Academic literature on the topic 'Tissu mou – Structure – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tissu mou – Structure – Propriétés mécaniques":
Tamoud, Abderrahman. "Mécanique multi-échelle et multiaxiale des composites souples multicouches : application à l'annulus fibrosus humain." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN034.pdf.
The damage in annulus fibrosus soft tissues is a complex multiscale phenomenon due to a complex structural arrangement of collagen network at different scales of hierarchical organization. A fully three-dimensional constitutive representation that considers the regional variation of the structural complexity to estimate annulus multiaxial mechanics till failure has not yet been developed. In the present PhD dissertation, a model, formulated within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics, is developed to predict deformation-induced damage and failure of annulus under multiaxial loading histories considering as time-dependent physical process both chemical-induced volumetric effects and damage accumulation.In a first part, a microstructure-based model is proposed to connect structural features, intrinsic mechanics and electro-chemical properties of annulus soft tissues. The multi-layered lamellar/inter-lamellar annulus model is constructed by considering the effective interactions between adjacent layers and the chemical-induced volumetric strain. The model/experiments comparison demonstrates that the evaluation of the overall time-dependent response involves considering stress, volumetric change and auxetic feature simultaneously in relation to structural features.In a second part, the model is enriched by considering the hierarchical structure of the soft tissue from the nano-sized collagen fibrils to the micro-sized oriented collagen fibers. The stochastic process of progressive damage events operating at different scales of the solid phase is introduced for the extracellular matrix and the network of nano-sized fibrils/micro-sized fibers. The directional effects on annulus mechanics and failure are highlighted in relation to external loading mode, structure features, damage events and hydration.In a third part, the model is further developed by considering the regional variation of the complex structural organization of collagen network at different scales to predict the regional anisotropic multiaxial damage of the intervertebral disc. After model identification using single lamellae extracted from different disc regions, the model predictability is verified for various multiaxial elementary loading modes representative of the spine movement. The stretching along the circumferential and radial directions till failure serves to check the predictive capacities of the annulus model for the different regions. Model results under simple shear, biaxial stretching and plane-strain compression are further presented and discussed.In a fourth part, a full human disc model is constructed using the regional annulus model to examine the heterogeneous mechanics in the disc core. Damage fields in the disc are analyzed under axial compression, axial twist and combined loadings to assess the areas where the risk of failure is the highest
Ni, Annaidh Aisling. "Mécanique du coup de couteau : étude numérique et expérimentale de l'attaque à l'arme blanche." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066261.
Vappou, Jonathan. "Biomechanical study of brain tissue : In vivo approach using magnetic resonance elastography and modeling of non linear properties." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13221.
Boukerrou, Malik. "Modélisation de la cavité pelvienne : vers une évaluation fonctionnelle et thérapeutique personnalisée des troubles de la statique pelvienne." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S004.
Elahi, Seyed Ali. "Vers la caractérisation In-vivo et In-situ des propriétés mécaniques des tissus mou du vivant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI059/document.
