo, Ogerta Manastirliu, Gentian Kolaj, Tatiana Caja, and Vera Neziri. "Hemophilia Lend-Lease Program in Italy Successfully Meets Albania Factor Needs." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5916.5916.
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Abstract Many countries can not provide yet an adequate haemophilia care for their patients. Albania is among the countries that are trying now to improve its healthcare system but still do not have fully implemented it. As to the Haemophilia treatment the need of FVIII for patients exceeds the available resources thus jeopardizing the possibilities of having I place prophilaxis and/or major chirurgic treatments. Tuscany is one of the region in Italy where the rate of Albanian inhabitant people is higher. Among them many are also blood donors and the links between Italians and the Albanian community are quite strong as well as the Tuscany commitment toward Albania in the general health system (many are the programs put in place by the International Health Cooperation of Tuscany). In this context in 2013 a joint program between Hospital Mother Teresa in Tirana and Hospital Meyer in Florence was undersigned for the supply of 3 MIU of FVIII at 9 cents/I.U. from donors of the region each year for three years. Albania recognizes that hemophilia treatment is a urgent part of their healthcare plan and expects to be able soon to provide more funds to continue this program. Albania has been offered more FVIII from Italian donors for at least a 5 years period in the framework of an Italian recent law that is encouraging the use of FVIII in excess to Italian needs for other countries and with the support of Kedrion , who Is the company fractionating the plasma from Tuscany donors into finished product. Kedrion not only committed to pay for the shipping of goods from Italy to Albania but it is also acting as a partner and liaison between Tuscany and the country Industry should take note that with local philanthropy and financial support from the biologic industry one can achieve both improving healthcare and not just donating product but working with developing countries to make them support their population. Disclosures Aledort: Kedrion: Other: chair scientific advisory committee for kedrion.
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Osmani, Myslym, and Arben Kambo. "Food Waste Factors of Urban Albanian Consumers-A Multinomial Econometric Approach." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p11.
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Goal of this research is to improve knowledge about food waste factors in Albanian urban homes, and recommend some policies and actions on how to reduce food waste. Data collected through face-to-face interviewing of 350 urban households in Tirana city are used. The technique of multinomial logistic model and classical regression are used. A four-dimension dependent variable approach is used, to get more consistent results. Income, size of household, number of family members employed, buying food more than needed and cooking more than needed, consumer’s concern about food waste, social status, shopping and post consumption habits, are some major waste factors. Odds and pattern effects of factors are varying according to levels of waste. To show commitment in relation with food waste, Albania should adopt international activities and initiatives, make legal improvements and foster education and awareness activities.
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Kandel, Pavel. "Albanian Question Today." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran320217783.
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The paper deals with three interrelated topics: the recent parliamentary elections in Albania, the current situation in neighboring Kosovo, and the renewed dialogue between Pristina and Belgrade. It contains the analysis of the run-up to the election and its result along with the longstanding assumptions regarding the specificities of Albania’s electoral geography. It also assesses the pan-Albanian rhetoric of the leading politicians in Tirana and Pristina which is actively exploited for political strengthening and used as a right means for blackmailing Brussels. Nonetheless, whoever resorts to it looks upon other as rivals and is not ready to give up leadership in the implementation of the national ideal. The author also speculates about the prospects for the future negotiations between Serbia and Kosovo, believing that a serious result cannot be expected until the presidential elections 2022 in Serbia.
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Nientied, Peter, Sotir Dhamo, Dorina Papa, and Merita Toska. "Place Attachment in Seven Areas of Tirana, Albania." Current Urban Studies 07, no. 02 (2019): 206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cus.2019.72010.
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Xhaxhiu, Dashamir, Ilir Kusi, Dhimitër Rapti, Elisabeta Kondi, Rezart Postoli, Laura Rinaldi, Zlatka M. Dimitrova, Martin Visser, Martin Knaus, and Steffen Rehbein. "Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania." Parasitology Research 108, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2067-8.
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KADZADEJ, BRIKENA. "Die deutsche Sprache im albanischen Hochschulbereich und ihre Zukunftsperspektiven." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 6 (December 24, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.15560.