In-vivo characterization of biological soft tissues is a key step toward patient-specific biomechanical simulation and planning of intra-operative assisted surgery. These tissues’ structures are usually highly heterogeneous due to the variety of their constituents (skin, mucosa, muscle fibers, fat, fascia, vascularization, etc.). In particular, their local mechanical properties may change with depth.Among various characterization techniques, aspiration method is a standard due to its simplicity: tissue is aspirated through a hole while measuring the negative pressure and the associated apex height. An inverse problem is then solved to identify the material mechanical properties. In the literature, the apex height was usually measured using a camera, which induced design difficulties, in particular regarding the required sterilization process for in-vivo measurements.This thesis aims at developing new practical aspiration techniques and inverse analyze techniques to deal with these challenges.First, the aspiration method is revisited, replacing the apex height optical measurement by the measurement of the aspirated tissue volume. In the proposed method the system head was reduced to a simple tube: sterilization becomes easy and the aspiration aperture diameter can be changed according to experimental requirements. The proposed system is thus probably among the simplest, lightest and most inexpensive devices one could achieve.Then, many studies are developed: (i) a comparison of this volume-based method with classical techniques based on optical measurements, (ii) the validation of the volume-based aspiration device and inverse identification on soft homogeneous synthetic materials, (iii) the development of a method for in-vivo identification of multi-layered soft tissues and its validation on two-layer synthetic samples, and (iv) a method for real-time inverse mechanical identification of constitutive materials using the aspiration results.The experimental signal-to-noise ratio in raw volume measurements obtained either optically or by the volume-based method were compared. The effects on the accuracy of various experimental parameters were investigated and quantified: the volume measurement was proved to present the same order or even better accuracy compared to optical measurements.To validate the inverse identifications using the volume-based aspiration method, silicone samples were then made and characterized using (1) aspiration, and, as references, two standard tests such as (2) uniaxial and (3) equibiaxial extension tests. Performing a Finite Element (FE) inverse identification on the experimental results provided Young’s moduli similar to classical tests with about 7% maximum overestimation for the silicones. This underlines a significant improvement of the measurement method accuracy compared to the literature (about 30% relative overestimation).In the proposed device, the aspiration aperture diameter can be easily changed. This feature was used to develop a new method to characterize the mechanical properties as well as the superficial layers’ thicknesses in multi-layer soft tissues. A proof of concept was experimentally validated on two-layer artificial soft silicone specimens. As a conclusion, the superficial layer thicknesses and the materials Young’s moduli were identified with a maximum error of 4 and 8%, respectively. Such results thus provide encouraging perspectives for the in-vivo characterization of two-layer anatomical structures such as skin and sub-dermal tissues.Eventually, a Design Of Experiment (DOE) method was applied to drastically decrease the computation time involved during the inverse identification step, which is a prerequisite for any use in a clinical routine. The identifications using the DOE method were compared with the reference characteristics of the investigated silicones and maximum errors of 10 and 12% were obtained for the homogeneous and two-layer samples, respectively
Schwartz, Jean-Marc. "Calcul rapide de forces et de déformations mécaniques non-linéaires et visco-élastiques pour la simulation de chirurgie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21208/21208.pdf.
This work presents a method for the fast computation of mechanical deformations and forces for the simulation of surgical applications. Surgery simulation aims at providing physicians with tools allowing extensive training and precise planning of given interventions. The design of such simulation systems requires accurate geometrical and mechanical models of the organs of the human body, as well as fast computation algorithms suitable for real-time conditions. Most existing simulation systems use very simple mechanical models, based on the laws of linear elasticity. Numerous biomechanical results yet indicate that biological tissues exhibit much more complex behaviour, including important non-linear and visco-elastic effects. For this reason, we developed a method allowing the fast computation of mechanical deformations and forces including non-linear and visco-elastic effects. This method uses finite element theory and has been constructed as an extension of the so-called tensor-mass algorithm for linear elasticity. It consists in pre-computing a set of tensors depending on the geometrical and mechanical properties of each finite element, which are later combined in the simulation part itself. Our non-linear model does not assume any particular form of mechanical law, so that the proposed method is generic enough to be applied to a wide variety of behaviours and objects. Following the description of the algorithm, of its performances in terms of computation time, and of its numerical stability conditions, we show that this method allows to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of a biological soft tissue with good precision. As this project is part of a broader effort aiming more specifically at developing a simulation system for liver cryosurgery, we experimentally characterized the properties of liver in perforation by a biopsy needle. The non-linear and visco-elastic tensor-mass model constructed from experimental parameters succeeded in accurately reproducing the observed properties.
Kandil, Karim. "Modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle des tissus mous stratifiés : application à la réponse multi-axiale du disque intervertébral humain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I040.