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In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, sich mit der Entwicklung der deutschen Sprache im albanischen Hochschulbereich, ihren Problemen, Tendenzen und Perspektiven auseinanderzusetzen. Zunächst soll ein allgemeiner geschichtlicher Überblick zur Situation der deutschen Sprache vor der Wende (bis 1990) bis zur Gegenwart gegeben werden. Obwohl das kleine Land Albanien 50 Jahre lang ein weißer Fleck in Europa war, hat der Sprachenerwerb hier eine relativ lange Tradition. Schon in den 20er und 30er Jahren fängt das Interesse an dem deutschsprachigen Raum undan dem Deutschen an. In den 70er und 80er Jahren unterlag die gesamte Fremdsprachenausbildung der „staatlichen und politischen Planung“.Zu Beginn der 90er Jahre öffnete sich Albanien dem Westen. Mit der Notwendigkeit zu kooperieren und sich in die europäische Nachbarschaft zu integrieren, erhielten die Fremdsprachen einen neuen Stellenwert. Das Interesse der Albaner stieg besonders für die Sprachen, die bisher nicht gelernt werden konnten, insbesondere für das Italienische (wegen der geographischen Nähe) und für das Deutsche.Im Jahre 1992 wurde Deutsch als Studienfach an der Fremdsprachenfakultät (vormals Fakultät für Philologie und Geschichte) in Tirana eingeführt. Erst nach der Wende wurde die erste Germanistikabteilung in Tirana eröffnet und nach deren Vorbild wurden Deutschabteilungen auch in Elbasan, Shkodra und Korca etabliert. Im akademischen Schuljahr 2004/2005 wurde der Bologna-Prozess zunächst an den albanischen Universitäten umgesetzt, was für neue Entwicklungen des Deutschen im albanischen Hochschulbereich sorgte.Im Jahre 2016 wurde das Gesetz für die neue Hochschulreform von dem albanischen Parlament verabschiedet, das nicht nur mit neuen Einstellungen im Bildungswesen und Änderungen in der Organisationsstruktur der Hochschulen verbunden ist, sondern auch zu großen Diskussionen im Hochschulbereich führte.Es wird in diesem Beitrag auf das Profil des Lehrkörpers, die Zulassungsvoraussetzungen für das Hochschulstudium und Studiengangprofile und Abschlüsse eingegangen. Abschließend werden die Probleme und die Perspektiven der deutschen Sprache im albanischen Hochschulbereich in all deren Zusammenhängen dargestellt.
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Oncioiu, Ionica, Sorinel Căpuşneanu, Dan Ioan Topor, Marius Petrescu, Anca-Gabriela Petrescu, and Monica Ioana Toader. "The Effective Management of Organic Waste Policy in Albania." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164217.
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Following a recycling or continuous recycling process, there is always waste with no material or market value that can be converted into energy or other fossil fuel substitutes. The present study aimed to evaluate the management of organic waste policy and to predict the trend of organic waste generation in Albania. The research used an appropriate Box–Jenkins Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to determine the quantification of organic waste to be generated. The main results obtained can support the decision-making process in the planning, change and short-term implementation of organic waste management, and the information provided is very useful in collecting, transporting, storing and managing waste in Albanian cities (Tirana, Durrës, Kukës, Berat, Shkodra, Dibër, Gjirokastër and Elbasan). Furthermore, the high percentage of the organic waste generation until 2025 constitutes good premises to raising public awareness related to their energy recovery.
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Filipi, Dr Nikolin. "Risk Factors Assessment in Acute Renal Dysfunction Following Cardiac Surgery in Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/110.
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KING, RUSSELL, and JULIE VULLNETARI. "Orphan pensioners and migrating grandparents: the impact of mass migration on older people in rural Albania." Ageing and Society 26, no. 5 (August 1, 2006): 783–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x06005125.
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Since 1990, Albania has witnessed rural out-migration on a massive scale, both to other countries, chiefly Italy and Greece, and internally to Tirana and other major towns. The scale of this migration has disrupted the multi-generational rural social and kinship systems that, before 1990, displayed strong and coherent family bonds, and simultaneously accommodated paternalistic state directives and were supported by welfare provision for all members of the population. The sudden political, social and rural dislocations that followed the end of the communist regime have made older people particularly vulnerable: many have been left behind by their emigrant children, creating the phenomenon of socially-isolated ‘elderly orphans’. While the migrants' remittances cushion this social isolation, the loss of children and grandchildren through emigration has undermined older people's self-respect and raison d'être in Albanian family life. This paper, based on fieldwork and interviews in regions of heavy out-migration in northern and southern Albania, examines the human impact of emigration on the older people who have been left behind as well as their coping mechanisms, one being to follow their children abroad to care for the grandchildren, enabling the ‘middle generation’, working-age parents both to engage in paid work.
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Mai, Sofiana, Ederina Ninga, Mimoza Mukaj, and Magdalena Cara. "The Presence of Pesticide Residues in Select Commodities in Albanian Market." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.1.1087.
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Widespread use of pesticides is linked to the development of agriculture in our country; however, the usage of this toxic compound must be controlled. The purpose of this study is to investigate pesticide residues in grape and lettuce samples from the Albanian market. From March to October 2017, we randomly collected 44 grapes and 34 lettuce samples from some region in Albania such as Tirana, Durres, Fier, Lushnje, Elbasan and Vlora. The collected sample underwent pesticide residue analysis, and pesticide extraction which was performed using ethyl acetate. Instrumental analysis was carried out in GC/MS Triple Quadrupole in multiple reactions monitoring mode. Products such as vegetables and fruits, available in our markets should be safe and controlled to limit potential risk to public health. In this study we concluded that no lettuce samples exceed the maximum residues level values for some pesticides, 19% of grape samples resulted above the MRL, and Chlorpyrifos is the most active substance found more than 0.05 mg kg-1
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Mihani, Joana, and Suela Këlliçi. "Patterns of Antibiotic Prescription in Children: Tirana, Albania Region." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.150.
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BACKGROUND: Antibiotics (abx) constitute the most prescribed therapeutic agent in the world. There is little data regarding antibiotic consumption by young children in Albania.AIM: This study aims to evaluate antibiotic prescription in children in quantitative and qualitative terms, and therefore, propose recommendations to improve overall clinical outcomes.METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional drug utilisation study was conducted based on unreimbursed prescriptions collected in 25 pharmacies, randomly selected within the district of Tirana, during the period beginning December 2015 to January 2016. They contain at least one antibacterial therapeutic agent prescribed for children 0-15 years old, for systemic use. The data were analysed using SPSS 20.RESULTS: A group of 904 prescriptions meet inclusion criteria, 54.1% patient were female, and 45.9% were male. The most exposed age group were 2-6 years old. The most common diagnosis was respiratory tract infections: bronchitis (59.2%), tonsillitis (17%) followed by bronchopneumonia (9.6%). The most prescribed antibiotic classes are Penicillins (33%), Cephalosporins (33.2%) and Macrolides (21,5%). Amoxicillin (19.4%), Azithromycin (14.7%), the combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid (13.5%) and Cefaclor (11.7%) were the most commonly prescribed. We observed short duration therapies, with a mean duration of 5.21 days and in 17.4 % of cases with a duration of ≤ 2 days.CONCLUSIONS: We observed a large use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for common respiratory tract infection in children less than 6 years old. We would recommend the creation of an electronic database of patient’s record in order to monitor the quality of prescription and education of the healthcare professionals and patient of risks related to antibiotic resistance.
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Marka, Jani, and Imelda Zaloshnja. "Epiphytic mosses in the centre of Tirana city (Albania)." Studia botanica hungarica 48, no. 1 (2017): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17110/studbot.2017.48.1.51.
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Battacharji, Shobhana. "International Byron Event 14–18 September 2009 Tirana, Albania." Byron Journal 37, no. 2 (December 2009): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/byr.0.0062.
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Mankolli, Hysen, Mirela Lika, and Sukru Dursun. "Some air pollution indicators in city of Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Global Warming 3, no. 1/2 (2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2011.038367.
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Duraj, V., A. Kollcaku, A. Bano, T. Backa, and A. Tafaj. "AB1115 The Incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Tirana, Albania." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 73, Suppl 2 (June 2014): 1171.1–1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5804.
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De Benedictis, G., G. Passarino, E. Boletini, and G. de Lange. "G1m phenotypes in a sample population from Tirana (Albania)." International Journal of Anthropology 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02446247.
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Luku, Esilda. "Aspects of the Feminist Movement in the Albanian Monarchy (1928-1939)." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p285-292.
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This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the Albanian feminist movement during the Monarchy and its impact on improving the social and economic status of the women. in the late 1920s, women's societies operating in different cities were suspended by the Albanian government due to the economic crises, the social and cultural backwardness and mainly because of the efforts to centralize the political power, putting under control the women's organizations, too. The monarchical government supported only the establishment of "Albanian Women" society in Tirana, under the patronage of Queen Mother and headed by Princess Sanie Zogu. It spread its activity among many Albanian cities and in diaspora and published a magazine periodically. The intention of the feminist movement in Albania was the education of girls and women, aimed at raising their cultural level, to overcome the old patriarchal mentality. The "Albanian Women" society contributed to the organization of courses against illiteracy for the emancipation of women which was closely related to the construction of a modern state. Secondly, the women's participation in the economic activity, such as old industries and handicrafts, would improve the female economic conditions and above all her position in family and society. The activity of "Albanian Women" society was helped by the governmental policies to increase the educational level of women, establishing Female Institutes, which played an important role in social progress and economic growth. Also the improvement of the legislation guaranteed women the civil rights, but unfortunately they didn't win the right to vote, as women in the developed countries. However, the Albanian feminist movement, despite the difficulties and its limitations, marked a significant effort concerning the national organization of women dedicated to their empowerment in community.
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Elliott, J. K. "Two Recent Works on Textual Criticism." Novum Testamentum 61, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341620.
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AbstractHere follow two reviews of works within the field of New Testament textual criticism: one is of the final five fascicules of Jean-Claude Haelewyck’s Mark for the Vetus Latina series; the other is of Didier Lafleur’s analysis of a good number of the Greek New Testament manuscripts currently in Tirana, Albania.