The intervertebral disc is probably the most extraordinary tissue that the nature produces, mainly for its unusual time-dependent properties strongly influenced by the biochemical environment and the applied mechanical loading. Establishing accurate structure-property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine. The difficulty emanates from the multi-axiality and the anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the biochemical environment. In addition, the annulus fibrosus exhibits an unusual time-dependent transversal behavior for which a complete constitutive representation is not yet developed. A physically-based chemo-viscoelastic constitutive model that takes into account an accurate disc annulus structure in relation with the biochemical environment is proposed. Numerical models of annulus specimens and lumbar functional spinal units (one disc and the adjacent vertebrae) are designed while taking into consideration the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae. At the specimen scale, the model capabilities are verified by experimental comparisons under various conditions in terms of osmolarity, strain-rate and multi-axiality while considering the regional dependency. Our results highlight the determinant role of the interlamellar matrix in the disc multi-axial response. The different scenarios applied to lumbar units show encouraging multi-axial predictive capabilities of our approach making it a promising tool for human spine behavior long-term prediction including age-dependency
Cochereau, Thibaud. "Structure et Mécanique du pli vocal humain : caractérisation et modélisation multi-échelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI018/document.
The human vocal fold owns exceptional vibratory properties. It is capable of withstanding large deformations, for different types of loading, in a repeated and reversible manner. These particular vibro-mechanical properties are closely linked to its microstructure: a multi-layer complex structure composed of highly heterogeneous protein fibre networks. However, it is still difficult today to describe precisely the implication of the microstructural specificities of the fold in its biomechanical behaviour.In order to clarify this link and to move towards a better understanding of the behaviour of the vocal tissue, this study proposes to approach the problem under three complementary approaches, combining microstructural characterization, mechanical characterization and numerical modelling. First, the microstructure of the fold was studied emph{ex vivo} using an original technique based on X-ray tomography. The use of synchrotron tomography in phase retrieval mode has revealed the structure of the tissue at different scales. In particular, high-resolution 3D images of the fibrous structure of the upper and muscular layers of the tissue were acquired. These images gave rise to a quantitative 3D analysis of the fibrous arrangement, allowing the determination of descriptors of orientation and 3D geometry of the fibers.In a second step, the mechanical behaviour of the fabric under different loading conditions was studied. A protocol has been proposed to characterize the same sample in tension, compression and shear. These tests have complemented existing knowledge on fold biomechanics, and constitute important reference data for the construction and validation of digital models.Finally, based on the data acquired experimentally, a micro-mechanical model was developed. This model has the specificity to take into account the 3D arrangement of the tissue through an idealized but relevant representation of its fibrous microstructure. The macroscopic responses predicted for different loading conditionds could be compared to the experiment for validation. At the microscopic scale, the kinematics of the fibres during the loading could be simulated. The micromechanisms that occur during the deformation of the fibrous network could thus be identified, opening new perspectives in the understanding of the multi-scale properties of the tissue
Dubuis, Laura. "Biomécanique des tissus mous de la jambe humaine sous compression élastique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716423.
Rohan, Christian Pierre-Yves. "Etude biomécanique de l’action des Bas Médicaux de Compression sur les parois veineuses du membre inférieur." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0721/document.
Compression therapy is a highly effective modality for treating venous disorders of the lower leg and is considered as the “gold standard” for non-operative therapy. However the mechanisms by which Medical Compression Stockings (MCS) benefit the control and treatment of venous insufficiency are neither clearly understood nor have they been conclusively demonstrated. In the present study, the biomechanical response of the lower leg veins to elastic compression is modelled in order to address some of the issues relating to the mechanisms by which it achieves its medical function. First, a new methodology has been developed in order to predict the pressure transmitted to the superficial vein wall during external compression and to quantify the resulting variations of transmural pressure and of the vein cross sectional area. A parametric study was performed to study the influence of the model parameters on the response of the vein. The developed model was also used to simulate different scenarii related to the use of elastic compression after sclerotherapy. In a second step, a numerical approach was developed to model the biomechanical response of deep veins to elastic compression. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the relative influence of the muscular aponeurosis, muscular contraction and external compression applied by MCS. The obtained results bring a new insight on MCS mechanical action and its possible benefits. They also open up new perspectives, especially, regarding the development of new tools to assist MCS manufacturers in adapting the level of compression to the location of the deep vein, the morphology of the patient and the severity of the disease